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Bartolucci G, Pallecchi M, Braconi L, Dei S, Teodori E, Lapolla A, Sartore G, Traldi P. Mass Spectrometry Study about In Vitro and In Vivo Reaction between Metformin and Glucose: A Preliminary Investigation on Alternative Biological Behavior. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:180. [PMID: 38203351 PMCID: PMC10779030 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Metformin is the most prescribed glucose-lowering drug worldwide; globally, over 100 million patients are prescribed this drug annually. Some different action mechanisms have been proposed for this drug, but, surprisingly, no metabolite of metformin has ever been described. It was considered interesting to investigate the possible reaction of metformin with glucose following the Maillard reaction pattern. The reaction was first performed in in vitro conditions, showing the formation of two adducts that originated by the condensation of the two molecular species with the losses of one or two water molecules. Their structures were investigated by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS), tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) and accurate mass measurements (HRMS). The species originated via the reaction of glucose and metformin and were called metformose and dehydrometformose, and some structural hypotheses were conducted. It is worth to emphasize that they were detected in urine samples from a diabetic patient treated with metformin and consequently they must be considered metabolites of the drug, which has never been identified before now. The glucose-related substructure of these compounds could reflect an improved transfer across cell membranes and, consequently, new hypotheses could be made about the biological targets of metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Bartolucci
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino (NEUROFARBA), Università di Firenze, 50100 Firenze, Italy; (M.P.); (L.B.); (S.D.); (E.T.)
| | - Marco Pallecchi
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino (NEUROFARBA), Università di Firenze, 50100 Firenze, Italy; (M.P.); (L.B.); (S.D.); (E.T.)
| | - Laura Braconi
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino (NEUROFARBA), Università di Firenze, 50100 Firenze, Italy; (M.P.); (L.B.); (S.D.); (E.T.)
| | - Silvia Dei
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino (NEUROFARBA), Università di Firenze, 50100 Firenze, Italy; (M.P.); (L.B.); (S.D.); (E.T.)
| | - Elisabetta Teodori
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino (NEUROFARBA), Università di Firenze, 50100 Firenze, Italy; (M.P.); (L.B.); (S.D.); (E.T.)
| | - Annunziata Lapolla
- Dipartimento di Medicina, Università di Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy; (A.L.); (G.S.)
| | - Giovanni Sartore
- Dipartimento di Medicina, Università di Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy; (A.L.); (G.S.)
| | - Pietro Traldi
- Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, 35100 Padova, Italy
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Braconi L, Dei S, Contino M, Riganti C, Bartolucci G, Manetti D, Romanelli MN, Perrone MG, Colabufo NA, Guglielmo S, Teodori E. Tetrazole and oxadiazole derivatives as bioisosteres of tariquidar and elacridar: New potent P-gp modulators acting as MDR reversers. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 259:115716. [PMID: 37573829 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
New 2,5- and 1,5-disubstituted tetrazoles, and 2,5-disubstituted-1,3,4-oxadiazoles were synthesized as tariquidar and elacridar derivatives and studied as multidrug resistance (MDR) reversers. Their behaviour on the three ABC transporters P-gp, MRP1 and BCRP was investigated. All compounds inhibited the P-gp transport activity in MDCK-MDR1 cells overexpressing P-gp, showing EC50 values even in the low nanomolar range (compounds 15, 22). Oxadiazole derivatives were able to increase the antiproliferative effect of doxorubicin in MDCK-MDR1 and in HT29/DX cells confirming their nature of P-gp modulators, with derivative 15 being the most potent in these assays. Compound 15 also displayed a dual inhibitory effect showing good activities towards both P-gp and BCRP. A computational study suggested a common interaction pattern on P-gp for most of the potent compounds. The bioisosteric substitution of the amide group of lead compounds allowed identifying a new set of potent oxadiazole derivatives that modulate MDR through inhibition of the P-gp efflux activity. If compared to previous amide derivatives, the introduction of the heterocycle rings greatly enhances the activity on P-gp, introduces in two compounds a moderate inhibitory activity on MRP1 and maintains in some cases the effect on BCRP, leading to the unveiling of dual inhibitor 15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Braconi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Silvia Dei
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Marialessandra Contino
- Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro", via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Via Santena 5/bis, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Gianluca Bartolucci
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Dina Manetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Maria Novella Romanelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Perrone
- Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro", via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Antonio Colabufo
- Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro", via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Stefano Guglielmo
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Teodori
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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Quercioli C, Bosco R, Bova G, Mandò M, De Marco MF, Dei S, Gusinu R, Messina G. Evaluating the effect of COVID-19 incidence on Emergency Departments admissions. Results from a retrospective study in Central Italy during the first year of pandemic. Ann Ig 2023; 35:572-585. [PMID: 37082931 DOI: 10.7416/ai.2023.2570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on the Healthcare System, changing the patterns of Emergency Department access. In fact, accesses for trauma and less severe cases decreased significantly. This decline has generally been attributed to both the effects of the lockdown, imposed by the government, and the fear of being infected by SARS-CoV-2 in the hospital. However, the correlation between these elements is not yet clear, since the accesses to the Emergency Department did not increase either at the end of the lockdown or in the summer when the epidemiological situation was more favorable. Aim: To evaluate the association between trends of Emergency Department accesses and COVID-19 incidence in 2020. Methods Data on Emergency Department accesses, by month and severity triage code, from 14 hospitals in southeastern Tuscany (Italy) were obtained from hospitals' data warehouse. Official data on new cases of COVID-19 infection were used to calculate incidence. Hospitals were classified into 4 categories. Differences in Emergency Department access by month, triage code, and hospital type were investigated using Kruskal-Wallis analysis. Association between Emergency Department accesses and COVID-19 incidence was evaluated using a random-effect panel data analysis, adjusting for hospital type and triage code. Results The trend of 268,072 Emergency Department accesses decreases substantially at the first pandemic peak; thereafter, it increased and decreased again until the minimum peak in November 2020. COVID-19 incidence appeared to be overlapping with an inverse direction. Monthly differences were significant (p<0.01) except for most severe codes. There was a significant inverse association between Emergency Department accesses and COVID-19 incidence (Coef. =-0.074, p<0.001) except for most severe cases (triage code 1: Coef. =-0.028, p=0.154). Conclusion Emergency Department admissions trend followed the COVID-19 incidence, except for the most severe cases. Fear of infection seems to discourage patients from accessing Emergency Department for illnesses perceived as not serious.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Quercioli
- Post Graduate School of Public Health, University of Siena, Italy
- Healthcare Management, Local Health Authority Southern-East Tuscany, Italy
| | - R Bosco
- Post Graduate School of Public Health, University of Siena, Italy
| | - G Bova
- Emergency Director, University Hospital "Santa Maria alle Scotte", Siena, Italy
| | - M Mandò
- Emergency Department Director, Local Health Authority Southern-East Tuscany, Italy
| | - M F De Marco
- Medical Management, University Hospital "Santa Maria alle Scotte", Siena, Italy
| | - S Dei
- Healthcare Director, Local Health Authority Southern-East Tuscany, Italy
| | - R Gusinu
- Healthcare Director, University Hospital "Santa Maria alle Scotte", Siena, Italy
| | - G Messina
- Post Graduate School of Public Health, University of Siena, Italy
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Italy
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Pallecchi M, Lucio L, Braconi L, Menicatti M, Dei S, Teodori E, Bartolucci G. Isomers Recognition in HPLC-MS/MS Analysis of Human Plasma Samples by Using an Ion Trap Supported by a Linear Equations-Based Algorithm. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11155. [PMID: 37446333 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) approach employing an ion trap mass analyzer (IT) was evaluated in isomers recognition. The proposed approach consists of sole, simple, and rapid liquid chromatographic separation (HPLC) without requiring resolution between the analytes. Then, the MS/MS properties were optimized to solve the signal assignment using post-processing data elaboration (LEDA). The IT-MS/MS experiment uses the same site, helium as collision gas, and different time steps to modify the applied conditions on the studied ions. Nevertheless, helium cannot ensure the quick energization of the precursor ion due to its small cross-section. Then, different combinations between excitation amplitude (ExA) and excitation time (ExT) were tested to achieve the activation of the fragmentation channels and the formation of the MS/MS spectrum. Usually, the IT-MS/MS acquisition cycle is longer for other multistage instruments, decreasing the frequency of sample data collection and influencing the chromatographic profile. To solve these problems, two time segments were set up, and the elution conditions were optimized with a compromise between peaks distinction and run time reduction. The developed HPLC-MS/MS method was checked and applied to analyze a series of human plasma samples spiked with an equimolar mixture of pair of isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pallecchi
- Neurofarba Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Firenze, Italy
| | - Luigi Lucio
- Neurofarba Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Firenze, Italy
| | - Laura Braconi
- Neurofarba Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Firenze, Italy
| | - Marta Menicatti
- Neurofarba Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Firenze, Italy
| | - Silvia Dei
- Neurofarba Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Firenze, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Teodori
- Neurofarba Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Firenze, Italy
| | - Gianluca Bartolucci
- Neurofarba Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Firenze, Italy
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Lake MA, Adams KN, Nie F, Fowler E, Verma AK, Dei S, Teodori E, Sherman DR, Edelstein PH, Spring DR, Troll M, Ramakrishnan L. The human proton pump inhibitors inhibit Mycobacterium tuberculosis rifampicin efflux and macrophage-induced rifampicin tolerance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2215512120. [PMID: 36763530 PMCID: PMC7614234 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2215512120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis treatment requires months-long combination chemotherapy with multiple drugs, with shorter treatments leading to relapses. A major impediment to shortening treatment is that Mycobacterium tuberculosis becomes tolerant to the administered drugs, starting early after infection and within days of infecting macrophages. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that macrophage-induced drug tolerance is mediated by mycobacterial drug efflux pumps. Here, using assays to directly measure drug efflux, we find that M. tuberculosis transports the first-line antitubercular drug rifampicin through a proton gradient-dependent mechanism. We show that verapamil, a known efflux pump inhibitor, which inhibits macrophage-induced rifampicin tolerance, also inhibits M.tuberculosis rifampicin efflux. As with macrophage-induced tolerance, the calcium channel-inhibiting property of verapamil is not required for its inhibition of rifampicin efflux. By testing verapamil analogs, we show that verapamil directly inhibits M. tuberculosis drug efflux pumps through its human P-glycoprotein (PGP)-like inhibitory activity. Screening commonly used drugs with incidental PGP inhibitory activity, we find many inhibit rifampicin efflux, including the proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) such as omeprazole. Like verapamil, the PPIs inhibit macrophage-induced rifampicin tolerance as well as intramacrophage growth, which has also been linked to mycobacterial efflux pump activity. Our assays provide a facile screening platform for M. tuberculosis efflux pump inhibitors that inhibit in vivo drug tolerance and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Alexandra Lake
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, CB2 0AWCambridge, UK
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CB2 0QHCambridge, UK
| | - Kristin N. Adams
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle98195
| | - Feilin Nie
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 1EW, UK
| | - Elaine Fowler
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 1EW, UK
| | - Amit K. Verma
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, CB2 0AWCambridge, UK
| | - Silvia Dei
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, 50019Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Elisabetta Teodori
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, 50019Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - David R. Sherman
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle98195
| | - Paul H. Edelstein
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, CB2 0AWCambridge, UK
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - David R. Spring
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 1EW, UK
| | - Mark Troll
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, CB2 0AWCambridge, UK
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CB2 0QHCambridge, UK
| | - Lalita Ramakrishnan
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, CB2 0AWCambridge, UK
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CB2 0QHCambridge, UK
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Teodori E, Braconi L, Manetti D, Romanelli MN, Dei S. The Tetrahydroisoquinoline Scaffold in ABC Transporter Inhibitors that Act as Multidrug Resistance (MDR) Reversers. Curr Top Med Chem 2022; 22:2535-2569. [PMID: 36284399 DOI: 10.2174/1568026623666221025111528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The failure of anticancer chemotherapy is often due to the development of resistance to a variety of anticancer drugs. This phenomenon is called multidrug resistance (MDR) and is related to the overexpression of ABC transporters, such as P-glycoprotein, multidrug resistance- associated protein 1 and breast cancer resistance protein. Over the past few decades, several ABC protein modulators have been discovered and studied as a possible approach to evade MDR and increase the success of anticancer chemotherapy. Nevertheless, the co-administration of pump inhibitors with cytotoxic drugs, which are substrates of the transporters, does not appear to be associated with an improvement in the therapeutic efficacy of antitumor agents. However, more recently discovered MDR reversing agents, such as the two tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives tariquidar and elacridar, are characterized by high affinity towards the ABC proteins and by reduced negative properties. Consequently, many analogs of these two derivatives have been synthesized, with the aim of optimizing their MDR reversal properties. OBJECTIVE This review aims to describe the MDR modulators carrying the tetraidroisoquinoline scaffold reported in the literature in the period 2009-2021, highlighting the structural characteristics that confer potency and/or selectivity towards the three ABC transport proteins. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Many compounds have been synthesized in the last twelve years showing interesting properties, both in terms of potency and selectivity. Although clear structure-activity relationships can be drawn only by considering strictly related compounds, some of the compounds reviewed could be promising starting points for the design of new ABC protein inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Teodori
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Laura Braconi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Dina Manetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Maria Novella Romanelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Silvia Dei
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
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Pallecchi M, Braconi L, Menicatti M, Giachetti S, Dei S, Teodori E, Bartolucci G. Simultaneous Degradation Study of Isomers in Human Plasma by HPLC-MS/MS and Application of LEDA Algorithm for Their Characterization. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113139. [PMID: 36361928 PMCID: PMC9653966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper proposes a tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) approach in isomer recognition by playing in the “energetic dimension” of the experiment. The chromatographic set up (HPLC) was tuned to minimize the run time, without requiring high efficiency or resolution between the isomers. Then, the MS/MS properties were explored to solve the signal assignment by performing a series of energy resolved experiments in order to optimize the parameters, and by applying an interesting post-processing data elaboration tool (LEDA). The reliability of the new approach was evaluated, determining the accuracy and precision of the quantitative results through analysis of the isomer mixture solutions. Next, the proposed method was applied in a chemical stability study of human plasma samples through the simultaneous addition of a pair of isomers. In the studied case, only one of the isomers suffered of enzymatic hydrolysis; therefore, the influence of the stable isomer on the degradation rate of the other was verified. In order to monitor this process correctly, it must be possible to distinguish each isomer present in the sample, quantify it, and plot its degradation profile. The reported results demonstrated the effectiveness of the LEDA algorithm in separating the isomers, without chromatographic resolution, and monitoring their behavior in human plasma samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pallecchi
- NEUROFARBA Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Firenze, Italy
| | - Laura Braconi
- NEUROFARBA Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Firenze, Italy
| | - Marta Menicatti
- NEUROFARBA Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Firenze, Italy
| | - Sara Giachetti
- Chemistry Department DICUS ‘Ugo Schiff’, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Firenze, Italy
| | - Silvia Dei
- NEUROFARBA Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Firenze, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Teodori
- NEUROFARBA Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Firenze, Italy
| | - Gianluca Bartolucci
- NEUROFARBA Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Firenze, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Braconi L, Teodori E, Riganti C, Coronnello M, Nocentini A, Bartolucci G, Pallecchi M, Contino M, Manetti D, Romanelli MN, Supuran CT, Dei S. New Dual P-Glycoprotein (P-gp) and Human Carbonic Anhydrase XII (hCA XII) Inhibitors as Multidrug Resistance (MDR) Reversers in Cancer Cells. J Med Chem 2022; 65:14655-14672. [PMID: 36269278 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In a continuing search of dual P-gp and hCA XII inhibitors, we synthesized and studied new N,N-bis(alkanol)amine aryl diester derivatives characterized by the presence of a coumarin group. These hybrids contain both P-gp and hCA XII binding groups to synergistically overcome the P-gp-mediated multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer cells expressing both P-gp and hCA XII. Indeed, hCA XII modulates the efflux activity of P-gp and the inhibition of hCA XII reduces the intracellular pH, thereby decreasing the ATPase activity of P-gp. All compounds showed inhibitory activities on P-gp and hCA XII proteins taken individually, and many of them displayed a synergistic effect in HT29/DOX and A549/DOX cells that overexpress both P-gp and hCA XII, being more potent than in K562/DOX cells overexpressing only P-gp. Compounds 5 and 14 were identified as promising chemosensitizer agents for selective inhibition in MDR cancer cells overexpressing both P-gp and hCA XII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Braconi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Elisabetta Teodori
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Via Santena 5/bis, 10126Torino, Italy
| | - Marcella Coronnello
- Department of Health Sciences - Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology Section, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139Firenze, Italy
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Gianluca Bartolucci
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Marco Pallecchi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Marialessandra Contino
- Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro", via Orabona 4, 70125Bari, Italy
| | - Dina Manetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Maria Novella Romanelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Silvia Dei
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
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Quercioli C, Bosco R, Bova G, Mandò M, Dei S, Gusinu R, Messina G. COVID-19 incidence on Emergency Departments accesses. Health need and fear of infection, what wins? Eur J Public Health 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckac129.541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the patterns of access to the Emergency Department (ED), but it is unclear whether this change was due to COVID-19 incidence or the lockdown imposed by law.
Aim
To evaluate the association between trends of ED accesses and COVID-19 incidence in the period 1 January - 31 December 2020.
Material and methods
The data of accesses to the ED per month and severity triage code of 14 hospitals in the Southeast Tuscany (Italy, Provinces of Siena, Arezzo, Grosseto) were obtained from hospitals data warehouses. Data on new cases of COVID-19 infection (obtained by the Ministry of Health) for the 3 provinces were used to calculate the incidence of infection. Hospitals were classified in 4 categories based on beds number, medical specialties offered, services provided. Differences in ED accesses by month, triage code and hospital type were investigated by a Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance. Association between ED accesses and COVID-19 incidence was evaluated using a random effect panel data analysis adjusting for hospital type and triage code.
Results
A total of 268,072 ED accesses have been studied. Their trends saw a strong decrease in correspondence of the first pandemic peak, subsequently they are increased and then decreased again until the minimum peak in November 2020. COVID-19 incidence appeared to overlap, but in the reverse direction, with ED admissions trends. Monthly differences of the ED accesses were significant (p < 0.01) except for most severity code. There is a statistically significant inverse association between ED accesses and COVID-19 incidence (Coef. = -0.074, p < 0.001) except for most severe cases (triage code 1: Coef. = -0.028, p = 0.154).
Conclusions
ED admissions trends followed the COVID-19 incidence independently from the period of lockdown except for the most severe cases. The fear to contract the infection seemed to discourage patients to access ED for diseases that were perceived as not serious.
Key messages
• The pandemic has changed the lifestyle of people worldwide, modifying even the perception that the patient has of own state of health and their access to Emergency Department.
• The decrease in accesses involved less severe cases. Reflect on both the adequacy of accesses in the pre-pandemic period and on what is the best setting to manage these cases in the pandemic period.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Quercioli
- Post Graduate School of Public Health, University of Siena , Siena, Italy
- Hospital Healthcare Management, Poggibonsi Hospital, Local Health Unit Toscana Sud-Est , Poggibonsi, Italy
| | - R Bosco
- Post Graduate School of Public Health, University of Siena , Siena, Italy
| | - G Bova
- University Hospital “Santa Maria alle Scotte” , Siena, Italy
| | - M Mandò
- Emergency Department Director, Local Health Unit Toscana Sud-Est , Arezzo, Italy
| | - S Dei
- Local Health Unit Toscana Sud-Est , Arezzo, Italy
| | - R Gusinu
- University Hospital “Santa Maria alle Scotte” , Siena, Italy
| | - G Messina
- Post Graduate School of Public Health, University of Siena , Siena, Italy
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena , Siena, Italy
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10
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Hamurtekin E, Hamurtekin Y, Matucci R, Dei S, Baris E, Kazdagli H. Cholinergic Receptor Binding Profile of Hypericum perforatum L. and its Active Constituents. INT J PHARMACOL 2022. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2022.1429.1439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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11
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Romanelli MN, Manetti D, Braconi L, Dei S, Gabellini A, Teodori E. The piperazine scaffold for novel drug discovery efforts: the evidence to date. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2022; 17:969-984. [PMID: 35848922 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2022.2103535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION . Piperazine is a structural element present in drugs belonging to various chemical classes and used for numerous different therapeutic applications; it has been considered a privileged scaffold for drug design. AREAS COVERED The authors have searched examples of piperazine-containing compounds among drugs recently approved by the FDA, and in some research fields (nicotinic receptor modulators, compounds acting against cancer and bacterial multi-drug resistance), looking in particular to the design behind the insertion of this moiety. EXPERT OPINION Piperazine is widely used due to its peculiar characteristics, such as solubility, basicity, chemical reactivity, and conformational properties. This moiety has represented an important tool to modulate pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Novella Romanelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Dina Manetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Laura Braconi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Silvia Dei
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Alessio Gabellini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Teodori
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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12
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Pallecchi M, Menicatti M, Braconi L, Supuran CT, Dei S, Teodori E, Bartolucci G. Application of LEDA algorithm for the recognition of P-glycoprotein and Carbonic Anhydrase hybrid inhibitors and evaluation of their plasma stability by HPLC-MS/MS analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 219:114887. [PMID: 35753165 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Design and synthesis of new candidate drugs produces a large number of compounds that must be qualified and tested to evaluate their characteristics and potential applications. Therefore, many studies will be scheduled and, consequently, it will be necessary to arrange specific, reliable, fast and relatively cheap analytic methods to support this research. The manuscript proposes a new approach in the HPLC-MS/MS analysis by using a sole chromatographic set up, tuned to minimize the run time, without requiring high efficiency or resolution between the analytes. The chromatographic column was used only to avoid or limit the interference of sample matrix towards the analyte ionization process (matrix-effects). Then, the MS/MS properties were explored to solve the signal assignment, by performing a series of energy resolved experiments to optimize the parameters and applying an interesting post-processing data elaboration tool (LEDA). The reliability of the new approach was evaluated in a chemical stability study in PBS and human plasma samples of a series of isomeric compounds P-glycoprotein/Carbonic Anhydrase (P-gp/CA) hybrid inhibitors. The obtained results demonstrated the effectiveness (reliability 97%-100%) of the LEDA algorithm to recognize and to separate the possible isomers present in the samples. The obtained matrix-effects values (ME 96%-106%) established that the chromatographic set up (short column and fast elution gradient) was proper to avoid the matrix interferences, while recovery values (RE 88%-108%) indicate a suitable sample preparation, despite only a protein precipitation was carried out. The quantitative performances of proposed HPLC-MS/MS methods showed an accuracy ranging between 92% and 108% and a precision lower than 13% that allows to be confident on the determination of new P-gp/CA hybrid inhibitors in the degradation study. Therefore, the general procedure proposed was found adequate to study a series of isomeric compounds without their chromatographic separation but only by applying and developing the MS/MS features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pallecchi
- NEUROFARBA Department, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health-Neurofarba-Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences Section, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Marta Menicatti
- NEUROFARBA Department, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health-Neurofarba-Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences Section, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Laura Braconi
- NEUROFARBA Department, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health-Neurofarba-Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences Section, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- NEUROFARBA Department, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health-Neurofarba-Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences Section, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Silvia Dei
- NEUROFARBA Department, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health-Neurofarba-Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences Section, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Teodori
- NEUROFARBA Department, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health-Neurofarba-Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences Section, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Gianluca Bartolucci
- NEUROFARBA Department, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health-Neurofarba-Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences Section, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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Maach S, Chiaramonte N, Borgonetti V, Sarno F, Pierucci F, Dei S, Teodori E, Altucci L, Meacci E, Galeotti N, Romanelli MN. Dual HDAC–BRD4 inhibitors endowed with antitumor and antihyperalgesic activity. Med Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-022-02896-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AbstractHistone deacetylases (HDAC) are enzymes that regulate the concentration of acetylated histones which, in turns, interact with the bromodomain (BRD) of BET (Bromodomain and Extracellular domain) proteins to affect transcriptional activity. Simultaneous blockade of both epigenetic players has shown synergistic effects in a variety of cancer cell lines. In this paper we report the design, synthesis and activity of new dual inhibitors, obtained by adding a methyltriazole moiety to some HDAC inhibitors carrying a benzodiazepine core, which were previously developed by us. An Alphascreen FRET assay showed that the compounds were able to interact with BRD4-1 and BRD4-2 proteins, with some selectivity for the latter, while the HDAC inhibiting properties were measured by means of an immunoprecipitation assay. The antiproliferative activity was tested on C26 adenocarcinoma, SSMC2 melanoma and SHSY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Interestingly, both compounds were endowed with antihyperalgesic activity in the mouse Spared Nerve Injury (SNI) model.
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14
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Braconi L, Teodori E, Contino M, Riganti C, Bartolucci G, Manetti D, Romanelli MN, Perrone MG, Colabufo NA, Guglielmo S, Dei S. Overcoming multidrug resistance (MDR): design, biological evaluation and molecular modelling studies of 2,4-substituted quinazoline derivatives. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202200027. [PMID: 35416421 PMCID: PMC9325490 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Some 2,4‐disubstituted quinazolines were synthesized and studied as multidrug resistance (MDR) reversers. The new derivatives carried the quinazoline‐4‐amine scaffold found in modulators of the ABC transporters involved in MDR, as the TKIs gefitinib and erlotinib. Their behaviour on the three ABC transporters, P‐gp, MRP1 and BCRP, was investigated. Almost all compounds inhibited the P‐gp activity in MDCK‐MDR1 cells overexpressing P‐gp, showing EC50 values in the nanomolar range (1 d, 1 e, 2 a, 2 c, 2 e). Some compounds were active also towards MRP1 and/or BCRP. Docking results obtained by in silico studies on the P‐gp crystal structure highlighted common features for the most potent compounds. The P‐gp selective compound 1 e was able to increase the doxorubicin uptake in HT29/DX cells and to restore its antineoplastic activity in resistant cancer cells in the same extent of sensitive cells. Compound 2 a displayed a dual inhibitory effect showing good activities towards both P‐gp and BCRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Braconi
- University of Florence: Universita degli Studi di Firenze, NEUROFARBA, ITALY
| | - Elisabetta Teodori
- Universita degli Studi di Firenze, NEUROFARBA-Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, ITALY
| | - Marialessandra Contino
- University of Bari: Universita degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, ITALY
| | - Chiara Riganti
- University of Turin: Universita degli Studi di Torino, Oncology, ITALY
| | - Gianluca Bartolucci
- University of Florence: Universita degli Studi di Firenze, NEUROFARBA, ITALY
| | - Dina Manetti
- University of Florence: Universita degli Studi di Firenze, NEUROFARBA, ITALY
| | | | - Maria Grazia Perrone
- University of Bari: Universita degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, ITALY
| | | | - Stefano Guglielmo
- University of Turin: Universita degli Studi di Torino, Drug Sciences and Technology, ITALY
| | - Silvia Dei
- University of Florence: Universita degli Studi di Firenze, NEUROFARBA, ITALY
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15
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Chiaramonte N, Angeli A, Sgambellone S, Bonardi A, Nocentini A, Bartolucci G, Braconi L, Dei S, Lucarini L, Teodori E, Gratteri P, Wünsch B, Supuran CT, Romanelli MN. 2-(2-Hydroxyethyl)piperazine derivatives as potent human carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: Synthesis, enzyme inhibition, computational studies and antiglaucoma activity. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 228:114026. [PMID: 34920169 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.114026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Targeting Carbonic Anhydrases (CAs) represents a strategy to treat several diseases, from glaucoma to cancer. To widen the structure-activity relationships (SARs) of our series of piperazines endowed with potent human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) inhibition, a new series of chiral piperazines carrying a (2-hydroxyethyl) group was prepared. The Zn-binding function, the 4-sulfamoylbenzoyl moiety, was connected to one piperazine N-atom, while the other nitrogen was decorated with alkyl substituents. In analogy to the approach used for the synthesis of the previously reported series, the preparation of the new compounds started with (R)- and (S)-aspartic acid. A partial racemization occurred during the synthesis. In order to overcome this problem, other chemical strategies were investigated. The inhibitory activity of the new polar derivatives against four hCAs isoforms I, II, IV and IX using a stopped flow CO2 hydrase assay was determined. Some compounds showed potency in the nanomolar range and a preference for inhibiting hCA IX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccolò Chiaramonte
- University of Florence, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Andrea Angeli
- University of Florence, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Silvia Sgambellone
- University of Florence, Department NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50100, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bonardi
- University of Florence, Department NEUROFARBA - Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences; Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Firenze, via Ugo Schiff 6, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- University of Florence, Department NEUROFARBA - Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences; Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Firenze, via Ugo Schiff 6, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Gianluca Bartolucci
- University of Florence, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Laura Braconi
- University of Florence, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Silvia Dei
- University of Florence, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Laura Lucarini
- University of Florence, Department NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50100, Florence, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Teodori
- University of Florence, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Paola Gratteri
- University of Florence, Department NEUROFARBA - Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences; Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Firenze, via Ugo Schiff 6, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Westphalian Wilhelms University Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- University of Florence, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Maria Novella Romanelli
- University of Florence, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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Casalone E, Vignolini T, Braconi L, Gardini L, Capitanio M, Pavone FS, Giovannelli L, Dei S, Teodori E. Characterization of substituted piperazines able to reverse MDR in Escherichia coli strains overexpressing resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) efflux pumps. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 77:413-424. [PMID: 34747445 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkab388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MDR in bacteria is threatening to public health. Overexpression of efflux pumps is an important cause of MDR. The co-administration of antimicrobial drugs and efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) is a promising approach to address the problem of MDR. OBJECTIVES To identify new putative EPIs and to characterize their mechanisms of action. METHODS The effects of four selected piperazine derivatives on resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) pumps was evaluated in Escherichia coli strains overexpressing or not expressing RND pumps by assays aimed at evaluating antibiotic potentiation, membrane functionality, ethidium bromide accumulation and AcrB expression. The cytotoxicity of selected piperazines towards primary cultures of human dermal fibroblasts was also investigated. RESULTS Four molecules enhanced levofloxacin activity against strains overexpressing RND efflux pumps (AcrAB-TolC and AcrEF-TolC), but not against RND pump-deficient strains. They had little effects on membrane potential. Molecule 4 decreased, whereas the other three increased, membrane permeability compared with untreated control cells. The four molecules showed differences in the specificity of interaction with RND efflux pumps, by inactivating the transport of one or more antibiotics, and in the levels of ethidium bromide accumulation and of acrB expression inhibition. CONCLUSIONS Piperazine derivatives are good candidates as inhibitors of RND efflux pumps. They decreased the activity of RND pumps by mixed mechanisms of action. Small structural differences among the molecules can be critical in defining their behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Casalone
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Tiziano Vignolini
- LENS-European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, Via Nello Carrara 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Laura Braconi
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health-Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Lucia Gardini
- LENS-European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, Via Nello Carrara 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,National Institute of Optics-National Research Council, Largo Fermi 6, 50125 Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Capitanio
- LENS-European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, Via Nello Carrara 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, Via Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Francesco S Pavone
- LENS-European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, Via Nello Carrara 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,National Institute of Optics-National Research Council, Largo Fermi 6, 50125 Florence, Italy.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, Via Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Lisa Giovannelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health-Section of Pharmacology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Dei
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health-Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Teodori
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health-Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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Erba F, Moscatelli C, Agostinelli V, Iavazzo F, Ingeborg U, Trapè P, Bellucci S, D'Amato G, Dei S, Doretti V. Health promotion through collaborative health: a Tuscan model. Eur J Public Health 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckab165.377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
chronic diseases affect in Italy about 39.1% of the total population and 85.3% of the over 75 years. A new experimental approach has been studied that, through the communities, activate collaborative processes to improve the health and well-being of population. The ASL Toscana Sudest for the three years 2017-2020 has acquired from the Self-management Resource Center (SMRC, University of Stanford California) licenses for implementing self-management programs for chronically ill people. The training process is subject to quality control by SMRC with annual report.
Objectives
the goal is to train participants in the solution of problems, to make decisions, to set objectives and define priorities, to undertake actions for clinical-emotional management and its social role. The self-management education processes carried out have been addressed primarily to the diabetes program.
Results
57 conductors were trained through the administration of 30 hours of frontal lessons to nurses and lay people. Subsequently, the conductors implemented 77 programs in which a total of 750 people participated. Of these, 90% took part in at least four of the six seminars provided for in the program. In addition, a specific program has been launched for a group of 13 Bengali citizens resident in Italy with particular attention to the risk of development of dysmetabolic diseases and the possible correlation with Ramadan.
Conclusions
the engagement of the citizen in terms of Public Health manifests itself with a cumulative impact of small behavioral changes at the level of individuals, communities, and the population. Main message: the project aims to introduce the concept of ‘Collaborative Health' offering concrete examples of experiences already present in the Tuscan context, formulating possible recommendations for stakeholders for the innovation of the system and stimulating greater sustainability, appropriateness and equity of services and health models in Italy.
Key messages
Collaborative health is a winning strategy for health promotion. Chronic diseases are a main topic for health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Erba
- Department of Clinical Science and Traslational Medicine, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - C Moscatelli
- Departmental Area Health Promotion, AUSL SudEst, Tuscany, Grosseto, Italy
| | - V Agostinelli
- Department of Obstetric Nursing Professions, AUSL SudEst, Tuscany, Grosseto, Italy
| | - F Iavazzo
- Hospice Nottola Hospital, AUSL SudEst, Tuscany, Siena, Italy
| | - U Ingeborg
- Campostaggia Hospital, AUSL SudEst, Tuscany, Siena, Italy
| | - P Trapè
- Departmental Area Health Promotion, AUSL SudEst, Tuscany, Grosseto, Italy
| | - S Bellucci
- UOP Innovation and Research, AUSL SudEst, Tuscany, Grosseto, Italy
| | - G D'Amato
- Health Directorate, AUSL SudEst, Tuscany, Siena, Italy
| | - S Dei
- Health Directorate, AUSL SudEst, Tuscany, Siena, Italy
| | - V Doretti
- Departmental Area Health Promotion, AUSL SudEst, Tuscany, Grosseto, Italy
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Capperucci A, Coronnello M, Salvini F, Tanini D, Dei S, Teodori E, Giovannelli L. Synthesis of functionalised organochalcogenides and in vitro evaluation of their antioxidant activity. Bioorg Chem 2021; 110:104812. [PMID: 33744808 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Differently substituted β-hydroxy- and β-amino dialkyl and alkyl-aryl tellurides and selenides have been prepared through ring-opening reactions of epoxides and aziridines with selenium- or tellurium-centered nucleophiles. The antioxidant properties and the cytotoxicity of such compounds have been investigated on normal human dermal fibroblasts. Most of the studied compounds exhibited a low cytotoxicity and a number of them proved to be non-toxic, not showing any effect on cell viability even at the highest concentration used (100 μM). The obtained results showed a significant antioxidant potential of the selected organotellurium compounds, particularly evident under conditions of exogenously induced oxidative stress. The antioxidant activity of selenium-containing analogues of active tellurides has also been evaluated on cells, highlighting that the replacement of Se with Te brought about a significant increase in the peroxidase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Capperucci
- University of Florence, Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", Via della Lastruccia 3-13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
| | - Marcella Coronnello
- University of Florence, Department of Health Sciences - Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Firenze, Italy
| | - Francesca Salvini
- University of Florence, Department of Health Sciences - Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Firenze, Italy
| | - Damiano Tanini
- University of Florence, Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", Via della Lastruccia 3-13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy.
| | - Silvia Dei
- University of Florence, Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health - Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Teodori
- University of Florence, Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health - Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Lisa Giovannelli
- University of Florence, Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health - Section of Pharmacology, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Firenze, Italy
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19
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Chiaramonte N, Maach S, Biliotti C, Angeli A, Bartolucci G, Braconi L, Dei S, Teodori E, Supuran CT, Romanelli MN. Synthesis and carbonic anhydrase activating properties of a series of 2-amino-imidazolines structurally related to clonidine 1. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 35:1003-1010. [PMID: 32336172 PMCID: PMC7241460 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1749602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The Carbonic Anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) activating properties of histamine have been known for a long time. This compound has been extensively modified but only in few instances the imidazole ring has been replaced with other heterocycles. It was envisaged that the imidazoline ring could be a bioisoster of the imidazole moiety. Indeed, we report that clonidine, a 2-aminoimidazoline derivative, was found able to activate several human CA isoforms (hCA I, IV, VA, VII, IX, XII and XIII), with potency in the micromolar range, while it was inactive on hCA II. A series of 2-aminoimidazoline, structurally related to clonidine, was then synthesised and tested on selected hCA isoforms. The compounds were inactive on hCA II while displayed activating properties on hCA I, VA, VII and XIII, with KA values in the micromolar range. Two compounds (10 and 11) showed some preference for the hCA VA or VII isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccolò Chiaramonte
- Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Soumia Maach
- Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Caterina Biliotti
- Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Gianluca Bartolucci
- Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Laura Braconi
- Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Silvia Dei
- Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Teodori
- Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Maria Novella Romanelli
- Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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20
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Braconi L, Bartolucci G, Contino M, Chiaramonte N, Giampietro R, Manetti D, Perrone MG, Romanelli MN, Colabufo NA, Riganti C, Dei S, Teodori E. 6,7-Dimethoxy-2-phenethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline amides and corresponding ester isosteres as multidrug resistance reversers. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:974-992. [PMID: 32253945 PMCID: PMC7178819 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1747449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aiming to deepen the structure-activity relationships of the two P-glycoprotein (P-gp) modulators elacridar and tariquidar, a new series of amide and ester derivatives carrying a 6,7-dimethoxy-2-phenethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline scaffold linked to different methoxy-substituted aryl moieties were synthesised. The obtained compounds were evaluated for their P-gp interaction profile and selectivity towards the two other ABC transporters, multidrug-resistance-associated protein-1 and breast cancer resistance protein, showing to be very active and selective versus P-gp. Two amide derivatives, displaying the best P-gp activity, were tested in co-administration with the antineoplastic drug doxorubicin in different cancer cell lines, showing a significant sensitising activity towards doxorubicin. The investigation on the chemical stability of the derivatives towards spontaneous or enzymatic hydrolysis, showed that amides are stable in both models while some ester compounds were hydrolysed in human plasma. This study allowed us to identify two chemosensitizers that behave as non-transported substrates and are characterised by different selectivity profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Braconi
- NEUROFARBA Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Gianluca Bartolucci
- NEUROFARBA Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Niccolò Chiaramonte
- NEUROFARBA Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Roberta Giampietro
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “A. Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Dina Manetti
- NEUROFARBA Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Maria Novella Romanelli
- NEUROFARBA Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Dei
- NEUROFARBA Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Teodori
- NEUROFARBA Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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21
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Sanna F, Cabras F, Carai A, Marogna S, Musu A, Orefici E, Piredda G, Pittau P, Sini C, Urpis M, Pelagatti L, Santona M, Giobbe M, Bandinu L, Cau S, Canu L, Salis F, Dei S, Capelli F, Campoccia S. PO-0826: Hypofractionated radiotherapyfor HNSCC: a retrospective analysis of single Institution. Radiother Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)00843-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Dei S, Marchetti C, Monti G, Pifferi A, Moscatelli C, Pagliara C, Erba F, Michelangeli L, Lelli S, Doretti V. Gender-specific violence and/or abuse: strategy for dealing with a hidden phenomenon. Eur J Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Exposing episodes of violence against women or hate crimes was extremely difficult in the past, due to a lack of awareness in emergency departments, the absence of a social, institutional and health network, and poor communication by Anti-Violence Centers. Until about 10 years ago, professional skills employed to address this kind of episodes were strictly related to the specificity of the trauma reported (gynecological, orthopedic, surgical and psychiatric).
Purpose
introduce a necessary holistic approach, that takes into account all aspects of the issue that normally are completely overlooked.
Methods
The “Codice Rosa” project began in the Grosseto Health Department (Tuscany) on 2009. It ensured reserved access to the emergency room for victims of violence, in particular women, children and discriminated persons. Later, it evolved into a regional network for women who have suffered from gender-based violence and for victims of hate crime violence. The project currently includes all victims, no matter whether they access the sanitary service through the emergency room, ambulatory or ordinary hospitalization. It follows a precise alert procedure triggering subsequent steps over the territory, with the goal to ensure ongoing support and a global care scheme.
Results
from 2010 up to July 2019 in the Grosseto Health Department 3483 “Codice Rosa” (mistreatment, abuse, stalking) have been admitted, 3088 adults and 395 minors respectively. In Tuscany from 2012 up to July 2019, the Codice Rosa patients were 20162, 17305 adults and 2857 minors respectively.
Conclusions
The program operates synergistically with other entities, institutions and overall with the local network of Anti-Violence Centers and Social Services, in line with national and international directives. It has provided a strong contribution to the development of current national guidelines in Italy.
Key messages
Gender specific violence and hate crimes phenomenon have to be specifically addressed. Improving the regional/national networks among the various actors involved in the fight against gender violence and hate crimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dei
- Health Directorate, AUSL SudEst Tuscany, Arezzo, Italy
| | - C Marchetti
- UOC Health Promotion, AUSL SudEst Tuscany, Grosseto, Italy
| | - G Monti
- UOC Health Promotion, AUSL SudEst Tuscany, Grosseto, Italy
| | - A Pifferi
- UOC Health Promotion, AUSL SudEst Tuscany, Grosseto, Italy
| | - C Moscatelli
- UOC Health Promotion, AUSL SudEst Tuscany, Grosseto, Italy
| | - C Pagliara
- UOC Health Promotion, AUSL SudEst Tuscany, Grosseto, Italy
| | - F Erba
- Department of Clinical Science and Translational Medicine, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - L Michelangeli
- Department of Right of Health, Tuscany Region, Florence, Italy
| | - S Lelli
- Department of Right of Health, Tuscany Region, Florence, Italy
| | - V Doretti
- UOC Health Promotion, AUSL SudEst Tuscany, Grosseto, Italy
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23
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Casalone E, Vignolini T, Braconi L, Gardini L, Capitanio M, Pavone FS, Dei S, Teodori E. 1-benzyl-1,4-diazepane reduces the efflux of resistance-nodulation-cell division pumps in Escherichia coli. Future Microbiol 2020; 15:987-999. [PMID: 32840130 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2019-0296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To investigate the action mechanism of 1-benzyl-1,4-diazepane (1-BD) as efflux pump inhibitor (EPI) in Escherichia coli mutants: ΔacrAB or overexpressing AcrAB and AcrEF efflux pumps. Materials & methods: Effect of 1-BD on: antibiotic potentiation, by microdilution method; membrane functionality, by fluorimetric assays; ethidium bromide accumulation, by fluorometric real-time efflux assay; AcrB expression, by quantitative photoactivated localization microscopy. Results: 1-BD decreases the minimal inhibitory concentration of levofloxacin and other antibiotics and increase ethidium bromide accumulation in E. coli overexpressing efflux pumps but not in the ΔacrAB strain. 1-BD increases membranes permeability, without sensibly affecting inner membrane polarity and decreases acrAB transcription. Conclusion: 1-BD acts as an EPI in E. coli with a mixed mechanism, different from that of major reference EPIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Casalone
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Tiziano Vignolini
- LENS - European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy, Via Nello Carrara 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Laura Braconi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research & Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Via U. Schiff, 6 - 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Lucia Gardini
- LENS - European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy, Via Nello Carrara 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,National Institute of Optics-National Research Council, Largo Fermi 6, 50125 Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Capitanio
- LENS - European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy, Via Nello Carrara 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Florence, Via Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Francesco S Pavone
- LENS - European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy, Via Nello Carrara 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,National Institute of Optics-National Research Council, Largo Fermi 6, 50125 Florence, Italy.,Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Florence, Via Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Silvia Dei
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research & Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Via U. Schiff, 6 - 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Teodori
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research & Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Via U. Schiff, 6 - 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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24
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Matucci R, Bellucci C, Martino MV, Nesi M, Manetti D, Welzel J, Bartz U, Holze J, Tränkle C, Mohr K, Mazzolari A, Vistoli G, Dei S, Teodori E, Romanelli MN. Carbachol dimers with primary carbamate groups as homobivalent modulators of muscarinic receptors. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 883:173183. [PMID: 32534072 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Although agonists and antagonists of muscarinic receptors have been known for long time, there is renewed interest in compounds (such as allosteric or bitopic ligands, or biased agonists) able to differently and selectively modulate these receptors. As a continuation of our previous research, we designed a new series of dimers of the well-known cholinergic agonist carbachol. The new compounds were tested on the five cloned human muscarinic receptors (hM1-5) expressed in CHO cells by means of equilibrium binding experiments, showing a dependence of the binding affinity on the length and position of the linker connecting the two monomers. Kinetic binding studies revealed that some of the tested compounds were able to slow the rate of NMS dissociation, suggesting allosteric behavior, also supported by docking simulations. Assessment of ERK1/2 phosphorylation on hM1, hM2 and hM3 activation showed that the new compounds are endowed with muscarinic antagonist properties. At hM2 receptors, some compounds were able to stimulate GTPγS binding but not cAMP accumulation, suggesting a biased behavior. Classification, Molecular and cellular pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Matucci
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, 50139, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Cristina Bellucci
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Martino
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Marta Nesi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, 50139, Firenze, Italy
| | - Dina Manetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Jessica Welzel
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 3, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ulrike Bartz
- Department of Natural Sciences, H-BRS University of Applied Sciences, von-Liebig-Str. 20, 53359, Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Janine Holze
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 3, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Tränkle
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 3, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Klaus Mohr
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 3, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Angelica Mazzolari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Giulio Vistoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Dei
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Teodori
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Maria Novella Romanelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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25
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Kopecka J, Godel M, Dei S, Giampietro R, Belisario DC, Akman M, Contino M, Teodori E, Riganti C. Insights into P-Glycoprotein Inhibitors: New Inducers of Immunogenic Cell Death. Cells 2020; 9:cells9041033. [PMID: 32331368 PMCID: PMC7226521 DOI: 10.3390/cells9041033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin is a strong inducer of immunogenic cell death (ICD), but it is ineffective in P-glycoprotein (Pgp)-expressing cells. Indeed, Pgp effluxes doxorubicin and impairs the immunesensitizing functions of calreticulin (CRT), an "eat-me" signal mediating ICD. It is unknown if classical Pgp inhibitors, designed to reverse chemoresistance, may restore ICD. We addressed this question by using Pgp-expressing cancer cells, treated with Tariquidar, a clinically approved Pgp inhibitor, and R-3 compound, a N,N-bis(alkanol)amine aryl ester derivative with the same potency of Tariquidar as Pgp inhibitor. In Pgp-expressing/doxorubicin-resistant cells, Tariquidar and R-3 increased doxorubicin accumulation and toxicity, reduced Pgp activity, and increased CRT translocation and ATP and HMGB1 release. Unexpectedly, only R-3 promoted phagocytosis by dendritic cells and activation of antitumor CD8+T-lymphocytes. Although Tariquidar did not alter the amount of Pgp present on cell surface, R-3 promoted Pgp internalization and ubiquitination, disrupting its interaction with CRT. Pgp knock-out restores doxorubicin-induced ICD in MDA-MB-231/DX cells that recapitulated the phenotype of R-3-treated cells. Our work demonstrates that plasma membrane-associated Pgp prevents a complete ICD notwithstanding the release of ATP and HMGB1, and the exposure of CRT. Pharmacological compounds reducing Pgp activity and amount may act as promising chemo- and immunesensitizing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kopecka
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Torino, Italy; (J.K.); (M.G.); (D.C.B.); (M.A.)
| | - Martina Godel
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Torino, Italy; (J.K.); (M.G.); (D.C.B.); (M.A.)
| | - Silvia Dei
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutriceutical Sciences, University of Firenze, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (S.D.); (E.T.)
| | - Roberta Giampietro
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (R.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Dimas Carolina Belisario
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Torino, Italy; (J.K.); (M.G.); (D.C.B.); (M.A.)
| | - Muhlis Akman
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Torino, Italy; (J.K.); (M.G.); (D.C.B.); (M.A.)
| | - Marialessandra Contino
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (R.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Elisabetta Teodori
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutriceutical Sciences, University of Firenze, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (S.D.); (E.T.)
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Torino, Italy; (J.K.); (M.G.); (D.C.B.); (M.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-670-5857
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26
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Teodori E, Braconi L, Bua S, Lapucci A, Bartolucci G, Manetti D, Romanelli MN, Dei S, Supuran CT, Coronnello M. Dual P-Glycoprotein and CA XII Inhibitors: A New Strategy to Reverse the P-gp Mediated Multidrug Resistance (MDR) in Cancer Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071748. [PMID: 32290281 PMCID: PMC7181201 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new series of N,N-bis(alkanol)amine aryl diesters was synthesized and studied as dual P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and carbonic anhydrase XII inhibitors (CA XII). These hybrids should be able to synergistically overcome P-gp mediated multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer cells. It was reported that the efflux activity of P-gp could be modulated by CA XII, as the pH reduction caused by CA XII inhibition produces a significant decrease in P-gp ATPase activity. The new compounds reported here feature both P-gp and CA XII binding moieties. These hybrids contain a N,N-bis(alkanol)amine diester scaffold found in P-glycoprotein ligands and a coumarin or benzene sulfonamide moiety to target CA XII. Many compounds displayed a dual activity against P-gp and CA XII being active in the Rhd 123 uptake test on K562/DOX cells and in the hCA XII inhibition test. On LoVo/DOX cells, that overexpress both P-gp and CA XII, some coumarin derivatives showed a high MDR reversal effect in Rhd 123 uptake and doxorubicin cytotoxicity enhancement tests. In particular, compounds 7 and 8 showed higher activity than verapamil and were more potent on LoVo/DOX than on K562/DOX cells overexpressing only P-gp. They can be considered as valuable candidates for selective P-gp/CA XII inhibition in MDR cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Teodori
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child’s Health–Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy; (E.T.); (L.B.); (S.B.); (G.B.); (D.M.); (M.N.R.); (C.T.S.)
| | - Laura Braconi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child’s Health–Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy; (E.T.); (L.B.); (S.B.); (G.B.); (D.M.); (M.N.R.); (C.T.S.)
| | - Silvia Bua
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child’s Health–Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy; (E.T.); (L.B.); (S.B.); (G.B.); (D.M.); (M.N.R.); (C.T.S.)
| | - Andrea Lapucci
- Department of Health Sciences—Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Firenze, Italy; (A.L.); (M.C.)
| | - Gianluca Bartolucci
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child’s Health–Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy; (E.T.); (L.B.); (S.B.); (G.B.); (D.M.); (M.N.R.); (C.T.S.)
| | - Dina Manetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child’s Health–Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy; (E.T.); (L.B.); (S.B.); (G.B.); (D.M.); (M.N.R.); (C.T.S.)
| | - Maria Novella Romanelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child’s Health–Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy; (E.T.); (L.B.); (S.B.); (G.B.); (D.M.); (M.N.R.); (C.T.S.)
| | - Silvia Dei
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child’s Health–Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy; (E.T.); (L.B.); (S.B.); (G.B.); (D.M.); (M.N.R.); (C.T.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child’s Health–Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy; (E.T.); (L.B.); (S.B.); (G.B.); (D.M.); (M.N.R.); (C.T.S.)
| | - Marcella Coronnello
- Department of Health Sciences—Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Firenze, Italy; (A.L.); (M.C.)
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27
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Dei S, Braconi L, Romanelli MN, Teodori E. Recent advances in the search of BCRP- and dual P-gp/BCRP-based multidrug resistance modulators. Cancer Drug Resist 2019; 2:710-743. [PMID: 35582565 PMCID: PMC8992508 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2019.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of multidrug resistance (MDR) is one of the major challenges to the success of chemotherapy treatment of cancer. This phenomenon is often associated with the overexpression of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters P-gp (P-glycoprotein, ABCB1), multidrug resistance-associated protein 1, ABCC1 and breast cancer resistance protein, ABCG2 (BCRP). These transporters are constitutively expressed in many tissues playing relevant protective roles by the regulation of the permeability of biological membranes, but they are also overexpressed in malignant tissues. P-gp is the first efflux transporter discovered to be involved in cancer drug resistance, and over the years, inhibitors of this pump have been disclosed to administer them in combination with chemotherapeutic agents. Three generations of inhibitors of P-gp have been examined in preclinical and clinical studies; however, these trials have largely failed to demonstrate that coadministration of pump inhibitors elicits an improvement in therapeutic efficacy of antitumor agents, although some of the latest compounds show better results. Therefore, new and innovative strategies, such as the fallback to natural products and the discover of dual activity ligands emerged as new perspectives. BCRP is the most recently ABC protein identified to be involved in multidrug resistance. It is overexpressed in several haematological and solid tumours together with P-gp, threatening the therapeutic effectiveness of different chemotherapeutic drugs. The chemistry of recently described BCRP inhibitors and dual P-gp/BCRP inhibitors, as well as their preliminary pharmacological evaluation are discussed, and the most recent advances concerning these kinds of MDR modulators are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Dei
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health - Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino (FI) 50019, Italy
| | - Laura Braconi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health - Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino (FI) 50019, Italy
| | - Maria Novella Romanelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health - Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino (FI) 50019, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Teodori
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health - Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino (FI) 50019, Italy
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Chiaramonte N, Bua S, Angeli A, Ferraroni M, Picchioni I, Bartolucci G, Braconi L, Dei S, Teodori E, Supuran CT, Romanelli MN. Sulfonamides incorporating piperazine bioisosteres as potent human carbonic anhydrase I, II, IV and IX inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2019; 91:103130. [PMID: 31374520 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Starting from the molecular simplification of (R) 4-(3,4-dibenzylpiperazine-1-carbonyl)benzenesulfonamide 9a, a compound endowed with selectivity for human Carbonic Anhydrase (hCA) IV, a series of piperazines and 4-aminopiperidines carrying a 4-sulfamoylbenzamide moiety as Zn-binding group have been designed and tested on human isoforms hCA I, II, IV and IX, using a stopped flow CO2 hydrase assay. The aim of the work was to derive structure-activity relationships useful for designing isoform selective compounds. These structural modifications changed the selectivity profile of the analogues from hCA IV to hCA I and II, and improved potency. Several of the new compounds showed subnanomolar activity on hCA II. X-ray crystallography of ligand-hCAII complexes was used to compare the binding modes of the new piperazines and the previously synthesized 2-benzyl-piperazine analogues, explaining the inhibition profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccolò Chiaramonte
- University of Florence, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Silvia Bua
- University of Florence, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Andrea Angeli
- University of Florence, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Marta Ferraroni
- University of Florence, Department of Chemistry, via della Lastruccia, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Ilaria Picchioni
- University of Florence, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Gianluca Bartolucci
- University of Florence, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Laura Braconi
- University of Florence, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Silvia Dei
- University of Florence, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Teodori
- University of Florence, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- University of Florence, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Maria Novella Romanelli
- University of Florence, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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Dei S, Braconi L, Trezza A, Menicatti M, Contino M, Coronnello M, Chiaramonte N, Manetti D, Perrone MG, Romanelli MN, Udomtanakunchai C, Colabufo NA, Bartolucci G, Spiga O, Salerno M, Teodori E. Modulation of the spacer in N,N-bis(alkanol)amine aryl ester heterodimers led to the discovery of a series of highly potent P-glycoprotein-based multidrug resistance (MDR) modulators. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 172:71-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Romanelli MN, Del Lungo M, Guandalini L, Zobeiri M, Gyökeres A, Árpádffy-Lovas T, Koncz I, Sartiani L, Bartolucci G, Dei S, Manetti D, Teodori E, Budde T, Cerbai E. EC18 as a Tool To Understand the Role of HCN4 Channels in Mediating Hyperpolarization-Activated Current in Tissues. ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:584-589. [PMID: 30996800 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels are membrane proteins encoded by four genes (HCN1-4) and widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous system and in the heart. HCN channels are involved in several physiological functions, including the generation of rhythmic activity, and are considered important drug targets if compounds with isoform selectivity are developed. At present, however, few compounds are known, which are able to discriminate among HCN channel isoforms. The inclusion of the three-methylene chain of zatebradine into a cyclohexane ring gave a compound (3a) showing a 5-fold preference for HCN4 channels, and ability to selectively modulate Ih in different tissues. Compound 3a has been tested for its ability to reduce Ih and to interact with other ion channels in the heart and the central nervous system. Its preference for HCN4 channels makes this compound useful to elucidate the contribution of this isoform in the physiological and pathological processes involving hyperpolarization-activated current.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Novella Romanelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NeuroFarBa), University of Florence, Florence 50139, Italy
| | - Martina Del Lungo
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NeuroFarBa), University of Florence, Florence 50139, Italy
| | - Luca Guandalini
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NeuroFarBa), University of Florence, Florence 50139, Italy
| | - Mehrnoush Zobeiri
- Institute of Physiology I, Westfälische Wilhelms-University Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - András Gyökeres
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Tamás Árpádffy-Lovas
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Istvan Koncz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Laura Sartiani
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NeuroFarBa), University of Florence, Florence 50139, Italy
| | - Gianluca Bartolucci
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NeuroFarBa), University of Florence, Florence 50139, Italy
| | - Silvia Dei
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NeuroFarBa), University of Florence, Florence 50139, Italy
| | - Dina Manetti
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NeuroFarBa), University of Florence, Florence 50139, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Teodori
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NeuroFarBa), University of Florence, Florence 50139, Italy
| | - Thomas Budde
- Institute of Physiology I, Westfälische Wilhelms-University Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Elisabetta Cerbai
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NeuroFarBa), University of Florence, Florence 50139, Italy
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Manetti D, Garifulina A, Bartolucci G, Bazzicalupi C, Bellucci C, Chiaramonte N, Dei S, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Ghelardini C, Gratteri P, Spirova E, Shelukhina I, Teodori E, Varani K, Tsetlin V, Romanelli MN. New Rigid Nicotine Analogues, Carrying a Norbornane Moiety, Are Potent Agonists of α7 and α3* Nicotinic Receptors. J Med Chem 2019; 62:1887-1901. [PMID: 30681854 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A three-dimensional database search has been applied to design a series of endo- and exo-3-(pyridin-3-yl)bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-amines as nicotinic receptor ligands. The synthesized compounds were tested in radioligand binding assay on rat cortex against [3H]-cytisine and [3H]-methyllycaconitine to measure their affinity for α4β2* and α7* nicotinic receptors. The new derivatives showed some preference for the α4β2* over the α7* subtype, with their affinity being dependent on the endo/exo isomerism and on the methylation degree of the basic nitrogen. The endo primary amines displayed the lowest Ki values on both receptor subtypes. Selected compounds (1a, 2a, 3a, and 6a) were tested on heterologously expressed α4β2, α7, and α3β2 receptors and on SHSY-5Y cells. Compounds 1a and 2a showed α4β2 antagonistic properties while behaved as full agonists on recombinant α7 and on SHSY5Y cells. On the α3β2 subtype, only the chloro derivative 2a showed full agonist activity and submicromolar potency (EC50 = 0.43 μM). The primary amines described here represent new chemotypes for the α7 and α3* receptor subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Manetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences , University of Florence , Via Ugo Schiff 6 , 50019 Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
| | - Alexandra Garifulina
- Department of Molecular Basis of Neurosignaling, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry , Russian Academy of Sciences , Miklukho-Maklaya Street 16/10 , 117997 Moscow , Russia
| | - Gianluca Bartolucci
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences , University of Florence , Via Ugo Schiff 6 , 50019 Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
| | - Carla Bazzicalupi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" , University of Florence , Via della Lastruccia 3 , 50019 Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
| | - Cristina Bellucci
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences , University of Florence , Via Ugo Schiff 6 , 50019 Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
| | - Niccolò Chiaramonte
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences , University of Florence , Via Ugo Schiff 6 , 50019 Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
| | - Silvia Dei
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences , University of Florence , Via Ugo Schiff 6 , 50019 Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology , University of Florence , Viale G Pieraccini 6 , 50139 Firenze , Italy
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology , University of Florence , Viale G Pieraccini 6 , 50139 Firenze , Italy
| | - Paola Gratteri
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR , University of Firenze , Via Ugo Schiff 6 , 50019 Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
| | - Ekaterina Spirova
- Department of Molecular Basis of Neurosignaling, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry , Russian Academy of Sciences , Miklukho-Maklaya Street 16/10 , 117997 Moscow , Russia
| | - Irina Shelukhina
- Department of Molecular Basis of Neurosignaling, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry , Russian Academy of Sciences , Miklukho-Maklaya Street 16/10 , 117997 Moscow , Russia
| | - Elisabetta Teodori
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences , University of Florence , Via Ugo Schiff 6 , 50019 Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
| | - Katia Varani
- Institute of Pharmacology , University of Ferrara , Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19 , 44100 Ferrara , Italy
| | - Victor Tsetlin
- Department of Molecular Basis of Neurosignaling, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry , Russian Academy of Sciences , Miklukho-Maklaya Street 16/10 , 117997 Moscow , Russia
| | - Maria Novella Romanelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences , University of Florence , Via Ugo Schiff 6 , 50019 Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
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NISTICò F, Troiano G, Nante N, Dei S, Piacentini P. Effects of anticoagulation therapy with vitamin K antagonists on hospitalizations and emergency room accesses in Grosseto (Italy). J Prev Med Hyg 2018; 59:E88-E91. [PMID: 29938243 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2018.59.1.722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction A lot of drug groups are associated with preventable drug-related admissions. Coumarin derivatives, prescribed for the treatment and prevention of deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism or prevention of systemic embolism or stroke in patients with prosthetic heart valves or atrial fibrillation, are often associated with bleeding. The aim of our study was to analyze how the anticoagulant therapy with VKAs could affects the hospitalizations and the visits to emergency room in the elderly population (> 65 years old). Methods In 2013 we conducted a cross sectional study analyzing the database of all pharmaceutical prescriptions, selecting patients living in Grosseto (Italy), which received at least two prescriptions of coumarin derivatives in 2012. We analyzed the admissions to hospital and the accesses to the emergency rooms (ERs) made by each patient, focusing especially on those related to bleeding. For each access to ER we recorded the date, time of stay, diagnosis and outcome. For each hospitalization the information we recorded were the date of admission and discharge diagnosis. Results 3684 patients were included in our study. 261 (7.1%) patients visited the emergency room for bleeding; 37 (1%) for intracranial bleeding. The accesses made by men were higher than those made by women. The average time of stay in ER was 349 minutes. The admissions to hospital were 96 (2.6%); 42 (1.1%) were admitted to hospital with a diagnosis of major vascular event. 53 patients (20.3%), accessed to the ER more than one time. The 11.5% was admitted to the hospital more than one time. Conclusions Our study showed that VKAs are responsible of an increase of the accesses to ER and of the admissions to hospital. However, it would be interesting to enlarge the sample size including patients living in other provinces or in other regions, with a lower age and treated also with TSOACs, in order to evaluate the real cost-effectiveness of anticoagulant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- F NISTICò
- Demographic and Epidemiological System, AUSL Toscana Sud Est, Arezzo, Italy
| | - G Troiano
- Post Graduate School of Public Health, University of Siena, Italy
| | - N Nante
- Post Graduate School of Public Health, University of Siena, Italy
| | - S Dei
- AUSL Toscana Sud Est, Arezzo, Italy
| | - P Piacentini
- Demographic and Epidemiological System, AUSL Toscana Sud Est, Arezzo, Italy
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Tanini D, Grechi A, Ricci L, Dei S, Teodori E, Capperucci A. Novel functionalized organotellurides with enhanced thiol peroxidase catalytic activity. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj00700d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Novel tellurium-containing small molecules exhibited remarkable GPx-like activity. Their catalytic properties are strongly influenced by the nature of the β-substituent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiano Tanini
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Ugo Schiff”
- Università di Firenze
- 50019 Sesto Fiorentino
- Italy
| | - Anna Grechi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Ugo Schiff”
- Università di Firenze
- 50019 Sesto Fiorentino
- Italy
| | - Lorenzo Ricci
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Ugo Schiff”
- Università di Firenze
- 50019 Sesto Fiorentino
- Italy
| | - Silvia Dei
- NEUROFARBA – Dipartimento di Neuroscienze
- Psicologia
- Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino
- Sezione Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche
- Università di Firenze
| | - Elisabetta Teodori
- NEUROFARBA – Dipartimento di Neuroscienze
- Psicologia
- Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino
- Sezione Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche
- Università di Firenze
| | - Antonella Capperucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Ugo Schiff”
- Università di Firenze
- 50019 Sesto Fiorentino
- Italy
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Dei S, Romanelli MN, Manetti D, Chiaramonte N, Coronnello M, Salerno M, Teodori E. Design and synthesis of aminoester heterodimers containing flavone or chromone moieties as modulators of P-glycoprotein-based multidrug resistance (MDR). Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:50-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Nisticò F, Troiano G, Nante N, Dei S, Piacentini P. Vitamin K antagonists: impact on hospitalizations and accesses to emergency room. Eur J Public Health 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckx186.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- F Nisticò
- Demographic and Epidemiological System, AUSL Toscana Sud Est, Grosseto, Italy
| | - G Troiano
- Post Graduate School of Public Health, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - N Nante
- Post Graduate School of Public Health, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - S Dei
- AUSL Toscana Sud Est, Italy
| | - P Piacentini
- Demographic and Epidemiological System, AUSL Toscana Sud Est, Grosseto, Italy
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Bocci G, Kundisova L, Guadagni G, Stefani L, Cepollaro C, Nante N, Dei S, D'Amato MG. Blaylock risk assessment screening score as a predictor of length of hospital stay. Eur J Public Health 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckx187.446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G Bocci
- Post Graduate School of Public Health, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - L Kundisova
- Post Graduate School of Public Health, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - G Guadagni
- Post Graduate School of General Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - L Stefani
- Local Health Unit “Tuscany Southeast”, Siena, Italy
| | - C Cepollaro
- Local Health Unit “Tuscany Southeast”, Siena, Italy
| | - N Nante
- Post Graduate School of Public Health, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - S Dei
- Local Health Unit “Tuscany Southeast”, Siena, Italy
| | - MG D'Amato
- Local Health Unit “Tuscany Southeast”, Siena, Italy
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Tanini D, Grechi A, Dei S, Teodori E, Capperucci A. An easy one-step procedure for the synthesis of novel β-functionalised tellurides. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Teodori E, Dei S, Bartolucci G, Perrone MG, Manetti D, Romanelli MN, Contino M, Colabufo NA. Structure-Activity Relationship Studies on 6,7-Dimethoxy-2-phenethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline Derivatives as Multidrug Resistance Reversers. ChemMedChem 2017; 12:1369-1379. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Teodori
- Dipartimento NEUROFARBA-Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica; Università di Firenze; via Ugo Schiff 6 50019 Sesto Fiorentino FI Italy
| | - Silvia Dei
- Dipartimento NEUROFARBA-Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica; Università di Firenze; via Ugo Schiff 6 50019 Sesto Fiorentino FI Italy
| | - Gianluca Bartolucci
- Dipartimento NEUROFARBA-Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica; Università di Firenze; via Ugo Schiff 6 50019 Sesto Fiorentino FI Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Perrone
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco; Università degli Studi di Bari “A. Moro”; via Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Dina Manetti
- Dipartimento NEUROFARBA-Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica; Università di Firenze; via Ugo Schiff 6 50019 Sesto Fiorentino FI Italy
| | - Maria Novella Romanelli
- Dipartimento NEUROFARBA-Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica; Università di Firenze; via Ugo Schiff 6 50019 Sesto Fiorentino FI Italy
| | - Marialessandra Contino
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco; Università degli Studi di Bari “A. Moro”; via Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Nicola Antonio Colabufo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco; Università degli Studi di Bari “A. Moro”; via Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
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Martino MV, Guandalini L, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Menicatti M, Bartolucci G, Dei S, Manetti D, Teodori E, Ghelardini C, Romanelli MN. Piperazines as nootropic agents: New derivatives of the potent cognition-enhancer DM235 carrying hydrophilic substituents. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:1795-1803. [PMID: 28238510 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The piperazine ring of the potent nootropic drug DM235 has been decorated with H-bond donor and acceptor groups (CH2OH, CH2OMe, CH2OCOMe, COOEt); the aim was to insert new functional groups, suitable for further chemical manipulation. The influence of these modifications on nootropic activity was assessed by means of the mouse passive avoidance test; some of the newly synthesized molecules (alcohol 7b, acetate 8b and ester 10d) showed interesting in vivo potency. This makes it possible to use these functional groups for adding other residues, in order to increase molecular diversity, or for anchoring a biotin group, to obtain compounds useful to capture the biological target. Moreover, the new compounds will improve our knowledge of structure activity relationships of this family of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vittoria Martino
- University of Florence, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Luca Guandalini
- University of Florence, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- University of Florence, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Viale Gaetano Pieraccini 6, 50100 Florence, Italy
| | - Marta Menicatti
- University of Florence, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Gianluca Bartolucci
- University of Florence, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Silvia Dei
- University of Florence, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Dina Manetti
- University of Florence, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Teodori
- University of Florence, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- University of Florence, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Viale Gaetano Pieraccini 6, 50100 Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Novella Romanelli
- University of Florence, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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Teodori E, Dei S, Coronnello M, Floriddia E, Bartolucci G, Manetti D, Romanelli MN, Santo Domingo Porqueras D, Salerno M. N -alkanol- N -cyclohexanol amine aryl esters: Multidrug resistance (MDR) reversing agents with high potency and efficacy. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 127:586-598. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Fusi F, Durante M, Spiga O, Trezza A, Frosini M, Floriddia E, Teodori E, Dei S, Saponara S. In vitro and in silico analysis of the vascular effects of asymmetrical N,N-bis(alkanol)amine aryl esters, novel multidrug resistance-reverting agents. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2016; 389:1033-43. [PMID: 27351883 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-016-1266-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetrical N,N-bis(alkanol)amine aryl esters (FRA77, GDE6, and GDE19) are potent multidrug resistance (MDR) reversers. Their structures loosely remind that of the Ca(2+) antagonist verapamil. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate their vascular activity in vitro. Their effects on the mechanical activity of fresh and cultured rat aorta rings on Cav1.2 channel current (I Ca1.2) of A7r5 cells and their cytotoxicity on A7r5 and EA.hy926 cells were analyzed. Docking at the rat α1C subunit of the Cav1.2 channel was simulated in silico. Compounds tested were cytotoxic at concentrations >1 μM (FRA77, GDE6, GDE19) and >10 μM (verapamil) in EA.hy926 cells, or >10 μM (FRA77, GDE6, GDE19) and at 100 μM (verapamil) in A7r5 cells. In fresh rings, the three compounds partly antagonized phenylephrine and 60 mM K(+) (K60)-induced contraction at concentrations ≥1 and ≥3 μM, respectively. On the contrary, verapamil fully relaxed rings pre-contracted with both agents. In cultured rings, 10 μM GDE6, GDE19, FRA77, and verapamil significantly reduced the contractile response to both phenylephrine and K60. Similarly to verapamil, the three compounds docked at the α1C subunit, interacting with the same amino acids residues. FRA77, GDE6, and GDE19 inhibited I Ca1.2 with IC50 values 1 order of magnitude higher than that of verapamil. FRA77-, GDE6-, and GDE19-induced vascular effects occurred at concentrations that are at least 1 order of magnitude higher than those effectively reverting MDR. Though an unambiguous divergence between MDR reverting and vascular activity is of overwhelming importance, these findings consistently contribute to the design and synthesis of novel and potent chemosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Fusi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - M Durante
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - O Spiga
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, via A. Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - A Trezza
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, via A. Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - M Frosini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - E Floriddia
- Dipartimento NEUROFARBA-Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università di Firenze, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - E Teodori
- Dipartimento NEUROFARBA-Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università di Firenze, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - S Dei
- Dipartimento NEUROFARBA-Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università di Firenze, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - S Saponara
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy.
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Matucci R, Nesi M, Martino MV, Bellucci C, Manetti D, Ciuti E, Mazzolari A, Dei S, Guandalini L, Teodori E, Vistoli G, Romanelli MN. Carbachol dimers as homobivalent modulators of muscarinic receptors. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 108:90-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Manetti D, Bellucci C, Dei S, Teodori E, Varani K, Spirova E, Kudryavtsev D, Shelukhina I, Tsetlin V, Romanelli MN. New quinoline derivatives as nicotinic receptor modulators. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 110:246-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Menicatti M, Guandalini L, Dei S, Floriddia E, Teodori E, Traldi P, Bartolucci G. The power of energy-resolved tandem mass spectrometry experiments for resolution of isomers: the case of drug plasma stability investigation of multidrug resistance inhibitors. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2016; 30:423-432. [PMID: 26754136 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE A series of drug plasma stability experiments were carried out to evaluate the bioavailability of three multidrug resistance inhibitors. The studied compounds are positional isomers; therefore, a chromatographic separation or taking advantage of specific collisionally activated decomposition pathways, obtained by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) experiments, is necessary in order to resolve them. METHODS A method was developed for quantitative determination of the analytes in plasma using liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer operating in MS/MS mode. Different collisional approaches were employed based on the potentiality of a triple quadrupole system. Aside from the classical product ion spectroscopy, energy-resolved MS/MS experiments and a post-processing mathematical algorithm tool (LEDA) were used to distinguish among different kinds of inhibitors present in the sample batch. RESULTS The developed LC/MS/MS method showed precision between 1.8-7.9%, accuracy ranging from 92.8 to 99.9% and limit of detection (LOD) values in the range 1.0-1.4 ng mL(-1) for all the analytes. The evaluation of matrix effects demonstrated that the sample preparation procedure did not affect the ionization efficiency or recovery (matrix effects and recovery larger than 88%). Finally, the LEDA tool was able to differentiate among the isomers, ensuring their proper monitoring. CONCLUSIONS The proposed LC/MS/MS method was suitable for evaluating the stability of the analytes in plasma samples, although small concentration variations occurred. Furthermore, the investigation on the energetics of fragmentation pathways allowed the better product ions and optimal abundance ratios to be selected for LEDA application into a multi-component analysis. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Menicatti
- NEUROFARBA - Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino Sezione Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6,, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, (FI), Italy
| | - Luca Guandalini
- NEUROFARBA - Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino Sezione Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6,, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, (FI), Italy
| | - Silvia Dei
- NEUROFARBA - Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino Sezione Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6,, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, (FI), Italy
| | - Elisa Floriddia
- NEUROFARBA - Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino Sezione Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6,, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, (FI), Italy
| | - Elisabetta Teodori
- NEUROFARBA - Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino Sezione Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6,, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, (FI), Italy
| | - Pietro Traldi
- Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35100, Padova, Italy
| | - Gianluca Bartolucci
- NEUROFARBA - Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino Sezione Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6,, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, (FI), Italy
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Menicatti M, Guandalini L, Dei S, Floriddia E, Teodori E, Traldi P, Bartolucci G. Energy resolved tandem mass spectrometry experiments for resolution of isobaric compounds: a case of cis/trans isomerism. Eur J Mass Spectrom (Chichester) 2016; 22:235-243. [PMID: 27882889 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.1446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A series of N-alkanol-N-cyclohexanol amine aryl esters cis/trans isomers that showed high efficacy to reverse the acquired resistance of cancer cells during chemotherapeutic therapy (MDR mechanism) was studied. These compounds were two 1,4 cyclohexane cis/trans derivatives (named ELF26A and ELF26B, respectively), and their positional isomers (named ELF34A and ELF34B, respectively) where the aryl-moieties were exchanged. In order to evaluate the behaviour of these compounds during biological tests, a method based on liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS), operating in tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) mode, was developed. A unique chromatographic method suitable to separate the two pairs of cis/trans isomers was not achieved and the MS/MS experiments of the different compounds was not always able to characterise the different isomers. Therefore, a system of linear equations of deconvolution analysis (LEDA) tool was proposed to determine the relative proportions of individual cis/trans isomers in the sample. Considering the pharmaceutical interest of the compounds under investigation, the analytical method developed was tested to be effective at the active concentration levels, corresponding to a concentration of ng mL-1 of compound in a processed sample. Precision and accuracy of the LEDA algorithm at three levels of relative concentrations of analytes were checked, i.e. low-level (about 25% in the mixture), mid-level (about 50% in the mixture) and high-level (about 70% in the mixture). Evaluation of performances of the algorithm proved that the accuracy (between 88.3% and 99.9%) and precision (between 2.0% and 3.7%) for simultaneous analysis of the mixtures of the four isomers is feasible. It is worth highlighting that the choice of characteristic product ions and optimal abundance ratios plays an important role in the application of the LEDA approach. Therefore, performing an investigation on the energetics of fragmentation pathway allowed the selection of the better product ions for each analyte in terms of both sensitivity of detection and specificity, i.e. the capability to distinguish between isomeric compounds. Finally, the developed approach was applied to determine the relative proportions of individual cis/trans isomers in spiked human plasma samples. The results obtained confirm the reliability of the proposed method in biological samples as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Menicatti
- NEUROFARBA - Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino Sezione Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff, 6 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Luca Guandalini
- NEUROFARBA - Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino Sezione Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff, 6 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Silvia Dei
- NEUROFARBA - Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino Sezione Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff, 6 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Elisa Floriddia
- NEUROFARBA - Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino Sezione Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff, 6 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Elisabetta Teodori
- NEUROFARBA - Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino Sezione Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff, 6 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Pietro Traldi
- Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35100 Padova, Italy
| | - Gianluca Bartolucci
- NEUROFARBA - Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino Sezione Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff, 6 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy.
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Teodori E, Dei S, Floriddia E, Perrone MG, Manetti D, Romanelli MN, Contino M, Colabufo NA. Arylamino Esters As P-Glycoprotein Modulators: SAR Studies to Establish Requirements for Potency and Selectivity. ChemMedChem 2015; 10:1339-43. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Dei S, Coronnello M, Floriddia E, Bartolucci G, Bellucci C, Guandalini L, Manetti D, Romanelli MN, Salerno M, Bello I, Mini E, Teodori E. Multidrug resistance (MDR) reversers: High activity and efficacy in a series of asymmetrical N,N-bis(alkanol)amine aryl esters. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 87:398-412. [PMID: 25282263 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.09.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
As a continuation of our research on potent and efficacious P-gp-dependent multidrug resistance (MDR) reversers, several new N,N-bis(alkanol)amine aryl esters were designed and synthesized, varying the aromatic moieties or the length of the methylenic chain. The new compounds were tested on doxorubicin-resistant erythroleukemia K562 cells (K562/DOX) in the pirarubicin uptake assay, where most of the new compounds were shown to be active. In particular the asymmetrical compounds, characterized by two linkers of different length, generally showed fairly high activities as MDR reversers. Some selected compounds (isomers 15-17) were further studied by evaluating their doxorubicin cytotoxicity enhancement (reversal fold, RF) on the K562/DOX cell line. The results of both pharmacological assays indicate that compounds 16 (GDE6) and 17 (GDE19) could be interesting leads for the development of new P-gp dependent MDR modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Dei
- Dipartimento NEUROFARBA-Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy.
| | - Marcella Coronnello
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università di Firenze, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Firenze, Italy
| | - Elisa Floriddia
- Dipartimento NEUROFARBA-Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Gianluca Bartolucci
- Dipartimento NEUROFARBA-Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Cristina Bellucci
- Dipartimento NEUROFARBA-Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Luca Guandalini
- Dipartimento NEUROFARBA-Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Dina Manetti
- Dipartimento NEUROFARBA-Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Maria Novella Romanelli
- Dipartimento NEUROFARBA-Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Milena Salerno
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire CSPBAT, CNRS (UMR 7244), UFR-SMBH, 74 Rue Marcel Cachin, 93017 Bobigny, France
| | - Ivan Bello
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire CSPBAT, CNRS (UMR 7244), UFR-SMBH, 74 Rue Marcel Cachin, 93017 Bobigny, France
| | - Enrico Mini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università di Firenze, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Firenze, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Teodori
- Dipartimento NEUROFARBA-Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
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Guandalini L, Balliu M, Cellai C, Martino M, Nebbioso A, Mercurio C, Carafa V, Bartolucci G, Dei S, Manetti D, Teodori E, Scapecchi S, Altucci L, Paoletti F, Romanelli M. Design, synthesis and preliminary evaluation of a series of histone deacetylase inhibitors carrying a benzodiazepine ring. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 66:56-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Orlandi F, Coronnello M, Bellucci C, Dei S, Guandalini L, Manetti D, Martelli C, Romanelli MN, Scapecchi S, Salerno M, Menif H, Bello I, Mini E, Teodori E. New structure-activity relationship studies in a series of N,N-bis(cyclohexanol)amine aryl esters as potent reversers of P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance (MDR). Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 21:456-65. [PMID: 23245571 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Revised: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
As a continuation of previous research on a new series of potent and efficacious P-gp-dependent multidrug resistant (MDR) reversers with a N,N-bis(cyclohexanol)amine scaffold, we have designed and synthesized several analogs by modulation of the two aromatic moieties linked through ester functions to the N,N-bis(cyclohexanol)amine, aiming to optimize activity and to extend structure-activity relationships (SAR) within the series. This scaffold, when esterified with two different aromatic carboxylic acids, gives origin to four geometric isomers (cis/trans, trans/trans, cis/cis and trans/cis). The new compounds were tested on doxorubicin-resistant erythroleukemia K562 cells (K562/DOX) in the pirarubicin uptake assay. Most of them resulted in being potent modulators of the extrusion pump P-gp, showing potency values ([I](0.5)) in the submicromolar and nanomolar range. Of these, compounds 2b, 2c, 3d, 5a-d and 6d, showed excellent efficacy with a α(max) close to 1. Selected compounds (2d, 3a, 3b, 5a-d) were further studied to evaluate their doxorubicin cytotoxicity potentiation (RF) on doxorubicin-resistant erythroleukemia K562 cells and were found able to enhance significantly doxorubicin cytotoxicity on K562/DOX cells. The results of both pirarubicin uptake and the cytotoxicity assay, indicate that the new compounds of the series are potent P-gp-mediated MDR reversers. They present a structure with a mix of flexible and rigid moieties, a property that seems critical to allow the molecules to choose the most productive of the several binding modes possible in the transporter recognition site. In particular, compounds 5c and 5d, similar to the already reported analogous isomers 1c and 1d,(29) are potent and efficacious modulators of P-gp-dependent MDR and may be promising leads for the development of MDR-reversal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Orlandi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Firenze, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
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Martini E, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Bartolucci G, Bertucci C, Dei S, Ghelardini C, Guandalini L, Manetti D, Scapecchi S, Teodori E, Romanelli MN. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 3,7-Diazabicyclo[4.3.0]nonan-8-ones as Potential Nootropic and Analgesic Drugs. J Med Chem 2011; 54:2512-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jm101376k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Martini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Firenze, Italy
| | - Gianluca Bartolucci
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Carlo Bertucci
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Dei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Firenze, Italy
| | - Luca Guandalini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Dina Manetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Serena Scapecchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Teodori
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Maria Novella Romanelli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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