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Matucci R, Bellucci C, Martino MV, Nesi M, Manetti D, Welzel J, Bartz U, Holze J, Tränkle C, Mohr K, Mazzolari A, Vistoli G, Dei S, Teodori E, Romanelli MN. Carbachol dimers with primary carbamate groups as homobivalent modulators of muscarinic receptors. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 883:173183. [PMID: 32534072 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Although agonists and antagonists of muscarinic receptors have been known for long time, there is renewed interest in compounds (such as allosteric or bitopic ligands, or biased agonists) able to differently and selectively modulate these receptors. As a continuation of our previous research, we designed a new series of dimers of the well-known cholinergic agonist carbachol. The new compounds were tested on the five cloned human muscarinic receptors (hM1-5) expressed in CHO cells by means of equilibrium binding experiments, showing a dependence of the binding affinity on the length and position of the linker connecting the two monomers. Kinetic binding studies revealed that some of the tested compounds were able to slow the rate of NMS dissociation, suggesting allosteric behavior, also supported by docking simulations. Assessment of ERK1/2 phosphorylation on hM1, hM2 and hM3 activation showed that the new compounds are endowed with muscarinic antagonist properties. At hM2 receptors, some compounds were able to stimulate GTPγS binding but not cAMP accumulation, suggesting a biased behavior. Classification, Molecular and cellular pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Matucci
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, 50139, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Cristina Bellucci
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Martino
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Marta Nesi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, 50139, Firenze, Italy
| | - Dina Manetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Jessica Welzel
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 3, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ulrike Bartz
- Department of Natural Sciences, H-BRS University of Applied Sciences, von-Liebig-Str. 20, 53359, Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Janine Holze
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 3, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Tränkle
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 3, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Klaus Mohr
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 3, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Angelica Mazzolari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Giulio Vistoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Dei
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Teodori
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Maria Novella Romanelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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Manetti D, Garifulina A, Bartolucci G, Bazzicalupi C, Bellucci C, Chiaramonte N, Dei S, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Ghelardini C, Gratteri P, Spirova E, Shelukhina I, Teodori E, Varani K, Tsetlin V, Romanelli MN. New Rigid Nicotine Analogues, Carrying a Norbornane Moiety, Are Potent Agonists of α7 and α3* Nicotinic Receptors. J Med Chem 2019; 62:1887-1901. [PMID: 30681854 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A three-dimensional database search has been applied to design a series of endo- and exo-3-(pyridin-3-yl)bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-amines as nicotinic receptor ligands. The synthesized compounds were tested in radioligand binding assay on rat cortex against [3H]-cytisine and [3H]-methyllycaconitine to measure their affinity for α4β2* and α7* nicotinic receptors. The new derivatives showed some preference for the α4β2* over the α7* subtype, with their affinity being dependent on the endo/exo isomerism and on the methylation degree of the basic nitrogen. The endo primary amines displayed the lowest Ki values on both receptor subtypes. Selected compounds (1a, 2a, 3a, and 6a) were tested on heterologously expressed α4β2, α7, and α3β2 receptors and on SHSY-5Y cells. Compounds 1a and 2a showed α4β2 antagonistic properties while behaved as full agonists on recombinant α7 and on SHSY5Y cells. On the α3β2 subtype, only the chloro derivative 2a showed full agonist activity and submicromolar potency (EC50 = 0.43 μM). The primary amines described here represent new chemotypes for the α7 and α3* receptor subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Manetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences , University of Florence , Via Ugo Schiff 6 , 50019 Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
| | - Alexandra Garifulina
- Department of Molecular Basis of Neurosignaling, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry , Russian Academy of Sciences , Miklukho-Maklaya Street 16/10 , 117997 Moscow , Russia
| | - Gianluca Bartolucci
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences , University of Florence , Via Ugo Schiff 6 , 50019 Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
| | - Carla Bazzicalupi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" , University of Florence , Via della Lastruccia 3 , 50019 Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
| | - Cristina Bellucci
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences , University of Florence , Via Ugo Schiff 6 , 50019 Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
| | - Niccolò Chiaramonte
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences , University of Florence , Via Ugo Schiff 6 , 50019 Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
| | - Silvia Dei
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences , University of Florence , Via Ugo Schiff 6 , 50019 Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology , University of Florence , Viale G Pieraccini 6 , 50139 Firenze , Italy
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology , University of Florence , Viale G Pieraccini 6 , 50139 Firenze , Italy
| | - Paola Gratteri
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR , University of Firenze , Via Ugo Schiff 6 , 50019 Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
| | - Ekaterina Spirova
- Department of Molecular Basis of Neurosignaling, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry , Russian Academy of Sciences , Miklukho-Maklaya Street 16/10 , 117997 Moscow , Russia
| | - Irina Shelukhina
- Department of Molecular Basis of Neurosignaling, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry , Russian Academy of Sciences , Miklukho-Maklaya Street 16/10 , 117997 Moscow , Russia
| | - Elisabetta Teodori
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences , University of Florence , Via Ugo Schiff 6 , 50019 Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
| | - Katia Varani
- Institute of Pharmacology , University of Ferrara , Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19 , 44100 Ferrara , Italy
| | - Victor Tsetlin
- Department of Molecular Basis of Neurosignaling, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry , Russian Academy of Sciences , Miklukho-Maklaya Street 16/10 , 117997 Moscow , Russia
| | - Maria Novella Romanelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences , University of Florence , Via Ugo Schiff 6 , 50019 Sesto Fiorentino , Italy
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Aprile S, Canavesi R, Matucci R, Bellucci C, Del Grosso E, Grosa G. New insights in the metabolism of oxybutynin: evidence of N-oxidation of propargylamine moiety and rearrangement to enaminoketone. Xenobiotica 2017; 48:478-487. [PMID: 28608746 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2017.1342288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
1. Oxybutynin hydrochloride is an antimuscarinic agent prescribed to patients with an overactive bladder (OAB) and symptoms of urinary urge incontinence. Oxybutynin undergoes pre-systemic metabolism, and the N-desethyloxybutynin (Oxy-DE), is reported to have similar anticholinergic effects. 2. We revisited the oxidative metabolic fate of oxybutynin by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of incubations with rat and human liver fractions, and by measuring plasma and urine samples collected after oral administration of oxybutynin in rats. This investigation highlighted that not only N-deethylation but also N-oxidation participates in the clearance of oxybutynin after oral administration. 3. A new metabolic scheme for oxybutynin was delineated, identifying three distinct oxidative metabolic pathways: N-deethylation (Oxy-DE) followed by the oxidation of the secondary amine function to form the hydroxylamine (Oxy-HA), N-oxidation (Oxy-NO) followed by rearrangement of the tertiary propargylamine N-oxide moiety (Oxy-EK), and hydroxylation on the cyclohexyl ring. 4. The functional activity of Oxy-EK was investigated on the muscarinic receptors (M1-3) demonstrating its lack of antimuscarinic activity. 5. Despite the presence of the α,β-unsaturated function, Oxy-EK does not react with glutathione indicating that in the clearance of oxybutynin no reactive and potentially toxic metabolites were formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Aprile
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, University of Eastern Piedmont , Novara , Italy and
| | - Rossana Canavesi
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, University of Eastern Piedmont , Novara , Italy and
| | - Rosanna Matucci
- b Department of Neuroscience , Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, University of Florence , Firenze , Italy
| | - Cristina Bellucci
- b Department of Neuroscience , Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, University of Florence , Firenze , Italy
| | - Erika Del Grosso
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, University of Eastern Piedmont , Novara , Italy and
| | - Giorgio Grosa
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, University of Eastern Piedmont , Novara , Italy and
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Fairhall SL, Porter KB, Bellucci C, Mazzetti M, Cipolli C, Gobbini MI. Plastic reorganization of neural systems for perception of others in the congenitally blind. Neuroimage 2017; 158:126-135. [PMID: 28669909 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that the function of the core system for face perception might extend beyond visual face-perception to a broader role in person perception. To critically test the broader role of core face-system in person perception, we examined the role of the core system during the perception of others in 7 congenitally blind individuals and 15 sighted subjects by measuring their neural responses using fMRI while they listened to voices and performed identity and emotion recognition tasks. We hypothesised that in people who have had no visual experience of faces, core face-system areas may assume a role in the perception of others via voices. Results showed that emotions conveyed by voices can be decoded in homologues of the core face system only in the blind. Moreover, there was a specific enhancement of response to verbal as compared to non-verbal stimuli in bilateral fusiform face areas and the right posterior superior temporal sulcus showing that the core system also assumes some language-related functions in the blind. These results indicate that, in individuals with no history of visual experience, areas of the core system for face perception may assume a role in aspects of voice perception that are relevant to social cognition and perception of others' emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Fairhall
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Italy.
| | - K B Porter
- Department of Psychology, Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - C Bellucci
- Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale (DIMES), Medical School, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - M Mazzetti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale (DIMES), Medical School, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - C Cipolli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale (DIMES), Medical School, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - M I Gobbini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale (DIMES), Medical School, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.
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5
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Matucci R, Nesi M, Martino MV, Bellucci C, Manetti D, Ciuti E, Mazzolari A, Dei S, Guandalini L, Teodori E, Vistoli G, Romanelli MN. Carbachol dimers as homobivalent modulators of muscarinic receptors. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 108:90-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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6
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Manetti D, Bellucci C, Dei S, Teodori E, Varani K, Spirova E, Kudryavtsev D, Shelukhina I, Tsetlin V, Romanelli MN. New quinoline derivatives as nicotinic receptor modulators. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 110:246-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Bertozzi M, Magrini E, Bellucci C, Riccioni S, Appignani A. Recurrent Ipsilateral Ovarian Torsion: Case Report and Literature Review. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2015; 28:e197-201. [PMID: 26099697 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recurrent ipsilateral ovarian torsion at pediatric age is a rare event. Different surgical techniques for its prevention are available. We present a case of recurrent ipsilateral ovarian torsion in a prepubertal girl and we reviewed the literature about the management of this condition. CASE A 6-year-old girl presented with right ovarian torsion and underwent a laparoscopic untwisting. Nine months later an ipsilateral recurrence occurred. Laparoscopic untwisting and right-sided oophoropexy with plication to the round ligament was performed. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION In addition to our presented case, four cases of recurrent ipsilateral ovarian torsion in pediatric patients were identified in the literature. The few available reports in the pediatric literature show different management techniques. A long-term study is necessary to define the most effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Bertozzi
- S.C. di Clinica Chirurgica Pediatrica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Elisa Magrini
- S.C. di Clinica Chirurgica Pediatrica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Cristina Bellucci
- Sezione di Radiologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Radiologiche ed Odontostomatologiche, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Sara Riccioni
- Sezione di Radiologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Radiologiche ed Odontostomatologiche, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonino Appignani
- S.C. di Clinica Chirurgica Pediatrica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia, Perugia, Italy
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Defant A, Mancini I, Matucci R, Bellucci C, Dosi F, Malferrari D, Fabbri D. Muscarine-like compounds derived from a pyrolysis product of cellulose. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:6291-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00339c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Starting from a hydroxylactone anhydrosugar available from catalytic cellulose pyrolysis, five new muscarine-like compounds have been synthesized and studied for their binding affinity to human subtype muscarine receptors, obtaining results supported by docking calculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Defant
- Università degli studi di Trento
- Dipartimento di Fisica
- Laboratorio di Chimica Bioorganica
- Trento
- Italy
| | - Ines Mancini
- Università degli studi di Trento
- Dipartimento di Fisica
- Laboratorio di Chimica Bioorganica
- Trento
- Italy
| | - Rosanna Matucci
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze
- Psicologia
- Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino
- (NEUROFARBA)
- Università degli Studi di Firenze
| | - Cristina Bellucci
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze
- Psicologia
- Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino
- (NEUROFARBA)
- Università degli Studi di Firenze
| | - Federico Dosi
- Università degli studi di Trento
- Dipartimento di Fisica
- Laboratorio di Chimica Bioorganica
- Trento
- Italy
| | - Danilo Malferrari
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Industriale Energia e Ambiente (CIRI)
- 48123 Ravenna
- Italy
| | - Daniele Fabbri
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Industriale Energia e Ambiente (CIRI)
- 48123 Ravenna
- Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician” Alma Mater Studiorum
- Università di Bologna
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Dei S, Coronnello M, Floriddia E, Bartolucci G, Bellucci C, Guandalini L, Manetti D, Romanelli MN, Salerno M, Bello I, Mini E, Teodori E. Multidrug resistance (MDR) reversers: High activity and efficacy in a series of asymmetrical N,N-bis(alkanol)amine aryl esters. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 87:398-412. [PMID: 25282263 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.09.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
As a continuation of our research on potent and efficacious P-gp-dependent multidrug resistance (MDR) reversers, several new N,N-bis(alkanol)amine aryl esters were designed and synthesized, varying the aromatic moieties or the length of the methylenic chain. The new compounds were tested on doxorubicin-resistant erythroleukemia K562 cells (K562/DOX) in the pirarubicin uptake assay, where most of the new compounds were shown to be active. In particular the asymmetrical compounds, characterized by two linkers of different length, generally showed fairly high activities as MDR reversers. Some selected compounds (isomers 15-17) were further studied by evaluating their doxorubicin cytotoxicity enhancement (reversal fold, RF) on the K562/DOX cell line. The results of both pharmacological assays indicate that compounds 16 (GDE6) and 17 (GDE19) could be interesting leads for the development of new P-gp dependent MDR modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Dei
- Dipartimento NEUROFARBA-Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy.
| | - Marcella Coronnello
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università di Firenze, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Firenze, Italy
| | - Elisa Floriddia
- Dipartimento NEUROFARBA-Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Gianluca Bartolucci
- Dipartimento NEUROFARBA-Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Cristina Bellucci
- Dipartimento NEUROFARBA-Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Luca Guandalini
- Dipartimento NEUROFARBA-Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Dina Manetti
- Dipartimento NEUROFARBA-Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Maria Novella Romanelli
- Dipartimento NEUROFARBA-Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Milena Salerno
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire CSPBAT, CNRS (UMR 7244), UFR-SMBH, 74 Rue Marcel Cachin, 93017 Bobigny, France
| | - Ivan Bello
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire CSPBAT, CNRS (UMR 7244), UFR-SMBH, 74 Rue Marcel Cachin, 93017 Bobigny, France
| | - Enrico Mini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università di Firenze, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Firenze, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Teodori
- Dipartimento NEUROFARBA-Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
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Luca G, Lilli C, Bellucci C, Mancuso F, Calvitti M, Arato I, Falabella G, Giovagnoli S, Aglietti MC, Lumare A, Muzi G, Calafiore R, Bodo M. Toxicity of cadmium on Sertoli cell functional competence: an in vitro study. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2013; 27:805-816. [PMID: 24152845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), an ubiquitous environmental metal, mainly used for industrial purposes, may be toxic at level of the reproductive system. Testis tubular-based Sertoli cells (SC), play a major role in constituting the blood-testis barrier and provide a unique microenvironment for the genesis and differentiation of germ cells. Hence SC strictly control sperm qualitative and quantitative parameters. We aimed to assess whether exposure to Cd would adversely affect superior mammal SC viability and function. We isolated and purified SC from pre-pubertal pig testes according to our method and incubated the retrieved cells with three different Cadmium chloride concentrations (5-10-15 microM). Parameters of SC function such as inhibin B and anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) were depressed by Cd exposure, contrary to what observed in untreated controls. No impairment of the FSH receptor integrity on the SC, as assessed by 17-beta-estradiol production, upon stimulation with FSH, was observed in either 5 microM Cd-treated or untreated controls. Differences, on the contrary, were observed for higher Cd concentrations (10 and 15 mM), in terms of FSH receptor integrity, that was altered, as compared to untreated controls, in terms of lower production of 17-beta-estradiol. In addition, the apoptotic test showed a significant increase of early (ANNEXIN V-/Propidium Iodide+) (AV-/PI+) and late apoptotic cells (AV+/ PI+) in all Cd -treated SC conditions as compared to controls. In conclusion, the Cd -related toxicity on SC, clearly demonstrated by our study, even at low concentrations, is expected to damage spermatogenesis that directly is dependent upon retention of SC viability and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Luca
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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11
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Bellucci C, Arginelli F, Bassoli S, Magnoni C, Seidenari S. Dermoscopic yellow structures in basal cell carcinoma. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2013; 28:651-4. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.12092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Bellucci
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Modena Italy
| | - F. Arginelli
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Modena Italy
| | - S. Bassoli
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Modena Italy
| | - C. Magnoni
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Modena Italy
| | - S. Seidenari
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Modena Italy
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Orlandi F, Coronnello M, Bellucci C, Dei S, Guandalini L, Manetti D, Martelli C, Romanelli MN, Scapecchi S, Salerno M, Menif H, Bello I, Mini E, Teodori E. New structure-activity relationship studies in a series of N,N-bis(cyclohexanol)amine aryl esters as potent reversers of P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance (MDR). Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 21:456-65. [PMID: 23245571 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Revised: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
As a continuation of previous research on a new series of potent and efficacious P-gp-dependent multidrug resistant (MDR) reversers with a N,N-bis(cyclohexanol)amine scaffold, we have designed and synthesized several analogs by modulation of the two aromatic moieties linked through ester functions to the N,N-bis(cyclohexanol)amine, aiming to optimize activity and to extend structure-activity relationships (SAR) within the series. This scaffold, when esterified with two different aromatic carboxylic acids, gives origin to four geometric isomers (cis/trans, trans/trans, cis/cis and trans/cis). The new compounds were tested on doxorubicin-resistant erythroleukemia K562 cells (K562/DOX) in the pirarubicin uptake assay. Most of them resulted in being potent modulators of the extrusion pump P-gp, showing potency values ([I](0.5)) in the submicromolar and nanomolar range. Of these, compounds 2b, 2c, 3d, 5a-d and 6d, showed excellent efficacy with a α(max) close to 1. Selected compounds (2d, 3a, 3b, 5a-d) were further studied to evaluate their doxorubicin cytotoxicity potentiation (RF) on doxorubicin-resistant erythroleukemia K562 cells and were found able to enhance significantly doxorubicin cytotoxicity on K562/DOX cells. The results of both pirarubicin uptake and the cytotoxicity assay, indicate that the new compounds of the series are potent P-gp-mediated MDR reversers. They present a structure with a mix of flexible and rigid moieties, a property that seems critical to allow the molecules to choose the most productive of the several binding modes possible in the transporter recognition site. In particular, compounds 5c and 5d, similar to the already reported analogous isomers 1c and 1d,(29) are potent and efficacious modulators of P-gp-dependent MDR and may be promising leads for the development of MDR-reversal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Orlandi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Firenze, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
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13
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Bodo M, Lilli C, Calvitti M, Rosati E, Luca G, Lumare A, Gambelunghe A, Murgia N, Muzi G, Bellucci C. Silica particle size and shape: in vitro effects on extracellular matrix metabolism and viability of human bronchial epithelial cells. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2012; 26:681-692. [PMID: 23241118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Crystal micro-morphology and dimension of silica particles could be responsible for the high prevalence of silicosis as recently found among goldsmiths. In the present study we investigated two samples of silica particles with different surface sizes and shapes for their capacity to induce changes in ECM component production. In addition we investigated if their different effects could be related to cytotoxicity and apoptotic effects. Human bronchial epithelial cells were cultured with or without a sample of Silica used for casting gold jewellery, named in our experiments Silica P or a commercial sample of Silica with different physical and chemical properties, named in our experiments Silica F. After 48 h of exposure PCR analysis determined levels of several matrix components. As induction of the apoptosis cascade, annexin assay, caspase 3 activity and cellular cytoxicity by MTT assay were assayed. Silica F promoted fibronectin, MMP12, tenascin C and Integrins b5 gene expressions more than Silica P. Silica P stimulated more TGFß1 and its TGFßR1 receptor than Silica F. Cytotoxic effects were induced by the two samples of Silica. On the contrary, no alteration in classic apoptotic marker protein expression was observed in presence of either Silica F or Silica P, suggesting silica particles affect ECM production and metalloproteases through a mechanism that does not involve apoptotic activation. Different Silica micromorphology and TGFß signal pathway are linked to lung fibrotic effects but the potential role Silica in apoptotic and toxic reaction remains to be ascertained.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bodo
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
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14
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Scapecchi S, Nesi M, Matucci R, Bellucci C, Buccioni M, Dei S, Guandalini L, Manetti D, Martelli C, Martini E, Marucci G, Orlandi F, Romanelli MN, Teodori E, Cirilli R. Synthesis, affinity profile and functional activity of potent chiral muscarinic antagonists with a pyrrolidinylfuran structure. J Med Chem 2010; 53:201-7. [PMID: 19928767 DOI: 10.1021/jm901048j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Starting from the structure of previously studied muscarinic agonists, characterized by a pyrrolidinylfuran scaffold, a new series of muscarinic antagonists was synthesized by substituting the 5-position of the furane cycle with bulky hydrophobic groups. Both tertiary amines and the corresponding iodomethyl derivatives were obtained and studied. All the new compounds show high affinity toward cloned human muscarinic M(1)-M(5) receptors expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and behave as competitive antagonists on classical models of muscarinic receptors. The diastereoisomeric mixture of the highest affinity compound of the series was resolved into the four optical isomers by chiral HPLC. The relative and absolute configuration of the obtained compounds was established by means of a combined strategy based on X-ray crystallography and chiroptical techniques. Although generally fairly potent, the compounds showed only modest subtype selectivity, with the exception of 2a and 6a, which in functional assays presented clear-cut selectivity for the muscarinic receptors present in rabbit vas deferens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Scapecchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Universita di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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15
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Gobbini M, Gentili C, Ricciardi E, Bellucci C, Salvini P, Laschi C, Guazzelli M, Haxby J, Pietrini P. OVERLAPPING NEURAL RESPONSES TO ROBOTIC AND HUMAN FACIAL EXPRESSIONS. Neuroimage 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(09)71321-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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16
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Minarini A, Marucci G, Bellucci C, Giorgi G, Tumiatti V, Bolognesi ML, Matera R, Rosini M, Melchiorre C. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of pirenzepine analogs bearing a 1,2-cyclohexanediamine and perhydroquinoxaline units in exchange for the piperazine ring as antimuscarinics. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:7311-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2008] [Revised: 06/11/2008] [Accepted: 06/13/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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Scapecchi S, Nesi M, Matucci R, Bellucci C, Buccioni M, Dei S, Guandalini L, Manetti D, Martini E, Marucci G, Romanelli MN, Teodori E, Cirilli R. Synthesis and pharmacological characterization of chiral pyrrolidinylfuran derivatives: the discovery of new functionally selective muscarinic agonists. J Med Chem 2008; 51:3905-12. [PMID: 18543900 DOI: 10.1021/jm800145d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Building on the previously and successfully applied hypothesis that stereochemical complication in the proximity of the critical cationic head of a cholinergic agonist would result in subtype selective compounds, we synthesized a series of chiral derivatives of furmethide and 5-methylfurmethide, with the aim of obtaining compounds that are useful for treating diseases derived from cholinergic receptor dysfunctions and/or useful for further characterizing subtypes of cholinergic receptors. Unlike their parent compounds, the new molecules lack nicotinic activity, being pure muscarinic ligands. While binding studies on the five cloned human muscarinic receptors showed no subtype selectivity, functional assays revealed that some of the molecules of the series are potent M 2 selective partial agonists with interesting pharmacological profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Scapecchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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18
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Dei S, Bellucci C, Buccioni M, Ferraroni M, Guandalini L, Manetti D, Marucci G, Matucci R, Nesi M, Romanelli MN, Scapecchi S, Teodori E. Muscarinic antagonists with multiple stereocenters: Synthesis, affinity profile and functional activity of isomeric 1-methyl-2-(2,2-alkylaryl-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl)pyrrolidine sulfoxide derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:5490-500. [PMID: 18455407 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2007] [Revised: 04/02/2008] [Accepted: 04/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Completing a long-lasting research on 1,3-oxathiolane muscarinic ligands, we have synthesized a set of isomeric 1-methyl-2-(2,2-alkylaryl-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl)pyrrolidine 3-sulfoxide derivatives, containing three or four stereogenic centers. In general the compounds are very potent antagonists even if, unlike the corresponding agonists, they show modest subtype selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Dei
- Laboratorio di Progettazione, Sintesi e Studio di Eterocicli Biologicamente Attivi (HeteroBioLab), Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Firenze, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy.
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Tumiatti V, Minarini A, Milelli A, Rosini M, Buccioni M, Marucci G, Ghelardini C, Bellucci C, Melchiorre C. Structure–activity relationships of methoctramine-related polyamines as muscarinic antagonist: Effect of replacing the inner polymethylene chain with cyclic moieties. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:2312-21. [PMID: 17276075 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2006] [Revised: 01/08/2007] [Accepted: 01/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present paper was to investigate the role of the octamethylene spacer of methoctramine (1) on the biological profile. Thus, this spacer was incorporated into a dianiline or dipiperidine moiety to determine whether flexibility and the basicity of the inner nitrogen atoms are important determinants of potency with respect to muscarinic receptors. The most potent compound was 4, which displayed, in the functional assays, a comparable potency at muscarinic M(2) receptors with respect to 1, and, in the binding assays, a loss of potency and selectivity toward muscarinic M(1) and M(3) receptor subtypes. Both compounds were endowed with antinociceptive activity. Furthermore, in microdialysis tests in rat parietal cortex, they enhanced acetylcholine release, most likely by antagonizing presynaptic muscarinic receptor subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Tumiatti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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20
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Dei S, Bellucci C, Buccioni M, Ferraroni M, Guandalini L, Manetti D, Martini E, Marucci G, Matucci R, Nesi M, Romanelli MN, Scapecchi S, Teodori E. Synthesis, Affinity Profile, and Functional Activity of Muscarinic Antagonists with a 1-Methyl-2-(2,2-alkylaryl-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl)pyrrolidine Structure. J Med Chem 2007; 50:1409-13. [PMID: 17305327 DOI: 10.1021/jm061374r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Starting from a previously studied muscarinic ligand, characterized by a 1,3-oxathiolane nucleus, a new series of muscarinic antagonists were designed by increasing the stereochemical complexity of the molecules. A small library of enantiomeric and diastereomeric 2,2-diphenyl- and 2-cyclohexyl-2-phenyl substituted compounds was thus obtained. All the tested compounds show a high affinity toward cloned human muscarinic hm1-hm5 receptors expressed in CHO cells and a good antagonistic activity on functional assays, with a modest selectivity on rabbit vas deferens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Dei
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Firenze, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy.
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21
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Bodo M, Muzi G, Bellucci C, Lilli C, Calvitti M, Lumare A, Dell'Omo M, Gambelunghe A, Baroni T, Murgia N. Comparative in vitro studies on the fibrogenic effects of two samples of silica on epithelial bronchial cells. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2007; 21:97-104. [PMID: 18261261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The small dimension and particle shape of silica in gypsum used to prepare moulds for lost wax casting might be responsible for the high prevalence of silicosis in gold jewellery. To test this hypothesis, human pulmonary epithelial cell (BEAS-2B) cultures were exposed to two samples of silica with different crystal micro-morphologies: Silica Powder (Silica P) which is used in casting gold jewellery, and no powder Silica (Silica F). Extracellular matrix (ECM) production was evaluated using radio-labelled precursors and quantified by RT-PCR analysis. Expression of basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) and its receptor (FGFR2) was also evaluated. The results demonstrated Silica P particles had a very fine lamellar crystalline structure while Silica F was characterized by larger rounded crystals. Silica P stimulated collagen production significantly more than Silica F and downregulated laminin and metalloprotease expression. Both silica samples down-regulated FGF2 but only Silica F enhanced FGF2 receptor expression. In conclusion each Silica sample promoted a profibrotic lung microenvironment in a different manner and also elicited different FGF2 signalling pathways. The data confirm that different micromorphology of Silica particles affects the fibrogenic potential and the molecular mechanisms of dust pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bodo
- Department of Specialistic Medicine and Public Health, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
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22
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Scapecchi S, Matucci R, Bellucci C, Buccioni M, Dei S, Guandalini L, Martelli C, Manetti D, Martini E, Marucci G, Nesi M, Romanelli MN, Teodori E, Gualtieri F. Highly Chiral Muscarinic Ligands: The Discovery of (2S,2‘R,3‘S,5‘R)-1-Methyl-2-(2-methyl-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl)pyrrolidine 3-sulfoxide Methyl Iodide, a Potent, Functionally Selective, M2 Partial Agonist. J Med Chem 2006; 49:1925-31. [PMID: 16539379 DOI: 10.1021/jm0510878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
By further steric complication of previously studied highly chiral muscarinic agonists, we have obtained a small chiral library of enantiomeric and diasteromeric 1-methyl-2-(2-methyl-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl)pyrrolidine 3-sulfoxides. Binding studies on cloned human muscarinic receptors expressed in CHO cells show that the introduction of a fourth stereogenic center gives undetectable affinity for hm1, hm3, hm4 and hm5 subtypes while leaving a quite modest affinity only for hm2 subtypes. However, functional studies on model M1-M4 muscarinic tissues have shown that three compounds of the series [(-)-5, (-)-7, (+)-8] are endowed with functional activity and behave as M2 selective partial agonists. Among them, compound (2S,2'R,3'S,5'R)-1-methyl-2-(2-methyl-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl)pyrrolidine 3-sulfoxide methyl iodide [(+)-8] is particularly interesting, as it is a potent partial agonist on guinea pig atrium (force) (M2; pD2=7.65, alpha=0.41) while being a poor antagonist on M1, M3, and M4 model tissues (pKb<5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Scapecchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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23
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Dei S, Angeli P, Bellucci C, Buccioni M, Gualtieri F, Marucci G, Manetti D, Matucci R, Romanelli MN, Scapecchi S, Teodori E. Muscarinic subtype affinity and functional activity profile of 1-methyl-2-(2-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)pyrrolidine and 1-methyl-2-(2-methyl-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl)pyrrolidine derivatives. Biochem Pharmacol 2005; 69:1637-45. [PMID: 15896343 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2005.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2005] [Revised: 03/11/2005] [Accepted: 03/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Starting from two previously studied muscarinic full agonists, characterized by a 1,3-dioxolane ((+)-1) and a 1,3-oxathiolane ((+)-2) cycle, two new series of muscarinic ligands were designed, obtained by the steric complication of the parent compounds produced by freezing the aminoalkyl chain into a pyrrolidine ring. Both tertiary amines and the corresponding iodomethyl derivatives were synthesised and studied, and several compounds of the series which behaved as muscarinic agonists have been selected, on the basis of preliminary binding experiments on rat cortex homogenates, for the present work. Results are presented obtained from testing the affinity of the selected compounds against cloned human muscarinic receptors expressed in CHO cells, in order to evaluate subtype selectivity. Their functional activity on classical models of M1-M4 receptors, in guinea pig and rabbit tissues is also reported. With respect to parent compounds, the new molecules present some selectivity toward hm2 receptors; fair M2 selectivity is also evident in functional studies, where these compounds behave as partial agonists. Among the other compounds of the series (2S, 4'R, 2'S)-1,1-dimethyl-2-(2-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)pyrrolidinium iodide (-)-3 and (2R, 5'S, 2'S)-1-methyl-2-(2-methyl-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl)pyrrolidine (+)-5 present a promising pharmacological profile. Compound (-)-3 shows modest hm2 selectivity in binding experiments but a clearcut M2 selectivity in functional tests, where it behaves as a weak antagonist on M1 and M4 subtypes, as a weak full agonist on the M3 subtype and as a potent partial agonist on M2 subtype. Tertiary amine (+)-5 presents a quite similar profile but appears more interesting since, lacking a permanent charge on the nitrogen atom, it may represent an interesting tool to study CNS muscarinic receptors. Our results confirm that sterical complication of parent compounds (+)-1 and (+)-2 produces more selective muscarinic agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Dei
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Firenze, via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy.
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Scapecchi S, Martini E, Bellucci C, Buccioni M, Dei S, Guandalini L, Manetti D, Martelli C, Marucci G, Matucci R. Molecular modulation of muscarinic antagonists. Synthesis and affinity profile of 2,2-diphenyl-2-ethylthio-acetic acid esters designed to probe the binding site cavity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 59:971-80. [PMID: 15598432 DOI: 10.1016/j.farmac.2004.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2004] [Accepted: 08/05/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and preliminary pharmacological profile of a new series of muscarinic antagonists, derived from previously studied 2,2-diphenyl-2-ethylthio-acetic acid esters, are reported. The parent molecules were decorated with linkers of different length, carrying an amino group to catch a putative anionic function outside the recognition site of the receptor. It was hoped that the interception of this function would give molecules with higher potency and selectivity. The attempt has not been successful, but a new series of compounds with a peculiar pharmacological profile has been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Scapecchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
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Teodori E, Baldi E, Dei S, Gualtieri F, Romanelli MN, Scapecchi S, Bellucci C, Ghelardini C, Matucci R. Design, Synthesis, and Preliminary Pharmacological Evaluation of 4-Aminopiperidine Derivatives as N-Type Calcium Channel Blockers Active on Pain and Neuropathic Pain. J Med Chem 2004; 47:6070-81. [PMID: 15537361 DOI: 10.1021/jm049923l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Several compounds with a 4-aminopiperidine scaffold decorated on both nitrogen atoms by alkyl or acyl moieties containing the structural motifs of verapamil and of flunarizine, as well as those that are more frequent in known N-type calcium channel antagonists, have been synthesized. Antinociceptive activity on the mouse hot-plate test was used to select molecules to be submitted to further studies. Active compounds were tested in vitro on a PC12 rat pheochromocytoma clonal cell line, to evaluate their action on N-type calcium channels, and on a rat model of neuropathic pain. Two compounds that show N-type calcium channel antagonism and are endowed with potent action on pain and neuropathic pain (3 and 18) have been selected for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Teodori
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Firenze, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy.
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26
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Scapecchi S, Martelli C, Angeli P, Bellucci C, Buccioni M, Dei S, Gualtieri F, Marucci G, Matucci R, Romanelli M. Molecular Modulation of Muscarinic Antagonists. Synthesis and Pharmacological Profile of 2,2-diphenyl-2-ethylthioacetic and 3,3-diphenyl-3- ethylthiopropionic Acid Derivatives Characterized by a Dipeptide Spacer. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2004. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180043485527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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27
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Dei S, Bellucci C, Buccioni M, Ferraroni M, Gualtieri F, Guandalini L, Manetti D, Matucci R, Romanelli MN, Scapecchi S, Teodori E. Synthesis and cholinergic affinity of diastereomeric and enantiomeric isomers of 1-methyl-2-(2-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)- pyrrolidine, 1-methyl-2-(2-methyl-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl)pyrrolidine and of Their iodomethylates. Bioorg Med Chem 2003; 11:3153-64. [PMID: 12818678 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(03)00236-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Four out of the eight possible stereoisomers of 1-methyl-2-(2-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)pyrrolidine, 1-methyl-2-(2-methyl-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl)pyrrolidine and the corresponding iodomethylates have been synthesised. They were formally derived from hybridisation of potent though unselective agonists studied before, such as 1,3-dioxolane 1 and 1,3-oxathiolane 2, with the structure of nicotine. It was expected that, by exalting the molecular complexity of the parent compounds, in particular through stereochemical complication in the proximity of the critical cationic head of the molecule, the chance to find agonists able to discriminate among cholinergic receptors subtypes would increase. The relative and absolute configuration of the compounds obtained has been established by means of NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. In preliminary studies, their binding affinity has been evaluated on rat brain nicotinic and muscarinic receptors. While none of the compounds showed any nicotinic affinity up to the dose of 10 microM, most of the iodomethylates were endowed with promising affinity for the muscarinic receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Dei
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Firenze, Via Gino Capponi 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
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Abstract
AIM This study aimed to measure the thickness of radicular dentine and cementum in incisors, canines and premolars, and to develop geometric average models. METHODOLOGY The roots of 220 extracted human teeth were sectioned in three horizontal parallel planes and measured using an optical microscope. For each cut surface buccal, lingual, mesial, and distal thickness of the root wall was measured. Mean values of the thickness at each location of each cut surface were calculated. The observed differences in thickness by tooth type, location, and section were compared by ANOVA and Student's t-test. RESULTS Maxillary central incisors and maxillary canines had the greatest widths. In all teeth with a single root, the wall thickness were greater on the lingual side than the buccal side. Although differences between mesial and distal thicknesses were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Wall thickness varied greatly. The lingual surfaces of roots were larger. All roots had thin walls in the apical third.
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Abstract
The title compound, trans-[Ru(II)Cl(2)(N(1)-mepym)(4)] (mepym is 4-methylpyrimidine, C(5)H(6)N(2)), obtained from the reaction of trans,cis,cis-[Ru(II)Cl(2)(N(1)-mepym)(2)(SbPh(3))(2)] (Ph is phenyl) with excess mepym in ethanol, has fourfold crystallographic symmetry and has the four pyrimidine bases coordinated through N(1) and arranged in a propeller-like orientation. The Ru-N and Ru-Cl bond distances are 2.082 (2) and 2.400 (4) A, respectively. The methyl group, and the N(3) and Cl atoms are involved in intermolecular C-H...N and C-H...Cl hydrogen-bond interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bellucci
- Department of Chemical and Biosystem Sciences and Technologies, University of Siena, Via E. Bastianini 12, I-53100 Siena, Italy
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30
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Scapecchi S, Marucci G, Matucci R, Angeli P, Bellucci C, Buccioni M, Dei S, Gualtieri F, Manetti D, Romanelli MN, Teodori E. Structure–activity relationships in 2,2-diphenyl-2-ethylthioacetic acid esters unexpected agonistic activity in a series of muscarinic antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2001; 9:1165-74. [PMID: 11377175 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(00)00332-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
As a continuation of previous research on anticholinergic drugs derived from 2,2-diphenyl-2-ethylthioacetic acid, several 5,5-diphenyl-5-ethylthio-2-pentynamines (2-11) were synthetised and their antimuscarinic activity on M(1-4) receptor subtypes was evaluated by functional tests and binding experiments. One of the compounds obtained showed unexpected agonistic activity in functional experiments on M(2) receptors. Since the compound carried a phenylpiperazine moiety, other similar compounds (12-17) were prepared and found to be endowed with similar behaviour. These ligands, although possessing the bulky structure characterising muscarinic antagonists, display agonistic activity at M(2) subtypes while, as expected, behaving as antagonists on M(3) and M(4) subtypes. On M(1) subtypes, they show agonistic activity which, however, is not blocked by atropine. The peculiar pharmacological profile of these compounds is of interest for studying muscarinic receptor subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Scapecchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Universitá di Firenze, Via Gino Capponi 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
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31
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Bodo M, Baroni T, Carinci F, Becchetti E, Conte C, Bellucci C, Pezzetti F, Calvitti M, Bellocchio S, Stabellini G, Carinci P. Interleukin secretion, proteoglycan and procollagen alpha(1)(I) gene expression in Crouzon fibroblasts treated with basic fibroblast growth factor. Cytokine 2000; 12:1280-3. [PMID: 10930313 DOI: 10.1006/cyto.1999.0730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study provides the first evidence that fibroblasts obtained from patients affected by Crouzon syndrome, a rare craniosynostosis, despite mutations in the high-affinity bFGF receptor retain their capacity to respond to bFGF. The growth factor reduces IL-1 secretion, downregulates biglycan and procollagen alpha(1)(I), and increases betaglycan expression. Since betaglycan is a co-receptor for bFGF signalling, an alternative signal transduction pathway is suggested in Crouzon fibroblasts, to explain the documented changes in ECM macromolecule production.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bodo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Scienze Biochimiche, Università di Perugia, Italy.
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32
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Manetti D, Ghelardini C, Bartolini A, Bellucci C, Dei S, Galeotti N, Gualtieri F, Romanelli MN, Scapecchi S, Teodori E. Design, synthesis, and preliminary pharmacological evaluation of 1, 4-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]nonan-9-ones as a new class of highly potent nootropic agents. J Med Chem 2000; 43:1969-74. [PMID: 10821709 DOI: 10.1021/jm991170t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Several 4-substituted 1,4-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]nonan-9-ones have been synthesized and tested in vivo on mouse passive avoidance test, to evaluate their nootropic activity. The results show that they represent a new class of nootropic drugs with a pharmacological profile very similar to that of piracetam, showing much higher potency with respect to the reference. Among the compounds studied, 7 (DM 232) shows outstanding potency, being active at the dose of 0. 001 mg kg(-1) sc.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Manetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Firenze, Via G. Capponi 9, I-50121 Firenze, Italy
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33
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Bodo M, Baroni T, Carinci F, Becchetti E, Bellucci C, Pezzetti F, Conte C, Evangelisti R, Carinci P. TGFbeta isoforms and decorin gene expression are modified in fibroblasts obtained from non-syndromic cleft lip and palate subjects. J Dent Res 1999; 78:1783-90. [PMID: 10598907 DOI: 10.1177/00220345990780120401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Interaction between extracellular matrix (ECM) and cytokines is thought to be crucial for palatal development. The localization of transforming growth factors (TGFalpha and TGFbeta isoforms) in craniofacial tissues suggests that they carry out multiple functions during development. In the present report, we studied TGFalpha, TGFbeta1, and TGFbeta3 expressions and their effects on ECM macromolecule production of normal and cleft palatal fibroblasts in vitro, to investigate the mechanisms by which the phenotypic modulation of fibroblasts occurs during the cleft palate process. The results indicated that, while TGFalpha mRNA was not evidenced in CLP or normal fibroblasts, a reduced TGFbeta1 hybridization signal was detected in CLP fibroblasts. In addition, these secreted more active TGFbeta3 than TGFbeta1, as evaluated in a biological assay. The CLP phenotype, which differed from the normal one because of its higher PG decorin expression and greater production of GAG and collagen, was further modified by the addition of growth factors. In fact, in CLP fibroblasts, TGFalpha and TGFbeta1 down-regulated PG decorin transcript, TGFbeta1 increased collagen and GAG in both cellular and extracellular compartments, and TGFbeta3 promoted secretory processes of cells. In conclusion, the data represent the first report in a human model in vitro that TGFbeta1 and beta3 are differently expressed and are correlated to the CLP phenotype. Thus, strength is given to the hypothesis that TGFbeta isoforms are the potential inducers of phenotypic expression in palatal fibroblasts during development and that an autocrine growth factor production mechanism may be responsible for the phenotypic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bodo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Scienze Biochimiche-Università degli Studi di Perugia, Italy
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34
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Patti AM, Santi AL, Bellucci C, Ciapetti C, Fara GM, Germinario C, Calvario A, Lopalco PL, Barbuti S, Tanzi ML, Affanni P, Nieddu A, Bellelli E, Vellucci L, Caraffa De Stefano D. Serological survey on immunity status against polioviruses in Italian young adults and in immigrants. Ann Ig 1999; 11:353-9. [PMID: 10596422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A M Patti
- Inst. of Hygiene, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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35
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Patti AM, Santi AL, Bellucci C, Ciapetti C, Vulcano A, Giustini C, Mastroeni I, Adorisio E, Fara GM. Seroprevalence of hepatitis A virus infection in general population of Latium. Ann Ig 1999; 11:391-5. [PMID: 10596427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A M Patti
- Inst. of Hygiene, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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36
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Bodo M, Baroni T, Carinci F, Becchetti E, Bellucci C, Conte C, Pezzetti F, Evangelisti R, Tognon M, Carinci P. A regulatory role of fibroblast growth factor in the expression of decorin, biglycan, betaglycan and syndecan in osteoblasts from patients with Crouzon's syndrome. Eur J Cell Biol 1999; 78:323-30. [PMID: 10384983 DOI: 10.1016/s0171-9335(99)80066-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone development is controlled by the autocrine and/or paracrine effects of regulatory molecules. We previously showed that the phenotype of fibroblasts obtained from patients affected by Crouzon's syndrome, an autosomal dominant disease characterized by pathological skull bone development, differed from that of normal cells and was regulated by interleukin treatments. The changes in the relative concentrations of extracellular macromolecules (glycosaminoglycans-GAG, collagen and fibronectin) were associated with abnormal interleukin secretion that affected the microenvironment where the osteogenic processes take place. Mutations in human fibroblast growth factor receptors are now thought to be involved in Crouzon's syndrome. Since coactivation of interleukins and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is probably implicated in morphogenetic and osteogenic processes and heparan sulphate proteoglycans have a critical role in regulating bFGF activity, the phenotypes of normal and Crouzon osteoblasts were studied and the effects of bFGF on the expression of bFGF, procollagen alpha1 (I), and proteoglycan (PG) genes for biglycan, decorin, betaglycan and syndecan analyzed. Specific human cDNA probes were used to screen the relative levels of mRNA by Northern analysis. Spontaneous or bFGF-modulated release of interleukins was also assayed. The bFGF gene transcript was detected only in Crouzon osteoblasts. We showed for the first time that Crouzon osteoblasts, despite a mutation in the FGF receptor, still responded to exogenous bFGE In fact, the growth factor induced changes in the GAG profile and in the levels of mRNA coding for PG and procollagen alpha1 (I) and down-regulated heparan sulfate GAG chains. ELISA showed that bFGF-induced interleukin secretion differed in normal and Crouzon osteoblasts. The observed differences in PG core protein, procollagen alpha1 (I) and bFGF could be associated with the Crouzon bone phenotype and also should provide further understanding on the molecular basis of the diseased state of bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bodo
- Dipartimento di Morfologia ed Embriologia, Università di Ferrara, Italy.
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37
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Manetti D, Bartolini A, Borea PA, Bellucci C, Dei S, Ghelardini C, Gualtieri F, Romanelli MN, Scapecchi S, Teodori E, Varani K. Hybridized and isosteric analogues of N1-acetyl-N4-dimethyl-piperazinium iodide (ADMP) and N1-phenyl-N4-dimethyl-piperazinium iodide (DMPP) with central nicotinic action. Bioorg Med Chem 1999; 7:457-65. [PMID: 10220032 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(98)00259-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A series of piperazine derivatives, obtained by hybridization of N1-acetyl-N4-dimethyl-piperazinium iodide (1, ADMP) and N1-phenyl-N4-dimethyl-piperazinium iodide (3, DMPP) or of the corresponding tertiary bases (2, 4) with arecoline (5) and arecolone (6) or by isosteric substitution of the phenyl ring of DMPP, has been synthesized. Hybridization afforded compounds that, both as tertiary bases and as iodomethylates, have no affinity for the nicotinic receptor. On the contrary, isosteric substitution gave compounds that maintain affinity for the receptor; among them, two tertiary bases (37, 38), show affinity in the nanomolar range for the nicotinic receptor. The pharmacological profile of these isomeric compounds is quite interesting as they present differences in their peripheral and central effects, suggesting that they interact with different subtypes of the nicotinic receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Manetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Firenze, Italy
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38
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Evangelisti R, Valeno V, Bosi G, Baroni T, Bellucci C, Carinci P. Comparative effects of TGFbeta on proliferation of 7- and 14-day-old chick embryo fibroblasts and lack of involvement of the ODC/PA system in the TGFbeta signaling pathway. J Cell Physiol 1999; 178:304-10. [PMID: 9989776 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4652(199903)178:3<304::aid-jcp4>3.0.co;2-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The growth regulatory activity of transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) on chick embryo skin fibroblasts was compared in two developmental ages, days 7 and 14. The time course of 3H-thymidine incorporation, an S-phase marker of replication, was determined during 36 hr of TGFbeta treatment. Seven-day-old cells showed a prereplicative phase of 6 hr, and 14-day-old cells showed a prereplicative phase of 12 hr. DNA synthesis peaked at 24 hr in 7-day-old fibroblasts and was 10 times higher than that in 14-day-old fibroblasts. Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity and content of the natural polyamines spermine (Spm), spermidine (Spd), and putrescine (Put) differed during cell cycle. ODC activity peaked at 12 hr in 7-day-old cells and at 6 hr in 14-day-old cells. Its level was two times higher at day 7 and was associated with a greater content of ODC mRNA. The maximum of polyamine (PA) concentration was determined after 12 hr of treatment in 7-day-old cells and after 36 hr in 14-day-old cells. These findings indicate that the TGFbeta proliferative response of embryo fibroblasts changes during development and is associated with activation of the ODC/PA system. Cotreatment with alpha-difluoromethylornithine, an enzyme-activated irreversible inhibitor of ODC, did not reduced growth rate. Inhibition of ODC resulted in levels of Put and Spd comparable to that of quiescent fibroblasts, whereas Spm concentration remained higher. Because an altered ODC metabolism does not convey the effects of TGFbeta on DNA synthesis, the ODC/PA system may not play a role in the pathway of TGFbeta signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Evangelisti
- Dipartimento di Morfologia ed Embriologia, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Italy.
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39
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Ghelardini C, Galeotti N, Matucci R, Bellucci C, Gualtieri F, Capaccioli S, Quattrone A, Bartolini A. Antisense 'knockdowns' of M1 receptors induces transient anterograde amnesia in mice. Neuropharmacology 1999; 38:339-48. [PMID: 10219972 DOI: 10.1016/s0028-3908(98)00194-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The effect on memory processes of inactivation of the M1 gene by an antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotide (aODN) was investigated in the mouse passive avoidance test. Mice received a single intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of M1 aODN (0.3, 1.0 or 2.0 nmol per injection), degenerated ODN (dODN) or vehicle on days 1, 4 and 7. An amnesic effect, comparable to that produced by antimuscarinic drugs, was observed 12, 24, 48 and 72 h after the last i.c.v. aODN injection, whereas dODN and vehicle, used as controls, did not produce any effect. Reduction in the entrance latency to the dark compartment induced by aODN disappeared 7 days after the end of aODN treatment, which indicates the absence of any irreversible damage or toxicity caused by aODN. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated that a decrease in M1 mRNA levels occurred only in the aODN-treated group, being absent in all control groups. Furthermore, a reduction in M1 receptors was observed in the hippocampus of aODN-treated mice. Neither aODN, dODN nor vehicle produced any behavioral impairment of mice. These results indicate that the integrity and functionality of M1 receptors are fundamental in the modulation of memory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ghelardini
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Florence, Italy.
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40
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Scapecchi S, Giorgi A, Bellucci C, Dei S, Ghelardini C, Manetti D, Romanelli MN, Teodori E. Further structure-activity relationships in the series of tropanyl esters endowed with potent antinociceptive activity. Farmaco 1998; 53:764-72. [PMID: 10230057 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-827x(98)00106-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Several analogs of the alpha-tropanyl esters of 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)butyric acid (SM21) and 2-phenylthiobutyric acid (SM32), endowed with potent antinociceptive and cognition enhancing activity, were synthesized, aimed at obtaining more potent and safe drug candidates. Variation of the acyl moiety (4-11), as well as the conformational restriction of atropine to give the alpha-tropanyl ester of 2,3-dihydrobenzofurane-3-carboxylic acid (18), practically abolished activity. In the case of 18, the antimuscarinic activity was also severely affected by the conformation restrain. On the contrary, conformational restriction of phenoxybutyric and phenylthiobutyric acid derivatives to give the alpha-tropanyl ester of 2,3-dihydro-benzofurane-2-carboxylic acid and 2,3-dihydro-benzothiophene-2-carboxylic acid (12-17), afforded potent analgesic drugs that unfortunately were too toxic to be reliable drug candidates. A series of related esters of benzofurane-3-carboxylic acid (20-27) and benzothiophene-3-carboxylic acid (28) were also studied and found to be potent but toxic analgesics.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Scapecchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Firenze, Italy
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41
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Bodo M, Blasi E, Becchetti E, Giammarioli M, Conte C, Bellocchio S, Baroni T, Bellucci C, Bistoni F. Glycosaminoglycan profile in macrophages exposed to Candida albicans and interleukins. J Leukoc Biol 1998; 64:650-6. [PMID: 9823771 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.64.5.650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAG), are extracellular matrix macromolecules that affect the phagocytic properties of macrophages. In order to assess whether the interaction between macrophages and Candida albicans (iCa) provokes changes in the phenotype, we analyzed the GAG profiles in two macrophage lines, ANA-1 (from murine bone-marrow) and BV-2 (from murine brain). We also investigated GAG modulation by interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). During iCa treatment and even after the addition of ILs, ANA-1 accumulated less total GAG compared to controls. IL-1 treatment, combined with iCa exposure, induced a decrease in heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate chains, and an increase in the hyaluronic acid percentage. IL-6 treatment, with or without iCa, decreased the hyaluronic acid/sulfated GAG ratio. The GAG pattern in BV-2 appears to be different to ANA-1 and iCa exposure does not induce any difference in total GAG. The inhibitory effect induced by ILs on GAG synthesis is less than that observed in ANA-1 and the GAG elution profile is modulated to a lesser extent by treatment with ILs and/or iCa compared to the ANA-1. We suggest that the observed changes in the expression of the individual GAG classes may be responsible for the macrophage functional heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bodo
- Dipartimento di Morfologia ed Embriologia, Università di Ferrara, Italy.
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42
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Patti AM, Santi AL, Bellucci C, Pompa MG, Mastroeni I, Palestini M, Fara GM. Nosocomial transmission of HCV in hemodialysis centres. Ann Ig 1998; 10:147-54. [PMID: 9833339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A M Patti
- Inst. of Hygiene, University La Sapienza of Rome, Italy
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43
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Bodo M, Carinci P, Baroni T, Bellucci C, Giammarioli M, Pezzetti F, Becchetti E. Role of growth factors on extracellular matrix production by chick embryo fibroblasts in vitro. Antagonist effect of TGF-beta through the control of IL-1 and IL-1Ra secretion. Cytokine 1998; 10:353-60. [PMID: 9619373 DOI: 10.1006/cyto.1997.0301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Growth factors and extracellular matrix (ECM) macromolecules create specific environments that regulate cell proliferation and differentiation during embryonic development. This study had two main aims: (1) to characterize the phenotype of 7- and 13-day-old chick embryo fibroblasts treated with interleukin 1 (IL-1) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) evaluating in particular the neosynthesis of the total proteins and of the fibronectin (FN); (2) to examine the mechanisms through which transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) antagonizes the action of IL-1. The results show that protein neosynthesis and secretion is modulated by treatment with IL-1 and IL-6 only in 7-day-old fibroblasts. IL-1 favours cellular accumulation, while IL-6 promotes secretion more. FN, isolated by affinity chromatography and analysed by SDS-PAGE and flurography, is produced in greater concentrations by 7-day-old fibroblasts. Treatment with IL-1 promotes the accumulation of FN in the cellular compartment both at 7 and 13 days, while it stimulates the secretion only in 7-day-old fibroblasts. IL-6 only has a stimulating effect on the processes of accumulation and secretion on 13-day-old fibroblasts. The authors show in addition, that TFG-beta blocks the IL-1 induced inhibitory effect on glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and collagen production, evaluated with [3H]glucosamine and [3H]proline incorporation studies, respectively. The effect is evident when TGF-beta is added either before of with the cytokine. Analysis in cell culture supernatants, using specific ELISA kit and the study of the proliferative responses in mouse thymocytes, showed that TGF-beta induces its antagonist effects through a downregulation of IL-1 and/or an upregulation of IL-1 receptor antagonist protein (IL-1Ra). Considered as a whole the data indicate that the ILs and TGF-beta are involved in the physiological age-dependent accumulation of ECM and that the balance between the secreted cytokine network and IL-1Ra amount, may represent a homeostatic mechanism aimed at controlling normal embyrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bodo
- Istituto di Istologia ed Embriologia generale, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Italy
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44
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Bodo M, Carinci F, Baroni T, Becchetti E, Bellucci C, Giammarioli M, Pezzetti F, Tognon M, Carinci P. Interleukin pattern of Apert fibroblasts in vitro. Eur J Cell Biol 1998; 75:383-8. [PMID: 9628325 DOI: 10.1016/s0171-9335(98)80072-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The phenotype of cultured fibroblasts from patients affected by Apert's syndrome, a rare connective disorder, differs from that of normal cells in its extracellular matrix macromolecule composition (glycosaminoglycans, collagens and fibronectin) and is further modulated by treatment with interleukins (ILs). As the mechanisms responsible for the changes are unknown, we used our recently described model system for Apert periosteal fibroblasts to ascertain whether the pattern of ILs they secrete into the medium is comparable to that of normal fibroblasts. The results obtained by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) show that the levels of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were lower in Apert than in normal media, whereas levels of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), the natural inhibitor of IL-1, were markedly higher. IL-1 specific bio-activity on thymocyte proliferation was also decreased in Apert supernatants. As we provided also evidence that active transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta1), an IL-1 antagonist, was not secreted in greater amount in Apert media with respect to normals, the enhancement of IL-1ra appeared critical in down-regulating IL-1. Northern blot analysis of cytokine mRNA revealed no detectable IL-1 or IL-6 gene expression in normal fibroblasts, but high amounts of IL-6 mRNA transcripts in Apert cells. As the increased IL-6 gene expression did not translate into a parallel increase of secreted IL-6, the control of IL-6 secretion may be mainly post-transcriptional. Furthermore, the result that a treatment of the cultures with IL-1ra was able to induce a decrease of IL-6 secretion, suggests that the observed decreased secretion of IL-6 may be due to the autocrine action of overproduction of IL-1ra. The observed imbalance in the production of ILs which we show for the first time suggests ILs may be the natural autocrine regulators of ECM production in Apert fibroblasts. We hypothesize that in vitro differences previously reported in fibroblast phenotypes and several clinical features of Apert's syndrome may correlate with different cytokine patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bodo
- Istituto di Istologia ed Embriologia generale, Università di Ferrara, Italy
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45
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Ghelardini C, Galeotti N, Gualtieri F, Marchese V, Bellucci C, Bartolini A. Antinociceptive and antiamnesic properties of the presynaptic cholinergic amplifier PG-9. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1998; 284:806-16. [PMID: 9495837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The antinociceptive effect of 3 alpha-tropyl 2-(p-bromophenyl)propionate [(+/-)-PG-9] (10-40 mg kg-1 s.c.; 30-60 mg kg-1 p.o.; 10-30 mg kg-1 i.v.; 10-30 micrograms/mouse i.c.v.) was examined in mice, rats and guinea pigs by use of the hot-plate, abdominal-constriction, tail-flick and paw-pressure tests. (+/-)-PG-9 antinociception peaked 15 min after injection and then slowly diminished. The antinociception produced by (+/-)-PG-9 was prevented by the unselective muscarinic antagonist atropine, the M1-selective antagonists pirenzepine and dicyclomine and the acetylcholine depletor hemicholinium-3, but not by the opioid antagonist naloxone, the gamma-aminobutyric acidB antagonist 3-aminopropyl-diethoxy-methyl-phosphinic acid, the H3 agonist R-(alpha)-methylhistamine, the D2 antagonist quinpirole, the 5-hydroxytryptamine4 antagonist 2-methoxy-4-amino-5-chlorobenzoic acid 2-(diethylamino)ethyl ester hydrochloride, the 5-hydroxytryptamin1A antagonist 1-(2-methoxyphenyl)-4-[4-(2-phthalimido)butyl]piperazine hydrobromide and the polyamines depletor reserpine. Based on these data, it can be postulated that (+/-)-PG-9 exerted an antinociceptive effect mediated by a central potentiation of cholinergic transmission. (+/-)-PG-9 (10-40 mg kg-1 i.p.) was able to prevent amnesia induced by scopolamine (1 mg kg-1 i.p.) and dicyclomine (2 mg kg-1 i.p.) in the mouse passive-avoidance test. Affinity profiles of (+/-)-PG-9 for muscarinic receptor subtypes, determined by functional studies (rabbit vas deferens for M1, guinea pig atrium for M2, guinea pig ileum for M3 and immature guinea pig uterus for putative M4), have shown an M4/M1 selectivity ratio of 10.2 that might be responsible for the antinociception and the anti-amnesic effect induced by (+/-)-PG-9 through an increase in acetylcholine extracellular levels. In the antinociceptive and antiamnesic dose range, (+/-)-PG-9 did not impair mouse performance evaluated by the rota-rod test and Animex apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ghelardini
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Florence, Italy
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Abstract
The pharmacological profile of the competitive muscarinic antagonist (2S, 3'R) 3-quinuclidinyl tropate, abbreviated (-)-2a, was evaluated on rabbit vas deferens (M1/M4-like; pA2=9.10), guinea-pig left atrium (M2; pA2=9.30), guinea-pig ileum (M3; pA2=10.33) and guinea-pig uterus (M4 putative; pA2=9.70) muscarinic receptors and on the five subtypes of muscarinic receptors expressed individually in CHO-K1 cells. The drug shows an affinity for the M3 receptor subtype at least 10-fold higher than 4-DAMP, p-HHSiD and zamifenacin, used as reference drugs. These results suggest (-)-2a as a novel, potent and selective M3 antagonist that may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of conditions associated with increased smooth muscle contractility.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ghelardini
- Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, Florence, Italy
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Dei S, Bartolini A, Bellucci C, Ghelardini C, Gualtieri F, Manetti D, Romanelli M, Scapecchi S, Teodori E. Differential analgesic activity of the enantiomers of atropine derivatives does not correlate with their muscarinic subtype selectivity. Eur J Med Chem 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0223-5234(97)83285-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Ghelardini C, Galeotti N, Gualtieri F, Bellucci C, Manetti D, Giotti A, Malmberg-Aiello P, Galli A, Bartolini A. Antinociceptive profile of 3-alpha-tropanyl 2-(4-Cl-phenoxy)butyrate (SM-21) [corrected]: a novel analgesic with a presynaptic cholinergic mechanism of action. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1997; 282:430-9. [PMID: 9223584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The antinociceptive effect of (+/-)-3-alpha-tropanyl 2-(4-Cl-phenoxy)butyrate [corrected] (SM-21) (10-40 mg kg(-1) s.c., 10-30 mg kg(-1) i.p., 20-60 mg kg(-1) p.o., 3-20 mg kg(-1) i.v. and 5-20 microg per mouse i.c.v.) was examined in rodents and guinea pigs by using the hot-plate, abdominal constriction, tail-flick and paw-pressure tests. The antinociception produced by (+/-)-SM-21 was prevented by atropine, pirenzepine and hemicholinium-3 but not by quinpirole, R-(alpha)-methylhistamine, [1-[2(methylsufonyl)amino]ethyl]-4-piperidinyl]methyl-5-floro++ +-2-methoxy-1H-indole-3-carboxylate hydrochloride, N6-cyclopentyladenosine, 1-(2-methoxyphenyl)-4-[4-(2-phthalimido)butyl]piperazine hydrobromide, naloxone, 3-aminopropyl-diethoxy-methyl-phosphinic acid or reserpine. On the basis of the above data, it can be postulated that (+/-)-SM-21 exerted an antinociceptive effect mediated by a central potentiation of cholinergic transmission. Affinity profiles of (+/-)-SM-21 for muscarinic receptor subtypes, determined by functional studies (rabbit vas deferens for M1, guinea pig atrium for M2, guinea pig ileum for M3 and immature guinea pig uterus for putative M4) have shown a selectivity ratio M2/M1 of 4.6 that, although very low, might be responsible for the antinociception induced by (+/-)-SM-21 through an increase in ACh extracellular levels. In the antinociceptive dose range, (+/-)-SM-21 did not impair mouse performance evaluated by the rota-rod and hole-board tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ghelardini
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Florence, Italy
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Bodo M, Carinci F, Baroni T, Giammarioli M, Bellucci C, Bosi G, Pezzetti F, Becchetti E, Evangelisti R, Carinci P. Apert's syndrome: differential in vitro production of matrix macromolecules and its regulation by interleukins. Eur J Clin Invest 1997; 27:36-42. [PMID: 9041375 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2362.1997.660618.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
During embryonic development, variations in the composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) macromolecules influence bone tissue differentiation. We present novel findings on the in vitro phenotypic expression of periosteal fibroblasts obtained from patients affected by Apert's syndrome, a rare craniofacial malformation, and the effects that interleukins (ILs) induce on the phenotype. Apert fibroblasts synthesized greater quantities of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and intracellular type I collagen, and also produced more type III collagen and fibronectin. The amount of hyaluronic acid (HA) secreted by Apert fibroblasts was much higher than that secreted by normal fibroblasts, but, as the absolute values of heparan sulphate (HS), chondroitin sulphate (CS) and dermatan sulphate (DS) also rose in Apert media, the HA-sulphated GAG ratio was similar in the media obtained from both populations. Both ILs triggered elevations of HA in normal cells, although relative percentage secretion remained unaltered, but significantly reduced HA secretion by Apert cells. IL-1 significantly increased CS in normal and Apert media, whereas IL-6 enhanced HS and DS in media of both populations. HA-sulphated GAG ratio decreased in Apert media after IL treatment. Both ILs boosted fibronectin production by Apert fibroblasts, whereas IL-1 increased type III but not type I collagen. Taken together, these data demonstrate that the synthesis and secretion of ECM macromolecules are markedly altered in Apert fibroblasts. The fact that treatment with ILs further modifies the Apert phenotype suggests that ILs may be implicated in the pathophysiology of the malformations during skull morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bodo
- Istituto di Istologia ed Embriologia generale, Universita degli Studi di Ferrara, Italy
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