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Xu Y, Zhang J, Hu Y, Li X, Sun L, Peng Y, Sun Y, Liu B, Bian Z, Rong Z. Single-cell transcriptome analysis reveals the dynamics of human immune cells during early fetal skin development. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109524. [PMID: 34380039 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system of skin develops in stages in mice. However, the developmental dynamics of immune cells in human skin remains elusive. Here, we perform transcriptome profiling of CD45+ hematopoietic cells in human fetal skin at an estimated gestational age of 10-17 weeks by single-cell RNA sequencing. A total of 13 immune cell types are identified. Skin macrophages show dynamic heterogeneity over the course of skin development. A major shift in lymphoid cell developmental states occurs from the first to the second trimester that implies an in situ differentiation process. Gene expression analysis reveals a typical developmental program in immune cells in accordance with their functional maturation, possibly involving metabolic reprogramming. Finally, we identify transcription factors (TFs) that potentially regulate cellular transitions by comparing TFs and TF target gene networks. These findings provide detailed insight into how the immune system of the human skin is established during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingping Xu
- Experimental Research Center, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510091, China.
| | - Jun Zhang
- Experimental Research Center, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510091, China
| | - Yongfei Hu
- Experimental Research Center, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510091, China
| | - Xuefei Li
- Experimental Research Center, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510091, China
| | - Lihua Sun
- Development of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Nanhai Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 528200, China
| | - Yu Peng
- Experimental Research Center, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510091, China
| | - Yuzhe Sun
- Experimental Research Center, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510091, China
| | - Bing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Zhilei Bian
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
| | - Zhili Rong
- Experimental Research Center, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510091, China; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research (Ministry of Education), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou 510005, China.
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2
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Jacob T, Chakravarty A, Panchal A, Patil M, Ghodadra G, Sudhakaran J, Nuesslein-Volhard C. Zebrafish twist2/dermo1 regulates scale shape and scale organization during skin development and regeneration. Cells Dev 2021; 166:203684. [PMID: 33994357 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2021.203684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Scales are skin appendages in fishes that evolutionarily predate feathers in birds and hair in mammals. Zebrafish scales are dermal in origin and develop during metamorphosis. Understanding regulation of scale development in zebrafish offers an exciting possibility of unraveling how the mechanisms of skin appendage formation evolved in lower vertebrates and whether these mechanisms remained conserved in birds and mammals. Here we have investigated the expression and function of twist 2/dermo1 gene - known for its function in feather and hair formation - in scale development and regeneration. We show that of the four zebrafish twist paralogues, twist2/dermo1 and twist3 are expressed in the scale forming cells during scale development. Their expression is also upregulated during scale regeneration. Our knockout analysis reveals that twist2/dermo1 gene functions in the maintenance of the scale shape and organization during development as well as regeneration. We further show that the expression of twist2/dermo1 and twist3 is regulated by Wnt signaling. Our results demonstrate that the function of twist2/dermo1 in skin appendage formation, presumably under regulation of Wnt signaling, originated during evolution of basal vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tressa Jacob
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Pune (IISER-Pune), Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India.
| | - Antara Chakravarty
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Pune (IISER-Pune), Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Ankita Panchal
- Dr. Vikram Sarabhai Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Gujarat, India
| | - Manjiri Patil
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Pune (IISER-Pune), Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Gautami Ghodadra
- Dr. Vikram Sarabhai Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Gujarat, India
| | - Jyotish Sudhakaran
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Pune (IISER-Pune), Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
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3
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Kawakami H, Nishizawa S, Hikita A, Hoshi K. Histochemical and Morphometrical Analyses of Scarless Wound Healing in Mouse Fetal Model. Tokai J Exp Clin Med 2021; 46:33-43. [PMID: 33835474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Scar formation is an inevitable outcome after craniofacial surgery in the congenital facial anomaly. Scarless healing is the ultimate treatment after the surgery. Therefore, we elucidate the mechanism underlying scarless healing during fetal development. METHODS A full-thickness back skin excision (1 × 0.5 mm) was made at embryonic day 16.5 (E16.5) and 18.5 (E18.5) in fetal C57BL/6J mice and examined the histochemical and morphometrical findings of wound healing after 48 hours. RESULTS The wound made at E16.5 showed almost complete re-epithelialization with fine reticular dermal collagen fibers, but not at E18.5. The ratio of CK5 positive area was significantly higher in the wound of E16.5 operation than in the E18.5. The wounds made at E18.5 showed granulation tissue formation which will lead to subsequent scar formation. The collagen fibers tended to be thinner in wound than in normal skin, while the decrease in the number of fibers but the increase in the straightness of fibers were evident in the wound at E18.5. CONCLUSION Transition point of scarless healing seemed between E16.5 and E18.5 in mice, which may imply that the potential of epithelial regeneration and matrix formation was changed, possibly due to alteration of cell constitution and decrease in stemness, at that time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kawakami
- Department of Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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Reitermaier R, Krausgruber T, Fortelny N, Ayub T, Vieyra-Garcia PA, Kienzl P, Wolf P, Scharrer A, Fiala C, Kölz M, Hiess M, Vierhapper M, Schuster C, Spittler A, Worda C, Weninger W, Bock C, Eppel W, Elbe-Bürger A. αβγδ T cells play a vital role in fetal human skin development and immunity. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20201189. [PMID: 33561194 PMCID: PMC7876551 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20201189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells in human skin play an important role in the immune defense against pathogens and tumors. T cells are present already in fetal skin, where little is known about their cellular phenotype and biological function. Using single-cell analyses, we identified a naive T cell population expressing αβ and γδ T cell receptors (TCRs) that was enriched in fetal skin and intestine but not detected in other fetal organs and peripheral blood. TCR sequencing data revealed that double-positive (DP) αβγδ T cells displayed little overlap of CDR3 sequences with single-positive αβ T cells. Gene signatures, cytokine profiles and in silico receptor-ligand interaction studies indicate their contribution to early skin development. DP αβγδ T cells were phosphoantigen responsive, suggesting their participation in the protection of the fetus against pathogens in intrauterine infections. Together, our analyses unveil a unique cutaneous T cell type within the native skin microenvironment and point to fundamental differences in the immune surveillance between fetal and adult human skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Reitermaier
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Krausgruber
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine (CeMM) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nikolaus Fortelny
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine (CeMM) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tanya Ayub
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Philip Kienzl
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Wolf
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Anke Scharrer
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Fiala
- Gynmed Clinic, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marita Kölz
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuela Hiess
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Vierhapper
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Andreas Spittler
- Core Facilities, Flow Cytometry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christof Worda
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Weninger
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Bock
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine (CeMM) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Eppel
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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5
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Reynolds G, Vegh P, Fletcher J, Poyner EFM, Stephenson E, Goh I, Botting RA, Huang N, Olabi B, Dubois A, Dixon D, Green K, Maunder D, Engelbert J, Efremova M, Polański K, Jardine L, Jones C, Ness T, Horsfall D, McGrath J, Carey C, Popescu DM, Webb S, Wang XN, Sayer B, Park JE, Negri VA, Belokhvostova D, Lynch MD, McDonald D, Filby A, Hagai T, Meyer KB, Husain A, Coxhead J, Vento-Tormo R, Behjati S, Lisgo S, Villani AC, Bacardit J, Jones PH, O'Toole EA, Ogg GS, Rajan N, Reynolds NJ, Teichmann SA, Watt FM, Haniffa M. Developmental cell programs are co-opted in inflammatory skin disease. Science 2021; 371:eaba6500. [PMID: 33479125 PMCID: PMC7611557 DOI: 10.1126/science.aba6500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The skin confers biophysical and immunological protection through a complex cellular network established early in embryonic development. We profiled the transcriptomes of more than 500,000 single cells from developing human fetal skin, healthy adult skin, and adult skin with atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. We leveraged these datasets to compare cell states across development, homeostasis, and disease. Our analysis revealed an enrichment of innate immune cells in skin during the first trimester and clonal expansion of disease-associated lymphocytes in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. We uncovered and validated in situ a reemergence of prenatal vascular endothelial cell and macrophage cellular programs in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis lesional skin. These data illustrate the dynamism of cutaneous immunity and provide opportunities for targeting pathological developmental programs in inflammatory skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Reynolds
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Peter Vegh
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - James Fletcher
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Elizabeth F M Poyner
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
- Department of Dermatology and NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4LP, UK
| | - Emily Stephenson
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Issac Goh
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Rachel A Botting
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Ni Huang
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Bayanne Olabi
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
- Department of Dermatology, NHS Lothian, Lauriston Building, Edinburgh EH3 9EN, UK
| | - Anna Dubois
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
- Department of Dermatology and NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4LP, UK
| | - David Dixon
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Kile Green
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Daniel Maunder
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Justin Engelbert
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Mirjana Efremova
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Krzysztof Polański
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Laura Jardine
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Claire Jones
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Thomas Ness
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Dave Horsfall
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Jim McGrath
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Christopher Carey
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Dorin-Mirel Popescu
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Simone Webb
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Xiao-Nong Wang
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Ben Sayer
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Jong-Eun Park
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Victor A Negri
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital Campus, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Daria Belokhvostova
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital Campus, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Magnus D Lynch
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital Campus, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - David McDonald
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Andrew Filby
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Tzachi Hagai
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Kerstin B Meyer
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Akhtar Husain
- Department of Pathology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, UK
| | - Jonathan Coxhead
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Roser Vento-Tormo
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Sam Behjati
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SP, UK
| | - Steven Lisgo
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Alexandra-Chloé Villani
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Jaume Bacardit
- School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5TG, UK
| | - Philip H Jones
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Edel A O'Toole
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Graham S Ogg
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Neil Rajan
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
- Department of Dermatology and NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4LP, UK
| | - Nick J Reynolds
- Department of Dermatology and NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4LP, UK
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Sarah A Teichmann
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.
- Theory of Condensed Matter Group, Cavendish Laboratory/Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Fiona M Watt
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital Campus, London SE1 9RT, UK.
| | - Muzlifah Haniffa
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
- Department of Dermatology and NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4LP, UK
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
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6
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Zhu Z, Ma Y, Li Y, Li P, Cheng Z, Li H, Zhang L, Tang Z. The comprehensive detection of miRNA, lncRNA, and circRNA in regulation of mouse melanocyte and skin development. Biol Res 2020; 53:4. [PMID: 32014065 PMCID: PMC6998077 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-020-0272-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pigmentation development, is a complex process regulated by many transcription factors during development. With the development of the RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), non-coding RNAs, such as miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs, are found to play an important role in the function detection of related regulation factors. In this study, we provided the expression profiles and development of ncRNAs related to melanocyte and skin development in mice with black coat color skin and mice with white coat color skin during embryonic day 15 (E15) and postnatal day 7 (P7). The expression profiles of different ncRNAs were detected via RNA-seq and also confirmed by the quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) method. GO and KEGG used to analyze the function the related target genes. RESULTS We identified an extensive catalogue of 206 and 183 differently expressed miRNAs, 600 and 800 differently expressed lncRNAs, and 50 and 54 differently expressed circRNAs, respectively. GO terms and pathway analysis showed the target genes of differentially expressed miRNA and lncRNA. The host genes of circRNA were mainly enriched in cellular process, single organism process. The target genes of miRNAs were mainly enriched in chromatin binding and calcium ion binding in the nucleus. The function of genes related to lncRNAs are post translation modification. The competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network of lncRNAs and circRNAs displays a complex interaction between ncRNA and mRNA related to skin development, such as Tcf4, Gnas, and Gpnms related to melanocyte development. CONCLUSIONS The ceRNA network of lncRNA and circRNA displays a complex interaction between ncRNA and mRNA related to skin development and melanocyte development. The embryonic and postnatal development of skin provide a reference for further studies on the development mechanisms of ncRNA during pigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Zhu
- College of Life Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China.
| | - Yueyue Ma
- College of Life Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agriculture University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- College of Life Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Zhixue Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Huifeng Li
- College of Life Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Lihuan Zhang
- College of Life Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Zhongwei Tang
- College of Life Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
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7
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Laurin M, Gomez NC, Levorse J, Sendoel A, Sribour M, Fuchs E. An RNAi screen unravels the complexities of Rho GTPase networks in skin morphogenesis. eLife 2019; 8:e50226. [PMID: 31556874 PMCID: PMC6768663 DOI: 10.7554/elife.50226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
During mammalian embryogenesis, extensive cellular remodeling is needed for tissue morphogenesis. As effectors of cytoskeletal dynamics, Rho GTPases and their regulators are likely involved, but their daunting complexity has hindered progress in dissecting their functions. We overcome this hurdle by employing high throughput in utero RNAi-mediated screening to identify key Rho regulators of skin morphogenesis. Our screen unveiled hitherto unrecognized roles for Rho-mediated cytoskeletal remodeling events that impact hair follicle specification, differentiation, downgrowth and planar cell polarity. Coupling our top hit with gain/loss-of-function genetics, interactome proteomics and tissue imaging, we show that RHOU, an atypical Rho, governs the cytoskeletal-junction dynamics that establish columnar shape and planar cell polarity in epidermal progenitors. Conversely, RHOU downregulation is required to remodel to a conical cellular shape that enables hair bud invagination and downgrowth. Our findings underscore the power of coupling screens with proteomics to unravel the physiological significance of complex gene families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Laurin
- Robin Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and DevelopmentHoward Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Nicholas C Gomez
- Robin Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and DevelopmentHoward Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - John Levorse
- Robin Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and DevelopmentHoward Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Ataman Sendoel
- Robin Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and DevelopmentHoward Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Megan Sribour
- Robin Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and DevelopmentHoward Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Elaine Fuchs
- Robin Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and DevelopmentHoward Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
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8
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Lee KM, Wilson GJ, Pingen M, Fukuoka A, Hansell CAH, Bartolini R, Medina-Ruiz L, Graham GJ. Placental chemokine compartmentalisation: A novel mammalian molecular control mechanism. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000287. [PMID: 31141500 PMCID: PMC6557524 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Atypical chemokine receptor 2 (ACKR2) is a chemokine-scavenging receptor. ACKR2–/–embryos display a reduction in size of a novel, to our knowledge, embryonic skin macrophage population referred to as ‘intermediate’ cells. CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2)–/–embryos display an identical phenotype, indicating that these cells require CCR2 to enable them to populate embryonic skin. Further analysis revealed that ACKR2–/–embryos have higher circulating concentrations of the CCR2 ligand, CC ligand 2 (CCL2); thus, ACKR2 regulates intraembryonic CCL2 levels. We show that ACKR2 is strongly expressed by trophoblasts and that it blocks movement of inflammatory chemokines, such as CCL2, from the maternal decidua into the embryonic circulation. We propose that trophoblastic ACKR2 is responsible for ensuring chemokine compartmentalisation on the maternal decidua, without which chemokines enter the embryonic circulation, disrupting gradients essential for directed intraembryonic cell migration. Overall, therefore, we describe a novel, to our knowledge, molecular mechanism whereby maternal decidual chemokines can function in a compartmentalised fashion without interfering with intraembryonic leukocyte migration. These data suggest similar functions for other atypical chemokine receptors in the placenta and indicate that defects in such receptors may have unanticipated developmental consequences. A novel mechanism for molecular compartmentalisation in the placenta involves an atypical chemokine receptor that scavenges chemokines, blocking their drainage from the maternal face of the placenta into the embryo and thus protecting intraembryonic cellular migration processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kit Ming Lee
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Gillian J. Wilson
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Marieke Pingen
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Ayumi Fukuoka
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher A. H. Hansell
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Robin Bartolini
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Medina-Ruiz
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Gerard J. Graham
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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9
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Kuijk E, Blokzijl F, Jager M, Besselink N, Boymans S, Chuva de Sousa Lopes SM, van Boxtel R, Cuppen E. Early divergence of mutational processes in human fetal tissues. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaaw1271. [PMID: 31149636 PMCID: PMC6541467 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw1271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A developing human fetus needs to balance rapid cellular expansion with maintaining genomic stability. Here, we accurately quantified and characterized somatic mutation accumulation in fetal tissues by analyzing individual stem cells from human fetal liver and intestine. Fetal mutation rates were about fivefold higher than in tissue-matched adult stem cells. The mutational landscape of fetal intestinal stem cells resembled that of adult intestinal stem cells, while the mutation spectrum of fetal liver stem cells is distinct from stem cells of the fetal intestine and the adult liver. Our analyses indicate that variation in mutational mechanisms, including oxidative stress and spontaneous deamination of methylated cytosines, contributes to the observed divergence in mutation accumulation patterns and drives genetic mosaicism in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewart Kuijk
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Francis Blokzijl
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Myrthe Jager
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Nicolle Besselink
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Sander Boymans
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Ruben van Boxtel
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, Netherlands
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CT Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Edwin Cuppen
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, Netherlands
- Hartwig Medical Foundation, Science Park 408, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Corresponding author.
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10
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Jenkins BA, Fontecilla NM, Lu CP, Fuchs E, Lumpkin EA. The cellular basis of mechanosensory Merkel-cell innervation during development. eLife 2019; 8:42633. [PMID: 30794158 PMCID: PMC6386521 DOI: 10.7554/elife.42633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Touch sensation is initiated by mechanosensory neurons that innervate distinct skin structures; however, little is known about how these neurons are patterned during mammalian skin development. We explored the cellular basis of touch-receptor patterning in mouse touch domes, which contain mechanosensory Merkel cell-neurite complexes and abut primary hair follicles. At embryonic stage 16.5 (E16.5), touch domes emerge as patches of Merkel cells and keratinocytes clustered with a previously unsuspected population of Bmp4-expressing dermal cells. Epidermal Noggin overexpression at E14.5 disrupted touch-dome formation but not hair-follicle specification, demonstrating a temporally distinct requirement for BMP signaling in placode-derived structures. Surprisingly, two neuronal populations preferentially targeted touch domes during development but only one persisted in mature touch domes. Finally, Keratin-17-expressing keratinocytes but not Merkel cells were necessary to establish innervation patterns during development. These findings identify key cell types and signaling pathways required for targeting Merkel-cell afferents to discrete mechanosensory compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blair A Jenkins
- Department of Physiology and Cellular BiophysicsColumbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States
- Department of DermatologyColumbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Natalia M Fontecilla
- Department of Physiology and Cellular BiophysicsColumbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Catherine P Lu
- Robin Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Development and Cell BiologyHoward Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Elaine Fuchs
- Robin Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Development and Cell BiologyHoward Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Ellen A Lumpkin
- Department of Physiology and Cellular BiophysicsColumbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States
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11
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Ho WKW, Freem L, Zhao D, Painter KJ, Woolley TE, Gaffney EA, McGrew MJ, Tzika A, Milinkovitch MC, Schneider P, Drusko A, Matthäus F, Glover JD, Wells KL, Johansson JA, Davey MG, Sang HM, Clinton M, Headon DJ. Feather arrays are patterned by interacting signalling and cell density waves. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000132. [PMID: 30789897 PMCID: PMC6383868 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Feathers are arranged in a precise pattern in avian skin. They first arise during development in a row along the dorsal midline, with rows of new feather buds added sequentially in a spreading wave. We show that the patterning of feathers relies on coupled fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling together with mesenchymal cell movement, acting in a coordinated reaction-diffusion-taxis system. This periodic patterning system is partly mechanochemical, with mechanical-chemical integration occurring through a positive feedback loop centred on FGF20, which induces cell aggregation, mechanically compressing the epidermis to rapidly intensify FGF20 expression. The travelling wave of feather formation is imposed by expanding expression of Ectodysplasin A (EDA), which initiates the expression of FGF20. The EDA wave spreads across a mesenchymal cell density gradient, triggering pattern formation by lowering the threshold of mesenchymal cells required to begin to form a feather bud. These waves, and the precise arrangement of feather primordia, are lost in the flightless emu and ostrich, though via different developmental routes. The ostrich retains the tract arrangement characteristic of birds in general but lays down feather primordia without a wave, akin to the process of hair follicle formation in mammalian embryos. The embryonic emu skin lacks sufficient cells to enact feather formation, causing failure of tract formation, and instead the entire skin gains feather primordia through a later process. This work shows that a reaction-diffusion-taxis system, integrated with mechanical processes, generates the feather array. In flighted birds, the key role of the EDA/Ectodysplasin A receptor (EDAR) pathway in vertebrate skin patterning has been recast to activate this process in a quasi-1-dimensional manner, imposing highly ordered pattern formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- William K. W. Ho
- Roslin Institute Chicken Embryology, Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy Freem
- Roslin Institute Chicken Embryology, Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Debiao Zhao
- Roslin Institute Chicken Embryology, Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin J. Painter
- School of Mathematical and Computer Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas E. Woolley
- School of Mathematics, Cardiff University, Cathays, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Eamonn A. Gaffney
- Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J. McGrew
- Roslin Institute Chicken Embryology, Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Athanasia Tzika
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Pascal Schneider
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Armin Drusko
- FIAS and Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Franziska Matthäus
- FIAS and Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - James D. Glover
- Roslin Institute Chicken Embryology, Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsty L. Wells
- Roslin Institute Chicken Embryology, Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jeanette A. Johansson
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre and MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Megan G. Davey
- Roslin Institute Chicken Embryology, Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Helen M. Sang
- Roslin Institute Chicken Embryology, Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Clinton
- Roslin Institute Chicken Embryology, Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Denis J. Headon
- Roslin Institute Chicken Embryology, Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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12
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Noguchi S, Honda S, Saitoh T, Matsumura H, Nishimura E, Akira S, Shimizu S. Beclin 1 regulates recycling endosome and is required for skin development in mice. Commun Biol 2019; 2:37. [PMID: 30701202 PMCID: PMC6347619 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0279-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Beclin 1 is a key regulator of autophagy and endocytosis. However, its autophagy-independent functions remain poorly understood. Here, we report that Beclin 1 regulates recycling endosome and is required for skin development in vivo. We first established keratinocyte-specific Beclin 1-knockout mice and found that these mutant mice died owing to severe impairment of epidermal barrier. Beclin 1 plays a role in autophagy and the endocytic pathway in cooperation with Atg14 and UVRAG, respectively, and keratinocyte-specific Atg14-knockout mice do not show any abnormal phenotypes, suggesting that Beclin 1 has a role in skin development via the endocytic pathway. Furthermore, we found that Beclin 1 deficiency causes mislocalization of integrins via a defect of recycling endosome, abnormal cell detachment of basal cells and their immature differentiation, and abnormal skin development. These results provide the first genetic evidence showing the roles of Beclin 1 in recycling endosome and skin development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Noguchi
- Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510 Japan
| | - Shinya Honda
- Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510 Japan
| | - Tatsuya Saitoh
- Laboratory of Bioresponse Regulation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
- Division of Inflammation Biology, Institute for Enzyme Research, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Matsumura
- Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510 Japan
| | - Emi Nishimura
- Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510 Japan
| | - Shizuo Akira
- Laboratory of Host Defense, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Shigeomi Shimizu
- Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510 Japan
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13
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Laurent-Gengoux P, Petit V, Aktary Z, Gallagher S, Tweedy L, Machesky L, Larue L. Simulation of melanoblast displacements reveals new features of developmental migration. Development 2018; 145:dev160200. [PMID: 29769218 PMCID: PMC6031402 DOI: 10.1242/dev.160200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
To distribute and establish the melanocyte lineage throughout the skin and other developing organs, melanoblasts undergo several rounds of proliferation, accompanied by migration through complex environments and differentiation. Melanoblast migration requires interaction with extracellular matrix of the epidermal basement membrane and with surrounding keratinocytes in the developing skin. Migration has been characterized by measuring speed, trajectory and directionality of movement, but there are many unanswered questions about what motivates and defines melanoblast migration. Here, we have established a general mathematical model to simulate the movement of melanoblasts in the epidermis based on biological data, assumptions and hypotheses. Comparisons between experimental data and computer simulations reinforce some biological assumptions, and suggest new ideas for how melanoblasts and keratinocytes might influence each other during development. For example, it appears that melanoblasts instruct each other to allow a homogeneous distribution in the tissue and that keratinocytes may attract melanoblasts until one is stably attached to them. Our model reveals new features of how melanoblasts move and, in particular, suggest that melanoblasts leave a repulsive trail behind them as they move through the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Laurent-Gengoux
- Laboratory Mathematics in Interaction with Computer Science (MICS), Centrale Supélec, Université Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette 91190, France
| | - Valérie Petit
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U1021, Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes, Orsay 91405, France
- Univ Paris-Sud, Univ Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 3347, Orsay 91405, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Zackie Aktary
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U1021, Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes, Orsay 91405, France
- Univ Paris-Sud, Univ Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 3347, Orsay 91405, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Stuart Gallagher
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U1021, Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes, Orsay 91405, France
- Univ Paris-Sud, Univ Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 3347, Orsay 91405, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Luke Tweedy
- CRUK Beatson Institute, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Laura Machesky
- CRUK Beatson Institute, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Lionel Larue
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U1021, Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes, Orsay 91405, France
- Univ Paris-Sud, Univ Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 3347, Orsay 91405, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Orsay 91405, France
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14
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Fan SMY, Tsai CF, Yen CM, Lin MH, Wang WH, Chan CC, Chen CL, Phua KKL, Pan SH, Plikus MV, Yu SL, Chen YJ, Lin SJ. Inducing hair follicle neogenesis with secreted proteins enriched in embryonic skin. Biomaterials 2018; 167:121-131. [PMID: 29567388 PMCID: PMC6050066 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Organ development is a sophisticated process of self-organization. However, despite growing understanding of the developmental mechanisms, little is known about how to reactivate them postnatally for regeneration. We found that treatment of adult non-hair fibroblasts with cell-free extract from embryonic skin conferred upon them the competency to regenerate hair follicles. Proteomics analysis identified three secreted proteins enriched in the embryonic skin, apolipoprotein-A1, galectin-1 and lumican that together were essential and sufficient to induce new hair follicles. These 3 proteins show a stage-specific co-enrichment in the perifolliculogenetic embryonic dermis. Mechanistically, exposure to embryonic skin extract or to the combination of the 3 proteins altered the gene expression to an inductive hair follicle dermal papilla fibroblast-like profile and activated Igf and Wnt signaling, which are crucial for the regeneration process. Therefore, a cocktail of organ-specific extracellular proteins from the embryonic environment can render adult cells competent to re-engage in developmental interactions for organ neogenesis. Identification of factors that recreate the extracellular context of respective developing tissues can become an important strategy to promote regeneration in adult organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Mai-Yi Fan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Feng Tsai
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Mei Yen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Miao-Hsia Lin
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hung Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chieh Chan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Lung Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kyle K L Phua
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Szu-Hua Pan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Doctoral Degree Program of Translational Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Maksim V Plikus
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Sung-Liang Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ju Chen
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Sung-Jan Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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15
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Gong H, Wang H, Wang Y, Bai X, Liu B, He J, Wu J, Qi W, Zhang W. Skin transcriptome reveals the dynamic changes in the Wnt pathway during integument morphogenesis of chick embryos. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190933. [PMID: 29351308 PMCID: PMC5774689 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian species have a unique integument covered with feathers. Skin morphogenesis is a successive and complex process. To date, most studies have focused on a single developmental point or stage. Fewer studies have focused on whole transcriptomes based on the time-course of embryo integument development. To analyze the global changes in gene expression profiles, we sequenced the transcriptome of chicken embryo skin samples from day 6 to day 21 of incubation and identified 5830 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Hierarchical clustering showed that E6 to E14 is the critical period of feather follicle morphogenesis. According to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis of the DEGs, two kinds of Wnt signaling pathways (a canonical pathway and a non-canonical pathway) changed during feather follicle and feather morphogenesis. The gene expression level of inhibitors and ligands related to the Wnt signaling pathway varied significantly during embryonic development. The results revealed a staggered phase relationship between the canonical pathway and the non-canonical pathway from E9 to E14. These analyses shed new light on the gene regulatory mechanism and provided fundamental data related to integument morphogenesis of chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husile Gong
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Animal Husbandry Institute, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Hong Wang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - YueXing Wang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xue Bai
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Bin Liu
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - JinFeng He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - JiangHong Wu
- Animal Husbandry Institute, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Prataculture Research Center, Chinese Academy of Science, Hohhot, China
- * E-mail: (JW); (WQ); (WZ)
| | - WangMei Qi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- * E-mail: (JW); (WQ); (WZ)
| | - WenGuang Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- * E-mail: (JW); (WQ); (WZ)
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16
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Erickson JR, Echeverri K. Learning from regeneration research organisms: The circuitous road to scar free wound healing. Dev Biol 2018; 433:144-154. [PMID: 29179946 PMCID: PMC5914521 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The skin is the largest organ in the body and plays multiple essential roles ranging from regulating temperature, preventing infection and ultimately defining who we are physically. It is a highly dynamic organ that constantly replaces the outermost cells throughout life. However, when faced with a major injury, human skin cannot restore a significant lesion to its original functionality, instead a reparative scar is formed. In contrast to this, many other species have the unique ability to regenerate full thickness skin without formation of scar tissue. Here we review recent advances in the field that shed light on how the skin cells in regenerative species react to injury to prevent scar formation versus scar forming humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jami R Erickson
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Karen Echeverri
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
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17
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Hu MS, Borrelli MR, Hong WX, Malhotra S, Cheung ATM, Ransom RC, Rennert RC, Morrison SD, Lorenz HP, Longaker MT. Embryonic skin development and repair. Organogenesis 2018; 14:46-63. [PMID: 29420124 PMCID: PMC6150059 DOI: 10.1080/15476278.2017.1421882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal cutaneous wounds have the unique ability to completely regenerate wounded skin and heal without scarring. However, adult cutaneous wounds heal via a fibroproliferative response which results in the formation of a scar. Understanding the mechanism(s) of scarless wound healing leads to enormous clinical potential in facilitating an environment conducive to scarless healing in adult cutaneous wounds. This article reviews the embryonic development of the skin and outlines the structural and functional differences in adult and fetal wound healing phenotypes. A review of current developments made towards applying this clinical knowledge to promote scarless healing in adult wounds is addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S. Hu
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Mimi R. Borrelli
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Wan Xing Hong
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Samir Malhotra
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Alexander T. M. Cheung
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Ryan C. Ransom
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Robert C. Rennert
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Shane D. Morrison
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - H. Peter Lorenz
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Michael T. Longaker
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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18
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Gamm UA, Huang BK, Mis EK, Khokha MK, Choma MA. Visualization and quantification of injury to the ciliated epithelium using quantitative flow imaging and speckle variance optical coherence tomography. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15115. [PMID: 29118359 PMCID: PMC5678121 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14670-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucociliary flow is an important defense mechanism in the lung to remove inhaled pathogens and pollutants. Disruption of ciliary flow can lead to respiratory infections. Multiple factors, from drugs to disease can cause an alteration in ciliary flow. However, less attention has been given to injury of the ciliated epithelium. In this study, we show how optical coherence tomography (OCT) can be used to investigate injury to the ciliated epithelium in a multi-contrast setting. We used particle tracking velocimetry (PTV-OCT) to investigate the cilia-driven flow field and 3D speckle variance imaging to investigate size and extent of injury caused to the skin of Xenopus embryos. Two types of injuries are investigated, focal injury caused by mechanical damage and diffuse injury by a calcium chloride shock. We additionally investigate injury and regeneration of cilia to calcium chloride on ex vivo mouse trachea. This work describes how OCT can be used as a tool to investigate injury and regeneration in ciliated epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ute A Gamm
- Yale University, Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Brendan K Huang
- Yale University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, 55 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Emily K Mis
- Yale University, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Mustafa K Khokha
- Yale University, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Yale University, Department of Genetics, 333 Cedar St., New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Michael A Choma
- Yale University, Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
- Yale University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, 55 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.
- Yale University, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
- Yale University, Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, 15 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
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19
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Domagała Z, Dąbrowski P, Kurlej W, Porwolik M, Woźniak S, Kacała RR, Gworys B. The sequence of lanugo pattern development on the trunk wall in human fetuses. ADV CLIN EXP MED 2017; 26:967-972. [PMID: 29068598 DOI: 10.17219/acem/61440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to a growing interest in developmental disorders, and in the long-term skin appendage diseases, both in the cosmetic industry and among specialists in dermatology (broadly defined), there is an increasing number of papers on hair development. The publications by the present team of authors are part of this trend. OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to describe the topography and typology of skin pilosity patterns in human fetuses. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 278 fetuses (141 male and 137 female) were qualified for the study. The gestational age ranged from 69 to 226 days after conception. All fetuses were taken from a local collection. RESULTS The study revealed that the first single hairs occur on the posterior wall of the trunk in the 17th week of fetal life, and on the anterior wall between the 18th and 19th week. It was found that in human fetuses lanugo appears statistically significantly later on the skin of the anterior of the trunk than on its posterior. The difference in absolute time is almost 2 weeks of fetal life. No other differences were found in the development cycle of lanugo on the anterior and posterior walls of the trunk. A full pattern was first observed on the posterior wall of the trunk in a fetus in the 19th week, and on the anterior wall in the 21st week. It was found that the process of lanugo development was completed on the posterior wall in the 23rd week, and on the surface of the abdomen in the 26th week. CONCLUSIONS The lanugo developmental cycle, consisting in the appearance of the first single hairs, then partial hair and subsequently the formation of final patterns, is the same on both walls of the trunk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wiesław Kurlej
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland
| | | | | | | | - Bohdan Gworys
- Department of Anatomy, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland
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20
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Glover JD, Wells KL, Matthäus F, Painter KJ, Ho W, Riddell J, Johansson JA, Ford MJ, Jahoda CAB, Klika V, Mort RL, Headon DJ. Hierarchical patterning modes orchestrate hair follicle morphogenesis. PLoS Biol 2017; 15:e2002117. [PMID: 28700594 PMCID: PMC5507405 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2002117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Two theories address the origin of repeating patterns, such as hair follicles, limb digits, and intestinal villi, during development. The Turing reaction-diffusion system posits that interacting diffusible signals produced by static cells first define a prepattern that then induces cell rearrangements to produce an anatomical structure. The second theory, that of mesenchymal self-organisation, proposes that mobile cells can form periodic patterns of cell aggregates directly, without reference to any prepattern. Early hair follicle development is characterised by the rapid appearance of periodic arrangements of altered gene expression in the epidermis and prominent clustering of the adjacent dermal mesenchymal cells. We assess the contributions and interplay between reaction-diffusion and mesenchymal self-organisation processes in hair follicle patterning, identifying a network of fibroblast growth factor (FGF), wingless-related integration site (WNT), and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling interactions capable of spontaneously producing a periodic pattern. Using time-lapse imaging, we find that mesenchymal cell condensation at hair follicles is locally directed by an epidermal prepattern. However, imposing this prepattern's condition of high FGF and low BMP activity across the entire skin reveals a latent dermal capacity to undergo spatially patterned self-organisation in the absence of epithelial direction. This mesenchymal self-organisation relies on restricted transforming growth factor (TGF) β signalling, which serves to drive chemotactic mesenchymal patterning when reaction-diffusion patterning is suppressed, but, in normal conditions, facilitates cell movement to locally prepatterned sources of FGF. This work illustrates a hierarchy of periodic patterning modes operating in organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D. Glover
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsty L. Wells
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Franziska Matthäus
- FIAS and Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Kevin J. Painter
- School of Mathematical & Computer Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - William Ho
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jon Riddell
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jeanette A. Johansson
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre and MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J. Ford
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre and MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Colin A. B. Jahoda
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Vaclav Klika
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Richard L. Mort
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Denis J. Headon
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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21
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Narisawa Y, Hashimoto K, Nihei Y, Pietruk T. Biological significance of dermal Merkel cells in development of cutaneous nerves in human fetal skin. J Histochem Cytochem 2017; 40:65-71. [PMID: 1370310 DOI: 10.1177/40.1.1370310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We detected epidermal Merkel cells in 12-week fetuses with monoclonal antibodies (MAb) against simple epithelium keratin and epithelial membrane antigen. In 15-week fetuses these Merkel cells began to descend into the dermis and expressed nerve growth factor receptors (NGF-R). At approximately the same time, cutaneous nerves, as detected with an MAb against neurofilaments, extended from the subcutaneous trunk and branched to form the subepidermal nerve plexus. The expression of NGF-R on dermal Merkel cells preceded their connection with immunoreactive small nerves. Initially, most of these fine nerve endings were directed towards dermal Merkel cells. In 23-week fetuses the subepidermal nerve plexus was well developed and immunoreactive dermal Merkel cells began to disappear. At all stage of fetal development the epidermal Merkel cells did not strongly express NGF-R. We postulate that dermal Merkel cells play an inductive and a promotional role in development of the cutaneous nerve plexus in the upper dermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Narisawa
- Department of Dermatology and Syphilology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201
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22
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McNeil PL, Nebot C, Cepeda A, Sloman KA. Environmental concentrations of prednisolone alter visually mediated responses during early life stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Environ Pollut 2016; 218:981-987. [PMID: 27614910 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of the eye in vertebrates is dependent upon glucocorticoid signalling, however, specific components of the eye are sensitive to synthetic glucocorticoids. The presence of synthetic glucocorticoids within the aquatic environment may therefore have important consequences for fish, which are heavily reliant upon vision for mediating several key behaviours. The potential ethological impact of synthetic glucocorticoid oculotoxicity however has yet to be studied. Physiological and behavioural responses which are dependent upon vision were selected to investigate the possible toxicity of prednisolone, a commonly occurring synthetic glucocorticoid within the environment, during early life stages of zebrafish. Although exposure to prednisolone did not alter the morphology of the external eye, aggregation of melanin within the skin in response to increasing light levels was impeded and embryos exposed to prednisolone (10 μg/l) maintained a darkened phenotype. Exposure to prednisolone also increased the preference of embryos for a dark environment within a light dark box test in a concentration dependent manner. However the ability of embryos to detect motion appeared unaffected by prednisolone. Therefore, while significant effects were detected in several processes mediated by vision, changes occurred in a manner which suggest that vision was in itself unaffected by prednisolone. Neurological and endocrinological changes during early ontogeny are considered as likely candidates for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul L McNeil
- Institute of Biomedical and Environmental Health Research, School of Science and Sport, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, UK.
| | - Carolina Nebot
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Alberto Cepeda
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Katherine A Sloman
- Institute of Biomedical and Environmental Health Research, School of Science and Sport, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, UK
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23
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Grond S, Radner FPW, Eichmann TO, Kolb D, Grabner GF, Wolinski H, Gruber R, Hofer P, Heier C, Schauer S, Rülicke T, Hoefler G, Schmuth M, Elias PM, Lass A, Zechner R, Haemmerle G. Skin Barrier Development Depends on CGI-58 Protein Expression during Late-Stage Keratinocyte Differentiation. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 137:403-413. [PMID: 27725204 PMCID: PMC5551682 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and its coactivator comparative gene identification-58 (CGI-58) are limiting in cellular triglyceride catabolism. Although ATGL deficiency is compatible with normal skin development, mice globally lacking CGI-58 die postnatally and exhibit a severe epidermal permeability barrier defect, which may originate from epidermal and/or peripheral changes in lipid and energy metabolism. Here, we show that epidermis-specific disruption of CGI-58 is sufficient to provoke a defect in the formation of a functional corneocyte lipid envelope linked to impaired ω-O-acylceramide synthesis. As a result, epidermis-specific CGI-58-deficient mice show severe skin dysfunction, arguing for a tissue autonomous cause of disease development. Defective skin permeability barrier formation in global CGI-58-deficient mice could be reversed via transgenic restoration of CGI-58 expression in differentiated but not basal keratinocytes suggesting that CGI-58 is essential for lipid metabolism in suprabasal epidermal layers. The compatibility of ATGL deficiency with normal epidermal function indicated that CGI-58 may stimulate an epidermal triglyceride lipase beyond ATGL required for the adequate provision of fatty acids as a substrate for ω-O-acylceramide synthesis. Pharmacological inhibition of ATGL enzyme activity similarly reduced triglyceride-hydrolytic activities in wild-type and CGI-58 overexpressing epidermis implicating that CGI-58 participates in ω-O-acylceramide biogenesis independent of its role as a coactivator of epidermal triglyceride catabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Grond
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Franz P W Radner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas O Eichmann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Dagmar Kolb
- Center for Medical Research/Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gernot F Grabner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Heimo Wolinski
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Microscopy Facility, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Robert Gruber
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Peter Hofer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christoph Heier
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Silvia Schauer
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Rülicke
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gerald Hoefler
- BioTechMed-Graz, Microscopy Facility, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Schmuth
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Peter M Elias
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Achim Lass
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Rudolf Zechner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Guenter Haemmerle
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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24
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Xiao Y, Thoresen DT, Miao L, Williams JS, Wang C, Atit RP, Wong SY, Brownell I. A Cascade of Wnt, Eda, and Shh Signaling Is Essential for Touch Dome Merkel Cell Development. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006150. [PMID: 27414798 PMCID: PMC4944988 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway regulates developmental, homeostatic, and repair processes throughout the body. In the skin, touch domes develop in tandem with primary hair follicles and contain sensory Merkel cells. The developmental signaling requirements for touch dome specification are largely unknown. We found dermal Wnt signaling and subsequent epidermal Eda/Edar signaling promoted Merkel cell morphogenesis by inducing Shh expression in early follicles. Lineage-specific gene deletions revealed intraepithelial Shh signaling was necessary for Merkel cell specification. Additionally, a Shh signaling agonist was sufficient to rescue Merkel cell differentiation in Edar-deficient skin. Moreover, Merkel cells formed in Fgf20 mutant skin where primary hair formation was defective but Shh production was preserved. Although developmentally associated with hair follicles, fate mapping demonstrated Merkel cells primarily originated outside the hair follicle lineage. These findings suggest that touch dome development requires Wnt-dependent mesenchymal signals to establish reciprocal signaling within the developing ectoderm, including Eda signaling to primary hair placodes and ultimately Shh signaling from primary follicles to extrafollicular Merkel cell progenitors. Shh signaling often demonstrates pleiotropic effects within a structure over time. In postnatal skin, Shh is known to regulate the self-renewal, but not the differentiation, of touch dome stem cells. Our findings relate the varied effects of Shh in the touch dome to the ligand source, with locally produced Shh acting as a morphogen essential for lineage specification during development and neural Shh regulating postnatal touch dome stem cell maintenance. Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is one of a limited set of signaling molecules that cells use to drive organ formation during development and tissue regeneration after birth. How Shh signaling achieves different biological effects in the same tissue is incompletely understood. Touch domes are unique sensory structures in the skin that contain innervated Merkel cells. Using mouse genetics, we show that touch domes develop in tandem with, but distinct from, primary hair follicles. Moreover, touch dome specification requires a cascade of cell-cell signaling that ends with Shh signaling from an adjacent primary hair follicle. It was previously shown that Shh signaling from sensory nerves regulates the maintenance of touch dome stem cells after birth. Thus, the critical role for Shh signaling in embryonic touch dome specification is dependent on locally produced Shh, whereas the renewal of touch dome stem cells requires Shh transported to the skin by sensory neurons. These observations suggest that the distinct functions of Shh in touch dome development and maintenance correspond to changes in the source of the Shh signal required for the varied effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xiao
- Dermatology Branch, Center of Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Daniel T. Thoresen
- Dermatology Branch, Center of Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lingling Miao
- Dermatology Branch, Center of Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jonathan S. Williams
- Dermatology Branch, Center of Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Chaochen Wang
- Laboratory of Genetics and Physiology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Radhika P. Atit
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Sunny Y. Wong
- Departments of Dermatology and Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Isaac Brownell
- Dermatology Branch, Center of Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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25
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Zappia KJ, Garrison SR, Palygin O, Weyer AD, Barabas ME, Lawlor MW, Staruschenko A, Stucky CL. Mechanosensory and ATP Release Deficits following Keratin14-Cre-Mediated TRPA1 Deletion Despite Absence of TRPA1 in Murine Keratinocytes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151602. [PMID: 26978657 PMCID: PMC4792390 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratinocytes are the first cells that come into direct contact with external tactile stimuli; however, their role in touch transduction in vivo is not clear. The ion channel Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) is essential for some mechanically-gated currents in sensory neurons, amplifies mechanical responses after inflammation, and has been reported to be expressed in human and mouse skin. Other reports have not detected Trpa1 mRNA transcripts in human or mouse epidermis. Therefore, we set out to determine whether selective deletion of Trpa1 from keratinocytes would impact mechanosensation. We generated K14Cre-Trpa1fl/fl mice lacking TRPA1 in K14-expressing cells, including keratinocytes. Surprisingly, Trpa1 transcripts were very poorly detected in epidermis of these mice or in controls, and detection was minimal enough to preclude observation of Trpa1 mRNA knockdown in the K14Cre-Trpa1fl/fl mice. Unexpectedly, these K14Cre-Trpa1fl/fl mice nonetheless exhibited a pronounced deficit in mechanosensitivity at the behavioral and primary afferent levels, and decreased mechanically-evoked ATP release from skin. Overall, while these data suggest that the intended targeted deletion of Trpa1 from keratin 14-expressing cells of the epidermis induces functional deficits in mechanotransduction and ATP release, these deficits are in fact likely due to factors other than reduction of Trpa1 expression in adult mouse keratinocytes because they express very little, if any, Trpa1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine J. Zappia
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Sheldon R. Garrison
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Oleg Palygin
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Andy D. Weyer
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Marie E. Barabas
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Michael W. Lawlor
- Division of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Alexander Staruschenko
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Cheryl L. Stucky
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
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26
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Gao Y, Wang X, Yan H, Zeng J, Ma S, Niu Y, Zhou G, Jiang Y, Chen Y. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Fetal Skin Reveals Key Genes Related to Hair Follicle Morphogenesis in Cashmere Goats. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151118. [PMID: 26959817 PMCID: PMC4784850 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cashmere goat skin contains two types of hair follicles (HF): primary hair follicles (PHF) and secondary hair follicles (SHF). Although multiple genetic determinants associated with HF formation have been identified, the molecules that determine the independent morphogenesis of HF in cashmere goats remain elusive. The growth and development of SHF directly influence the quantity and quality of cashmere production. Here, we report the transcriptome profiling analysis of nine skin samples from cashmere goats using 60- and 120-day-old embryos (E60 and E120, respectively), as well as newborns (NB), through RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq). HF morphological changes indicated that PHF were initiated at E60, with maturation from E120, while differentiation of SHF was identified at E120 until formation of cashmere occurred after birth (NB). The RNA-sequencing analysis generated over 20.6 million clean reads from each mRNA library. The number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in E60 vs. E120, E120 vs. NB, and E60 vs. NB were 1,024, 0 and 1,801, respectively, indicating that no significant differences were found at transcriptomic levels between E120 and NB. Key genes including B4GALT4, TNC, a-integrin, and FGFR1, were up-regulated and expressed in HF initiation from E60 to E120, while regulatory genes such as GPRC5D, PAD3, HOXC13, PRR9, VSIG8, LRRC15, LHX2, MSX-2, and FOXN1 were up-regulated and expressed in HF keratinisation and hair shaft differentiation from E120 and NB to E60. Several genes belonging to the KRT and KRTAP gene families were detected throughout the three HF developmental stages. The transcriptional trajectory analyses of all DEGs indicated that immune privilege, glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, extracellular matrix receptor interaction, and growth factor receptors all played dominant roles in the epithelial-mesenchymal interface and HF formation. We found that the Wnt, transforming growth factor-beta/bone morphogenetic protein, and Notch family members played vital roles in HF differentiation and maturation. The DEGs we found could be attributed to the generation and development of HF, and thus will be critically important for improving the quantity and quality of fleece production in animals for fibres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People’s Republic of China
- College of Life Science, Yulin University, Yulin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hailong Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People’s Republic of China
- College of Life Science, Yulin University, Yulin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Zeng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sen Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiyuan Niu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangxian Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yulin Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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27
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Zimmer AM, Wood CM. Physiological and molecular ontogeny of branchial and extra-branchial urea excretion in posthatch rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2016; 310:R305-12. [PMID: 26608657 PMCID: PMC4796753 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00403.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
All teleost fish produce ammonia as a metabolic waste product. In embryos, ammonia excretion is limited by the chorion, and fish must detoxify ammonia by synthesizing urea via the ornithine urea cycle (OUC). Although urea is produced by embryos and larvae, urea excretion (J(urea)) is typically low until yolk sac absorption, increasing thereafter. The aim of this study was to determine the physiological and molecular characteristics of J(urea) by posthatch rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Following hatch, whole body urea concentration decreased over time, while J(urea) increased following yolk sac absorption. From 12 to 40 days posthatch (dph), extra-branchial routes of excretion accounted for the majority of J(urea), while the gills became the dominant site for J(urea) only after 55 dph. This represents the most delayed branchial ontogeny of any process studied to date. Urea transporter (UT) gene expression in the gills and skin increased over development, consistent with increases in branchial and extra-branchial J(urea). Following exposure to 25 mmol/l urea, the accumulation and subsequent elimination of exogenous urea was much greater at 55 dph than 12 dph, consistent with increased UT expression. Notably, UT gene expression in the gills of 55 dph larvae increased in response to high urea. In summary, there is a clear increase in urea transport capacity over posthatch development, despite a decrease in OUC activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex M Zimmer
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; and Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Chris M Wood
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; and Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Hagen A, Albig M, Keller T, Stumm M, Entezami M. Suspicious Prenasal Skin Thickness-to-Nasal Bone Length Ratio: Prevalence and Correlation with Other Markers in Second and Third Trimester Fetuses with Down Syndrome. Ultraschall Med 2015; 36:501-506. [PMID: 26091004 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1399285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the prevalence and value of a suspicious prenasal skin thickness-to-nasal bone length ratio (PT/NB ratio) in comparison to other established markers in a large population of Down syndrome (DS) fetuses. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a retrospective study of 139 DS fetuses and 530 normal fetuses scanned after 14 + 0 weeks of gestation. To characterize diagnostic performance, we used the ROC curve approach. The presence or absence of a PT/NB ratio > 0.8 and 11 other markers were assessed in the group of DS fetuses. A correlation analysis was performed in order to investigate associations between PT/NB ratio and other markers. RESULTS Among DS fetuses the median PT/NB ratio was 1.06 (IQR 0.729) and was significantly higher compared to normal fetuses with 0.62 (IQR 0.148), (p < 0.001). Gestational age had no influence on the PT/NB ratio. A PT/NB ratio > 0.8 had the highest prevalence of all markers with 89.2 % in the group of DS fetuses, 3 cases were negative for all markers and 3 cases were positive only for PT/NB ratio > 0.8. Marker-specific comparison between prevalences of a suspicious PT/NB ratio with respect to the presence or absence of other markers was statistically significant for hypoplastic NB and major anomalies (p < 0.05). Utilization of at least one of the following five markers was sufficient for detecting 136 out of 139 fetuses with trisomy 21: suspicious PT/NB ratio, hypoplastic NB, nuchal fold thickness, white spot, shortened femur. CONCLUSION The PT/NB ratio is one of the most powerful indicators of DS in the second trimester. It is objective to interpret, easy to measure, and is reproducible.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hagen
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Prenatal Diagnosis and Human Genetics Kudamm-199, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Albig
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Prenatal Diagnosis and Human Genetics Kudamm-199, Berlin, Germany
| | - T Keller
- Statistik, ACOMED, Leipzig, Germany
| | - M Stumm
- Human Genetics, Center for Prenatal Diagnosis and Human Genetics Kudamm-199, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Entezami
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Prenatal Diagnosis and Human Genetics Kudamm-199, Berlin, Germany
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Kanady JD, Munger SJ, Witte MH, Simon AM. Combining Foxc2 and Connexin37 deletions in mice leads to severe defects in lymphatic vascular growth and remodeling. Dev Biol 2015; 405:33-46. [PMID: 26079578 PMCID: PMC4529811 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Connexins (Cxs), proteins that are vital for intercellular communication in vertebrates, have recently been shown to play a critical role in lymphatic development. However, our knowledge is currently limited regarding the functional relationships of Cxs with other proteins and signaling pathways. Cell culture studies have shown that Cx37 is necessary for coordinated activation of the transcription factor NFATc1, which cooperates with Foxc2 (another transcription factor) during lymphatic endothelial development. These data suggest that Cxs, Foxc2, and NFATc1 are part of a common developmental pathway. Here, we present a detailed characterization of Foxc2(+/-)Cx37(-/-) mice, demonstrating that lymphatic network architecture and valve formation rely on the concurrent embryonic expression and function of Foxc2 and Cx37. Foxc2(+/-)Cx37(-/-) mice have lymphedema in utero, exhibit craniofacial abnormalities, show severe dilation of intestinal lymphatics, display abnormal lacteal development, lack lymphatic valves, and typically die perinatally (outcomes not seen in Foxc2(+/-) or Cx37(-/-) mice separately). We provide a rigorous, quantitative documentation of lymphatic vascular network changes that highlight the specific structural alterations that occur in Foxc2(+/-)Cx37(-/-) mice. These data provide further evidence suggesting that Foxc2 and Cx37 are elements in a common molecular pathway directing lymphangiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Kanady
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
| | | | - Marlys H Witte
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
| | - Alexander M Simon
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
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30
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Sennett R, Wang Z, Rezza A, Grisanti L, Roitershtein N, Sicchio C, Mok KW, Heitman NJ, Clavel C, Ma'ayan A, Rendl M. An Integrated Transcriptome Atlas of Embryonic Hair Follicle Progenitors, Their Niche, and the Developing Skin. Dev Cell 2015; 34:577-91. [PMID: 26256211 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2015.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Defining the unique molecular features of progenitors and their niche requires a genome-wide, whole-tissue approach with cellular resolution. Here, we co-isolate embryonic hair follicle (HF) placode and dermal condensate cells, precursors of adult HF stem cells and the dermal papilla/sheath niche, along with lineage-related keratinocytes and fibroblasts, Schwann cells, melanocytes, and a population inclusive of all remaining skin cells. With next-generation RNA sequencing, we define gene expression patterns in the context of the entire embryonic skin, and through transcriptome cross-comparisons, we uncover hundreds of enriched genes in cell-type-specific signatures. Axon guidance signaling and many other pathway genes are enriched in multiple signatures, implicating these factors in driving the large-scale cellular rearrangements necessary for HF formation. Finally, we share all data in an interactive, searchable companion website. Our study provides an overarching view of signaling within the entire embryonic skin and captures a molecular snapshot of HF progenitors and their niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Sennett
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Zichen Wang
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, BD2K-LINCS Data Coordination and Integration Center, Knowledge Management Center for Illuminating the Druggable Genome (KMC-IDG), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Amélie Rezza
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Laura Grisanti
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Nataly Roitershtein
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Cristina Sicchio
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ka Wai Mok
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Nicholas J Heitman
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Carlos Clavel
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Avi Ma'ayan
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, BD2K-LINCS Data Coordination and Integration Center, Knowledge Management Center for Illuminating the Druggable Genome (KMC-IDG), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Michael Rendl
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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Westcot SE, Hatzold J, Urban MD, Richetti SK, Skuster KJ, Harm RM, Lopez Cervera R, Umemoto N, McNulty MS, Clark KJ, Hammerschmidt M, Ekker SC. Protein-Trap Insertional Mutagenesis Uncovers New Genes Involved in Zebrafish Skin Development, Including a Neuregulin 2a-Based ErbB Signaling Pathway Required during Median Fin Fold Morphogenesis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130688. [PMID: 26110643 PMCID: PMC4482254 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin disorders are widespread, but available treatments are limited. A more comprehensive understanding of skin development mechanisms will drive identification of new treatment targets and modalities. Here we report the Zebrafish Integument Project (ZIP), an expression-driven platform for identifying new skin genes and phenotypes in the vertebrate model Danio rerio (zebrafish). In vivo selection for skin-specific expression of gene-break transposon (GBT) mutant lines identified eleven new, revertible GBT alleles of genes involved in skin development. Eight genes—fras1, grip1, hmcn1, msxc, col4a4, ahnak, capn12, and nrg2a—had been described in an integumentary context to varying degrees, while arhgef25b, fkbp10b, and megf6a emerged as novel skin genes. Embryos homozygous for a GBT insertion within neuregulin 2a (nrg2a) revealed a novel requirement for a Neuregulin 2a (Nrg2a) – ErbB2/3 – AKT signaling pathway governing the apicobasal organization of a subset of epidermal cells during median fin fold (MFF) morphogenesis. In nrg2a mutant larvae, the basal keratinocytes within the apical MFF, known as ridge cells, displayed reduced pAKT levels as well as reduced apical domains and exaggerated basolateral domains. Those defects compromised proper ridge cell elongation into a flattened epithelial morphology, resulting in thickened MFF edges. Pharmacological inhibition verified that Nrg2a signals through the ErbB receptor tyrosine kinase network. Moreover, knockdown of the epithelial polarity regulator and tumor suppressor lgl2 ameliorated the nrg2a mutant phenotype. Identifying Lgl2 as an antagonist of Nrg2a – ErbB signaling revealed a significantly earlier role for Lgl2 during epidermal morphogenesis than has been described to date. Furthermore, our findings demonstrated that successive, coordinated ridge cell shape changes drive apical MFF development, making MFF ridge cells a valuable model for investigating how the coordinated regulation of cell polarity and cell shape changes serves as a crucial mechanism of epithelial morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie E. Westcot
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Julia Hatzold
- Institute for Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, Biocenter, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mark D. Urban
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Stefânia K. Richetti
- Institute for Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, Biocenter, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kimberly J. Skuster
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Rhianna M. Harm
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Roberto Lopez Cervera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Noriko Umemoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Melissa S. McNulty
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Karl J. Clark
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Matthias Hammerschmidt
- Institute for Developmental Biology, University of Cologne, Biocenter, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Cluster of Excellence in Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stephen C. Ekker
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Schöppl A, Botta A, Prior M, Akgün J, Schuster C, Elbe-Bürger A. Langerhans cell precursors acquire RANK/CD265 in prenatal human skin. Acta Histochem 2015; 117:425-30. [PMID: 25722033 PMCID: PMC4516852 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The skin is the first barrier against foreign pathogens and the prenatal formation of a strong network of various innate and adaptive cells is required to protect the newborn from perinatal infections. While many studies about the immune system in healthy and diseased adult human skin exist, our knowledge about the cutaneous prenatal/developing immune system and especially about the phenotype and function of antigen-presenting cells such as epidermal Langerhans cells (LCs) in human skin is still scarce. It has been shown previously that LCs in healthy adult human skin express receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK), an important molecule prolonging their survival. In this study, we investigated at which developmental stage LCs acquire this important molecule. Immunofluorescence double-labeling of cryostat sections revealed that LC precursors in prenatal human skin either do not yet [10–11 weeks of estimated gestational age (EGA)] or only faintly (13–15 weeks EGA) express RANK. LCs express RANK at levels comparable to adult LCs by the end of the second trimester. Comparable with adult skin, dermal antigen-presenting cells at no gestational age express this marker. These findings indicate that epidermal leukocytes gradually acquire RANK during gestation – a phenomenon previously observed also for other markers on LCs in prenatal human skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Schöppl
- Department of Dermatology, Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases (DIAID), Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunobiology of the Skin, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Albert Botta
- Department of Dermatology, Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases (DIAID), Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunobiology of the Skin, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marion Prior
- Department of Dermatology, Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases (DIAID), Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunobiology of the Skin, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johnnie Akgün
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christopher Schuster
- Department of Dermatology, Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases (DIAID), Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunobiology of the Skin, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Adelheid Elbe-Bürger
- Department of Dermatology, Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases (DIAID), Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunobiology of the Skin, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Holbrook KA, Dale BA, Smith LT, Foster CA, Williams ML, Hoff MS, Dabelsteen E, Bauer EA. Markers of adult skin expressed in the skin of the first trimester fetus. Curr Probl Dermatol 2015; 16:94-108. [PMID: 3556037 DOI: 10.1159/000413458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Mlitz V, Strasser B, Jaeger K, Hermann M, Ghannadan M, Buchberger M, Alibardi L, Tschachler E, Eckhart L. Trichohyalin-like proteins have evolutionarily conserved roles in the morphogenesis of skin appendages. J Invest Dermatol 2014; 134:2685-2692. [PMID: 24780931 PMCID: PMC4260798 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2014.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
S100 fused-type proteins (SFTPs) such as filaggrin, trichohyalin, and cornulin are differentially expressed in cornifying keratinocytes of the epidermis and various skin appendages. To determine evolutionarily conserved, and thus presumably important, features of SFTPs, we characterized nonmammalian SFTPs and compared their amino acid sequences and expression patterns with those of mammalian SFTPs. We identified an ortholog of cornulin and a previously unknown SFTP, termed scaffoldin, in reptiles and birds, whereas filaggrin was confined to mammals. In contrast to mammalian SFTPs, both cornulin and scaffoldin of the chicken are expressed in the embryonic periderm. However, scaffoldin resembles mammalian trichohyalin with regard to its expression in the filiform papillae of the tongue and in the epithelium underneath the forming tips of the claws. Furthermore, scaffoldin is expressed in the epithelial sheath around growing feathers, reminiscent of trichohyalin expression in the inner root sheath of hair. The results of this study show that SFTP-positive epithelia function as scaffolds for the growth of diverse skin appendages such as claws, nails, hair, and feathers, indicating a common evolutionary origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Mlitz
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bettina Strasser
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Jaeger
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marcela Hermann
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Minoo Ghannadan
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Buchberger
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lorenzo Alibardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche ed Ambientali (BiGeA), Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Erwin Tschachler
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leopold Eckhart
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Abstract
Desmosomes are morphologically and biochemically defined cell-cell junctions that are required for maintaining the mechanical integrity of skin and the heart in adult mammals. Furthermore, since mice with null mutations in desmosomal plaque proteins (plakoglobin and desmoplakin) die in utero, it is also evident that desmosomes are indispensable for normal embryonic development. This review focuses on the role of desmosomes in vivo. We will summarize the effects of mutations in desmosomal genes on pre- and post-embryonic development of mouse and man and discuss recent findings relating to the specific role of desmosomal cadherins in skin differentiation and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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36
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Meyer W, Oberthuer A, Ngezahayo A, Neumann U, Jacob R. Immunohistochemical demonstration of connexins in the developing feather follicle of the chicken. Acta Histochem 2014; 116:639-45. [PMID: 24345685 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2013.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Based on immunohistochemistry, the study demonstrates the varying distribution and reaction intensity of connexins (Cx26 [chicken 31sim], 30 [chicken 31], 31, 32, 43, 45) in the developing feather follicle of the chicken (White Leghorn). The different embryonal stages were identified according to the normal table of Hamburger and Hamilton (1951). The development of the feather follicle complex is closely related to skin layer development, making use of the controlling function of connexins. This was evident during feather follicle differentiation, based on communication between ectomesodermal (fibroblasts) and ectodermal cells (developing epidermis), but also by the subsequent separation of the two cell line types related to their connexin-dependent differentiation degree. With the increase in mesenchymal cell numbers during feather placode development, the multiple connexins Cx26 [chicken 31sim] and 43, supported by Cx30 [chicken 31], 31 and 32, were increasingly activating the fibroblast concentrations as related to epidermal follicle buds, the specific follicle structure, the endothelial cells of capillaries and larger blood vessels, as well as the collagen fiber production and the growing feather musculature shortly before hatching; Cx45 could not be demonstrated. In conclusion, it seems that connexin expression is not only coupled to the origin of embryonic cells, but also connected with tissue formation before the follicle system can be formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfried Meyer
- Institute for Anatomy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Anna Oberthuer
- Institute for Anatomy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, 30173 Hannover, Germany; Institute for Cytobiology and Cytopathology, University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 6, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Anaclet Ngezahayo
- Institute for Biophysics, Leibniz University of Hannover, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrich Neumann
- Poultry Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ralf Jacob
- Institute for Cytobiology and Cytopathology, University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 6, 35037 Marburg, Germany.
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Abstract
Endothelin-1 (EDN1) is an important regulator of H⁺ secretion in the mammalian kidney. EDN1 enhances renal tubule H⁺-ATPase activity, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. To further elucidate the role of EDN1 in vertebrates' acid-base regulation, the present study used zebrafish as the model to examine the effects of EDN1 and its receptors on transepithelial H⁺ secretion. Expression of EDN1 and one of its receptors, EDNRAa, was stimulated in zebrafish acclimated to acidic water. A noninvasive scanning ion-selective electrode technique was used to show that edn1 overexpression enhances H⁺ secretion in embryonic skin at 3 days post fertilization. EDNRAa loss of function significantly decreased EDN1- and acid-induced H⁺ secretion. Abrogation of EDN1-enhanced H⁺ secretion by a vacuolar H⁺-ATPase inhibitor (bafilomycin A1) suggests that EDN1 exerts its action by regulating the H⁺-ATPase-mediated H⁺ secretion. EDN1 does not appear to affect H⁺ secretion through either altering the abundance of H⁺-ATPase or affecting the cell differentiation of H⁺-ATPase-rich ionocytes, because the reduction in secretion upon ednraa knockdown was not accompanied by decreased expression of H⁺-ATPase or reduced H⁺-ATPase-rich cell density. These findings provide evidence that EDN1 signaling is involved in acid-base regulation in zebrafish and enhance our understanding of EDN1 regulation of transepithelial H⁺ secretion in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jey Guh
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences (Y.-J.G., P.-P.H.), National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology (Y.-J.G., C.-Y.Y., P.-P.H.), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Life Science (Y.-C.T.), National Taiwan Normal University and Institute of Fisheries Science (C.-Y.Y.), National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) is not only involved in the maintenance of normal physiological tissue but also in interactions with other ECM components, tissue remodeling, and modulating immune responses. The skin provides a distinctive environment characterized by rich fibroblasts producing various ECM proteins, epithelial-mesenchymal interactions, and immune responses induced by external stimuli. Recently, periostin-a matricellular protein-has been highlighted for its pivotal functions in the skin. Analysis of periostin null mice has revealed that periostin contributes to collagen fibrillogenesis, collagen cross-linking, and the formation of ECM meshwork via interactions with other ECM components. Periostin expression is enhanced by mechanical stress or skin injury; this is indicative of the physiologically protective functions of periostin, which promotes wound repair by acting on keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Along with its physiological functions, periostin plays pathogenic roles in skin fibrosis and chronic allergic inflammation. In systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients, periostin levels reflect the severity of skin fibrosis. Periostin null mice have shown reduced skin fibrosis in a bleomycin-induced SSc mouse model, indicating a key role of periostin in fibrosis. Moreover, in atopic dermatitis (AD), attenuated AD phenotype has been observed in periostin null mice in a house dust mite extract-induced AD mouse model. Th2 cytokine-induced periostin acts on keratinocytes to produce inflammatory cytokines that further enhance the Th2 response, thereby sustaining and amplifying chronic allergic inflammation. Thus, periostin is deeply involved in the pathogenesis of AD and other inflammation-related disorders affecting the skin. Understanding the dynamic actions of periostin would be key to dissecting pathogenesis of skin-related diseases and to developing novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukie Yamaguchi
- Department of Environmental Immuno-Dermatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
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McKenna T, Rosengardten Y, Viceconte N, Baek JH, Grochová D, Eriksson M. Embryonic expression of the common progeroid lamin A splice mutation arrests postnatal skin development. Aging Cell 2014; 13:292-302. [PMID: 24305605 PMCID: PMC4331787 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) and restrictive dermopathy (RD) are two laminopathies caused by mutations leading to cellular accumulation of prelamin A or one of its truncated forms, progerin. One proposed mechanism for the more severe symptoms in patients with RD compared with HGPS is that higher levels of farnesylated lamin A are produced in RD. Here, we show evidence in support of that hypothesis. Overexpression of the most common progeroid lamin A mutation (LMNA c.1824C>T, p.G608G) during skin development results in a severe phenotype, characterized by dry scaly skin. At postnatal day 5 (PD5), progeroid animals showed a hyperplastic epidermis, disorganized sebaceous glands and an acute inflammatory dermal response, also involving the hypodermal fat layer. PD5 animals also showed an upregulation of multiple inflammatory response genes and an activated NF-kB target pathway. Careful analysis of the interfollicular epidermis showed aberrant expression of the lamin B receptor (LBR) in the suprabasal layer. Prolonged expression of LBR, in 14.06% of the cells, likely contributes to the observed arrest of skin development, clearly evident at PD4 when the skin had developed into single-layer epithelium in the wild-type animals while progeroid animals still had the multilayered appearance typical for skin at PD3. Suprabasal cells expressing LBR showed altered DNA distribution, suggesting the induction of gene expression changes. Despite the formation of a functional epidermal barrier and proven functionality of the gap junctions, progeroid animals displayed a greater rate of water loss as compared with wild-type littermates and died within the first two postnatal weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás McKenna
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Center for Biosciences, Karolinska Institutet, NovumSE-14183, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Ylva Rosengardten
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Center for Biosciences, Karolinska Institutet, NovumSE-14183, Huddinge, Sweden
| | | | | | - Diana Grochová
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Center for Biosciences, Karolinska Institutet, NovumSE-14183, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Maria Eriksson
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Center for Biosciences, Karolinska Institutet, NovumSE-14183, Huddinge, Sweden
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Rudzinska M, Bijok J, Tomaszewska K, Massalska D, Gastol P, Ostrowska J, Jakiel G, Roszkowski T. Skin-covered bladder exstrophy diagnosed antenatally. J Ultrasound Med 2013; 32:2043-2045. [PMID: 24154910 DOI: 10.7863/ultra.32.11.2043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
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Hu YJ, Hu ZQ, Feng CB, Miao Y. [Experimental research of hair follicle reconstruction with the aid of embryonic mice dermal cells]. Zhonghua Zheng Xing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2013; 29:192-196. [PMID: 25069346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of embryonic dermal signal on the hair-inductive capacity of neonatal mice dermal cells which have been amplified in vitro. METHODS Embryonic mice dermal cells of embryonic day 14 were added to a chamber on the back of nude mice with neonatal mice dermal cells which had been amplified in vitro for 3 days and freshly isolated neonatal mice epidermal cells. The hair regeneration was compared between the groups with or without embryonic mice dermal cells. Meanwhile, chambers with following cells respectively were constructed as controls: embryonic mice dermal cells + neonatal mice epidermal cells; freshly isolated neonatal mice dermal cells + neonatal mice epidermal cells; amplified neonatal mice dermal cells only; embryonic mice dermal cells only; freshly isolated neonatal mice dermal cells only; neonatal mice epidermal cells only. RESULTS The number of regenerated hairs with the aid of embryonic mice dermal cells (207 +/- 15. 948) was significantly higher than that (67 +/- 8.963) in the group without embryonic mice dermal cells (n = 3, t = 7.653, P = 0.002). CONCLUSION Embryonic dermal signal can enhance the hair-inductive capacity of neonatal mice dermal cells which have been amplified in vitro.
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Gustafsson E, Almonte-Becerril M, Bloch W, Costell M. Perlecan maintains microvessel integrity in vivo and modulates their formation in vitro. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53715. [PMID: 23320101 PMCID: PMC3540034 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Perlecan is a heparan sulfate proteoglycan assembled into the vascular basement membranes (BMs) during vasculogenesis. In the present study we have investigated vessel formation in mice, teratomas and embryoid bodies (EBs) in the absence of perlecan. We found that perlecan was dispensable for blood vessel formation and maturation until embryonic day (E) 12.5. At later stages of development 40% of mutant embryos showed dilated microvessels in brain and skin, which ruptured and led to severe bleedings. Surprisingly, teratomas derived from perlecan-null ES cells showed efficient contribution of perlecan-deficient endothelial cells to an apparently normal tumor vasculature. However, in perlecan-deficient EBs the area occupied by an endothelial network and the number of vessel branches were significantly diminished. Addition of FGF-2 but not VEGF(165) rescued the in vitro deficiency of the mutant ES cells. Furthermore, in the absence of perlecan in the EB matrix lower levels of FGFs are bound, stored and available for cell surface presentation. Altogether these findings suggest that perlecan supports the maintenance of brain and skin subendothelial BMs and promotes vasculo- and angiogenesis by modulating FGF-2 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Gustafsson
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maylin Almonte-Becerril
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México Distrito Federal, México
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mercedes Costell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Abstract
The state of tissue oxygenation is widely recognized as a major microenvironmental cue that is known to regulate the expression of coding genes. Recent works have extended that knowledge to demonstrate that the state of tissue oxygenation may potently regulate the expression of microRNAs (miRs). Collectively, such miRs that are implicated in defining biological outcomes in response to a change in the state of tissue oxygenation may be referred to as oxymiRs. Broadly, oxymiRs may be categorized into three groups: (A) the existence (expression and/or turnover) of which is directly influenced by changes in the state of tissue oxygenation; (B) the existence of which is indirectly (e.g. oxygen-sensitive proteins, metabolites, pH, etc.) influenced by changes in the state of tissue oxygenation; and (C) those that modify biological outcomes to changes in the state of tissue oxygenation by targeting oxygen sensing pathways. This work represents the first review of how oxymiRs may regulate development, repair and regeneration. Currently known oxymiRs may affect the functioning of a large number of coding genes which have hitherto fore never been linked to oxygen sensing. Many of such target genes have been validated and that number is steadily growing. Taken together, our understanding of oxymiRs has vastly expanded the implications of changes in the state of tissue oxygenation. This emerging paradigm has major implications in untangling the complexities underlying diseases associated with ischemia and related hypoxic insult such as chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan K Sen
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cell-Based Therapies, Comprehensive Wound Center and Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Frateschi S, Keppner A, Malsure S, Iwaszkiewicz J, Sergi C, Merillat AM, Fowler-Jaeger N, Randrianarison N, Planès C, Hummler E. Mutations of the serine protease CAP1/Prss8 lead to reduced embryonic viability, skin defects, and decreased ENaC activity. Am J Pathol 2012; 181:605-15. [PMID: 22705055 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Revised: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
CAP1/Prss8 is a membrane-bound serine protease involved in the regulation of several different effectors, such as the epithelial sodium channel ENaC, the protease-activated receptor PAR2, the tight junction proteins, and the profilaggrin polypeptide. Recently, the V170D and the G54-P57 deletion mutations within the CAP1/Prss8 gene, identified in mouse frizzy (fr) and rat hairless (fr(CR)) animals, respectively, have been proposed to be responsible for their skin phenotypes. In the present study, we analyzed those mutations, revealing a change in the protein structure, a modification of the glycosylation state, and an overall reduction in the activation of ENaC of the two mutant proteins. In vivo analyses demonstrated that both fr and fr(CR) mutant animals present analogous reduction of embryonic viability, similar histologic aberrations at the level of the skin, and a significant decrease in the activity of ENaC in the distal colon compared with their control littermates. Hairless rats additionally had dehydration defects in skin and intestine and significant reduction in the body weight. In conclusion, we provided molecular and functional evidence that CAP1/Prss8 mutations are accountable for the defects in fr and fr(CR) animals, and we furthermore demonstrate a decreased function of the CAP1/Prss8 mutant proteins. Therefore, fr and fr(CR) animals are suitable models to investigate the consequences of CAP1/Prss8 action on its target proteins in the whole organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Frateschi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Gangishetti U, Veerkamp J, Bezdan D, Schwarz H, Lohmann I, Moussian B. The transcription factor Grainy head and the steroid hormone ecdysone cooperate during differentiation of the skin of Drosophila melanogaster. Insect Mol Biol 2012; 21:283-295. [PMID: 22458773 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2012.01134.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The arthropod epidermis is an epithelium that deposits the apical cuticle, which is a stratified extracellular matrix (ECM) protecting the animal against pathogens, preventing dehydration and also serving as an exoskeleton. Differentiation of the cuticle conceivably implies coordinated production, secretion and localization of its components. The underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly explored. In this work, we show that the transcription factor Grainy head and the steroid hormone ecdysone drive the production of two partially overlapping sets of cuticle factors. Nevertheless, Grainy head is needed to modulate the expression of ecdysone signalling factors; the significance of this cross-talk is yet unclear. In addition, we found that ecdysone signalling negatively regulates its own impact. In conclusion, our findings suggest that at least two independently triggered pathways have evolved in parallel to cooperatively ensure the stereotypic implementation of the cuticle. As Grainy head is also essential for epithelial differentiation in vertebrates, we speculate that it acts to decode the ancient skin programme common to all animals. Full differentiation of the skin necessitates a second, complementing taxon-specific programme that requires its own decoder, which is represented by ecdysone in arthropods, whereas the vertebrate specific one remains to be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Gangishetti
- Animal Genetics, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle, Tübingen, Germany
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Abstract
The corpus callosum is the most prominent commissural connection between the cortical hemispheres, and numerous neurodevelopmental disorders are associated with callosal agenesis. By using mice either with meningeal overgrowth or selective loss of meninges, we have identified a cascade of morphogenic signals initiated by the meninges that regulates corpus callosum development. The meninges produce BMP7, an inhibitor of callosal axon outgrowth. This activity is overcome by the induction of expression of Wnt3 by the callosal pathfinding neurons, which antagonize the inhibitory effects of BMP7. Wnt3 expression in the cingulate callosal pathfinding axons is developmentally regulated by another BMP family member, GDF5, which is produced by the adjacent Cajal-Retzius neurons and turns on before outgrowth of the callosal axons. The effects of GDF5 are in turn under the control of a soluble GDF5 inhibitor, Dan, made by the meninges. Thus, the meninges and medial neocortex use a cascade of signals to regulate corpus callosum development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngshik Choe
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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Rios AC, Marcelle C. [A tale of stolen kiss in muscle]. Med Sci (Paris) 2012; 28:264-6. [PMID: 22480648 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2012283012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Vorob'eva ÉI. [Processes of scale formation in fish and Agnatha]. Izv Akad Nauk Ser Biol 2012:132-143. [PMID: 22679765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The formation of the scale cover in ancient fish and Agnatha was analyzed using paleontology data on some forms and by studying recent species according to the geochronological principle and morphological--genetic coupling approach. The histogenesis of true scale cover was transformed simultaneously but independently from dermal denticles, when the first process was accompanied by reinforcement of the bones and formation of head-body armor and dermal-like external elements of the skullcap. The scale cover is an independent organ system and is characterized by self-supporting conservative ancestral mechanisms of development.
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