1
|
Piñón Hofbauer J, Guttmann-Gruber C, Wally V, Sharma A, Gratz IK, Koller U. Challenges and progress related to gene editing in rare skin diseases. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 208:115294. [PMID: 38527624 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Genodermatoses represent a large group of inherited skin disorders encompassing clinically-heterogeneous conditions that manifest in the skin and other organs. Depending on disease variant, associated clinical manifestations and secondary complications can severely impact patients' quality of life and currently available treatments are transient and not curative. Multiple emerging approaches using CRISPR-based technologies offer promising prospects for therapy. Here, we explore current advances and challenges related to gene editing in rare skin diseases, including different strategies tailored to mutation type and structural organization of the affected gene, considerations for in vivo and ex vivo applications, the critical issue of delivery into the skin, and immune aspects of therapy. Against the backdrop of a landmark FDA approval for the first re-dosable gene replacement therapy for a rare genetic skin disorder, gene editing approaches are inching closer to the clinics and the possibility of a local permanent cure for patients affected by these disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josefina Piñón Hofbauer
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christina Guttmann-Gruber
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Verena Wally
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Anshu Sharma
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Iris K Gratz
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ulrich Koller
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jiao B, Zhang H, Jiang H, Liu S, Wang Y, Chen Y, Duan H, Niu Y, Shen M, Wang H, Dai Y. Granulysin-mediated reduction of PDZRN3 induces Cx43 gap junctions activity exacerbating skin damage in trichloroethylene hypersensitivity syndrome. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2024; 274:116174. [PMID: 38471344 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Trichloroethylene (TCE)-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (THS) has been a concern for many researchers in the field of environmental and occupational health. Currently, there is no specific treatment for THS, leaving patients to contend with severe infections arising from extensive skin lesions, consequently leading to serious adverse effects. However, the pathogenesis of severe skin damage in THS remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the specific danger signals and mechanisms underlying skin damage in THS through in vivo and in vitro experiments. We identified that cell supernatant containing 15 kDa granulysin (GNLY), released from activated CD3-CD56+NK cells or CD3+CD56+NKT cells in PBMC induced by TCE or its metabolite, promoted apoptosis in HaCaT cells. The apoptosis level decreased upon neutralization of GNLY in the supernatant by a GNLY-neutralizing antibody in HaCaT cells. Subcutaneous injection of recombinant 15 kDa GNLY exacerbated skin damage in the THS mouse model and better mimicked patients' disease states. Recombinant 15 kDa GNLY could directly induce cellular communication disorders, inflammation, and apoptosis in HaCaT cells. In addition to its cytotoxic effects, GNLY released from TCE-activated NK cells and NKT cells or synthesized GNLY alone could induce aberrant expression of the E3 ubiquitin ligase PDZRN3, causing dysregulation of the ubiquitination of the cell itself. Consequently, this resulted in the persistent opening of gap junctions composed of connexin43, thereby intensifying cellular inflammation and apoptosis through the "bystander effect". This study provides experimental evidence elucidating the mechanisms of THS skin damage and offers a novel theoretical foundation for the development of effective therapies targeting severe dermatitis induced by chemicals or drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Jiao
- National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Occupational disease, Qingdao Central Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Haiqin Jiang
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Center for STD and Leprosy Control, China CDC, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yican Wang
- National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Huawei Duan
- National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yong Niu
- National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Meili Shen
- National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hongsheng Wang
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Center for STD and Leprosy Control, China CDC, Nanjing, China
| | - Yufei Dai
- National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China; China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Feng F, Li R, Tian R, Wu X, Zhang N, Nie Z. The causal relationship between gut microbiota and immune skin diseases: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298443. [PMID: 38512926 PMCID: PMC10956797 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence suggests that alterations in gut microbiota are associated with a variety of skin diseases. However, whether this association reflects a causal relationship remains unknown. We aimed to reveal the causal relationship between gut microbiota and skin diseases, including psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, acne, and lichen planus. METHODS We obtained full genetic association summary data for gut microbiota, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, acne, and lichen planus from public databases and used three methods, mainly inverse variance weighting, to analyze the causal relationships between gut microbiota and these skin diseases using bidirectional Mendelian randomization, as well as sensitivity and stability analysis of the results using multiple methods. RESULTS The results showed that there were five associated genera in the psoriasis group, seven associated genera were obtained in the atopic dermatitis group, a total of ten associated genera in the acne group, and four associated genera in the lichen planus group. The results corrected for false discovery rate showed that Eubacteriumfissicatenagroup (P = 2.20E-04, OR = 1.24, 95%CI:1.11-1.40) and psoriasis still showed a causal relationship. In contrast, in the reverse Mendelian randomization results, there was no evidence of an association between these skin diseases and gut microbiota. CONCLUSION We demonstrated a causal relationship between gut microbiota and immune skin diseases and provide a new therapeutic perspective for the study of immune diseases: targeted modulation of dysregulation of specific bacterial taxa to prevent and treat psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, acne, and lichen planus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Feng
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruicheng Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui Tian
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xueyi Wu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Nannan Zhang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenhua Nie
- Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mattia A, Thompson A, Lee SJ, Richardson S, Guimarães LM, Gomes CC, Gomez RS, Schaffer A. Plaque-like cutaneous mucinosis in a patient with KRAS-mutated giant cell granuloma of the jaw. Int J Dermatol 2024; 63:348-350. [PMID: 38219267 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.17028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthony Thompson
- Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Sena J Lee
- Division of Dermatology and Dentistry, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Stephen Richardson
- Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA
- University of Central Florida HCA Florida Healthcare Graduate Medical Education, Tallahassee, FL, USA
- Dermatology Associates of Tallahassee, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Letícia M Guimarães
- Department of Pathology, Biological Science Institute (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Carolina C Gomes
- Department of Pathology, Biological Science Institute (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ricardo S Gomez
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais and Medical School, Faculdade Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - András Schaffer
- Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA
- University of Central Florida HCA Florida Healthcare Graduate Medical Education, Tallahassee, FL, USA
- Dermatology Associates of Tallahassee, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Döbel T, Schäkel K. Transcriptional landscape of macrophages in cutaneous graft-versus-host disease. Br J Dermatol 2024; 190:298. [PMID: 38014744 DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljad458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
We are submitting a comment on a study authored by: J. Strobel, L. M. Gail, L. Krecu, S. Madad, L. Kleissl, L. Unterluggauer, A. Redl, K. Brazdilova, S. Saluzzo, P. Wohlfarth, H. A. Knaus, M. Mitterbauer, W. Rabitsch, M. Haniffa and G. Stary, "Diverse macrophage populations contribute to distinct manifestations of human cutaneous graft-versus-host disease," British Journal of Dermatology, 2023.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Döbel
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Heidelberg,Germany
| | - Knut Schäkel
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Heidelberg,Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Colvin A, Youssef S, Noh H, Wright J, Jumonville G, LaRow Brown K, Tatonetti NP, Milner JD, Weng C, Bordone LA, Petukhova L. Inborn Errors of Immunity Contribute to the Burden of Skin Disease and Create Opportunities for Improving the Practice of Dermatology. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:307-315.e1. [PMID: 37716649 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Opportunities to improve the clinical management of skin disease are being created by advances in genomic medicine. Large-scale sequencing increasingly challenges notions about single-gene disorders. It is now apparent that monogenic etiologies make appreciable contributions to the population burden of disease and that they are underrecognized in clinical practice. A genetic diagnosis informs on molecular pathology and may direct targeted treatments and tailored prevention strategies for patients and family members. It also generates knowledge about disease pathogenesis and management that is relevant to patients without rare pathogenic variants. Inborn errors of immunity are a large class of monogenic etiologies that have been well-studied and contribute to the population burden of inflammatory diseases. To further delineate the contributions of inborn errors of immunity to the pathogenesis of skin disease, we performed a set of analyses that identified 316 inborn errors of immunity associated with skin pathologies, including common skin diseases. These data suggest that clinical sequencing is underutilized in dermatology. We next use these data to derive a network that illuminates the molecular relationships of these disorders and suggests an underlying etiological organization to immune-mediated skin disease. Our results motivate the further development of a molecularly derived and data-driven reorganization of clinical diagnoses of skin disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annelise Colvin
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Soundos Youssef
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Heeju Noh
- Department of Systems Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Julia Wright
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ghislaine Jumonville
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kathleen LaRow Brown
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nicholas P Tatonetti
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA; Department of Computational Biomedicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, West Hollywood, California, USA; Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Joshua D Milner
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Chunhua Weng
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lindsey A Bordone
- Department of Dermatology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lynn Petukhova
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA; Department of Dermatology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Patrick MT, Sreeskandarajan S, Shefler A, Wasikowski R, Sarkar MK, Chen J, Qin T, Billi AC, Kahlenberg JM, Prens E, Hovnanian A, Weidinger S, Elder JT, Kuo CC, Gudjonsson JE, Tsoi LC. Large-scale functional inference for skin-expressing lncRNAs using expression and sequence information. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e172956. [PMID: 38131377 PMCID: PMC10807743 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.172956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate the expression of protein-coding genes and have been shown to play important roles in inflammatory skin diseases. However, we still have limited understanding of the functional impact of lncRNAs in skin, partly due to their tissue specificity and lower expression levels compared with protein-coding genes. We compiled a comprehensive list of 18,517 lncRNAs from different sources and studied their expression profiles in 834 RNA-Seq samples from multiple inflammatory skin conditions and cytokine-stimulated keratinocytes. Applying a balanced random forest to predict involvement in biological functions, we achieved a median AUROC of 0.79 in 10-fold cross-validation, identifying significant DNA binding domains (DBDs) for 39 lncRNAs. G18244, a skin-expressing lncRNA predicted for IL-4/IL-13 signaling in keratinocytes, was highly correlated in expression with F13A1, a protein-coding gene involved in macrophage regulation, and we further identified a significant DBD in F13A1 for G18244. Reflecting clinical implications, AC090198.1 (predicted for IL-17 pathway) and AC005332.6 (predicted for IFN-γ pathway) had significant negative correlation with the SCORAD metric for atopic dermatitis. We also utilized single-cell RNA and spatial sequencing data to validate cell type specificity. Our research demonstrates lncRNAs have important immunological roles and can help prioritize their impact on inflammatory skin diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T. Patrick
- Department of Dermatology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sutharzan Sreeskandarajan
- Department of Dermatology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (CAGE), Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Alanna Shefler
- Department of Dermatology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Rachael Wasikowski
- Department of Dermatology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Mrinal K. Sarkar
- Department of Dermatology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jiahan Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- College of Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Tingting Qin
- Department of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics and
| | - Allison C. Billi
- Department of Dermatology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - J. Michelle Kahlenberg
- Department of Dermatology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Errol Prens
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alain Hovnanian
- Laboratory of Genetic Skin Diseases, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Stephan Weidinger
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - James T. Elder
- Department of Dermatology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Chao-Chung Kuo
- Institute for Computational Genomics, Joint Research Center for Computational Biomedicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Johann E. Gudjonsson
- Department of Dermatology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Lam C. Tsoi
- Department of Dermatology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics and
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hirayama A, Nobeyama Y, Asahina A. Relationships between severities of dermatological, neurological, and bone manifestations in neurofibromatosis type 1. J Dermatol 2023; 50:1647-1649. [PMID: 37830394 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.16992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arisa Hirayama
- Department of Dermatology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Nobeyama
- Department of Dermatology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Asahina
- Department of Dermatology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yu N, Yuan B, Cai J, Liu J, Zhang W, Bao W, Wang J. Loss of ARHGAP40 expression in basal cell carcinoma via CpG island hypermethylation. Exp Dermatol 2023; 32:2094-2101. [PMID: 37822129 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common malignant tumour arising from the basal cells of the epidermis or follicular structures. The aetiology of BCC is a multifactorial combination of genotype, phenotype and environmental factors. The pathogenesis of BCC remains unclear, with diverse and complex signalling pathways involved. ARHGAP40 is a Rho GTPase-activating protein (RhoGAP). Rho GTPases play a crucial role in the formation and progression of numerous cancers. The expression levels and roles of ARHGAP40 in BCC have not been explored. Here, ARHGAP40 expression was detected in a set of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples of basal cell carcinoma, paracancerous normal skin and benign skin lesions. The epigenetic mechanism that downregulates ARHGAP40 in basal cell carcinoma was investigated. We found that ARHGAP40 is expressed in normal basal cells and most benign skin lesions but lost in most basal cell carcinomas. We detected CpG island hypermethylation at the promoter-associated region of ARHGAP40. Our data suggest that ARHGAP40 is downregulated in BCC due to hypermethylation. ARHGAP40 protein is a potential novel biomarker for distinguishing trichoblastoma from BCC. This report is preliminary, and extensive research into the role of ARHGAP40 in BCC carcinogenesis and its potential as a treatment target is required in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Yu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Taixing People's Hospital, Taixing, China
| | - Bei Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Cai
- Department of Oncology, Taixing People's Hospital, Taixing, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Taixing People's Hospital, Taixing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Taixing People's Hospital, Taixing, China
| | - Wei Bao
- Department of Pathology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiandong Wang
- Department of Pathology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Uitto J, Saeidian AH, Youssefian L, Vahidnezhad H. Interpretation of genomic sequence variants in heritable skin diseases: A primer for clinicians. J Am Acad Dermatol 2023; 89:569-576. [PMID: 34118299 PMCID: PMC8655317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2021.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Over 1000 heritable disorders have cutaneous manifestations, some of which are syndromicin association with extracutaneous manifestations, whereas others are limited to the skin. The genetic basis of many of these conditions has been deciphered, and mutation analyses using next-generation sequencing approaches, including whole-exome sequencing, whole-genome sequencing, and whole-transcriptome analysis, are now increasingly becoming part of the diagnostic process. Besides confirming the diagnosis, information on the specific mutations can be used for subclassification with prognostication and identification of the carriers, leading to accurate genetic counseling. It also forms a basis for prenatal testing and preimplantation genetic diagnosis. Furthermore, the ongoing therapeutics developments for heritable skin diseases are often allele-specific, necessitating the knowledge of the specific genes and mutations. Although practicing clinicians increasingly employ molecular diagnostics for heritable skin diseases, they often lack the sufficient knowledge required to interpret the implications of the mutations with precision. The purpose of this primer is to provide an overview of mutation-detection strategies and how to interpret genetic information for improved diagnostics and the management of such patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jouni Uitto
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Jefferson Center for Heritable Connective Tissue and Skin Diseases, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Amir Hossein Saeidian
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Genetics, Genomics and Cancer Biology Graduate Program, Jefferson College of Life Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Leila Youssefian
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Jefferson Center for Heritable Connective Tissue and Skin Diseases, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hassan Vahidnezhad
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Jefferson Center for Heritable Connective Tissue and Skin Diseases, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hu B, Gong Z, Peng S, Wang H, Chen L, Lin Z. PLACK syndrome caused by novel pathogenic variants in CAST: a case report and literature review. Clin Exp Dermatol 2023; 48:1052-1055. [PMID: 37140444 DOI: 10.1093/ced/llad167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We report on a patient with PLACK syndrome carrying compound heterozygous novel variants in CAST, and provide a literature review. PLACK syndrome is an extremely rare skin disease with only 10 cases reported worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhuoqing Gong
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Sha Peng
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huijin Wang
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liuqing Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhimiao Lin
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Xintong Z, Kexin Z, Junwen W, Ziyi W, Na L, Hong G. Whole-exome sequencing enables rapid and prenatal diagnosis of inherited skin disorders. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:193. [PMID: 37605172 PMCID: PMC10440863 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01628-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genodermatoses are a broad group of disorders with specific or non-specific skin-based phenotypes, most of which are monogenic disorders. However, it's a great challenge to make a precise molecular diagnosis because of the clinical heterogeneity. The genetic and clinical heterogeneity brings great challenges for diagnosis in dermatology. The whole exome sequencing (WES) not only expedites the discovery of the genetic variations, but also contributes to genetic counselling and prenatal diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Followed by the initial clinical and pathological diagnosis, genetic variations were identified by WES. The pathogenicity of the copy number variations (CNVs) and single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) were evaluated according to ACMG guidelines. Candidate pathogenic SNVs were confirmed by Sanger sequencing in the proband and the family members. RESULTS Totally 25 cases were recruited. Nine novel variations, including c.5546G > C and c.1457delC in NF1, c.6110G > T in COL7A1, c.2127delG in TSC1, c.1445 C > A and c.1265G > A in TYR, Xp22.31 deletion in STS, c.908 C > T in ATP2A2, c.1371insC in IKBKG, and nine known ones were identified in 16 cases (64%). Prenatal diagnosis was applied in 6 pregnant women by amniocentesis, two of whom carried positive findings. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlighted the value of WES as a first-tier genetic test in determining the molecular diagnosis. We also discovered the distribution of genodermatoses in this district, which provided a novel clinical dataset for dermatologists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Xintong
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Science, Army Medical University, 30# Gaotanyan St., Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, P.R. China
| | - Zhang Kexin
- Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, 30# Gaotanyan St., Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, P.R. China
| | - Wang Junwen
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Science, Army Medical University, 30# Gaotanyan St., Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, P.R. China
| | - Wang Ziyi
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Science, Army Medical University, 30# Gaotanyan St., Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, P.R. China
| | - Luo Na
- Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, 30# Gaotanyan St., Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, P.R. China.
| | - Guo Hong
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Science, Army Medical University, 30# Gaotanyan St., Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yumiceba V, Spielmann M. When too much is too much: noncoding duplications in skin disorders. Br J Dermatol 2023; 188:e2-e3. [PMID: 36689508 DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljac030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In the current issue of the British Journal of Dermatology, Liu & Banka & Huang et al report the first example of an inherited cancer predisposition syndrome caused by non-coding duplications on chromosome Xq26.1
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Yumiceba
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Schleswig-Holstein, University of Lübeck and Kiel University, 23562 Lübeck, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Malte Spielmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Schleswig-Holstein, University of Lübeck and Kiel University, 23562 Lübeck, 24105 Kiel, Germany
- DZHK e.V. (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Liang Y, Gu T, Peng S, Lin Y, Liu J, Wang X, Huang X, Zhang X, Zhu J, Zhao L, Fan C, Wang G, Gu X, Lin J. p16 INK4a Plays Critical Role in Exacerbating Inflammaging in High Fat Diet Induced Skin. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2022; 2022:3415528. [PMID: 36457728 PMCID: PMC9706253 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3415528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long term high fat diets (HFD) promote skin aging pathogenesis, but detailed mechanisms remain unclear especially for inflammaging, which has recently emerged as a pathway correlating aging and age-related disease with inflammation. p16INK4a (hereafter termed p16) inhibits the cell cycle, with p16 deletion significantly inhibiting inflammaging. We observed that HFD-induced p16 overexpression in the skin. Therefore, we investigated if p16 exacerbated inflammaging in HFD-induced skin and also if p16 deletion exerted protective effects against this process. METHODS Eight-week-old double knockout (KO) ApoE-/-p16-/- mice and ApoE-/- littermates were fed HFD for 12 weeks and their skin phenotypes were analyzed. We measured skin fibrosis, senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) levels, and integrin-inflammasome pathway activation using histopathological, RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq), bioinformatics analysis, and molecular techniques. RESULTS We found that HFD contributed to inflammaging in the skin by activating the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway, increasing inflammatory infiltration, and promoting apoptosis by balancing expression between proapoptotic and antiapoptotic molecules. p16 knockout, when compared with the ApoE-/- phenotype, inhibited skin fibrosis by ameliorating inflammatory infiltration and proinflammatory factor expression (Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)), and also alleviated inflammaging skin progress induced by HFD in the ApoE-/- mouse model. RNA-seq showed that p16 KO mice inhibited both integrin-inflammasome and NF-κB proinflammatory pathway activation. CONCLUSIONS p16 deletion or p16 positive cell clearance could be a novel strategy preventing long term HFD-induced skin aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Affiliated Friendship Plastic Surgery Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Tianya Gu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Affiliated Friendship Plastic Surgery Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Su Peng
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Affiliated Friendship Plastic Surgery Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yi Lin
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Affiliated Friendship Plastic Surgery Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - JiaBao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214062, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Affiliated Friendship Plastic Surgery Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214062, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214062, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214062, China
| | - Changyan Fan
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214062, China
| | - Guangyan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214062, China
| | - Xin Gu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Affiliated Friendship Plastic Surgery Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214062, China
| | - JinDe Lin
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Affiliated Friendship Plastic Surgery Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kanda N. Editorial: Special Issue, “Molecular Advances in Skin Diseases”. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012396. [PMID: 36293252 PMCID: PMC9604500 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Kanda
- Department of Dermatology, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, Kamagari 1715, Inzai 270-1694, Chiba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Han JH, Ryan G, Guy A, Liu L, Quinodoz M, Helbling I, Lai-Cheong JE, Barwell J, Folcher M, McGrath JA, Moss C, Rivolta C. Mutations in the ribosome biogenesis factor gene LTV1 are linked to LIPHAK syndrome, a novel poikiloderma-like disorder. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:1970-1978. [PMID: 34999892 PMCID: PMC9239743 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the framework of the UK 100 000 Genomes Project, we investigated the genetic origin of a previously undescribed recessive dermatological condition, which we named LIPHAK (LTV1-associated Inflammatory Poikiloderma with Hair abnormalities and Acral Keratoses), in four affected individuals from two UK families of Pakistani and Indian origins, respectively. Our analysis showed that only one gene, LTV1, carried rare biallelic variants that were shared in all affected individuals, and specifically they bore the NM_032860.5:c.503A > G, p.(Asn168Ser) change, found homozygously in all of them. In addition, high-resolution homozygosity mapping revealed the presence of a small 652-kb stretch on chromosome 6, encompassing LTV1, that was haploidentical and common to all affected individuals. The c.503A > G variant was predicted by in silico tools to affect the correct splicing of LTV1's exon 5. Minigene-driven splicing assays in HEK293T cells and in a skin sample from one of the patients confirmed that this variant was indeed responsible for the creation of a new donor splice site, resulting in aberrant splicing and in a premature termination codon in exon 6 of this gene. LTV1 encodes one of the ribosome biogenesis factors that promote the assembly of the small (40S) ribosomal subunit. In yeast, defects in LTV1 alter the export of nascent ribosomal subunits to the cytoplasm; however, the role of this gene in human pathology is unknown to date. Our data suggest that LIPHAK could be a previously unrecognized ribosomopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hoon Han
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gavin Ryan
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory, Central and South Genomic Laboratory Hub, Birmingham B15 2TG, UK
| | - Alyson Guy
- Viapath, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Lu Liu
- Viapath, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Mathieu Quinodoz
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Ingrid Helbling
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester LE1 5WW, UK
| | | | | | - Julian Barwell
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester LE1 5WW, UK
| | - Marc Folcher
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - John A McGrath
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London (Guy's campus), London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Celia Moss
- Department of Paediatric Dermatology, Birmingham Women’s and Children’s Hospital NHS FT, Birmingham B4 6NH, UK
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Carlo Rivolta
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Brandão LAC, de Moura RR, Marzano AV, Moltrasio C, Tricarico PM, Crovella S. Variant Enrichment Analysis to Explore Pathways Functionality in Complex Autoinflammatory Skin Disorders through Whole Exome Sequencing Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2278. [PMID: 35216413 PMCID: PMC8877088 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The challenge of unravelling the molecular basis of multifactorial disorders nowadays cannot rely just on association studies searching for potential causative variants shared by groups of patients and not present in healthy individuals; indeed, association studies have as a main limitation the lack of information on the interactions between the disease-causing variants. Thus, new genomic analysis tools focusing on disrupted pathways rather than associated gene variants are required to better understand the complexity of a disease. Therefore, we developed the Variant Enrichment Analysis (VEA) workflow, a tool applicable for whole exome sequencing data, able to find differences between the numbers of genetic variants in a given pathway in comparison with a reference dataset. In this study, we applied VEA to discover novel pathways altered in patients with complex autoinflammatory skin disorders, namely PASH (n = 9), 3 of whom are overlapping with SAPHO) and PAPASH (n = 3). With this approach we have been able to identify pathways related to neutrophil and endothelial cells homeostasis/activations, as disrupted in our patients. We hypothesized that unregulated neutrophil transendothelial migration could elicit increased neutrophil infiltration and tissue damage. Based on our findings, VEA, in our experimental dataset, allowed us to predict novel pathways impaired in subjects with autoinflammatory skin disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas André Cavalcanti Brandão
- Department of Advanced Diagnostics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (L.A.C.B.); (P.M.T.)
| | - Ronald Rodrigues de Moura
- Department of Advanced Diagnostics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (L.A.C.B.); (P.M.T.)
| | - Angelo Valerio Marzano
- Dermatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (A.V.M.); (C.M.)
- Department of Physiopathology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Moltrasio
- Dermatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (A.V.M.); (C.M.)
- Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34137 Trieste, Italy
| | - Paola Maura Tricarico
- Department of Advanced Diagnostics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (L.A.C.B.); (P.M.T.)
| | - Sergio Crovella
- Biological Science Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Qatar, Doha 2713, Qatar;
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ge Y, Luo J, Li D, Li C, Huang J, Yu H, Lin X, Li Y, Man M, Zhang J, Zhang J, Hu L. Deficiency of vitamin D receptor in keratinocytes augments dermal fibrosis and inflammation in a mouse model of HOCl-induced scleroderma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 591:1-6. [PMID: 34986435 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.12.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Scleroderma, characterized by extensive fibrosis and vascular alterations, involves excessive fibroblast activation, uncontrolled inflammation, and abnormal collagen deposition. Previous studies showed that administrations of either 1,25(OH)2D3 or vitamin D analog effectively decreased or reversed skin fibrosis by regulating the extracellular matrix homeostasis. The actions of 1,25(OH)2D3 are mediated by the vitamin D receptor (VDR), a transcription regulator crucial for skin homeostasis. Although evidence suggests that keratinocyte-fibroblast interaction influences the development of scleroderma, the role of keratinocytes in scleroderma remains unknown. Here, we demonstrated that the ablation of VDR in keratinocytes greatly exacerbated dermal fibrosis in HOCl-induced scleroderma in mice. The deficiency of VDR in the epidermis marked increased dermal thickness, inflammatory cell infiltration, and severe collagen deposition in comparison to the control group in HOCl-treated skin. Moreover, significant elevations in expression levels of mRNA for collagen overproduction (Col1A1, Col1A2, Col3A1, α-SMA, MMP9, TGF-β1) and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, CXCL1, CXCL2) were observed in VDR conditional KO versus control mice following HOCl treatment. Collectively, these results suggest that VDR in keratinocytes plays a pivotal role in scleroderma progression, and the interplay between keratinocytes and fibroblasts deserves more attention regarding the exploration of the pathogenesis and treatment for scleroderma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yicheng Ge
- Immunology Department, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Immunology Department, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Dan Li
- Immunology Department, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Chenxi Li
- Immunology Department, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Junkai Huang
- Immunology Department, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Haoyue Yu
- Immunology Department, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xinyi Lin
- Immunology Department, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Yingxi Li
- Immunology Department, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Maoqiang Man
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510091, China
| | - Junling Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, No. 354, Bei Road, Hongqiao District, Tianjin, 300120, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Immunology Department, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| | - Lizhi Hu
- Immunology Department, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Amin R, Lechner A, Vogt A, Blume-Peytavi U, Kottner J. Molecular characterization of xerosis cutis: A systematic review. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261253. [PMID: 34914754 PMCID: PMC8675746 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Xerosis cutis or dry skin is a highly prevalent dermatological disorder especially in the elderly and in patients with underlying health conditions. In the past decades, numerous molecular markers have been investigated for their association with the occurrence or severity of skin dryness. The aim of this review was to summarize the molecular markers used in xerosis cutis research and to describe possible associations with different dry skin etiologies. Methods We conducted a systematic review of molecular markers of xerosis cutis caused by internal or systemic changes. References published between 1990 and September 2020 were searched using ‘MEDLINE’, ‘EMBASE’ and ‘Biological abstracts’ databases. Study results were summarized and analyzed descriptively. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO database (CRD42020214173). Results A total of 21 study reports describing 72 molecules were identified including lipids, natural moisturizing factors (NMFs), proteins including cytokines and metabolites or metabolic products. Most frequently reported markers were ceramides, total free fatty acids, triglycerides and selected components of NMFs. Thirty-one markers were reported only once. Although, associations of these molecular markers with skin dryness were described, reports of unclear and/or no association were also frequent for nearly every marker. Conclusion An unexpectedly high number of various molecules to quantify xerosis cutis was found. There is substantial heterogeneity regarding molecular marker selection, tissue sampling and laboratory analyses. Empirical evidence is also heterogeneous regarding possible associations with dry skin. Total free fatty acids, total ceramide, ceramide (NP), ceramide (NS), triglyceride, total free amino acids and serine seem to be relevant, but the association with dry skin is inconsistent. Although the quantification of molecular markers plays an important role in characterizing biological processes, pathogenic processes or pharmacologic responses, it is currently unclear which molecules work best in xerosis cutis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruhul Amin
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Berlin, Germany
- BCSIR Laboratories Dhaka, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Anna Lechner
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annika Vogt
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Blume-Peytavi
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Kottner
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Clinical Nursing Science, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Shen CY, Lu CH, Wu CH, Li KJ, Kuo YM, Hsieh SC, Yu CL. Molecular Basis of Accelerated Aging with Immune Dysfunction-Mediated Inflammation (Inflamm-Aging) in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123402. [PMID: 34943909 PMCID: PMC8699891 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic connective tissue disorder characterized by immune dysregulation, chronic inflammation, vascular endothelial cell dysfunction, and progressive tissue fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. Moreover, increased cancer incidence and accelerated aging are also found. The increased cancer incidence is believed to be a result of chromosome instability. Accelerated cellular senescence has been confirmed by the shortening of telomere length due to increased DNA breakage, abnormal DNA repair response, and telomerase deficiency mediated by enhanced oxidative/nitrative stresses. The immune dysfunctions of SSc patients are manifested by excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1, IL-6, IL-17, IFN-α, and TNF-α, which can elicit potent tissue inflammation followed by tissue fibrosis. Furthermore, a number of autoantibodies including anti-topoisomerase 1 (anti-TOPO-1), anti-centromere (ACA or anti-CENP-B), anti-RNA polymerase enzyme (anti-RNAP III), anti-ribonuclear proteins (anti-U1, U2, and U11/U12 RNP), anti-nucleolar antigens (anti-Th/T0, anti-NOR90, anti-Ku, anti-RuvBL1/2, and anti-PM/Scl), and anti-telomere-associated proteins were also found. Based on these data, inflamm-aging caused by immune dysfunction-mediated inflammation exists in patients with SSc. Hence, increased cellular senescence is elicited by the interactions among excessive oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and autoantibodies. In the present review, we will discuss in detail the molecular basis of chromosome instability, increased oxidative stress, and functional adaptation by deranged immunome, which are related to inflamm-aging in patients with SSc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Yu Shen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan; (C.-Y.S.); (C.-H.L.); (C.-H.W.); (K.-J.L.); (Y.-M.K.)
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsun Lu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan; (C.-Y.S.); (C.-H.L.); (C.-H.W.); (K.-J.L.); (Y.-M.K.)
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Han Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan; (C.-Y.S.); (C.-H.L.); (C.-H.W.); (K.-J.L.); (Y.-M.K.)
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Jen Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan; (C.-Y.S.); (C.-H.L.); (C.-H.W.); (K.-J.L.); (Y.-M.K.)
| | - Yu-Min Kuo
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan; (C.-Y.S.); (C.-H.L.); (C.-H.W.); (K.-J.L.); (Y.-M.K.)
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Song-Chou Hsieh
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan; (C.-Y.S.); (C.-H.L.); (C.-H.W.); (K.-J.L.); (Y.-M.K.)
- Correspondence: (S.-C.H.); (C.-L.Y.); Tel.: +886-2-23123456 (S.-C.H. & C.-L.Y.)
| | - Chia-Li Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan; (C.-Y.S.); (C.-H.L.); (C.-H.W.); (K.-J.L.); (Y.-M.K.)
- Correspondence: (S.-C.H.); (C.-L.Y.); Tel.: +886-2-23123456 (S.-C.H. & C.-L.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Canine genodermatoses represent a broad spectrum of diseases with diverse phenotypes. Modern genetic technology including whole genome sequencing has expedited the identification of novel genes and greatly simplified the establishment of genetic diagnoses in such heterogeneous disorders. The precise genetic diagnosis of a heritable skin disorder is essential for the appropriate counselling of owners regarding the course of the disease, prognosis and implications for breeding. Understanding the underlying pathophysiology is a prerequisite to developing specific, targeted or individualized therapeutic approaches. This review aims to create a comprehensive overview of canine genodermatoses and their respective genetic aetiology known to date. Raising awareness of genodermatoses in dogs is important and this review may help clinicians to apply modern genetics in daily clinical practice, so that a precise diagnoses can be established in suspected genodermatoses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tosso Leeb
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; Dermfocus, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Petra Roosje
- Dermfocus, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; Division of Clinical Dermatology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Monika Welle
- Dermfocus, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
Inflammatory skin diseases are induced by disorders of the host defense system of the skin, which is composed of a barrier, innate and acquired immunity, as well as the cutaneous microbiome. These disorders are characterized by recurrent cutaneous lesions and intense itch, which seriously affecting life quality of people across all ages and ethnicities. To elucidate molecular factors for typical inflammatory skin diseases (such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis), transcriptomic profiling assays have been largely performed. Additionally, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) as well as spatial transcriptomic profiling have revealed multiple potential translational targets and offered guides to improve diagnosis and treatment strategies for inflammatory skin diseases. High-throughput transcriptomics data has shown unprecedented power to disclose the complex pathophysiology of inflammatory skin diseases. Here, we will summarize discoveries from transcriptomics data and discuss how to maximize the transcriptomics data to propel the development of diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in inflammatory skin diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingni Wu
- Precision Research Center for Refractory Diseases, Institute for Clinical Research, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhixiao Fang
- Precision Research Center for Refractory Diseases, Institute for Clinical Research, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Teng Liu
- Precision Research Center for Refractory Diseases, Institute for Clinical Research, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Precision Research Center for Refractory Diseases, Institute for Clinical Research, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangjun Wu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengli Li
- Precision Research Center for Refractory Diseases, Institute for Clinical Research, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yang R, Wang RC. Research Techniques Made Simple: Studying Circular RNA in Skin Diseases. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:2313-2319.e1. [PMID: 34560913 PMCID: PMC8480520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.07.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a unique class of covalently closed, single-stranded RNAs. High-throughput sequencing has uncovered the abundance and complexity of circRNAs. Changes in levels of circRNAs correlate with diverse disease states, including many skin diseases. CircRNAs can function as microRNA inhibitors, protein interactors, or mRNAs. Although circRNAs do have unique topological features, they share many similarities, including primary sequence, with their linear orthologs, so carefully controlled experiments are required to detect and study them. Here, we summarize some protocols used in the identification, validation, and characterization of circRNAs. We also discuss ways to repress and overexpress specific circRNAs to assess potential unique functions for these molecules. These techniques may be useful in exploring how circRNAs contribute to skin disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Yang
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Richard C Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Affiliation(s)
- Fiore Casale
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine
| | - Cristina Nguyen
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine
| | - Suzanne W Birmingham
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Affiliation(s)
- Bogi Andersen
- Departments of Medicine and Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine
| | - Sarah Millar
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Departments of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology and Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Shi C, Ray-Jones H, Ding J, Duffus K, Fu Y, Gaddi VP, Gough O, Hankinson J, Martin P, McGovern A, Yarwood A, Gaffney P, Eyre S, Rattray M, Warren RB, Orozco G. Chromatin Looping Links Target Genes with Genetic Risk Loci for Dermatological Traits. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:1975-1984. [PMID: 33607115 PMCID: PMC8315765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Chromatin looping between regulatory elements and gene promoters presents a potential mechanism whereby disease risk variants affect their target genes. In this study, we use H3K27ac HiChIP, a method for assaying the active chromatin interactome in two cell lines: keratinocytes and skin lymphoma-derived CD8+ T cells. We integrate public datasets for a lymphoblastoid cell line and primary CD4+ T cells and identify gene targets at risk loci for skin-related disorders. Interacting genes enrich for pathways of known importance in each trait, such as cytokine response (psoriatic arthritis and psoriasis) and replicative senescence (melanoma). We show examples of how our analysis can inform changes in the current understanding of multiple psoriasis-associated risk loci. For example, the variant rs10794648, which is generally assigned to IFNLR1, was linked to GRHL3, a gene essential in skin repair and development, in our dataset. Our findings, therefore, indicate a renewed importance of skin-related factors in the risk of disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenfu Shi
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
| | - Helen Ray-Jones
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Dermatology Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - James Ding
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Duffus
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Yao Fu
- Genes & Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Vasanthi Priyadarshini Gaddi
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Gough
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny Hankinson
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Martin
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda McGovern
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Annie Yarwood
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Dermatology Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Gaffney
- Genes & Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Steve Eyre
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Magnus Rattray
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Richard B Warren
- Dermatology Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Gisela Orozco
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Roy S, Chompunud Na Ayudhya C, Thapaliya M, Deepak V, Ali H. Multifaceted MRGPRX2: New insight into the role of mast cells in health and disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 148:293-308. [PMID: 33957166 PMCID: PMC8355064 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous mast cells (MCs) express Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor-X2 (MRGPRX2; mouse ortholog MrgprB2), which is activated by an ever-increasing number of cationic ligands. Antimicrobial host defense peptides (HDPs) generated by keratinocytes contribute to host defense likely by 2 mechanisms, one involving direct killing of microbes and the other via MC activation through MRGPRX2. However, its inappropriate activation may cause pseudoallergy and likely contribute to the pathogenesis of rosacea, atopic dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, urticaria, and mastocytosis. Gain- and loss-of-function missense single nucleotide polymorphisms in MRGPRX2 have been identified. The ability of certain ligands to serve as balanced or G protein-biased agonists has been defined. Small-molecule HDP mimetics that display both direct antimicrobial activity and activate MCs via MRGPRX2 have been developed. In addition, antibodies and reagents that modulate MRGPRX2 expression and signaling have been generated. In this article, we provide a comprehensive update on MrgprB2 and MRGPRX2 biology. We propose that harnessing MRGPRX2's host defense function by small-molecule HDP mimetics may provide a novel approach for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant cutaneous infections. In contrast, MRGPRX2-specific antibodies and inhibitors could be used for the modulation of allergic and inflammatory diseases that are mediated via this receptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saptarshi Roy
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Chalatip Chompunud Na Ayudhya
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Monica Thapaliya
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Vishwa Deepak
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Hydar Ali
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, Pa.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Deng CC, Hu YF, Zhu DH, Cheng Q, Gu JJ, Feng QL, Zhang LX, Xu YP, Wang D, Rong Z, Yang B. Single-cell RNA-seq reveals fibroblast heterogeneity and increased mesenchymal fibroblasts in human fibrotic skin diseases. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3709. [PMID: 34140509 PMCID: PMC8211847 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24110-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrotic skin disease represents a major global healthcare burden, characterized by fibroblast hyperproliferation and excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix. Fibroblasts are found to be heterogeneous in multiple fibrotic diseases, but fibroblast heterogeneity in fibrotic skin diseases is not well characterized. In this study, we explore fibroblast heterogeneity in keloid, a paradigm of fibrotic skin diseases, by using single-cell RNA-seq. Our results indicate that keloid fibroblasts can be divided into 4 subpopulations: secretory-papillary, secretory-reticular, mesenchymal and pro-inflammatory. Interestingly, the percentage of mesenchymal fibroblast subpopulation is significantly increased in keloid compared to normal scar. Functional studies indicate that mesenchymal fibroblasts are crucial for collagen overexpression in keloid. Increased mesenchymal fibroblast subpopulation is also found in another fibrotic skin disease, scleroderma, suggesting this is a broad mechanism for skin fibrosis. These findings will help us better understand skin fibrotic pathogenesis, and provide potential targets for fibrotic disease therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Cheng Deng
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Fei Hu
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ding-Heng Zhu
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Cheng
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Jing Gu
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Lan Feng
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Xue Zhang
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Ping Xu
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhili Rong
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research (Ministry of Education), Guangzhou, China.
| | - Bin Yang
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Shi H, Smits JPH, van den Bogaard EH, Brewer MG. Research Techniques Made Simple: Delivery of the CRISPR/Cas9 Components into Epidermal Cells. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:1375-1381.e1. [PMID: 34024338 PMCID: PMC8224101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9 technology is a powerful tool used to alter the genetic landscape of various hosts. This has been exemplified by its success in the transgenic animal world where it has been utilized to develop novel mouse lines modeling numerous disease states. The technology has helped to develop both in vitro and in vivo systems that simulate diseases within the fields of epithelial biology, skin cancer biology, dermatology, and beyond. Importantly, the delivery of the single-guide RNA/Cas9 editing complex to the host cell is key for its success. In this paper, we discuss the various methods that have been utilized as delivery techniques for CRISPR/Cas9 components, the benefits and pitfalls of each, and how successful they have been at genetically modifying epidermal cells. In addition, we acknowledge recent advances in the field of dermatology that have harnessed these methods to better understand epidermal biology, identify potential therapeutic targets, or serve as novel methods to treat disease states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huishan Shi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Jos P H Smits
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen H van den Bogaard
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew G Brewer
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Youssefian L, Saeidian AH, Palizban F, Bagherieh A, Abdollahimajd F, Sotoudeh S, Mozafari N, Farahani RA, Mahmoudi H, Babashah S, Zabihi M, Zeinali S, Fortina P, Salas-Alanis JC, South AP, Vahidnezhad H, Uitto J. Whole-Transcriptome Analysis by RNA Sequencing for Genetic Diagnosis of Mendelian Skin Disorders in the Context of Consanguinity. Clin Chem 2021; 67:876-888. [PMID: 33969388 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvab042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among the approximately 8000 Mendelian disorders, >1000 have cutaneous manifestations. In many of these conditions, the underlying mutated genes have been identified by DNA-based techniques which, however, can overlook certain types of mutations, such as exonic-synonymous and deep-intronic sequence variants. Whole-transcriptome sequencing by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) can identify such mutations and provide information about their consequences. METHODS We analyzed the whole transcriptome of 40 families with different types of Mendelian skin disorders with extensive genetic heterogeneity. The RNA-seq data were examined for variant detection and prioritization, pathogenicity confirmation, RNA expression profiling, and genome-wide homozygosity mapping in the case of consanguineous families. Among the families examined, RNA-seq was able to provide information complementary to DNA-based analyses for exonic and intronic sequence variants with aberrant splicing. In addition, we tested the possibility of using RNA-seq as the first-tier strategy for unbiased genome-wide mutation screening without information from DNA analysis. RESULTS We found pathogenic mutations in 35 families (88%) with RNA-seq in combination with other next-generation sequencing methods, and we successfully prioritized variants and found the culprit genes. In addition, as a novel concept, we propose a pipeline that increases the yield of variant calling from RNA-seq by concurrent use of genome and transcriptome references in parallel. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that "clinical RNA-seq" could serve as a primary approach for mutation detection in inherited diseases, particularly in consanguineous families, provided that tissues and cells expressing the relevant genes are available for analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Youssefian
- Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Genetics, Genomics and Cancer Biology PhD Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amir Hossein Saeidian
- Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Genetics, Genomics and Cancer Biology PhD Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Fahimeh Palizban
- Laboratory of Complex Biological Systems and Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atefeh Bagherieh
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Soheila Sotoudeh
- Department of Dermatology, Children's Medical Center, Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nikoo Mozafari
- Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rahele A Farahani
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Hamidreza Mahmoudi
- Department of Dermatology, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Babashah
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Paolo Fortina
- Cancer Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Translation and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Andrew P South
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hassan Vahidnezhad
- Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jouni Uitto
- Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
Tissue resident memory T cells (TRM) are a critical component of the immune system, providing the body with an immediate and highly specific response against pathogens re-infecting peripheral tissues. More recently, however, it has been demonstrated that TRM cells also form during autoimmunity. TRM mediated autoimmune diseases are particularly destructive, because unlike foreign antigens, the self-antigens are never cleared, continuously activating self-reactive TRM T cells. In this article, we will focus on how TRMs mediate disease in autoimmune skin conditions, specifically vitiligo, psoriasis, cutaneous lupus erythematosus, alopecia areata and frontal fibrosing alopecia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grace E. Ryan
- Department of Dermatology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | | | - Jillian M. Richmond
- Department of Dermatology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Lee EY, Maloney NJ, Cheng K, Bach DQ. Machine learning for precision dermatology: Advances, opportunities, and outlook. J Am Acad Dermatol 2021; 84:1458-1459. [PMID: 32645400 PMCID: PMC8023050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.06.1019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Y Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Los Angeles; Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles; University of California-Los Angeles-Caltech Medical Scientist Training Program, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles.
| | - Nolan J Maloney
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles
| | - Kyle Cheng
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles
| | - Daniel Q Bach
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Qin G, Sun Y, Guo Y, Song Y. PAX5 activates telomerase activity and proliferation in keloid fibroblasts by transcriptional regulation of SND1, thus promoting keloid growth in burn-injured skin. Inflamm Res 2021; 70:459-472. [PMID: 33616676 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-021-01444-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Staphylococcal nuclease domain-containing 1 (SND1) that functioned as an oncogene in a variety of tumors was upregulated in burn-injured skin tissues, and this study aims to investigate the effect of SND1 on keloid and elucidate the underlying mechanism. METHODS Keloid fibroblasts (KFs) and normal skin fibroblasts (NFs) were isolated from the keloid tissues and adjacent normal skin tissues of keloid patients. The SND1 expression was assessed in keloid tissues and KFs with Western blot assay. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments were performed to investigate the role of SND1 in proliferation, colony formation, telomerase activity, expression of fibrogenic genes and production of pro-inflammatory factors in KFs. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (CHIP) and Dual-luciferase reporter gene assays were used to verify the interaction of Paired-box gene 5 (PAX5) on SND1 promoter. Then, a series of rescue experiments were performed to verify the effects of SND1 overexpression on PAX5 knockdown-mediated KF functions. Finally, the role of SND1 in keloid formation in vivo was validated in mice with keloid implantation. RESULTS SND1 was upregulated in keloid tissues and KFs. SND1 positively regulated proliferation, colony formation, telomerase activity, production of pro-inflammatory factors and expression of fibrogenic genes. PAX5 directly bound to the SND1 promoter to transcriptionally regulate SND1 expression and positively regulated SND1-mediated KF functions via the ERK/JNK pathway. In vivo assay further demonstrated that SND1 displayed a positive effect on keloid formation. CONCLUSION SND1 transcriptionally regulated by PAX5 promotes keloid formation through activating telomerase activity via the ERK/JNK signaling pathways, which provides a promising therapeutic target for clinical treatment of burned skin keloid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaoping Qin
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, China
| | - Yaowen Sun
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, China
| | - Yadong Guo
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, China
| | - Yong Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, 256 Youyi West Road, Xi'an, 710068, China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Chatterjee S, Balram A, Li W. Convergence: Lactosylceramide-Centric Signaling Pathways Induce Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Other Phenotypic Outcomes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041816. [PMID: 33673027 PMCID: PMC7917694 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactosylceramide (LacCer), also known as CD17/CDw17, is a member of a large family of small molecular weight compounds known as glycosphingolipids. It plays a pivotal role in the biosynthesis of glycosphingolipids, primarily by way of serving as a precursor to the majority of its higher homolog sub-families such as gangliosides, sulfatides, fucosylated-glycosphingolipids and complex neutral glycosphingolipids—some of which confer “second-messenger” and receptor functions. LacCer is an integral component of the “lipid rafts,” serving as a conduit to transduce external stimuli into multiple phenotypes, which may contribute to mortality and morbidity in man and in mouse models of human disease. LacCer is synthesized by the action of LacCer synthase (β-1,4 galactosyltransferase), which transfers galactose from uridine diphosphate galactose (UDP-galactose) to glucosylceramide (GlcCer). The convergence of multiple physiologically relevant external stimuli/agonists—platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), stress, cigarette smoke/nicotine, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and in particular, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)—on β-1,4 galactosyltransferase results in its phosphorylation or activation, via a “turn-key” reaction, generating LacCer. This newly synthesized LacCer activates NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dihydrogen phosphate) oxidase to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a highly “oxidative stress” environment, which trigger a cascade of signaling molecules and pathways and initiate diverse phenotypes like inflammation and atherosclerosis. For instance, LacCer activates an enzyme, cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), which cleaves arachidonic acid from phosphatidylcholine. In turn, arachidonic acid serves as a precursor to eicosanoids and prostaglandin, which transduce a cascade of reactions leading to inflammation—a major phenotype underscoring the initiation and progression of several debilitating diseases such as atherosclerosis and cancer. Our aim here is to present an updated account of studies made in the field of LacCer metabolism and signaling using multiple animal models of human disease, human tissue, and cell-based studies. These advancements have led us to propose that previously unrelated phenotypes converge in a LacCer-centric manner. This LacCer synthase/LacCer-induced “oxidative stress” environment contributes to inflammation, atherosclerosis, skin conditions, hair greying, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes due to mitochondrial dysfunction. Thus, targeting LacCer synthase may well be the answer to remedy these pathologies.
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
The high expression of CD1a on Langerhans cells in normal human skin suggests a central role for this lipid antigen presenting molecule in skin homeostasis and immunity. Although the lipid antigen presenting function of CD1a has been known for years, the physiological and pathological functions of the CD1a system in human skin remain incompletely understood. This review provides an overview of this active area of investigation, and discusses recent insights into the functions of CD1a, CD1a-restricted T cells, and lipid antigens in inflammatory and allergic skin disease. We include recent publications and work presented at the biennial CD1-MR1 EMBO workshop held in 2019 in Oxford, regarding lipids that increase and those that decrease T cell responses to CD1a.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annemieke de Jong
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Graham Ogg
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
Graft versus host disease (GVHD) is a common complication of haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. This study examined the cutaneous microbiome in relation to the pathogenesis of cutaneous GVHD. Bacterial swabs were taken from several sites on 12 patients with cutaneous GVHD. Microbiotas were characterized by sequencing 16S rRNA bacterial genes on the MiSeq platform. Microbiome diversity in patients with cutaneous GVHD was reduced compared with healthy controls. GVHD was related to an increased abundance of Firmicutes and a reduction in Actinobacteria, especially in lesions. Non-parametric multivariate analysis of variance revealed that the skin microbial community disorders in patients with GVHD correlated with several clinical features of cutaneous GVHD. This study indicates that changes in the cutaneous microbiota in lesions could play a key role in the pathogenesis of cutaneous GVHD. Further studies are needed to explore the mechanistic relevance of these microbial dynamics, which may provide new clues to therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gu
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Affiliation(s)
- Ruojun Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street, Beijing 100034, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses and National Clinical Research Centre for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Zhimiao Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street, Beijing 100034, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses and National Clinical Research Centre for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ogino H, Okuno T, Murano K, Ueno H. Naturally Oxidized Olive Oil Promotes Active Cutaneous Anaphylaxis and Th2 Cytokine Production. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:838-843. [PMID: 34078816 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The excessive ingestion of oxidized dietary oils may exacerbate some allergic diseases. We previously reported that oxidized olive oil exacerbates active cutaneous anaphylaxis (ACA), one of the immediate allergic reactions. This study was conducted to clarify the effects of oxidized olive oil on the T cell response during ACA. BALB/c female mice were orally administered naturally oxidized olive oil once every 2 d for 2 weeks after ovalbumin (OVA)/aluminum hydroxide gel sensitization, after which ACA was elicited by intracutaneous administration of OVA into the ear auricles. Compared with fresh olive oil, oxidized olive oil administration increased the antigen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibody titer 2 weeks after OVA-sensitization and vascular hyperpermeability increased due to ACA. In the oxidized olive oil-administered mice, the mRNA expression levels of T-helper 2 (Th2) cytokines, interleukin (IL)-4, -5, -6, and -10, in the lymph nodes increased, as did the proportion of cluster designation (CD)3+CD4+ cells in the spleen and lymph nodes. In CD3+CD4+ cells, the mRNA expression levels of IL-4 and GATA-binding protein 3 (GATA3), the master regulator of Th2, were higher in the oxidized olive oil-group. Antigen-stimulated specific IL-4 production was promoted in CD3+CD4+ cells of oxidized olive oil-administered mice. This suggests that oxidized olive oil exacerbates ACA by promoting Th2 dominance in immediate allergic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Ogino
- Department of Public Health & Preventive Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University
| | - Tomofumi Okuno
- Department of Public Health & Preventive Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University
| | - Koichi Murano
- Division of Hygienic Chemistry, Osaka Institute of Public Health
| | - Hitoshi Ueno
- Department of Public Health & Preventive Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Chang JE, Choi MS. A Molecular Perspective on the Potential Benefits of Metformin for the Treatment of Inflammatory Skin Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238960. [PMID: 33255783 PMCID: PMC7728327 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to its anti-hyperglycemic effect, metformin is the first-line medication for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, particularly in people who are obese. However, metformin is a drug with a very wide range of pharmacological properties and reports of its therapeutic effect on diseases including inflammation and cancer are increasing. Numerous research groups have reported that metformin has beneficial effects on a variety of inflammatory skin disorders including psoriasis, acanthosis nigricans, acne, hidradenitis suppurativa, and allergic contact dermatitis. According to these reports, in addition to the well-known action of metformin, that is, its anti-hyperglycemic effect, NF-kB inhibition and the resulting alteration to the cytokine network may be the potential targets of metformin. Its anti-hyperandrogenism effect has also been confirmed as the major action of metformin in some inflammatory skin diseases. Moreover, novel regulatory mechanisms, including autophagy and antioxidant processes, have been suggested as promising mechanisms of action for metformin in inflammatory skin disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Eun Chang
- Lab of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Dongduk Women’s University, Seoul 02748, Korea;
| | - Min Sik Choi
- Lab of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dongduk Women’s University, Seoul 02748, Korea
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Gudjonsson JE, Elder JT. Meeting Report: 68 th Montagna Symposium on the Biology of Skin "Decoding Complex Skin Diseases: Integrating Genetics, Genomics, and Disease Biology". J Invest Dermatol 2020; 140:2105-2110. [PMID: 32603751 PMCID: PMC7606754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The 68th Montagna Symposium on the Biology of the Skin was held from 10 to 14 October 2019 at Salishan Lodge in Gleneden Beach, Oregon. The theme of the meeting was "Decoding Complex Skin Diseases: Integrating Genetics, Genomics, and Disease Biology." The meeting emphasized the integration of multiple themes and disciplines to better understand some of the most common skin diseases, ranging from psoriasis to alopecia areata to vitiligo to lupus erythematosus to atopic dermatitis and food allergy. Promising therapeutic strategies are emerging for all of these diseases, providing clues for ways to connect the bench to the bedside. A common thread was the success of GWASs, which have highlighted the importance of regulatory signals versus coding variation. These diseases also share an environmental component linked to immune system function. Hence, beyond GWASs, this meeting focused on gene regulatory mechanisms, the single-cell revolution, in vivo systems for dissection of disease pathogenesis, and the relationship between genetics and environment in the context of host defense. We concluded with a translational roundtable designed to explore how these interrelated fields can best be directed toward long-term disease control and, ultimately, a cure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - James T Elder
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Dermatology Service, Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Vergnano M, Mockenhaupt M, Benzian-Olsson N, Paulmann M, Grys K, Mahil SK, Chaloner C, Barbosa IA, August S, Burden AD, Choon SE, Cooper H, Navarini AA, Reynolds NJ, Wahie S, Warren RB, Wright A, Huffmeier U, Baum P, Visvanathan S, Barker JN, Smith CH, Capon F. Loss-of-Function Myeloperoxidase Mutations Are Associated with Increased Neutrophil Counts and Pustular Skin Disease. Am J Hum Genet 2020; 107:539-543. [PMID: 32758448 PMCID: PMC7477255 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of disease alleles underlying human autoinflammatory diseases can provide important insights into the mechanisms that maintain neutrophil homeostasis. Here, we focused our attention on generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP), a potentially life-threatening disorder presenting with cutaneous and systemic neutrophilia. Following the whole-exome sequencing of 19 unrelated affected individuals, we identified a subject harboring a homozygous splice-site mutation (c.2031-2A>C) in MPO. This encodes myeloperoxidase, an essential component of neutrophil azurophil granules. MPO screening in conditions phenotypically related to GPP uncovered further disease alleles in one subject with acral pustular psoriasis (c.2031-2A>C;c.2031-2A>C) and in two individuals with acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (c.1705C>T;c.2031-2A>C and c.1552_1565del;c.1552_1565del). A subsequent analysis of UK Biobank data demonstrated that the c.2031-2A>C and c.1705C>T (p.Arg569Trp) disease alleles were also associated with increased neutrophil abundance in the general population (p = 5.1 × 10-6 and p = 3.6 × 10-5, respectively). The same applied to three further deleterious variants that had been genotyped in the cohort, with two alleles (c.995C>T [p.Ala332Val] and c.752T>C [p.Met251Thr]) yielding p values < 10-10. Finally, treatment of healthy neutrophils with an MPO inhibitor (4-Aminobenzoic acid hydrazide) increased cell viability and delayed apoptosis, highlighting a mechanism whereby MPO mutations affect granulocyte numbers. These findings identify MPO as a genetic determinant of pustular skin disease and neutrophil abundance. Given the recent interest in the development of MPO antagonists for the treatment of neurodegenerative disease, our results also suggest that the pro-inflammatory effects of these agents should be closely monitored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Vergnano
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK; St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Maja Mockenhaupt
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Centre-University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79106, Germany
| | - Natashia Benzian-Olsson
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Maren Paulmann
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Centre-University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79106, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Grys
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Satveer K Mahil
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Charlotte Chaloner
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Ines A Barbosa
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | | | - A David Burden
- Department of Dermatology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Siew-Eng Choon
- Department of Dermatology, Sultanah Aminah Hospital, Clinical School Johor Bahru, Monash University, Malaysia
| | - Hywel Cooper
- Portsmouth Dermatology Centre, St Marys Hospital, Portsmouth PO3 6AD, UK
| | - Alex A Navarini
- Department of Dermatology & Allergy, University Hospital of Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland
| | - Nick J Reynolds
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK and Department of Dermatology and NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4LP, UK
| | - Shyamal Wahie
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of North Durham, Durham DH1 5TW, UK
| | - Richard B Warren
- Dermatology Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M6 8HD, UK
| | - Andrew Wright
- Centre for Skin Sciences, St Lukes Hospital, Bradford BD5 0NA, UK
| | - Ulrike Huffmeier
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Patrick Baum
- Boehringer-Ingelheim International GmbH, Biberach 88397, Germany
| | | | - Jonathan N Barker
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Catherine H Smith
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Francesca Capon
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Al-Eitan LN, Alghamdi MA, Tarkhan AH, Al-Qarqaz FA. Genome-wide identification of methylated CpG sites in nongenital cutaneous warts. BMC Med Genomics 2020; 13:100. [PMID: 32641122 PMCID: PMC7346436 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-020-00745-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-risk HPV infection has not been the subject of epigenetic investigation. The present study was carried out in order to investigate the methylation status of CpG sites in non-genital cutaneous warts. METHODS Genomic DNA was extracted from 24 paired epidermal samples of warts and normal skin. DNA samples were bisulfite converted and underwent genome-wide methylation profiling using the Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip Kit. RESULTS From a total of 844,234 CpG sites, 56,960 and 43,040 CpG sites were found to be hypo- and hypermethylated, respectively, in non-genital cutaneous warts. The most differentially methylated CpG sites in warts were located within the C10orf26, FAM83H-AS1, ZNF644, LINC00702, GSAP, STAT5A, HDAC4, NCALD, and EXOC4 genes. CONCLUSION Non-genital cutaneous warts exhibit a unique CpG methylation signature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laith N Al-Eitan
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan.
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan.
| | - Mansour A Alghamdi
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
- Genomics and Personalized Medicine Unit, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amneh H Tarkhan
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Firas A Al-Qarqaz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, King Abdullah University Hospital Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Gratton R, Tricarico PM, Moltrasio C, Lima Estevão de Oliveira AS, Brandão L, Marzano AV, Zupin L, Crovella S. Pleiotropic Role of Notch Signaling in Human Skin Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4214. [PMID: 32545758 PMCID: PMC7353046 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling orchestrates the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and apoptosis of epidermal cells by strictly interacting with other cellular pathways. Any disruption of Notch signaling, either due to direct mutations or to an aberrant regulation of genes involved in the signaling route, might lead to both hyper- or hypo-activation of Notch signaling molecules and of target genes, ultimately inducing the onset of skin diseases. The mechanisms through which Notch contributes to the pathogenesis of skin diseases are multiple and still not fully understood. So far, Notch signaling alterations have been reported for five human skin diseases, suggesting the involvement of Notch in their pathogenesis: Hidradenitis Suppurativa, Dowling Degos Disease, Adams-Oliver Syndrome, Psoriasis and Atopic Dermatitis. In this review, we aim at describing the role of Notch signaling in the skin, particularly focusing on the principal consequences associated with its alterations in these five human skin diseases, in order to reorganize the current knowledge and to identify potential cellular mechanisms in common between these pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Gratton
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (R.G.); (L.Z.); (S.C.)
- Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Paola Maura Tricarico
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (R.G.); (L.Z.); (S.C.)
| | - Chiara Moltrasio
- Dermatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (C.M.); (A.V.M.)
| | | | - Lucas Brandão
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil;
| | - Angelo Valerio Marzano
- Dermatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (C.M.); (A.V.M.)
| | - Luisa Zupin
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (R.G.); (L.Z.); (S.C.)
| | - Sergio Crovella
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (R.G.); (L.Z.); (S.C.)
- Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
De Rosa L, Latella MC, Secone Seconetti A, Cattelani C, Bauer JW, Bondanza S, De Luca M. Toward Combined Cell and Gene Therapy for Genodermatoses. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2020; 12:a035667. [PMID: 31653644 PMCID: PMC7197428 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a035667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To date, more than 200 monogenic, often devastating, skin diseases have been described. Because of unmet medical needs, development of long-lasting and curative therapies has been consistently attempted, with the aim of correcting the underlying molecular defect. In this review, we will specifically address the few combined cell and gene therapy strategies that made it to the clinics. Based on these studies, what can be envisioned for the future is a patient-oriented strategy, built on the specific features of the individual in need. Most likely, a combination of different strategies, approaches, and advanced therapies will be required to reach the finish line at the end of the long and winding road hampering the achievement of definitive treatments for genodermatoses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura De Rosa
- Holostem Terapie Avanzate S.r.l., Center for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari," 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Maria Carmela Latella
- Holostem Terapie Avanzate S.r.l., Center for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari," 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Alessia Secone Seconetti
- Holostem Terapie Avanzate S.r.l., Center for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari," 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Cecilia Cattelani
- Center for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari," Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Johann W Bauer
- EB House Austria and Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sergio Bondanza
- Holostem Terapie Avanzate S.r.l., Center for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari," 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Michele De Luca
- Center for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari," Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Pontikos N, Murphy C, Moghul I, Arno G, Fujinami K, Fujinami Y, Sumodhee D, Downes S, Webster A, Yu J. Phenogenon: Gene to phenotype associations for rare genetic diseases. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230587. [PMID: 32271766 PMCID: PMC7144978 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
As high-throughput sequencing is increasingly applied to the molecular diagnosis of rare Mendelian disorders, a large number of patients with diverse phenotypes have their genetic and phenotypic data pooled together to uncover new gene-phenotype relations. We introduce Phenogenon, a statistical tool that combines, Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) annotated patient phenotypes, gnomAD allele population frequency, and Combined Annotation Dependent Depletion (CADD) score for variant pathogenicity, in order to jointly predict the mode of inheritance and gene-phenotype associations. We ran Phenogenon on our cohort of 3,290 patients who had undergone whole exome sequencing. Among the top associations, we recapitulated previously known, such as "SRD5A3—Abnormal full-field electroretinogram—recessive" and "GRHL2 –Nail dystrophy—recessive", and discovered one potentially novel, “RRAGA–Abnormality of the skin—dominant”. We also developed an interactive web interface available at https://phenogenon.phenopolis.org to visualise and explore the results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolas Pontikos
- UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cian Murphy
- UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Ismail Moghul
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin Arno
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Laboratory of Visual Physiology, Division of Vision Research, National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Fujinami
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Laboratory of Visual Physiology, Division of Vision Research, National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Fujinami
- Graduate School of Health Management, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Public Health, Yokokawa Clinic, Osaka, Japan
| | - Dayyanah Sumodhee
- Queen Mary University, Mile End Road, Bethnal Green, London, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Downes
- Oxford Eye Hospital, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Webster
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jing Yu
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Hammouda MB, Ford AE, Liu Y, Zhang JY. The JNK Signaling Pathway in Inflammatory Skin Disorders and Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:E857. [PMID: 32252279 PMCID: PMC7226813 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs), with its members JNK1, JNK2, and JNK3, is a subfamily of (MAPK) mitogen-activated protein kinases. JNK signaling regulates a wide range of cellular processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, apoptosis, and inflammation. Dysregulation of JNK pathway is associated with a wide range of immune disorders and cancer. Our objective is to provide a review of JNK proteins and their upstream regulators and downstream effector molecules in common skin disorders, including psoriasis, dermal fibrosis, scleroderma, basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manel B. Hammouda
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (M.B.H.); (A.E.F.); (Y.L.)
| | - Amy E. Ford
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (M.B.H.); (A.E.F.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (M.B.H.); (A.E.F.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jennifer Y. Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (M.B.H.); (A.E.F.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Kang S, Kim J, Ahn M, Kim J, Heo MG, Min DH, Won C. RNAi nanotherapy for fibrosis: highly durable knockdown of CTGF/CCN-2 using siRNA-DegradaBALL (LEM-S401) to treat skin fibrotic diseases. Nanoscale 2020; 12:6385-6393. [PMID: 32134425 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr10305h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Skin fibrosis occurs in a variety of human diseases but the current anti-fibrosis treatments are not sufficient. One major cause of fibrotic diseases shared across diverse organ fibrosis is uncontrolled overexpression of the connective tissue growth factor (CTGF, also known as CCN2). Here, we examine the anti-fibrotic activity of RNAi therapy utilizing siRNA against CTGF with a new drug delivery system (DDS), 'DegradaBALL', which is based on porous nanoparticles, for durable CTGF gene silencing. DegradaBALL is a modular DDS having many favorable properties for RNA delivery such as effective intracellular uptake, convenient drug loading, biocompatibility, sustained release profile and biodegradability. DegradaBALL loaded with siCTGF, named 'LEM-S401', showed highly durable and effective CTGF gene-silencing in TGF-β induced lung fibrosis and skin fibrosis model cells, A549 and HaCaT, respectively. In addition, LEM-S401 induced knockdown of collagen types I and III, which are excess extracellular matrix components in fibrotic skin in addition to CTGF in the mouse wound healing model. Most importantly, we showed that LEM-S401 effectively inhibited the formation of hypertrophic scars in wound-associated dermal fibrosis mouse models, during both the epidermis recovery and tissue remodeling process. Our findings suggest that LEM-S401 could be a highly potent therapeutic option for skin fibrotic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seounghun Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Kamrath C. Beyond the adrenals: Organ manifestations in inherited primary adrenal insufficiency in children. Eur J Endocrinol 2020; 182:C9-C12. [PMID: 31972544 DOI: 10.1530/eje-19-0995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) in children is mostly due to genetic defects. The understanding of the molecular genetics of the causes of adrenal insufficiency in the pediatric population has made significant progress during the last years. It has been shown that inherited PAI can lead to certain clinical manifestations and health problems in children beyond the adrenals. Organ dysfunctions associated with different forms of PAI in children include a wide range of organs such as gonads, brain, heart, bone, growth, bone marrow, kidney, skin, parathyroid, and thyroid. Diagnosing the correct genetic cause of PAI in children is therefore crucial to adequately control long-term treatment and follow-up in such patients.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Addison Disease/complications
- Addison Disease/diagnosis
- Addison Disease/genetics
- Addison Disease/physiopathology
- Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital/complications
- Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital/diagnosis
- Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital/genetics
- Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital/physiopathology
- Bone Diseases, Developmental/etiology
- Bone Diseases, Developmental/genetics
- Bone Diseases, Developmental/physiopathology
- Brain Diseases/etiology
- Brain Diseases/genetics
- Brain Diseases/physiopathology
- Cardiomyopathies/etiology
- Cardiomyopathies/genetics
- Cardiomyopathies/physiopathology
- Disorders of Sex Development/etiology
- Disorders of Sex Development/genetics
- Disorders of Sex Development/physiopathology
- Growth Disorders/etiology
- Growth Disorders/genetics
- Growth Disorders/physiopathology
- Humans
- Hypoadrenocorticism, Familial/complications
- Hypoadrenocorticism, Familial/diagnosis
- Hypoadrenocorticism, Familial/genetics
- Hypoadrenocorticism, Familial/physiopathology
- Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/etiology
- Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/genetics
- Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/physiopathology
- Molecular Diagnostic Techniques
- Nephrotic Syndrome/etiology
- Nephrotic Syndrome/genetics
- Nephrotic Syndrome/physiopathology
- Skin Diseases/etiology
- Skin Diseases/genetics
- Skin Diseases/physiopathology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Kamrath
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology Center of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Hausmann C, Vogt A, Kerscher M, Ghoreschi K, Schäfer-Korting M, Zoschke C. Optimizing skin pharmacotherapy for older patients: the future is at hand but are we ready for it? Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:851-861. [PMID: 31987937 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Age-related changes affect both the local pharmacotherapy of skin diseases and the transdermal administration of drugs. The development of aged skin models disregards the highly individual process of aging, facilitating general conclusions for older patients. Nevertheless, 'omics technology, high-content screening, and non-invasive imaging, as well as bioprinting, CRISPR-Cas, and, patients-on-a-chip, can retrieve personalized information for the generation of in vitro models. Herein, we suggest a strategy to optimize pharmacotherapy for older patients. The technology for relevant human cell-based models is at hand and the consideration of patient heterogeneity is required to unlock their full potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hausmann
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Pharmacy (Pharmacology & Toxicology), Königin-Luise-Strasse 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Annika Vogt
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martina Kerscher
- Universität Hamburg, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Papendamm 21, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kamran Ghoreschi
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Monika Schäfer-Korting
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Pharmacy (Pharmacology & Toxicology), Königin-Luise-Strasse 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Zoschke
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Pharmacy (Pharmacology & Toxicology), Königin-Luise-Strasse 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Méchin MC, Takahara H, Simon M. Deimination and Peptidylarginine Deiminases in Skin Physiology and Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020566. [PMID: 31952341 PMCID: PMC7014782 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Deimination, also known as citrullination, corresponds to the conversion of the amino acid arginine, within a peptide sequence, into the non-standard amino acid citrulline. This post-translational modification is catalyzed by a family of calcium-dependent enzymes called peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs). Deimination is implicated in a growing number of physiological processes (innate and adaptive immunity, gene regulation, embryonic development, etc.) and concerns several human diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, neurodegenerative diseases, female infertility, cancer, etc.). Here, we update the involvement of PADs in both the homeostasis of skin and skin diseases. We particularly focus on keratinocyte differentiation and the epidermal barrier function, and on hair follicles. Indeed, alteration of PAD activity in the hair shaft is responsible for two hair disorders, the uncombable hair syndrome and a particular form of inflammatory scarring alopecia, mainly affecting women of African ancestry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Claire Méchin
- UDEAR, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, U1056, 31059 Toulouse, France;
| | - Hidenari Takahara
- University of Ibaraki, School of Agriculture, Ibaraki 300-0393, Japan;
| | - Michel Simon
- UDEAR, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, U1056, 31059 Toulouse, France;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-5-6115-8427
| |
Collapse
|