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Bishnoi A, Parsad D. Phototherapy for vitiligo: A narrative review on the clinical and molecular aspects, and recent literature. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2024; 40:e12968. [PMID: 38632705 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitiligo is characterized by depigmented patches resulting from loss of melanocytes. Phototherapy has emerged as a prominent treatment option for vitiligo, utilizing various light modalities to induce disease stability and repigmentation. AIMS AND METHODS This narrative review aims to explore the clinical applications and molecular mechanisms of phototherapy in vitiligo. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The review evaluates existing literature on phototherapy for vitiligo, analyzing studies on hospital-based and home-based phototherapy, as well as outcomes related to stabilization and repigmentation. Narrowband ultra-violet B, that is, NBUVB remains the most commonly employed, studied and effective phototherapy modality for vitiligo. Special attention is given to assessing different types of lamps, dosimetry, published guidelines, and the utilization of targeted phototherapy modalities. Additionally, the integration of phototherapy with other treatment modalities, including its use as a depigmenting therapy in generalized/universal vitiligo, is discussed. Screening for anti-nuclear antibodies and tailoring approaches for non-photo-adapters are also examined. CONCLUSION In conclusion, this review provides a comprehensive overview of phototherapy for vitiligo treatment. It underscores the evolving landscape of phototherapy and offers insights into optimizing therapeutic outcomes and addressing the challenges ahead. By integrating clinical evidence with molecular understanding, phototherapy emerges as a valuable therapeutic option for managing vitiligo, with potential for further advancements in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Bishnoi
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Davinder Parsad
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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2
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Prospéri MT, Giordano C, Gomez-Duro M, Hurbain I, Macé AS, Raposo G, D’Angelo G. Extracellular vesicles released by keratinocytes regulate melanosome maturation, melanocyte dendricity, and pigment transfer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2321323121. [PMID: 38607931 PMCID: PMC11032449 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2321323121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) facilitate the transfer of proteins, lipids, and genetic material between cells and are recognized as an additional mechanism for sustaining intercellular communication. In the epidermis, the communication between melanocytes and keratinocytes is tightly regulated to warrant skin pigmentation. Melanocytes synthesize the melanin pigment in melanosomes that are transported along the dendrites prior to the transfer of melanin pigment to keratinocytes. EVs secreted by keratinocytes modulate pigmentation in melanocytes [(A. Lo Cicero et al., Nat. Commun. 6, 7506 (2015)]. However, whether EVs secreted by keratinocytes contribute to additional processes essential for melanocyte functions remains elusive. Here, we show that keratinocyte EVs enhance the ability of melanocytes to generate dendrites and mature melanosomes and promote their efficient transfer. Further, keratinocyte EVs carrying Rac1 induce important morphological changes, promote dendrite outgrowth, and potentiate melanin transfer to keratinocytes. Hence, in addition to modulating pigmentation, keratinocytes exploit EVs to control melanocyte plasticity and transfer capacity. These data demonstrate that keratinocyte-derived EVs, by regulating melanocyte functions, are major contributors to cutaneous pigmentation and expand our understanding of the mechanism underlying skin pigmentation via a paracrine EV-mediated communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Thérèse Prospéri
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Letters Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Structure and Membrane Compartments, Paris Cedex 0575248, France
| | - Cécile Giordano
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Letters Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Structure and Membrane Compartments, Paris Cedex 0575248, France
| | - Mireia Gomez-Duro
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Letters Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Structure and Membrane Compartments, Paris Cedex 0575248, France
| | - Ilse Hurbain
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Letters Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Structure and Membrane Compartments, Paris Cedex 0575248, France
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Letters Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility (The Cell and Tissue Imaging Platform (PICT-IBiSA)), Paris Cedex 0575248, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Macé
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Letters Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Structure and Membrane Compartments, Paris Cedex 0575248, France
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Letters Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility (The Cell and Tissue Imaging Platform (PICT-IBiSA)), Paris Cedex 0575248, France
| | - Graça Raposo
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Letters Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Structure and Membrane Compartments, Paris Cedex 0575248, France
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Letters Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility (The Cell and Tissue Imaging Platform (PICT-IBiSA)), Paris Cedex 0575248, France
| | - Gisela D’Angelo
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Letters Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Structure and Membrane Compartments, Paris Cedex 0575248, France
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Coutant K, Magne B, Ferland K, Fuentes-Rodriguez A, Chancy O, Mitchell A, Germain L, Landreville S. Melanocytes in regenerative medicine applications and disease modeling. J Transl Med 2024; 22:336. [PMID: 38589876 PMCID: PMC11003097 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05113-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Melanocytes are dendritic cells localized in skin, eyes, hair follicles, ears, heart and central nervous system. They are characterized by the presence of melanosomes enriched in melanin which are responsible for skin, eye and hair pigmentation. They also have different functions in photoprotection, immunity and sound perception. Melanocyte dysfunction can cause pigmentary disorders, hearing and vision impairments or increased cancer susceptibility. This review focuses on the role of melanocytes in homeostasis and disease, before discussing their potential in regenerative medicine applications, such as for disease modeling, drug testing or therapy development using stem cell technologies, tissue engineering and extracellular vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Coutant
- Department of Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology-Cervico-Facial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Université Laval Cancer Research Center, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Brice Magne
- Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Karel Ferland
- Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Aurélie Fuentes-Rodriguez
- Department of Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology-Cervico-Facial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Université Laval Cancer Research Center, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Olivier Chancy
- Department of Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology-Cervico-Facial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Université Laval Cancer Research Center, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Andrew Mitchell
- Department of Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology-Cervico-Facial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Université Laval Cancer Research Center, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Lucie Germain
- Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
| | - Solange Landreville
- Department of Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology-Cervico-Facial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
- Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
- Université Laval Cancer Research Center, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
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4
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Cao Y, Lv J, Tan Y, Chen R, Jiang X, Meng D, Zou K, Pan M, Tang L. Tribuloside acts on the PDE/cAMP/PKA pathway to enhance melanogenesis, melanocyte dendricity and melanosome transport. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 323:117673. [PMID: 38158096 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tribuloside, a natural flavonoid extracted from Chinese medicine Tribulus terrestris L., has shown potent efficacy in treating various diseases. In China, the fruits of Tribulus terrestris L. have long been utilized for relieving headache, dizziness, itchiness, and vitiligo. Water-based extract derived from Tribulus terrestris L. can enhance melanogenesis in mouse hair follicle melanocytes by elevating the expression of α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) and melanocortin-1 recepter (MC-1R). Nevertheless, there is a lack of information regarding the impact of tribuloside on pigmentation in both laboratory settings and living organisms. AIM OF THE STUDY The present research aimed to examine the impact of tribuloside on pigmentation, and delve into the underlying mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Following the administration of tribuloside in human epidermal melanocytes (HEMCs), we utilized microplate reader, Masson-Fontana ammoniacal silver stain, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to measure melanin contents, dendrite lengths, melanosome counts; L-DOPA oxidation assay to indicate tyrosinase activity, Western blotting to evaluate the expression of melanogenic and associated phosphodiesterase (PDE)/cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/cyclic-AMP dependent protein kinase A (PKA) pathway proteins. A PDE-Glo assay to verify the inhibitory effect of tribuloside on PDE was also conducted. Additionally, we examined the impact of tribuloside on the pigmentation in both zebrafish model and human skin samples. RESULTS Tribuloside had a notable impact on the production of melanin in melanocytes, zebrafish, and human skin samples. These functions might be attributed to the inhibitory effect of tribuloside on PDE, which could increase the intracellular level of cAMP to stimulate the phosphorylation of cAMP-response element binding (CREB). Once activated, it induced microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) expression and increased the expression of tyrosinase, Rab27a and cell division cycle protein 42 (Cdc42), ultimately facilitating melanogenesis, melanocyte dendricity, and melanin transport. CONCLUSION Tribuloside acts on the PDE/cAMP/PKA pathway to enhance melanogenesis, melanocyte dendricity, and melanosome transport; meanwhile, tribuloside does not have any toxic effects on cells and may be introduced into clinical prescriptions to promote pigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cao
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinpeng Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Tan
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruolin Chen
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoxue Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Duo Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kun Zou
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Pan
- Department of Dermatology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Liming Tang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China.
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Kistenmacher S, Schwämmle M, Martin G, Ulrich E, Tholen S, Schilling O, Gießl A, Schlötzer-Schrehardt U, Bucher F, Schlunck G, Nazarenko I, Reinhard T, Polisetti N. Enrichment, Characterization, and Proteomic Profiling of Small Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Human Limbal Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Melanocytes. Cells 2024; 13:623. [PMID: 38607062 PMCID: PMC11011788 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Limbal epithelial progenitor cells (LEPC) rely on their niche environment for proper functionality and self-renewal. While extracellular vesicles (EV), specifically small EVs (sEV), have been proposed to support LEPC homeostasis, data on sEV derived from limbal niche cells like limbal mesenchymal stromal cells (LMSC) remain limited, and there are no studies on sEVs from limbal melanocytes (LM). In this study, we isolated sEV from conditioned media of LMSC and LM using a combination of tangential flow filtration and size exclusion chromatography and characterized them by nanoparticle tracking analysis, transmission electron microscopy, Western blot, multiplex bead arrays, and quantitative mass spectrometry. The internalization of sEV by LEPC was studied using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. The isolated sEVs exhibited typical EV characteristics, including cell-specific markers such as CD90 for LMSC-sEV and Melan-A for LM-sEV. Bioinformatics analysis of the proteomic data suggested a significant role of sEVs in extracellular matrix deposition, with LMSC-derived sEV containing proteins involved in collagen remodeling and cell matrix adhesion, whereas LM-sEV proteins were implicated in other cellular bioprocesses such as cellular pigmentation and development. Moreover, fluorescently labeled LMSC-sEV and LM-sEV were taken up by LEPC and localized to their perinuclear compartment. These findings provide valuable insights into the complex role of sEV from niche cells in regulating the human limbal stem cell niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Kistenmacher
- Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstrasse 5, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Schwämmle
- Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstrasse 5, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestrasse 1, D–79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gottfried Martin
- Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstrasse 5, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Eva Ulrich
- Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstrasse 5, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Tholen
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Oliver Schilling
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Andreas Gießl
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlan-gen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ursula Schlötzer-Schrehardt
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlan-gen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Felicitas Bucher
- Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstrasse 5, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Günther Schlunck
- Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstrasse 5, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Irina Nazarenko
- Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Reinhard
- Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstrasse 5, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Naresh Polisetti
- Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstrasse 5, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
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Shiu J, Lentsch G, Polleys CM, Mobasher P, Ericson M, Georgakoudi I, Ganesan AK, Balu M. Noninvasive Imaging Techniques for Monitoring Cellular Response to Treatment in Stable Vitiligo. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:912-915.e2. [PMID: 37952609 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Shiu
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.
| | - Griffin Lentsch
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | | | - Pezhman Mobasher
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Marissa Ericson
- Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Research Design, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Irene Georgakoudi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anand K Ganesan
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA; Skin Biology Resource Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Mihaela Balu
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA; Skin Biology Resource Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
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Zhang J, Xiang F, Ding Y, Hu W, Wang H, Zhang X, Lei Z, Li T, Wang P, Kang X. Identification and validation of RNA-binding protein SLC3A2 regulates melanocyte ferroptosis in vitiligo by integrated analysis of single-cell and bulk RNA-sequencing. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:236. [PMID: 38438962 PMCID: PMC10910712 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10147-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of vitiligo remains unclear. The genes encoding vitiligo-related RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and their underlying pathogenic mechanism have not been determined. RESULTS Single-cell transcriptome sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from the CNCB database was obtained to identify distinct cell types and subpopulations and the relative proportion changes in vitiligo and healthy samples. We identified 14 different cell types and 28 cell subpopulations. The proportion of each cell subpopulation significantly differed between the patients with vitiligo and healthy groups. Using RBP genes for unsupervised clustering, we obtained the specific RBP genes of different cell types in vitiligo and healthy groups. The RBP gene expression was highly heterogeneous; there were significant differences in some cell types, such as keratinocytes, Langerhans, and melanocytes, while there were no significant differences in other cells, such as T cells and fibroblasts, in the two groups. The melanocyte-specific RBP genes were enriched in the apoptosis and immune-related pathways in the patients with vitiligo. Combined with the bulk RNA-seq data of melanocytes, key RBP genes related to melanocytes were identified, including eight upregulated RBP genes (CDKN2A, HLA-A, RPL12, RPL29, RPL31, RPS19, RPS21, and RPS28) and one downregulated RBP gene (SLC3A2). Cell experiments were conducted to explore the role of the key RBP gene SLC3A2 in vitiligo. Cell experiments confirmed that melanocyte proliferation decreased, whereas apoptosis increased, after SLC3A2 knockdown. SLC3A2 knockdown in melanocytes also decreased the SOD activity and melanin content; increased the Fe2+, ROS, and MDA content; significantly increased the expression levels of TYR and COX2; and decreased the expression levels of glutathione and GPX4. CONCLUSION We identified the RBP genes of different cell subsets in patients with vitiligo and confirmed that downregulating SLC3A2 can promote ferroptosis in melanocytes. These findings provide new insights into the pathogenesis of vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhan Zhang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Dermatology and Venereology, Xinjiang, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Dermatology Research, Xinjiang, China
| | - Fang Xiang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Dermatology and Venereology, Xinjiang, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Dermatology Research, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yuan Ding
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Dermatology and Venereology, Xinjiang, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Dermatology Research, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wen Hu
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Dermatology and Venereology, Xinjiang, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Dermatology Research, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hongjuan Wang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Dermatology and Venereology, Xinjiang, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Dermatology Research, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiangyue Zhang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Dermatology and Venereology, Xinjiang, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Dermatology Research, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zixian Lei
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Dermatology and Venereology, Xinjiang, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Dermatology Research, Xinjiang, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Dermatology and Venereology, Xinjiang, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Dermatology Research, Xinjiang, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Dermatology and Venereology, Xinjiang, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Dermatology Research, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiaojing Kang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, China.
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Dermatology and Venereology, Xinjiang, China.
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Dermatology Research, Xinjiang, China.
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Abstract
Congenital melanocytic nevi (CMN) are special types of moles. CMN happen when extra pigment-making cells (melanocytes) grow in a baby's skin while the baby is forming before birth. They are not caused by anything their parent did or didn't do during pregnancy. These moles are there when the baby is born, stay on the skin for life, and grow as the child grows.
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Karkoszka M, Rok J, Kowalska J, Rzepka Z, Banach K, Wrześniok D. Phototoxic action of meloxicam contributes to dysregulation of redox homeostasis in normal human skin cells - Molecular and biochemical analysis of antioxidant enzymes in melanocytes and fibroblasts. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 95:105745. [PMID: 38036073 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The phototoxic effect of meloxicam (MLX) raises the question of the effect of the drug on the redox homeostasis of normal human skin cells. The main objective of the study was to analyze the effect of MLX and/or UVA radiation (UVAR) on the redox homeostasis of human normal skin cells - melanocytes and fibroblasts. MLX was found to affect the activity and expression of enzymes of the antioxidant system differently depending on the cell line used. The drug decreased the activity and expression of superoxide dismutase type 1 and 2 (SOD1 and SOD2), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in fibroblasts, while increasing the activity of these enzymes in melanocytes. UVA radiation enhanced the effects of the drug. In conclusion, MLX in combination with UVAR induces oxidative stress in melanocytes and fibroblasts, however, the analyses showed that the drug's effect the activity and expression of SOD, CAT and GPx differently, depending on the cell line. The observed dissimilarity between tested cell lines may result from the presence of melanin pigments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Karkoszka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Jakub Rok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Justyna Kowalska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Zuzanna Rzepka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Klaudia Banach
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Dorota Wrześniok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
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10
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Cannon AC, Budagyan K, Uribe-Alvarez C, Kurimchak AM, Araiza-Olivera D, Cai KQ, Peri S, Zhou Y, Duncan JS, Chernoff J. Unique vulnerability of RAC1-mutant melanoma to combined inhibition of CDK9 and immune checkpoints. Oncogene 2024; 43:729-743. [PMID: 38243078 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-024-02947-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
RAC1P29S is the third most prevalent hotspot mutation in sun-exposed melanoma. RAC1 alterations in cancer are correlated with poor prognosis, resistance to standard chemotherapy, and insensitivity to targeted inhibitors. Although RAC1P29S mutations in melanoma and RAC1 alterations in several other cancers are increasingly evident, the RAC1-driven biological mechanisms contributing to tumorigenesis remain unclear. Lack of rigorous signaling analysis has prevented identification of alternative therapeutic targets for RAC1P29S-harboring melanomas. To investigate the RAC1P29S-driven effect on downstream molecular signaling pathways, we generated an inducible RAC1P29S expression melanocytic cell line and performed RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) coupled with multiplexed kinase inhibitor beads and mass spectrometry (MIBs/MS) to establish enriched pathways from the genomic to proteomic level. Our proteogenomic analysis identified CDK9 as a potential new and specific target in RAC1P29S-mutant melanoma cells. In vitro, CDK9 inhibition impeded the proliferation of in RAC1P29S-mutant melanoma cells and increased surface expression of PD-L1 and MHC Class I proteins. In vivo, combining CDK9 inhibition with anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade significantly inhibited tumor growth only in melanomas that expressed the RAC1P29S mutation. Collectively, these results establish CDK9 as a novel target in RAC1-driven melanoma that can further sensitize the tumor to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa C Cannon
- Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Konstantin Budagyan
- Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cristina Uribe-Alvarez
- Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alison M Kurimchak
- Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniela Araiza-Olivera
- Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kathy Q Cai
- Histopathology Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Suraj Peri
- Biostatistics-Bioinformatics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Merck, Bioinformatics Oncology Discovery, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yan Zhou
- Biostatistics-Bioinformatics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - James S Duncan
- Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan Chernoff
- Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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11
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Merzel Šabović EK, Jejinić D, Pagon A, Jugovar N, Hosta V. Digging into uncertainty: a case report on Spitz lesions. Acta Dermatovenerol Alp Pannonica Adriat 2024; 33:49-52. [PMID: 38214489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Spitz lesions represent a spectrum of melanocytic proliferations, and they include Spitz nevi, atypical Spitz tumors, and Spitz melanomas. Atypical Spitz tumors are intermediate melanocytic lesions with features between benign Spitz nevi and malignant Spitz melanomas. They often present a diagnostic challenge to pathologists and dermatologists alike because they can mimic melanoma, especially high-grade atypical Spitz tumors. Importantly, they present a relevant clinical management challenge because definite recommendations for their management and treatment have not yet been established. Here we present the case of a young patient with a high-grade atypical Spitz tumor along with the diagnostic procedure and further management. We also review potential pitfalls in the literature that should alert clinicians to the more aggressive potential of the lesion, such as some BRAF fusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Klara Merzel Šabović
- Department of Dermatology, Ljubljana University Medical Center, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Dragan Jejinić
- Department of Dermatology, Ljubljana University Medical Center, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andreja Pagon
- Department of Dermatology, Ljubljana University Medical Center, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nina Jugovar
- Department of Dermatology, Ljubljana University Medical Center, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Violeta Hosta
- Department of Dermatology, Ljubljana University Medical Center, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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12
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Shahbazi A, Zargar SJ, Aghdami N, Habibi M. The story of melanocyte: a long way from bench to bedside. Cell Tissue Bank 2024; 25:143-157. [PMID: 37046149 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-023-10081-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Skin is composed of major layers, namely a superficial epidermis and a deeper dermis. The color of skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, which is produced by cells called melanocytes. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal. A number of more noticeable disorders, namely albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs. Vitiligo is associated with significant psycho-social morbidity and a major effect on quality of life. Topical steroids, calcineurin inhibitors, phototherapy and surgery are the most common treatments for melanoma. However, there are many patients who do not respond to any of these modalities. The transplantation of cultured or non-cultured melanocyte is the most important treatment for hypopigmentory disorders. This study aims at reviewing the history of melanocyte cultivation, and evaluating the effectiveness of transplantation of cultured cells. For this purpose, the authors examined the initial process of isolation, characterization, and transplantation of epidermal cells. This review, thus, summarizes the current understanding of the cutaneous pigmentary system from the start of synthesis in the pigment cells, along with the response of repigmentation. During the production of melanin, melanosomes are transferred to neighboring keratinocyte in order to form perinuclear melanin caps. The objective of this review is to analyze the melanocytes transplantation in the last century to date, and explore the methods epidermal cells can increase pigmentation in hypo-pigmented areas in skin disorders. Moreover, the focus is on the story of the melanocyte back to 1950s. In addition, prior systemic therapy was associated with a significant increase, based on combined additional therapy, achieving desired results and improved outcomes. Despite the short study of a long way of melanocyte assessment and following up patient treatment, results of the all reports confirmed the efficacy of the method used in the treatment of stable vitiligo patients, who did not respond to the common algorithms of non-invasive treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Shahbazi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Enghelab Street, PO Box: 14155-6455, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Photo Healing and Regeneration, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Jalal Zargar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Enghelab Street, PO Box: 14155-6455, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Naser Aghdami
- Department of Photo Healing and Regeneration, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Habibi
- Department of Photo Healing and Regeneration, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Liopyris K, Navarrete-Dechent C, Marchetti MA, Rotemberg V, Apalla Z, Argenziano G, Blum A, Braun RP, Carrera C, Codella NCF, Combalia M, Dusza SW, Gutman DA, Helba B, Hofmann-Wellenhof R, Jaimes N, Kittler H, Kose K, Lallas A, Longo C, Malvehy J, Menzies S, Nelson KC, Paoli J, Puig S, Rabinovitz HS, Rishpon A, Russo T, Scope A, Soyer HP, Stein JA, Stolz W, Sgouros D, Stratigos AJ, Swanson DL, Thomas L, Tschandl P, Zalaudek I, Weber J, Halpern AC, Marghoob AA. Expert Agreement on the Presence and Spatial Localization of Melanocytic Features in Dermoscopy. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:531-539.e13. [PMID: 37689267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Dermoscopy aids in melanoma detection; however, agreement on dermoscopic features, including those of high clinical relevance, remains poor. In this study, we attempted to evaluate agreement among experts on exemplar images not only for the presence of melanocytic-specific features but also for spatial localization. This was a cross-sectional, multicenter, observational study. Dermoscopy images exhibiting at least 1 of 31 melanocytic-specific features were submitted by 25 world experts as exemplars. Using a web-based platform that allows for image markup of specific contrast-defined regions (superpixels), 20 expert readers annotated 248 dermoscopic images in collections of 62 images. Each collection was reviewed by five independent readers. A total of 4,507 feature observations were performed. Good-to-excellent agreement was found for 14 of 31 features (45.2%), with eight achieving excellent agreement (Gwet's AC >0.75) and seven of them being melanoma-specific features. These features were peppering/granularity (0.91), shiny white streaks (0.89), typical pigment network (0.83), blotch irregular (0.82), negative network (0.81), irregular globules (0.78), dotted vessels (0.77), and blue-whitish veil (0.76). By utilizing an exemplar dataset, a good-to-excellent agreement was found for 14 features that have previously been shown useful in discriminating nevi from melanoma. All images are public (www.isic-archive.com) and can be used for education, scientific communication, and machine learning experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Liopyris
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA; Department of Dermatology, Andreas Syggros Hospital of Cutaneous & Venereal Diseases, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Cristian Navarrete-Dechent
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA; Department of Dermatology, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Michael A Marchetti
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Veronica Rotemberg
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Zoe Apalla
- First Department of Dermatology, Aristotle University School of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Andreas Blum
- Public, Private, and Teaching Practice of Dermatology, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Ralph P Braun
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Carrera
- Melanoma Unit, Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
| | - Noel C F Codella
- IBM Research AI, Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York, USA
| | - Marc Combalia
- Melanoma Unit, Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
| | - Stephen W Dusza
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - David A Gutman
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | | | - Natalia Jaimes
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Harald Kittler
- Vienna Dermatologic Imaging Research Group, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kivanc Kose
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Aimilios Lallas
- First Department of Dermatology, Aristotle University School of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Caterina Longo
- Department of Dermatology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Centro Oncologico ad Alta Tecnologia Diagnostica, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Josep Malvehy
- Melanoma Unit, Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
| | - Scott Menzies
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia; Sydney Melanoma Diagnostic Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Kelly C Nelson
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - John Paoli
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Susana Puig
- Melanoma Unit, Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
| | - Harold S Rabinovitz
- Department of Dermatology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Ayelet Rishpon
- Department of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Teresa Russo
- Dermatology Unit, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Alon Scope
- Medical Screening Institute, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - H Peter Soyer
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jennifer A Stein
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Willhelm Stolz
- Department of Dermatology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Sgouros
- Department of Dermatology, Andreas Syggros Hospital of Cutaneous & Venereal Diseases, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexander J Stratigos
- Department of Dermatology, Andreas Syggros Hospital of Cutaneous & Venereal Diseases, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - David L Swanson
- Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Luc Thomas
- Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier de Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Philipp Tschandl
- Vienna Dermatologic Imaging Research Group, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Iris Zalaudek
- Dermatology Clinic, Maggiore Hospital, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Jochen Weber
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Allan C Halpern
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Ashfaq A Marghoob
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA.
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14
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Nakajima M, Watanabe K, Ohara Y, Otsuki M, Wakasa T, Tsuruta D, Oiso N. Hyperpigmentation with droplets of melanocytes into the dermis in primary localized cutaneous amyloidosis. J Dermatol 2024; 51:e72-e73. [PMID: 37789690 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.16986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maki Nakajima
- Department of Dermatology, Kindai University Nara Hospital, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Keiko Watanabe
- Department of Dermatology, Kindai University Nara Hospital, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Yushiro Ohara
- Department of Dermatology, Kindai University Nara Hospital, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Mai Otsuki
- Department of Dermatology, Kindai University Nara Hospital, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Tomoko Wakasa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kindai University Nara Hospital, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tsuruta
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka Metropolitan University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoki Oiso
- Department of Dermatology, Kindai University Nara Hospital, Ikoma, Japan
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15
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Chivukula N, Ramesh K, Subbaroyan A, Sahoo AK, Dhanakoti GB, Ravichandran J, Samal A. ViCEKb: Vitiligo-linked Chemical Exposome Knowledgebase. Sci Total Environ 2024; 913:169711. [PMID: 38160837 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Vitiligo is a complex disease wherein the environmental factors, in conjunction with the underlying genetic predispositions, trigger the autoimmune destruction of melanocytes, ultimately leading to depigmented patches on the skin. While genetic factors have been extensively studied, the knowledge on environmental triggers remains sparse and less understood. To address this knowledge gap, we present the first comprehensive knowledgebase of vitiligo-triggering chemicals namely, Vitiligo-linked Chemical Exposome Knowledgebase (ViCEKb). ViCEKb involves an extensive and systematic manual effort in curation of published literature and subsequent compilation of 113 unique chemical triggers of vitiligo. ViCEKb standardizes various chemical information, and categorizes the chemicals based on their evidences and sources of exposure. Importantly, ViCEKb contains a wide range of metrics necessary for different toxicological evaluations. Notably, we observed that ViCEKb chemicals are present in a variety of consumer products. For instance, Propyl gallate is present as a fragrance substance in various household products, and Flutamide is used in medication to treat prostate cancer. These two chemicals have the highest level of evidence in ViCEKb, but are not regulated for their skin sensitizing effects. Furthermore, an extensive cheminformatics-based investigation revealed that ViCEKb chemical space is structurally diverse and comprises unique chemical scaffolds in comparison with skin specific regulatory lists. For example, Neomycin and 2,3,5-Triglycidyl-4-aminophenol have unique chemical scaffolds and the highest level of evidence in ViCEKb, but are not regulated for their skin sensitizing effects. Finally, a transcriptomics-based analysis of ViCEKb chemical perturbations in skin cell samples highlighted the commonality in their linked biological processes. Overall, we present the first comprehensive effort in compilation and exploration of various chemical triggers of vitiligo. We believe such a resource will enable in deciphering the complex etiology of vitiligo and aid in the characterization of human chemical exposome. ViCEKb is freely available for academic research at: https://cb.imsc.res.in/vicekb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Chivukula
- The Institute of Mathematical Sciences (IMSc), Chennai, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| | | | - Ajay Subbaroyan
- The Institute of Mathematical Sciences (IMSc), Chennai, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| | - Ajaya Kumar Sahoo
- The Institute of Mathematical Sciences (IMSc), Chennai, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| | | | - Janani Ravichandran
- The Institute of Mathematical Sciences (IMSc), Chennai, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| | - Areejit Samal
- The Institute of Mathematical Sciences (IMSc), Chennai, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India.
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16
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Zamudio Díaz DF, Busch L, Kröger M, Klein AL, Lohan SB, Mewes KR, Vierkotten L, Witzel C, Rohn S, Meinke MC. Significance of melanin distribution in the epidermis for the protective effect against UV light. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3488. [PMID: 38347037 PMCID: PMC10861496 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53941-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Melanin, the most abundant skin chromophore, is produced by melanocytes and is one of the key components responsible for mediating the skin's response to ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Because of its antioxidant, radical scavenging, and broadband UV absorbing properties, melanin reduces the penetration of UVR into the nuclei of keratinocytes. Despite its long-established photoprotective role, there is evidence that melanin may also induce oxidative DNA damage in keratinocytes after UV exposure and therefore be involved in the development of melanoma. The present work aimed at evaluating the dependence of UV-induced DNA damage on melanin content and distribution, using reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) models. Tanned and light RHE were irradiated with a 233 nm UV-C LED source at 60 mJ/cm2 and a UV lamp at 3 mJ/cm2. Higher UV-mediated free radicals and DNA damage were detected in tanned RHE with significantly higher melanin content than in light RHE. The melanin distribution in the individual models can explain the lack of photoprotection. Fluorescence lifetime-based analysis and Fontana-Masson staining revealed a non-homogeneous distribution and absence of perinuclear melanin in the tanned RHE compared to the in vivo situation in humans. Extracellularly dispersed epidermal melanin interferes with photoprotection of the keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela F Zamudio Díaz
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Food Technology and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355, Berlin, Germany
| | - Loris Busch
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Marius Kröger
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Lena Klein
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Silke B Lohan
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karsten R Mewes
- Henkel AG & Co. KGaA, Henkelstr. 67, 40589, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lars Vierkotten
- Henkel AG & Co. KGaA, Henkelstr. 67, 40589, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Witzel
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sascha Rohn
- Institute of Food Technology and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martina C Meinke
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
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17
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Montero P, Sanz C, Pérez-Fidalgo JA, Pérez-Leal M, Milara J, Cortijo J. Paclitaxel alters melanogenesis and causes pigmentation in the skin of gynecological cancer patients. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2024; 38:183-191. [PMID: 37483143 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paclitaxel (PTX) is a microtubule-stabilizing antineoplastic that has been shown to damage healthy tissues like the skin. Hyperpigmentation can be found among the adverse effects caused by PTX, but the literature is limited and the mechanisms driving PTX-induced pigmentary alterations are unknown. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to describe the pigmentary alterations caused by PTX and to determine the effects of PTX on melanocytes. METHODS Pigmentary skin alterations were measured in 20 gynecological cancer patients under PTX treatment by using specific probes, which determine the melanin index and the pigmentation level. Melanocytes were incubated with paclitaxel to analyze melanogenesis markers gene expression, melanin content, and transcription factors activation. RESULTS Paclitaxel induced alterations in the skin pigmentation with no visible clinical manifestations. Gynecological cancer patients under paclitaxel treatment had an increase in the melanin index and pigmentation levels. In vitro, PTX exposure to melanocytes increased the expression of melanogenesis markers, melanin content, and induced activation of ERK and MITF. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that PTX alters pigmentation in patients with no clinically visible manifestations, and these alterations might be driven by its capacity to stimulate melanogenesis on melanocytes through the MITF activation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Montero
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Celia Sanz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose Alejandro Pérez-Fidalgo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Cancer (CIBERONC), Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - Martín Pérez-Leal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Milara
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Pharmacy Unit, University General Hospital Consortium, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julio Cortijo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Research and Teaching Unit, University General Hospital Consortium, Valencia, Spain
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18
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Wang Y, Gong J, Ding X, Luo S. CircRTTN upregulates EPHA2 to aggravate the malignant process of melanoma via sponging miR-890. Histol Histopathol 2024; 39:211-224. [PMID: 37158505 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant melanoma is a kind of tumor derived from melanocytes, which has the characteristics of drug resistance and distant metastasis. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in the pathogenesis of melanoma. Our current study aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of circRTTN in melanoma progression. METHODS The levels of circRTTN, microRNA-890 (miR-890) and EPH receptor A2 (EPHA2) were examined via quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), colony formation, 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) staining, flow cytometry, transwell and tube formation assays were conducted to estimate the effects of circRTTN on growth, apoptosis, migration, invasion and angiogenesis of melanoma cells. Western blot was used to measure related marker protein levels. The interaction between miR-890 and circRTTN or EPHA2 was predicted by bioinformatics analysis and verified by dual-luciferase reporter and RNA Immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays. Xenograft assay was used to assess the effect of circRTTN in vivo. RESULTS CircRTTN and EPHA2 levels were up-regulated, while miR-890 was down-regulated in melanoma tissues and cells. CircRTTN knockdown restrained cell proliferation, migration, invasion and angiogenesis, but promoted cell apoptosis in vitro. CircRTTN was an effective molecular sponge for miR-890, and negatively regulated miR-890 expression. The suppressive role of circRTTN knockdown on cell growth, metastasis and angiogenesis in vitro was abated by blocking miR-890. MiR-890 directly targeted EPHA2. MiR-890 overexpression elicited a similar anti-tumor role in melanoma cells, which was abrogated by overexpression of EPHA2. In addition circRTTN knowdown markedly attenuated xenograft tumor growth in vivo. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrated that circRTTN mediated melanoma progression via regulating the miR-890/ EPHA2 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Wang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Junzuo Gong
- Departement of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiaojie Ding
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong City, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Shu Luo
- Departement of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong City, Sichuan Province, China
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19
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Liu LY, He SJ, Chen Z, Ge M, Lyu CY, Gao D, Yu JP, Cai MH, Yuan JX, Zhang JL. The Role of Regulatory Cell Death in Vitiligo. DNA Cell Biol 2024; 43:61-73. [PMID: 38153369 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2023.0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo is one of the common chronic autoimmune skin diseases in clinic, which is characterized by localized or generalized depigmentation and seriously affects the physical and mental health of patients. At present, the pathogenesis of vitiligo is not clear; mainly, heredity, autoimmunity, oxidative stress, melanocyte (MC) self-destruction, and the destruction, death, or dysfunction of MCs caused by various reasons are always the core of vitiligo. Regulatory cell death (RCD) is an active and orderly death mode of cells regulated by genes, which widely exists in various life activities, plays a pivotal role in maintaining the homeostasis of the organism, and is closely related to the occurrence and development of many diseases. With the deepening of the research and understanding of RCD, people gradually found that there are many different forms of RCD in the lesions and perilesional skin of vitiligo patients, such as apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and so on. Different cell death modes have different mechanisms in vitiligo, and different RCDs can interact and regulate each other. In this article, the mechanism related to RCD in the pathogenesis of vitiligo is reviewed, which provides new ideas for exploring the pathogenesis and targeted treatment of vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyu-Ye Liu
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Jia He
- Department of Dermatology, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Chen
- First Clinical Medical College Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Man Ge
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Yi Lyu
- First Clinical Medical College Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Gao
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Peng Yu
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Han Cai
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Xiang Yuan
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Ling Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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20
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Li Y, Zeng Y, Chen Z, Tan X, Mei X, Wu Z. The role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor in vitiligo: a review. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1291556. [PMID: 38361944 PMCID: PMC10867127 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1291556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo is an acquired autoimmune dermatosis characterized by patchy skin depigmentation, causing significant psychological distress to the patients. Genetic susceptibility, environmental triggers, oxidative stress, and autoimmunity contribute to melanocyte destruction in vitiligo. Due to the diversity and complexity of pathogenesis, the combination of inhibiting melanocyte destruction and stimulating melanogenesis gives the best results in treating vitiligo. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that can regulate the expression of various downstream genes and play roles in cell differentiation, immune response, and physiological homeostasis maintenance. Recent studies suggested that AhR signaling pathway was downregulated in vitiligo. Activation of AhR pathway helps to activate antioxidant pathways, inhibit abnormal immunity response, and upregulate the melanogenesis gene, thereby protecting melanocytes from oxidative stress damage, controlling disease progression, and promoting lesion repigmentation. Here, we review the relevant literature and summarize the possible roles of the AhR signaling pathway in vitiligo pathogenesis and treatment, to further understand the links between the AhR and vitiligo, and provide new potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Li
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yibin Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zile Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Tan
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingyu Mei
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhouwei Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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21
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Tulic MK. Combating Stress by Targeting Innate Immunity to Stop the War against Melanocytes in Vitiligo. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:197-198. [PMID: 37737806 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Meri K Tulic
- INSERM U1065, Mediterranean Centre of Molecular Medicine (C3M), University of Cote d'Azur, Nice, France.
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22
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Chanteloube S, Debret R. The regenerative potential of autologous stem and somatic cells in vitiligo. Eur J Dermatol 2024; 34:13-17. [PMID: 38557453 DOI: 10.1684/ejd.2024.4602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Vitiligo is a human pigmentary disorder characterized by autoimmune destruction of mature melanocytes in the skin. In addition to studies on the inflammatory component of the disease, current treatments tend to involve stimulation of local melanocyte stem cells or transplantation of functional melanocytes from uninjured areas, however, in some cases of extensive depigmentation, only a few healthy cells can be obtained. This review discusses examples in the literature of the use of different sources of autologous stem and somatic cells in order to obtain melanocyte progenitors or mature melanocytes, and compares the strategy of stem cell differentiation with that of somatic cell reprogramming. More specifically, this review illustrates the capability of stem cells to differentiate from dental pulp, bone marrow, and adipose tissue; the reprogramming of pluripotent cells and the transdifferentiation of fibroblasts and keratinocytes. Each of these approaches is capable of producing fully functional melanocytes, but all have advantages and disadvantages. Finally, the relevance for potential clinical application is discussed, along with the risks associated with each strategy and the major current barriers to their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Chanteloube
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, UMR5305, CNRS/Université de Lyon, 8 avenue Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Romain Debret
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, UMR5305, CNRS/Université de Lyon, 8 avenue Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France
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23
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An L, Kim D, Donahue LR, Mejooli MA, Eom CY, Nishimura N, White AC. Sexual dimorphism in melanocyte stem cell behavior reveals combinational therapeutic strategies for cutaneous repigmentation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:796. [PMID: 38280858 PMCID: PMC10821900 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45034-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo is an autoimmune skin disease caused by cutaneous melanocyte loss. Although phototherapy and T cell suppression therapy have been widely used to induce epidermal re-pigmentation, full pigmentation recovery is rarely achieved due to our poor understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms governing this process. Here, we identify unique melanocyte stem cell (McSC) epidermal migration rates between male and female mice, which is due to sexually dimorphic cutaneous inflammatory responses generated by ultra-violet B exposure. Using genetically engineered mouse models, and unbiased bulk and single-cell mRNA sequencing approaches, we determine that manipulating the inflammatory response through cyclooxygenase and its downstream prostaglandin product regulates McSC proliferation and epidermal migration in response to UVB exposure. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a combinational therapy that manipulates both macrophages and T cells (or innate and adaptive immunity) significantly promotes epidermal melanocyte re-population. With these findings, we propose a novel therapeutic strategy for repigmentation in patients with depigmentation conditions such as vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luye An
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Dahihm Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Leanne R Donahue
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | | | - Chi-Yong Eom
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Nozomi Nishimura
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Andrew C White
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA.
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24
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Udagawa T, Takahashi E, Tatsumi N, Mutai H, Saijo H, Kondo Y, Atkinson PJ, Matsunaga T, Yoshikawa M, Kojima H, Okabe M, Cheng AG. Loss of Pax3 causes reduction of melanocytes in the developing mouse cochlea. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2210. [PMID: 38278860 PMCID: PMC10817906 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52629-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cochlear melanocytes are intermediate cells in the stria vascularis that generate endocochlear potentials required for auditory function. Human PAX3 mutations cause Waardenburg syndrome and abnormalities of skin and retinal melanocytes, manifested as congenital hearing loss (~ 70%) and hypopigmentation of skin, hair and eyes. However, the underlying mechanism of hearing loss remains unclear. Cochlear melanocytes in the stria vascularis originated from Pax3-traced melanoblasts and Plp1-traced Schwann cell precursors, both of which derive from neural crest cells. Here, using a Pax3-Cre knock-in mouse that allows lineage tracing of Pax3-expressing cells and disruption of Pax3, we found that Pax3 deficiency causes foreshortened cochlea, malformed vestibular apparatus, and neural tube defects. Lineage tracing and in situ hybridization show that Pax3+ derivatives contribute to S100+, Kir4.1+ and Dct+ melanocytes (intermediate cells) in the developing stria vascularis, all of which are significantly diminished in Pax3 mutant animals. Taken together, these results suggest that Pax3 is required for the development of neural crest cell-derived cochlear melanocytes, whose absence may contribute to congenital hearing loss of Waardenburg syndrome in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomokatsu Udagawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan.
- Department of Anatomy, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Erisa Takahashi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
- Department of Anatomy, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norifumi Tatsumi
- Department of Anatomy, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Mutai
- Division Hearing and Balance Research, National Institute of Sensory Organs, NHO Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Saijo
- Department of Anatomy, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Kondo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Patrick J Atkinson
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Tatsuo Matsunaga
- Division Hearing and Balance Research, National Institute of Sensory Organs, NHO Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamoru Yoshikawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Kojima
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Masataka Okabe
- Department of Anatomy, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Alan G Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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25
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Lv J, Zhang X, An X, Cao Y, Meng D, Zou K, Gao R, Zhang R. The inhibition of VDAC1 oligomerization promotes pigmentation through the CaMK-CRTCs/CREB-MITF pathway. Exp Cell Res 2024; 434:113874. [PMID: 38070860 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) forms an oligomeric structure on the mitochondrial outer membrane, which plays critical roles in many physiological processes. Research studies have demonstrated that the knockout of VDAC1 increases pigment content and up-regulates the expression of melanogenic genes. Due to its involvement in various physiological processes, the depletion of VDAC1 has significant detrimental effects on cellular functions and the inhibition of VDAC1 oligomerization has recently emerged as a promising strategy for the treatment of several diseases. In this study, we found that VDAC1 oligomerization inhibitors, VBIT-12 and NSC-15364, promote melanogenesis, dendrite formation and melanosome transport in human epidermal melanocytes (HEMCs). Mechanistically, treatment of HEMCs with an oligomerization inhibitor increased the level of cytoplasmic calcium ions, which activated calcium-calmodulin dependent protein kinase (CaMK) and led to the phosphorylation of CREB and the nuclear translocation of CREB-regulated transcription coactivators (CRTCs). Subsequently, CRTCs, p-CREB and CREB-binding protein (CBP) in the nucleus cooperatively recruit the transcription machinery to initiate the transcription of MITF thus promoting pigmentation. Importantly, our study also demonstrates that VDAC1 oligomerization inhibitors increase pigmentation in zebrafish and in human skin explants, highlighting their potential as a therapeutic strategy for skin pigmentation disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213000, China; Department of Dermatology, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Ximei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Xiaohong An
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Yunke Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory Co., Ltd., Kunming, 650106, China; Yunnan Botanee Bio-technology Group Co., Ltd., Kunming, 650106, China
| | - Yan Cao
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Duo Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Kun Zou
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Rongyin Gao
- Department of Dermatology, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Ruzhi Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213000, China.
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26
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Pozniak J, Pedri D, Landeloos E, Van Herck Y, Antoranz A, Vanwynsberghe L, Nowosad A, Roda N, Makhzami S, Bervoets G, Maciel LF, Pulido-Vicuña CA, Pollaris L, Seurinck R, Zhao F, Flem-Karlsen K, Damsky W, Chen L, Karagianni D, Cinque S, Kint S, Vandereyken K, Rombaut B, Voet T, Vernaillen F, Annaert W, Lambrechts D, Boecxstaens V, Saeys Y, van den Oord J, Bosisio F, Karras P, Shain AH, Bosenberg M, Leucci E, Paschen A, Rambow F, Bechter O, Marine JC. A TCF4-dependent gene regulatory network confers resistance to immunotherapy in melanoma. Cell 2024; 187:166-183.e25. [PMID: 38181739 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
To better understand intrinsic resistance to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), we established a comprehensive view of the cellular architecture of the treatment-naive melanoma ecosystem and studied its evolution under ICB. Using single-cell, spatial multi-omics, we showed that the tumor microenvironment promotes the emergence of a complex melanoma transcriptomic landscape. Melanoma cells harboring a mesenchymal-like (MES) state, a population known to confer resistance to targeted therapy, were significantly enriched in early on-treatment biopsies from non-responders to ICB. TCF4 serves as the hub of this landscape by being a master regulator of the MES signature and a suppressor of the melanocytic and antigen presentation transcriptional programs. Targeting TCF4 genetically or pharmacologically, using a bromodomain inhibitor, increased immunogenicity and sensitivity of MES cells to ICB and targeted therapy. We thereby uncovered a TCF4-dependent regulatory network that orchestrates multiple transcriptional programs and contributes to resistance to both targeted therapy and ICB in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Pozniak
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Dennis Pedri
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ewout Landeloos
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of General Medical Oncology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Asier Antoranz
- Laboratory of Translational Cell and Tissue Research, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven and UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lukas Vanwynsberghe
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ada Nowosad
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Niccolò Roda
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Samira Makhzami
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Greet Bervoets
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lucas Ferreira Maciel
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carlos Ariel Pulido-Vicuña
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lotte Pollaris
- Data Mining and Modeling for Biomedicine Group, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ruth Seurinck
- Data Mining and Modeling for Biomedicine Group, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fang Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Immunology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Karine Flem-Karlsen
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University, 15 York Street, New Haven, CT 05610, USA
| | - William Damsky
- Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, Yale University, 15 York Street, New Haven, CT 05610, USA
| | - Limin Chen
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Despoina Karagianni
- Immune Regulation and Tumor Immunotherapy Group, Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Sonia Cinque
- Laboratory for RNA Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sam Kint
- Laboratory of Reproductive Genomics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven Institute for Single Cell Omics (LISCO), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katy Vandereyken
- Laboratory of Reproductive Genomics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven Institute for Single Cell Omics (LISCO), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Rombaut
- Data Mining and Modeling for Biomedicine Group, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thierry Voet
- Laboratory of Reproductive Genomics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven Institute for Single Cell Omics (LISCO), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Wim Annaert
- Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Laboratory of Translational Genetics, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Center for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Yvan Saeys
- Data Mining and Modeling for Biomedicine Group, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joost van den Oord
- Laboratory of Translational Cell and Tissue Research, Department of Pathology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Francesca Bosisio
- Laboratory of Translational Cell and Tissue Research, Department of Pathology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Panagiotis Karras
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - A Hunter Shain
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Marcus Bosenberg
- Departments of Dermatology, Pathology and Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 05610, USA
| | - Eleonora Leucci
- Laboratory for RNA Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annette Paschen
- Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Immunology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Florian Rambow
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Applied Computational Cancer Research, Institute for AI in Medicine (IKIM), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Oliver Bechter
- Department of General Medical Oncology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Jean-Christophe Marine
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Ferreira de Araújo MG, Almondes Santana Lemos LE, Negromonte Guerra PL, Marcia dos Santos Lima Didjurgeit F, Batista Cezar A, Faquini IV, Cirne de Azevedo Filho HR. Supratentorial meningeal melanocytoma mimicking meningioma: case report and literature review. Pathol Oncol Res 2024; 29:1611482. [PMID: 38239282 PMCID: PMC10794320 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2023.1611482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Introduction: Primary melanocytic tumors originating from CNS melanocytes are rare, with a low incidence of 0.7 cases per 10 million annually. This study focuses on primary leptomeningeal melanocytomas, emphasizing their epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and diagnostic challenges. Despite their infrequency, these tumors warrant attention due to their unique features and potential for local recurrence. Case Report: A 32-year-old female presented with syncope and seizures, leading to the discovery of two left-sided supratentorial lesions initially misidentified as convexity meningiomas. Detailed imaging suggested meningioma-like features, but intraoperative findings revealed unexpected hyperpigmented lesions. Histopathological examination, supported by immunohistochemistry, confirmed primary leptomeningeal melanocytoma. The surgical approach and subsequent management are discussed. Discussion: The discussion emphasizes challenges in diagnosing primary leptomeningeal melanocytomas. Treatment debates, especially regarding adjuvant radiotherapy, are explored. Recurrence risks stress the importance of vigilant follow-up, advocating for complete surgical resection as the primary approach. The rarity of supratentorial cases adds complexity to diagnosis, necessitating a multidisciplinary approach. Insights from this case contribute to understanding and managing primary leptomeningeal melanocytomas, addressing challenges in differentiation from more common tumors and prompting ongoing research for refined diagnostics and optimized treatments. Conclusion: This study contributes insights into primary leptomeningeal melanocytomas, highlighting their rarity in supratentorial regions. The case underscores the importance of a multidisciplinary approach, incorporating clinical, radiological, and histopathological expertise for accurate diagnosis and tailored management. Ongoing research is crucial to refine treatment strategies, enhance prognostic precision, and improve outcomes for individuals with this uncommon CNS neoplasm.
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Shah F, Giri PS, Bharti AH, Dwivedi M. Compromised melanocyte survival due to decreased suppression of CD4 + & CD8 + resident memory T cells by impaired TRM-regulatory T cells in generalized vitiligo patients. Exp Dermatol 2024; 33:e14982. [PMID: 37994568 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are involved in the suppression of activated T cells in generalized vitiligo (GV). The study was aimed to investigate resident memory (TRM)-Tregs and antigen-specific Tregs' numbers and functional defects in 25 GV patients and 20 controls. CD4+ & CD8+ TRM cell proliferation was assessed by BrDU assay; production of IL-10, TGF-β, IFN-γ, perforin and granzyme B were assessed by ELISA and enumeration of TRM cells was done by flowcytometry. GV patients showed significantly increased frequency and absolute count of CD4+ & CD8+ TRM cells in lesional (L), perilesional (PL) and non-lesional (NL) skin compared to controls (p = 0.0003, p = 0.0029 & p = 0.0115, respectively & p = 0.0003, p = 0.003 & p = 0.086, respectively). Whereas, TRM-Treg (p < 0.0001 & p = 0.0015) and antigen-specific Tregs (p = 0.0014 & p = 0.003) exhibited significantly decreased frequency and absolute counts in L & PL skin. GV patients showed reduced suppression of CD8+ & CD4+ TRM cells (with increased IFN-γ, perforin & granzyme B) and decreased TRM-Tregs and antigen-specific Tregs (with decreased IL-10 & TGF-β production) and reduced proliferation of SK-Mel-28 cells in co-culture systems. Immunohistochemistry revealed increased expression of TRM stimulating cytokines: IL-15 & IL-17A and reduced expression of TGF-β & IL-10 in L, PL, NL skins compared to controls. These results for the first time suggest that decreased and impaired TRM-Tregs and antigen-specific Tregs are unable to suppress CD4+ & CD8+ TRMs' cytotoxic function and their proliferation due to decrease production of immunosuppressive cytokines (IL-10 & TGF-β) and increased production of TRM based IFN-γ, perforin and granzyme B production, thus compromising the melanocyte survival in GV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firdosh Shah
- C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Uka Tarsadia University, Surat, India
| | - Prashant S Giri
- C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Uka Tarsadia University, Surat, India
| | | | - Mitesh Dwivedi
- C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Uka Tarsadia University, Surat, India
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29
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Elgash M, Young J, White K, Leitenberger J, Bar A. An Update and Review of Clinical Outcomes Using Immunohistochemical Stains in Mohs Micrographic Surgery for Melanoma. Dermatol Surg 2024; 50:9-15. [PMID: 37738278 DOI: 10.1097/dss.0000000000003945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) provides optimal margin control through complete peripheral and deep margin assessment. The treatment of melanoma using MMS has historically been limited by difficulty in interpreting melanocytes using frozen sections. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, a technique whereby chromogen-tagged antibodies are used to detect antigens of interest, has revolutionized the surgical treatment of melanoma. OBJECTIVES This article provides an update and literature review of current IHC stains used in MMS for melanoma, their sensitivities and specificities, and clinical outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS A PubMed search was performed using keywords including "immunohistochemistry," "staining," and "Mohs surgery." Articles related to the use of IHC staining for the treatment of melanoma with MMS were included. RESULTS Six IHC stains met the criteria for the review including melanoma antigen recognized by T cells (MART-1), SRY-related HMG-box (SOX10), microphthalmia-associated transcription factor, HMB-45, MEL-5, S-100, and preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma. CONCLUSION The adaptation of IHC methods to frozen sections has enabled MMS to become a preferred treatment option for melanoma in special-site areas. Future studies are needed to standardize IHC techniques and to define best practices when using frozen section in the treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Elgash
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jade Young
- Oregon Health and Science University, School of Medicine, Portland, Oregon
| | - Kevin White
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Justin Leitenberger
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Anna Bar
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
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Navrazhina K, Garcet S, Williams SC, Gulati N, Kiecker F, Frew JW, Mitsui H, Krueger JG. Laser capture microdissection provides a novel molecular profile of human primary cutaneous melanoma. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2024; 37:81-89. [PMID: 37776566 PMCID: PMC10841058 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.13121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma accounts for the majority of skin cancer-related mortality, highlighting the need to better understand melanoma initiation and progression. In-depth molecular analysis of neoplastic melanocytes in whole tissue biopsies may be diluted by inflammatory infiltration, which may obscure gene signatures specific to neoplastic cells. Thus, a method is needed to precisely uncover molecular changes specific to tumor cells from a limited sample of primary melanomas. Here, we performed laser capture microdissection (LCM) and gene expression profiling of patient-derived frozen sections of pigmented lesions and primary cutaneous melanoma. Compared to bulk tissue analysis, analysis of LCM-derived samples identified 9528 additional differentially expressed genes (DEGs) including melanocyte-specific genes like PMEL and TYR, with enriched of pathways related to cell proliferation. LCM methodology also identified potentially targetable kinases specific to melanoma cells that were not detected by bulk tissue analysis. Taken together, our data demonstrate that there are marked differences in gene expression profiles depending on the method of sample isolation. We found that LCM captured higher expression of melanoma-related genes while whole tissue biopsy identified a wider range of inflammatory markers. Taken together, our data demonstrate that LCM is a valid approach to identify melanoma-specific changes using a relatively small amount of primary patient-derived melanoma sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Navrazhina
- Laboratory of Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD program, New York, NY
| | - Sandra Garcet
- Laboratory of Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samuel C. Williams
- Laboratory of Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD program, New York, NY
| | - Nicholas Gulati
- Laboratory of Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Felix Kiecker
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Skin Cancer Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - John W. Frew
- Laboratory of Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hiroshi Mitsui
- Laboratory of Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - James G. Krueger
- Laboratory of Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
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Guttman-Yassky E, Del Duca E, Da Rosa JC, Bar J, Ezzedine K, Ye Z, He W, Hyde C, Hassan-Zahraee M, Yamaguchi Y, Peeva E. Improvements in immune/melanocyte biomarkers with JAK3/TEC family kinase inhibitor ritlecitinib in vitiligo. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 153:161-172.e8. [PMID: 37777018 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitiligo is an autoimmune depigmenting disorder with no effective and safe treatments. Its pathogenesis is not fully elucidated. OBJECTIVE This substudy of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2b trial (NCT03715829) evaluated effects of ritlecitinib, an oral JAK3/TEC family kinase inhibitor, on skin and blood biomarkers in participants with nonsegmental vitiligo (NSV). METHODS Sixty-five adults with NSV participated in the substudy and received daily treatment for 24 weeks with placebo (n = 14) or ritlecitinib with or without a 4-week loading dose: 200 (loading dose)/50 mg (n = 13), 100/50 mg (n = 12), 50 mg (n = 11), 30 mg (n = 8), or 10 mg (n = 6). Skin (lesional and nonlesional) biopsy samples were obtained at baseline and at 4 and 24 weeks. Changes from baseline to weeks 4 and 24 in skin and blood molecular and cellular biomarkers were evaluated by RNA sequencing, quantitative real-time PCR, proteomic analysis, and flow cytometry. RESULTS Ritlecitinib-treated groups showed downregulation of immune biomarkers and upregulation of melanocyte-related markers at weeks 4 and 24 compared to baseline and/or placebo. Significant reductions were seen in CD3+/CD8+ T-cell infiltrates, with significant increases in melanocyte markers (tyrosinase; Melan-A) in NSV lesions in the 50 mg ritlecitinib groups (both P < .05). There was significant, dose-dependent downregulation in T-cell activation, NK, cytotoxic, and regulatory markers in lesional skin (IL-2, IL2-RA, IL-15, CCR7, CD5, CRTAM, NCR1, XCL1, KIR3DL1, FASLG, KLRD; P < .05). TH1 and TH2 markers were also downregulated in lesional skin and blood in a dose-dependent manner (P < .05). Changes in immune biomarkers correlated with clinical response. CONCLUSIONS Ritlecitinib significantly downregulated proinflammatory biomarkers and increased melanocyte products in skin and blood of participants with NSV, suggesting its potential in treatment. Ritlecitinib-mediated changes positively correlated with clinical response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Guttman-Yassky
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai, New York, NY.
| | - Ester Del Duca
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Joel Correa Da Rosa
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Jonathan Bar
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Khaled Ezzedine
- Hôpital Henri Mondor and Université Paris-Est Créteil, EpiDermE-Epidemiology in Dermatology and Evaluation of Therapeutics, Creteil, France
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Hakozaki T, Wang J, Laughlin T, Jarrold B, Zhao W, Furue M. Role of interleukin-6 and endothelin-1 receptors in enhanced melanocyte dendricity of facial spots and suppression of their ligands by niacinamide and tranexamic acid. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2024; 38 Suppl 2:3-10. [PMID: 38116639 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperpigmented spots are common issues in all ethnicities with a hallmark characteristic of increased melanocyte dendricity. OBJECTIVES To determine (1) potential receptors and/or cytokines that are involved in increased melanocyte dendricity in multiple facial spot types; (2) treatment effects of skin-lightening compounds on identified cytokine release from keratinocytes and on dendricity in melanocytes. METHODS Facial spots (melasma, solar lentigo, acne-induced post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation) and adjacent non-spot skin biopsies were collected from Chinese women (age 20-70). The epidermal supra and basal layers were laser dissected to enrich keratinocyte or melanocyte biology respectively for transcriptome analysis. Melanocyte dendricity was assessed histologically by immunofluorescent staining. Effect of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) on melanocyte dendricity and melanosome transfer were assessed in human melanocytes or melanocyte-keratinocyte co-culture models. Treatment effects of skin-lightening compounds (niacinamide, tranexamic acid [TxA], sucrose laurate/dilaurate mixture [SDL]) were assessed on IL-6 or ET-1 release from keratinocytes and on dendricity in melanocytes. RESULTS Transcriptome analysis revealed IL-6 receptor and ET-1 receptor were significantly upregulated compared to the adjacent normal skin, visually confirmed at the protein level through immunostaining. Melanocytes in spot areas are more dendritic than melanocytes in adjacent non-spot skin. The addition of IL-6 and ET-1 to cell culture models increased melanocyte dendricity and melanosome transfer. IL-6 release was significantly suppressed by niacinamide and its combination, while ET-1 release was significantly reduced by both niacinamide and TxA. In contrast, SDL acted directly upon melanocytes to reduce dendricity. CONCLUSION Interleukin-6 and ET-1 receptors are significantly upregulated in multiple facial spot types. The in vitro testing demonstrated their respective ligands increased melanocyte dendricity. Tested skin-lightening compounds showed reduction in release of IL-6/ET-1 from epidermal keratinocytes and/or inhibition of melanocyte dendricity. This work sheds light on pathophysiological mechanism of facial spots and potential new mechanisms of these skin-lightening compounds which warrant further human clinical validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hakozaki
- The Procter & Gamble Company, Mason Business Center, Mason, Ohio, USA
| | - J Wang
- The Procter & Gamble Company, Mason Business Center, Mason, Ohio, USA
| | - T Laughlin
- The Procter & Gamble Company, Mason Business Center, Mason, Ohio, USA
| | - B Jarrold
- The Procter & Gamble Company, Mason Business Center, Mason, Ohio, USA
| | - W Zhao
- The Procter & Gamble Company, Mason Business Center, Mason, Ohio, USA
| | - M Furue
- Department of Dermatology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Mudhar HS, Krishna Y, Cross S, Auw-Haedrich C, Barnhill R, Cherepanoff S, Eagle R, Farmer J, Folberg R, Grossniklaus H, Herwig-Carl MC, Hyrcza M, Lassalle S, Loeffler KU, Moulin A, Milman T, Verdijk RM, Heegaard S, Coupland SE. A Multicenter Study Validates the WHO 2022 Classification for Conjunctival Melanocytic Intraepithelial Lesions With Clinical and Prognostic Relevance. J Transl Med 2024; 104:100281. [PMID: 37924948 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2023.100281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Several nomenclature and grading systems have been proposed for conjunctival melanocytic intraepithelial lesions (C-MIL). The fourth "WHO Classification of Eye Tumors" (WHO-EYE04) proposed a C-MIL classification, capturing the progression of noninvasive neoplastic melanocytes from low- to high-grade lesions, onto melanoma in situ (MIS), and then to invasive melanoma. This proposal was revised to the WHO-EYE05 C-MIL system, which simplified the high-grade C-MIL, whereby MIS was subsumed into high-grade C-MIL. Our aim was to validate the WHO-EYE05 C-MIL system using digitized images of C-MIL, stained with hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemistry. However, C-MIL cases were retrieved from 3 supraregional ocular pathology centers. Adequate conjunctival biopsies were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Melan-A, SOX10, and PReferentially expressed Antigen in Melanoma. Digitized slides were uploaded on the SmartZoom platform and independently scored by 4 ocular pathologists to obtain a consensus score, before circulating to 14 expert eye pathologists for independent scoring. In total, 105 cases from 97 patients were evaluated. The initial consensus diagnoses using the WHO-EYE04 C-MIL system were as follows: 28 benign conjunctival melanoses, 13 low-grade C-MIL, 37 high-grade C-MIL, and 27 conjunctival MIS. Using this system resulted in 93% of the pathologists showing only fair-to-moderate agreement (kappa statistic) with the consensus score. The WHO-EYE05 C-MIL system (with high-grade C-MIL and MIS combined) improved consistency between pathologists, with the greatest level of agreement being seen with benign melanosis (74.5%) and high-grade C-MIL (85.4%). Lowest agreements remained between pathologists for low-grade C-MIL (38.7%). Regarding WHO-EYE05 C-MIL scoring and clinical outcomes, local recurrences of noninvasive lesions developed in 8% and 34% of the low- and high-grade cases. Invasive melanoma only occurred in 47% of the cases that were assessed as high-grade C-MIL. This extensive international collaborative study is the first to undertake a comprehensive review of the WHO-EYE05 C-MIL scoring system, which showed good interobserver agreement and reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardeep Singh Mudhar
- National Specialist Ophthalmic Pathology Service, Department of Histopathology, E-Floor, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - Yamini Krishna
- National Specialist Ophthalmic Pathology Service, Liverpool Clinical Laboratories, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK; Liverpool Ocular Oncology Research Group, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of System Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Simon Cross
- Academic Unit of Pathology, Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Raymond Barnhill
- Department of Translational Research, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences and Lettres Research University, and Faculty of Medicine University of Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Svetlana Cherepanoff
- Sydpath, Department of Anatomical Pathology, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ralph Eagle
- Department of Pathology, Wills Eye Hospital, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Ophthalmology, Wills Eye Hospital, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - James Farmer
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Ophthalmology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert Folberg
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Pathology, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, Michigan; Departments of Ophthalmology and Pathology, Corewell Health William Beaumont University Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan
| | - Hans Grossniklaus
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ocular Oncology and Pathology Section, Emory Eye Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Martina C Herwig-Carl
- Department of Ophthalmology, Division of Ophthalmic Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Hyrcza
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sandra Lassalle
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Hospital-Related Biobank (BB-0033-00025), Pasteur Hospital, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice and Institute of Research on Cancer and Aging, FHU OncoAge, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Karin U Loeffler
- Department of Ophthalmology, Division of Ophthalmic Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexandre Moulin
- Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tatyana Milman
- Department of Pathology, Wills Eye Hospital, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Ophthalmology, Wills Eye Hospital, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert M Verdijk
- Department of Pathology, Section of Ophthalmic Pathology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Steffen Heegaard
- Department of Pathology, Eye Pathology Section, and Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sarah E Coupland
- National Specialist Ophthalmic Pathology Service, Liverpool Clinical Laboratories, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK; Liverpool Ocular Oncology Research Group, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of System Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
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Giri PS, Patel SS, Dwivedi M. Altered regulatory T cell-mediated Natural Killer cells suppression may lead to generalized vitiligo. Hum Immunol 2024; 85:110737. [PMID: 38057201 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2023.110737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Generalized vitiligo (GV) is characterized by white patches due to autoimmune loss of melanocytes. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) maintain immune homeostasis, while NK cells eliminate pathogens and tumors. Increased NK cell frequency and reduced Treg frequency and suppressive capacity are observed in vitiligo patients. However, studies assessing Treg-mediated suppression of NK cell functions in GV are lacking. Therefore, our study aimed to assess in vitro Treg-mediated suppression of NK cells function over K562 and SK-Mel-28 cells in 31 GV patients and 30 controls using the BrdU-cell proliferation assay. We found decreased Treg-mediated suppression of NK cell function in GV patients (p = 0.0289). Moreover, increased NK cell-mediated K562 and SK-Mel-28 cells' suppression was observed in GV patients (p = 0.0207,p = 0.0419). Disease activity-based analysis, suggested reduced Treg-mediated suppression of NK cell function and increased NK cell function in active vitiligo patients (p = 0.03,p = 0.0436). Interestingly, age-based analysis suggested decreased Treg-mediated suppression of NK cell function in 1-20 and 21-40 years age groups compared to 41-60 years age group of GV patients (p = 0.005,p = 0.0380). Overall, our study, for the first time, suggests that decreased Treg-mediated suppression of NK cells may lead to increased destruction of melanocytes in GV, and this knowledge may help in developing effective therapeutics based on Tregs and NK cells for GV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant S Giri
- C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Uka Tarsadia University, Bardoli, Surat 394 350, Gujarat, India
| | - Soaeb S Patel
- C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Uka Tarsadia University, Bardoli, Surat 394 350, Gujarat, India
| | - Mitesh Dwivedi
- C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Uka Tarsadia University, Bardoli, Surat 394 350, Gujarat, India.
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Ali Shah A, Shaker ASA, Jabbar S, Abbas Q, Al-Balawi TS, Celebi ME. An ensemble-based deep learning model for detection of mutation causing cutaneous melanoma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22251. [PMID: 38097641 PMCID: PMC10721601 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49075-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
When the mutation affects the melanocytes of the body, a condition called melanoma results which is one of the deadliest skin cancers. Early detection of cutaneous melanoma is vital for raising the chances of survival. Melanoma can be due to inherited defective genes or due to environmental factors such as excessive sun exposure. The accuracy of the state-of-the-art computer-aided diagnosis systems is unsatisfactory. Moreover, the major drawback of medical imaging is the shortage of labeled data. Generalized classifiers are required to diagnose melanoma to avoid overfitting the dataset. To address these issues, blending ensemble-based deep learning (BEDLM-CMS) model is proposed to detect mutation of cutaneous melanoma by integrating long short-term memory (LSTM), Bi-directional LSTM (BLSTM) and gated recurrent unit (GRU) architectures. The dataset used in the proposed study contains 2608 human samples and 6778 mutations in total along with 75 types of genes. The most prominent genes that function as biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis are utilized. Multiple extraction techniques are used in this study to extract the most-prominent features. Afterwards, we applied different DL models optimized through grid search technique to diagnose melanoma. The validity of the results is confirmed using several techniques, including tenfold cross validation (10-FCVT), independent set (IST), and self-consistency (SCT). For validation of the results multiple metrics are used which include accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, and Matthews's correlation coefficient. BEDLM gives the highest accuracy of 97% in the independent set test whereas in self-consistency test and tenfold cross validation test it gives 94% and 93% accuracy, respectively. Accuracy of in self-consistency test, independent set test, and tenfold cross validation test is LSTM (96%, 94%, 92%), GRU (93%, 94%, 91%), and BLSTM (99%, 98%, 93%), respectively. The findings demonstrate that the proposed BEDLM-CMS can be used effectively applied for early diagnosis and treatment efficacy evaluation of cutaneous melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asghar Ali Shah
- Department of Computer Science, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Sohail Jabbar
- College of Computer and Information Sciences, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), 11432, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qaisar Abbas
- College of Computer and Information Sciences, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), 11432, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Talal Saad Al-Balawi
- College of Computer and Information Sciences, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), 11432, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Emre Celebi
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Central Arkansas, 201 Donaghey Ave., Conway, AR, 72035, USA
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Hoang M, Qureshi A, Oancea E, Cho E. Furocoumarins potentiate UVA-induced DNA damage in skin melanocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 684:149066. [PMID: 37866241 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.09.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have found that high citrus fruit consumption was associated with higher risk of skin cancer. Citrus fruits and some vegetables contain furocoumarins, which may interact with ultraviolet radiation to induce skin cancer. We aimed to determine the effects of two furocoumarins, including 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) and 6',7'-dihydroxybergamottin (DHB), on UVA-induced DNA damage in human epidermal melanocytes, the origin of melanoma. Our hypothesis was that these dietary furocoumarins increase UVA-induced DNA damage in melanocytes, compared to cells exposed to UV alone. We incubated melanocytes with 8-MOP or DHB, followed by exposure to physiological doses of UVA radiation. We used Western blots to quantify the UVA-induced DNA damage measured by the fraction of phosphorylated histone variant H2AX (γH2AX), which is a marker of DNA damage, relative to total H2AX (γH2AX/H2AX) in the presence or absence of furocoumarins. To quantify the UVA-induced change in γH2AX/H2AX, we calculated the UVA:Control ratio as the ratio of γH2AX/H2AX in UVA-exposed cells to that in cells without UVA (control). The mean UVA:Control ratios were borderline significantly higher for cells treated with 8-MOP and significantly higher for cells treated with DHB, compared to that of untreated cells. This study suggests that furocoumarins (particularly 8-MOP and DHB) enhance UVA-induced DNA damage in melanocytes, which is a potential novel mechanism for citrus and furocoumarins to elevate the risk of skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Hoang
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Abrar Qureshi
- Department of Dermatology, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Elena Oancea
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Eunyoung Cho
- Department of Dermatology, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine Research, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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Inoue D, Narita T, Ono T, Ishikawa K, Maeno K, Aoki H, Motoyama A, Shibata T. A mechanism of melanogenesis mediated by E-cadherin downregulation and its involvement in solar lentigines. Int J Cosmet Sci 2023; 45:775-790. [PMID: 37522429 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intensive studies have revealed that pleiotropic melanocytic factors are associated with age-spot formation. Dysfunctional keratinocyte differentiation is thought to be an upstream cause of age-spot formation. Although it has been shown that keratinocyte differentiation is mediated by the cell-cell contact factor E-cadherin, its involvement in age-spot formation remains unknown. Thus, to determine the origin of age-spots and an integrated solution for the same, we focused on E-cadherin expression in the present study. METHODS First, we assessed the solar lentigines in cutaneous and cultured cells by means of immunofluorescence staining. Following that, keratinocytes treated with siRNAs against E-cadherin were co-cultured with melanocytes, and the secreted factors were identified by means of proteomic analysis of the culture supernatants. We also performed quantitative PCR to assess melanogenesis activity and screen ingredients. For behavioural analysis of melanocytes, we performed time-lapse imaging using confocal laser scanning microscopy. RESULTS E-cadherin expression was downregulated in the epidermis of the solar lentigines, suggesting its involvement in age-spot formation. E-cadherin knocked down keratinocytes not only promoted the secretion of melanocytic/inflammatory factors but also increased melanogenesis by upregulating the expression of melanogenesis factors. Furthermore, live-imaging showed that the downregulation of E-cadherin inhibited melanocyte dynamics and accelerated melanin uptake. Finally, we identified Rosa multiflora fruit extract as a solution that can upregulate E-cadherin expression in keratinocytes. CONCLUSION Our findings showed that E-cadherin downregulation triggers various downstream melanocytic processes, such as the secretion of melanocytic factors and melanogenesis. Additionally, we showed that the Rosa multiflora fruit extract upregulated E-cadherin expression in keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daigo Inoue
- Shiseido Co. Ltd., MIRAI Technology Institute, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomomi Narita
- Shiseido Co. Ltd., MIRAI Technology Institute, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ono
- Shiseido Co. Ltd., MIRAI Technology Institute, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Keiko Ishikawa
- Shiseido Co. Ltd., MIRAI Technology Institute, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Maeno
- Shiseido Co. Ltd., MIRAI Technology Institute, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Aoki
- Shiseido Co. Ltd., MIRAI Technology Institute, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akira Motoyama
- Shiseido Co. Ltd., MIRAI Technology Institute, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takako Shibata
- Shiseido Co. Ltd., MIRAI Technology Institute, Yokohama, Japan
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Yousif J, Ceresnie MS, Hamzavi IH, Mohammad TF. Practical guidelines for the treatment of vitiligo with the melanocyte-keratinocyte transplantation procedure. Arch Dermatol Res 2023; 316:10. [PMID: 38038734 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-023-02761-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Vitiligo manifests as depigmented macules and patches on the skin and can significantly impact a patient's quality of life. Despite the availability of several treatment modalities, rates of repigmentation can vary widely among individuals and disease subtypes. For patients with stable vitiligo who have not achieved satisfactory results with medical treatments, the melanocyte-keratinocyte transplantation procedure (MKTP) is a viable option. While variations of this autologous non-cultured cellular grafting procedure are performed by dermatologic surgeons worldwide and has shown good tolerability and effectiveness, it remains under utilized in the United States. We present a comprehensive overview of MKTP, highlighting evidence-based and practical techniques to enhance patient outcomes. By serving as a valuable resource, this review aims to support dermatologic surgeons seeking to incorporate MKTP into their practice and promote awareness regarding its benefits, ultimately fostering a more comprehensive approach to vitiligo care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Yousif
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E. Canfield Ave, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Marissa S Ceresnie
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, 3031 W. Grand Blvd, Suite 700, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Iltefat H Hamzavi
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, 3031 W. Grand Blvd, Suite 700, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Tasneem F Mohammad
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, 3031 W. Grand Blvd, Suite 700, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
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Yokoi K, Watanabe R, Kume M, Tanaka T, Tanemura A. Novel real-time visualization of functional vitiligo skin lymphocytes attracting melanocytes in autologous cultured epidermis. J Dermatol 2023; 50:1653-1655. [PMID: 37833835 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.17011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Yokoi
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Rei Watanabe
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Miki Kume
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | | | - Atsushi Tanemura
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
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Liu J, Liu S, Guo M, Yong M, Hu Z. Clinical validation and study of stem cell transplantation in treatment of vitiligo. Arch Dermatol Res 2023; 315:2983-2984. [PMID: 37676313 PMCID: PMC10615963 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-023-02692-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Liu
- Nanhai Renshu International Skin Hospital (Hainan) Co., Ltd., Haidian Sandong Road, Haikou, 570208, China.
| | - Shiyu Liu
- Nanhai Renshu International Skin Hospital (Hainan) Co., Ltd., Haidian Sandong Road, Haikou, 570208, China
| | - Min Guo
- Nanhai Renshu International Skin Hospital (Hainan) Co., Ltd., Haidian Sandong Road, Haikou, 570208, China
| | - Miao Yong
- Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangdong, 050100, China
| | - Zhiqi Hu
- Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangdong, 050100, China
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Trigui E, Ben Hassen H, Zaghden H, Trigui M, Achour S. A Bioinformatic Study on the Potential Anti-Vitiligo Activity of a Carpobrotus edulis Compound. Molecules 2023; 28:7545. [PMID: 38005266 PMCID: PMC10673461 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The plant Carpobrotus edulis has traditionally been known for its wide applications in diseases, especially vitiligo, which is characterized by patches and white macules caused by the loss of melanocytes. One of the chemical treatments for vitiligo consists mainly of skin repigmentation and usually leads to a non-durable effect by inhibiting the Janus kinase (JAK) signal transduction (STAT pathway). JAK inhibitors generally block multiple JAK tyrosine kinases, which leads to secondary effects. In this study, natural molecules from Carpobrotus edulis were extracted and tested using a structure-based drug-design approach and pharmacophore modeling. The best-fit candidate from the extracted molecules was compared to the chemical molecules used. The results indicated a similarity between the chemical and natural ligands which suggested the potential use of the natural product against vitiligo. The main finding of this research work was the discovery of a new molecule extracted from a natural plant and the detection of its anti-vitiligo activity using an in-silico approach. This method can significantly reduce the cost of searching for potential medicinal molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emna Trigui
- Laboratory of Bioressources, Integrative Biology & Valorisation (BIOLIVAL), Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, Monastir University, Monastir 5000, Tunisia; (E.T.); (M.T.); (S.A.)
| | - Hanen Ben Hassen
- Laboratory of Probabilities and Statistics, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, Sfax University, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
| | - Hatem Zaghden
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cédria, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia
| | - Maher Trigui
- Laboratory of Bioressources, Integrative Biology & Valorisation (BIOLIVAL), Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, Monastir University, Monastir 5000, Tunisia; (E.T.); (M.T.); (S.A.)
| | - Sami Achour
- Laboratory of Bioressources, Integrative Biology & Valorisation (BIOLIVAL), Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, Monastir University, Monastir 5000, Tunisia; (E.T.); (M.T.); (S.A.)
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Chang CL, Cai Z, Hsu SYT. A gel-forming α-MSH analog promotes lasting melanogenesis. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 958:176008. [PMID: 37673364 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
The α-MSH peptide plays a significant role in the regulation of pigmentation via the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R). It increases the DNA repair capacity of melanocytes and reduces the incidence of skin cancers. As such, α-MSH analogs could have the utility for protecting against UV-induced skin DNA damage in susceptible patients. Recently, α-MSH analogs have been approved for the treatment of erythropoietic protoporphyria, hypoactive sexual desire, or pediatric obesity. However, the delivery of these drugs requires inconvenient implants or frequent injections. We recently found that select palmitoylated melanocortin analogs such as afamelanotide and adrenocorticotropin peptides self-assemble to form liquid gels in situ. To explore the utility of these novel analogs, we studied their pharmacological characteristics in vitro and in vivo. Acylated afamelanotide (DDE 313) and ACTH1-24 (DDE314) analogs form liquid gels at 6-20% and have a significantly increased viscosity at >2.5% compared to original analogs. Using the DDE313 analog as a prototype, we showed gel-formation reduces the passage of DDE313 through Centricon filters, and subcutaneous injection of analog gel in rats leads to the sustained presence of the peptide in circulation for >12 days. In addition, DDE313 darkened the skin of frogs for >4 weeks, whereas those injected with an equivalent dose of afamelanotide lost the tanning response within a few days. Because self-assembled gels allow sustained activation of melanocortin receptors, further studies of these analogs may allow the development of effective and convenient tanning therapies to prophylactically protect against UV-induced malignant transformation of skin cells in susceptible patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia Lin Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Zheqing Cai
- CL Laboratory LLC, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, United States
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Wyles SP, Carruthers JD, Dashti P, Yu G, Yap JQ, Gingery A, Tchkonia T, Kirkland JL. Cellular Senescence in Human Skin Aging: Leveraging Senotherapeutics. Gerontology 2023; 70:7-14. [PMID: 37879300 PMCID: PMC10873061 DOI: 10.1159/000534756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the largest organ in the human body, the skin is continuously exposed to intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli that impact its functionality and morphology with aging. Skin aging entails dysregulation of skin cells and loss, fragmentation, or fragility of extracellular matrix fibers that are manifested macroscopically by wrinkling, laxity, and pigmentary abnormalities. Age-related skin changes are the focus of many surgical and nonsurgical treatments aimed at improving overall skin appearance and health. SUMMARY As a hallmark of aging, cellular senescence, an essentially irreversible cell cycle arrest with apoptosis resistance and a secretory phenotype, manifests across skin layers by affecting epidermal and dermal cells. Knowledge of skin-specific senescent cells, such as melanocytes (epidermal aging) and fibroblasts (dermal aging), will promote our understanding of age-related skin changes and how to optimize patient outcomes in esthetic procedures. KEY MESSAGES This review provides an overview of skin aging in the context of cellular senescence and discusses senolytic intervention strategies to selectively target skin senescent cells that contribute to premature skin aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranya P. Wyles
- Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Jean D. Carruthers
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Parisa Dashti
- Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Grace Yu
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, and Mayo Clinic Medical Scientist Training Program, Rochester, MN
| | - Jane Q. Yap
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Anne Gingery
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN United States
| | - Tamar Tchkonia
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - James L. Kirkland
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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Motter Catarino C, Cigaran Schuck D, Dechiario L, Karande P. Incorporation of hair follicles in 3D bioprinted models of human skin. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadg0297. [PMID: 37831765 PMCID: PMC10575578 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg0297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Current approaches fail to adequately introduce complex adnexal structures such as hair follicles within tissue engineered models of skin. Here, we report on the use of 3D bioprinting to incorporate these structures in engineered skin tissues. Spheroids, induced by printing dermal papilla cells (DPCs) and human umbilical vein cells (HUVECs), were precisely printed within a pregelled dermal layer containing fibroblasts. The resulting tissue developed hair follicle-like structures upon maturation, supported by migration of keratinocytes and melanocytes, and their morphology and composition grossly mimicked that of the native skin tissue. Reconstructed skin models with increased complexity that better mimic native adnexal structures can have a substantial impact on regenerative medicine as grafts and efficacy models to test the safety of chemical compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Motter Catarino
- Howard P. Isermann Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
- Grupo Boticário, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Lexi Dechiario
- Howard P. Isermann Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Pankaj Karande
- Howard P. Isermann Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
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Abstract
The SOX gene encodes for transcription factors that are involved in embryogenesis and cell differentiation. Specifically, SOX10 aids with neural crest shuttling and development. In diagnostic histopathology, Sox10 immunostain is a helpful ancillary test due to its high sensitivity for melanocytic and peripheral nerve sheath neoplasms, and its role in distinguishing triple-negative breast carcinomas from gynaecological carcinoma, cutaneous adnexal neoplasms and salivary glands neoplasms from histological mimics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert L Sy
- Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mai P Hoang
- Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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46
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Kusaka-Kikushima A, Tobiishi M, Yasumori H, Takahashi A, Kawabata K, Takahashi Y. Presence of melanin and melanocytes in the human lower lip vermilion. J Dermatol Sci 2023; 112:43-45. [PMID: 37658000 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Megumi Tobiishi
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, Odawara, Japan
| | | | | | - Keigo Kawabata
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, Odawara, Japan.
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Zhang X, Shi X, Zhang D, Gong X, Wen Z, Demandel I, Zhang J, Rossello-Martinez A, Chan TJ, Mak M. Compression drives diverse transcriptomic and phenotypic adaptations in melanoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2220062120. [PMID: 37722033 PMCID: PMC10523457 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2220062120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical forces are prominent during tumor progression. However, it is still unclear how they impact and drive the diverse phenotypes found in cancer. Here, we apply an integrative approach to investigate the impact of compression on melanoma cells. We apply bioinformatics to screen for the most significant compression-induced transcriptomic changes and investigate phenotypic responses. We show that compression-induced transcriptomic changes are associated with both improvement and worsening of patient prognoses. Phenotypically, volumetric compression inhibits cell proliferation and cell migration. It also induces organelle stress and intracellular oxidative stress and increases pigmentation in malignant melanoma cells and normal human melanocytes. Finally, cells that have undergone compression become more resistant to cisplatin treatment. Our findings indicate that volumetric compression is a double-edged sword for melanoma progression and drives tumor evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjian Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT06511
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT06511
| | - Xin Shi
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin300350, China
| | - Dingyao Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT06511
| | - Xiangyu Gong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT06511
| | - Zhang Wen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT06511
| | - Israel Demandel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT06511
| | - Junqi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT06511
| | | | - Trevor J. Chan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Michael Mak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT06511
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT06511
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Kobori C, Takagi R, Yokomizo R, Yoshihara S, Mori M, Takahashi H, Javaregowda PK, Akiyama T, Ko MSH, Kishi K, Umezawa A. Functional and long-lived melanocytes from human pluripotent stem cells with transient ectopic expression of JMJD3. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:242. [PMID: 37679843 PMCID: PMC10486068 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03479-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanocytes are an essential part of the epidermis, and their regeneration has received much attention because propagation of human adult melanocytes in vitro is too slow for clinical use. Differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells to melanocytes has been reported, but the protocols to produce them require multiple and complex differentiation steps. METHOD We differentiated human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) that transiently express JMJD3 to pigmented cells. We investigated whether the pigmented cells have melanocytic characteristics and functions by qRT-PCR, immunocytochemical analysis and flow cytometry. We also investigated their biocompatibility by injecting the cells into immunodeficient mice for clinical use. RESULT We successfully differentiated and established a pure culture of melanocytes. The melanocytes maintained their growth rate for a long time, approximately 200 days, and were functional. They exhibited melanogenesis and transfer of melanin to peripheral keratinocytes. Moreover, melanocytes simulated the developmental processes from melanoblasts to melanocytes. The melanocytes had high engraftability and biocompatibility in the immunodeficient mice. CONCLUSION The robust generation of functional and long-lived melanocytes are key to developing clinical applications for the treatment of pigmentary skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Kobori
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development Research Institute, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Ryo Takagi
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development Research Institute, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Ryo Yokomizo
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development Research Institute, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Sakie Yoshihara
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development Research Institute, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Mai Mori
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development Research Institute, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Hiroto Takahashi
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development Research Institute, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Palaksha Kanive Javaregowda
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development Research Institute, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
- SDM Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, A Constituent Unit of Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara University, Dharwad, Karnataka, 580009, India
| | - Tomohiko Akiyama
- Department of Systems Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Minoru S H Ko
- Department of Systems Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kishi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Akihiro Umezawa
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development Research Institute, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan.
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Guan H, Chen X, Liu J, Sun J, Guo H, Jiang Y, Zhang H, Zhang B, Lin J, Yuan Q. Molecular characteristics and therapeutic implications of Toll-like receptor signaling pathway in melanoma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13788. [PMID: 37666853 PMCID: PMC10477197 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38850-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a malignant tumor of melanocytes and is often considered immunogenic cancer. Toll-like receptor-related genes are expressed differently in most types of cancer, depending on the immune microenvironment inside cancer, and the key function of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) for melanoma has not been fully elucidated. Based on multi-omics data from TCGA and GEO databases, we first performed pan-cancer analysis on TLR, including CNV, SNV, and mRNA changes in TLR-related genes in multiple human cancers, as well as patient prognosis characterization. Then, we divided melanoma patients into three subgroups (clusters 1, 2, and 3) according to the expression of the TLR pathway, and explored the correlation between TLR pathway and melanoma prognosis, immune infiltration, metabolic reprogramming, and oncogene expression characteristics. Finally, through univariate Cox regression analysis and LASSO algorithm, we selected six TLR-related genes to construct a survival prognostic model, divided melanoma patients into the training set, internal validation set 1, internal validation set 2, and external validation set for multiple validations, and discussed the correlation between model genes and clinical features of melanoma patients. In conclusion, we constructed a prognostic survival model based on TLR-related genes that precisely and independently demonstrated the potential to assess the prognosis and immune traits of melanoma patients, which is critical for patients' survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hewen Guan
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jifeng Liu
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiaao Sun
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Hui Guo
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuankuan Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Biao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
| | - Jingrong Lin
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
| | - Qihang Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
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Sadick N, Pannu S, Abidi Z, Arruda S. Topical Treatments for Photoaged Skin. J Drugs Dermatol 2023; 22:867-873. [PMID: 37683070 DOI: 10.36849/jdd.7753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photoaging due to cumulative lifetime ultraviolet light exposure is the greatest contributing factor to facial aging. With the continued growth of the population of individuals aged ≥65 years and over, demand for safe and effective photoaging treatments will likely increase. METHODS This qualitative review provides an overview of efficacy and safety of over-the-counter (OTC) and prescription topical treatments for photoaging, including recent data from an investigator-initiated trial of the topical retinoid tazarotene. RESULTS OTC and cosmeceutical products comprise the majority of treatment options for photoaging, although clinical data in support of their efficacy are generally lacking. Topical retinoids have been shown to increase collagen and elastic fibers and normalize melanocytes and keratinocytes, yielding improvements in wrinkling, texture, elasticity, and skin tone. Prescription topical retinoids (adapalene, tazarotene, tretinoin) are the most studied and efficacious treatments for photoaging, though their use is typically associated with adverse effects such as erythema, peeling, dryness, and burning/stinging in a concentration-dependent manner. In a 12-week, open-label study, lower-dose tazarotene 0.045% lotion led to significantly reduced signs and severity of photoaging vs baseline. CONCLUSION Prescription topical retinoids are the most potent treatment option for photoaging, though their use may be limited by irritation concerns. Tazarotene 0.045% polymeric emulsion lotion has recently demonstrated significant photoaging improvements with 12 weeks of once-daily treatment, with a favorable safety and tolerability profile. CITATION Sadick N, Pannu S, Abidi Z, et al. Topical treatments for photoaged skin. J Drugs Dermatol. 2023;22(9):867-873. doi:10.36849/JDD.7753.
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