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Hansell CAH, Love S, Pingen M, Wilson GJ, MacLeod M, Graham GJ. Analysis of lung stromal expression of the atypical chemokine receptor ACKR2 reveals unanticipated expression in murine blood endothelial cells. Eur J Immunol 2020; 50:666-675. [PMID: 32114694 PMCID: PMC8638673 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201948374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of chemokine receptor, and atypical chemokine receptor, expression is frequently hampered by the lack of availability of high‐quality antibodies and the species specificity of those that are available. We have previously described methodology utilizing Alexa‐Fluor‐labeled chemokine ligands as versatile reagents to detect receptor expression. Previously this has been limited to hematopoietic cells and methodology for assessing expression of receptors on stromal cells has been lacking. Among chemokine receptors, the ones most frequently expressed on stromal cells belong to the atypical chemokine receptor subfamily. These receptors do not signal in the classic sense in response to ligand but scavenge their ligands and degrade them and thus sculpt in vivo chemokine gradients. Here, we demonstrate the ability to use either intratracheal or intravenous, Alexa‐Fluor‐labeled chemokine administration to detect stromal cell populations expressing the atypical chemokine receptor ACKR2. Using this methodology, we demonstrate, for the first time, expression of ACKR2 on blood endothelial cells. This observation sets the lung aside from other tissues in which ACKR2 is exclusively expressed on lymphatic endothelial cells and suggest unique roles for ACKR2 in the pulmonary environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A H Hansell
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Samantha Love
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Marieke Pingen
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Gillian J Wilson
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Megan MacLeod
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Gerard J Graham
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
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Lee KM, Wilson GJ, Pingen M, Fukuoka A, Hansell CAH, Bartolini R, Medina-Ruiz L, Graham GJ. Placental chemokine compartmentalisation: A novel mammalian molecular control mechanism. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000287. [PMID: 31141500 PMCID: PMC6557524 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Atypical chemokine receptor 2 (ACKR2) is a chemokine-scavenging receptor. ACKR2–/–embryos display a reduction in size of a novel, to our knowledge, embryonic skin macrophage population referred to as ‘intermediate’ cells. CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2)–/–embryos display an identical phenotype, indicating that these cells require CCR2 to enable them to populate embryonic skin. Further analysis revealed that ACKR2–/–embryos have higher circulating concentrations of the CCR2 ligand, CC ligand 2 (CCL2); thus, ACKR2 regulates intraembryonic CCL2 levels. We show that ACKR2 is strongly expressed by trophoblasts and that it blocks movement of inflammatory chemokines, such as CCL2, from the maternal decidua into the embryonic circulation. We propose that trophoblastic ACKR2 is responsible for ensuring chemokine compartmentalisation on the maternal decidua, without which chemokines enter the embryonic circulation, disrupting gradients essential for directed intraembryonic cell migration. Overall, therefore, we describe a novel, to our knowledge, molecular mechanism whereby maternal decidual chemokines can function in a compartmentalised fashion without interfering with intraembryonic leukocyte migration. These data suggest similar functions for other atypical chemokine receptors in the placenta and indicate that defects in such receptors may have unanticipated developmental consequences. A novel mechanism for molecular compartmentalisation in the placenta involves an atypical chemokine receptor that scavenges chemokines, blocking their drainage from the maternal face of the placenta into the embryo and thus protecting intraembryonic cellular migration processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kit Ming Lee
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Gillian J. Wilson
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Marieke Pingen
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Ayumi Fukuoka
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher A. H. Hansell
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Robin Bartolini
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Medina-Ruiz
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Gerard J. Graham
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Dyer DP, Medina-Ruiz L, Bartolini R, Schuette F, Hughes CE, Pallas K, Vidler F, Macleod MKL, Kelly CJ, Lee KM, Hansell CAH, Graham GJ. Chemokine Receptor Redundancy and Specificity Are Context Dependent. Immunity 2019; 50:378-389.e5. [PMID: 30784579 PMCID: PMC6382461 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Currently, we lack an understanding of the individual and combinatorial roles for chemokine receptors in the inflammatory process. We report studies on mice with a compound deletion of Ccr1, Ccr2, Ccr3, and Ccr5, which together control monocytic and eosinophilic recruitment to resting and inflamed sites. Analysis of resting tissues from these mice, and mice deficient in each individual receptor, provides clear evidence for redundant use of these receptors in establishing tissue-resident monocytic cell populations. In contrast, analysis of cellular recruitment to inflamed sites provides evidence of specificity of receptor use for distinct leukocyte subtypes and no indication of comprehensive redundancy. We find no evidence of involvement of any of these receptors in the recruitment of neutrophils or lymphocytes to resting or acutely inflamed tissues. Our data shed important light on combinatorial inflammatory chemokine receptor function and highlight Ccr2 as the primary driver of myelomonocytic cell recruitment in acutely inflamed contexts.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Chemokines/immunology
- Chemokines/metabolism
- Eosinophils/immunology
- Eosinophils/metabolism
- Gene Expression Profiling/methods
- Inflammation/genetics
- Inflammation/immunology
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Lymphocytes/immunology
- Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Monocytes/immunology
- Monocytes/metabolism
- Neutrophils/immunology
- Neutrophils/metabolism
- Receptors, CCR/genetics
- Receptors, CCR/immunology
- Receptors, CCR/metabolism
- Receptors, CCR1/immunology
- Receptors, CCR1/metabolism
- Receptors, CCR2/immunology
- Receptors, CCR2/metabolism
- Receptors, CCR3/immunology
- Receptors, CCR3/metabolism
- Receptors, CCR5/immunology
- Receptors, CCR5/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas P Dyer
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TT, UK
| | - Laura Medina-Ruiz
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TT, UK
| | - Robin Bartolini
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TT, UK
| | - Fabian Schuette
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TT, UK
| | - Catherine E Hughes
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TT, UK
| | - Kenneth Pallas
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TT, UK
| | - Francesca Vidler
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TT, UK
| | - Megan K L Macleod
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TT, UK
| | - Christopher J Kelly
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TT, UK
| | - Kit Ming Lee
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TT, UK
| | - Christopher A H Hansell
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TT, UK
| | - Gerard J Graham
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TT, UK.
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Hansell CAH, Fraser AR, Hayes AJ, Pingen M, Burt CL, Lee KM, Medina-Ruiz L, Brownlie D, Macleod MKL, Burgoyne P, Wilson GJ, Nibbs RJB, Graham GJ. The Atypical Chemokine Receptor Ackr2 Constrains NK Cell Migratory Activity and Promotes Metastasis. J Immunol 2018; 201:2510-2519. [PMID: 30158126 PMCID: PMC6176105 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines have been shown to be essential players in a range of cancer contexts. In this study, we demonstrate that mice deficient in the atypical chemokine receptor Ackr2 display impaired development of metastasis in vivo in both cell line and spontaneous models. Further analysis reveals that this relates to increased expression of the chemokine receptor CCR2, specifically by KLRG1+ NK cells from the Ackr2−/− mice. This leads to increased recruitment of KLRG1+ NK cells to CCL2-expressing tumors and enhanced tumor killing. Together, these data indicate that Ackr2 limits the expression of CCR2 on NK cells and restricts their tumoricidal activity. Our data have important implications for our understanding of the roles for chemokines in the metastatic process and highlight Ackr2 and CCR2 as potentially manipulable therapeutic targets in metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A H Hansell
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Alasdair R Fraser
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Alan J Hayes
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Marieke Pingen
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Claire L Burt
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Kit Ming Lee
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Medina-Ruiz
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Demi Brownlie
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Megan K L Macleod
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Burgoyne
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Gillian J Wilson
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J B Nibbs
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Gerard J Graham
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Leucocyte migration is essential for robust immune and inflammatory responses, and plays a critical role in many human diseases. Chemokines, a family of small secreted protein chemoattractants, are of fundamental importance in this process, directing leucocyte trafficking by signalling through heptahelical G-protein-coupled receptors expressed by the migrating cells. However, several mammalian chemokine receptors, including D6 and CCX-CKR (ChemoCentryx chemokine receptor), do not fit existing models of chemokine receptor function, and do not even appear to signal in response to chemokine binding. Instead, these 'atypical' chemokine receptors are biochemically specialized for chemokine sequestration, acting to regulate chemokine bioavailability and thereby influence responses through signalling-competent chemokine receptors. This is of critical importance in vivo, as mice lacking D6 show exaggerated cutaneous inflammatory responses and an increased susceptibility to the development of skin cancer. CCX-CKR, on the other hand, is predicted to modulate homoeostatic lymphocyte and dendritic cell trafficking, key migratory events in acquired immune responses that are directed by CCX-CKR-binding chemokines. Thus studies on 'atypical' chemokine receptors are revealing functional and biochemical diversity within the chemokine receptor family and providing insights into novel mechanisms of chemokine regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A H Hansell
- Division of Immunology, Infection and Inflammation, 120 University Place, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
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