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Effect of Direct Alkyne Substitution on the Photophysical Properties of Two Novel Octasubstituted Zinc Phthalocyanines. ChemistryOpen 2024:e202300295. [PMID: 38279590 DOI: 10.1002/open.202300295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of two novel phthalonitrile derivatives (3-4) bearing ethynylcyclohex-1-ene and ethynylcyclohexane groups and two peripherally octa substituted zinc (II) phthalocyanines (5-6) were prepared. The synthesis of phthalonitrile derivatives was performed with Sonagashira coupling reaction by using palladium-catalyzed. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized by using FT-IR, NMR, mass, and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy techniques. Aggregation studies of 5 and 6 were performed in various organic solvents and different concentrations in tetrahydrofuran (THF). The photophysical studies of the Pcs were performed in THF to determine the effect of the alkyne groups on the fluorescence of the Pc ring. Substances showing fluorescence properties can be used in practical applications such as to create an image in microscopy. Fluorescence quantum yield (ΦF ) and fluorescence lifetime (τF ) of 5-6 were calculated. The fluorescence quenching studies of 5-6 were performed by adding the different concentrations of 1,4-benzoquinone (BQ) to a constant concentration of the Pcs in THF and it was found that benzoquinone was an effective quencher. The values of the Stern-Volmer constant (Ksv ) and quenching constant (kq ) of zinc phthalocyanines (5-6) were examined. All obtained results were compared with each other and with unsubstituted zinc Pc compound used as a reference.
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Synthesis and photovoltaic properties of novel ferrocene-substituted metallophthalocyanines. Dalton Trans 2021; 51:570-579. [PMID: 34904142 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03104j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a series of new metallophthalocyanines, including ferrocene groups, were designed, synthesized and, characterized, and their photovoltaic properties were investigated as alternative electron-donor materials in bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells. These products were synthesized by a Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction between tetraiodophthalocyanine and ethynyl ferrocene. The newly synthesized phthalocyanines (4-6) were characterized by FT-IR, UV-Vis, 1H NMR, and MALDI-TOF spectroscopic methods and elemental analysis. The electrochemical characterizations were carried out by cyclic voltammetry as well as differential pulse voltammetry. Density functional theory calculations were realized to prove the charge separation between ferrocene as an electron-donor and the phthalocyanine ring as an acceptor. According to UV-Vis measurements, a 25 nm red-shift was observed for complex 4 compared with complexes 5 and 6. Finally, the photovoltaic performance of these compounds used as an electron-donor moiety in a BHJ device were investigated. A function of different blend ratios was tested by fabricating a series of BHJ devices with the architecture of FTO/PEDOT:PSS/4-6: PCBM blend/Ag with an identical thickness of the active layer. The results indicated that the photovoltaic conversion efficiency of BHJ devices exhibited a strong blend-ratio dependence. The maximum power conversion efficiency was obtained by 5-based devices, as 3.65%, with a blend ratio of 1.5 : 1.0 under standard AM 1.5 illumination.
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Morphology-controlled self-assembled micro-structures of nickel porphyrin with enhanced ethanol sensing properties. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2019.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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4
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Diaqua-β-octaferrocenyltetraphenylporphyrin: a multiredox-active and air-stable 16π non-aromatic species. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:1578-1585. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt04135k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein the synthesis and properties of the first β-octaferrocenyltetraphenylporphyrin, {TPPFc8(H2O)2}, in its extraordinary stable and non-aromatic 16π form are reported, showing seven separate reversible redox events.
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Ferrocenyl Phthalocyanine as Donor in Non-Poly(3-hexylthiophen-2,5-diyl) Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cell. Chemistry 2018; 24:6946-6949. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Oxidatively stable ferrocenyl-π-bridge-titanocene D–π-A complexes: an electrochemical and spectroscopic investigation of the mixed-valent states. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:10953-10964. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt01853g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Coordination of CuI into RCp2Ti(C2Fc)2 compounds results in well-separated FeIII/II couples and mixed-valent states with distinct spectroscopic signatures.
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Esterified porphyrazine complexes: Synthesis, characterization, aggregation behavior, and theoretical study. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2017.1313130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Metallo-porphyrazines with eight [5-thiopentyl 3,4,5-tris(benzyloxy)benzoate] groups: Synthesis, characterization, aggregation, and solubility behavior. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.09.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Donor acceptor type ferrocene substituted aza-BODIPYs: Synthesis, optical and electrochemical studies. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2016. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424616500693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Two ferrocene substituted aza-BODIPYs and their corresponding aza-dipyrrins were synthesized and studied. All the compounds were characterized by HRMS, NMR, IR, absorption spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry techniques. Absorption spectra indicated intramolecular electron transfer from the ferrocene to the aza-BODIPY core. The X-ray crystal structure of 1,7-bisferrocenyl-aza-BODIPY suggested moderate interactions between the ferrocene moieties and aza-BODIPYs core. Ferrocenyl-aza-BODIPYs were non-emissive due to electron transfer from ferrocene moieties to boron aza-dipyrrin core. However the emission of these compounds was dramatically enhanced by oxidizing the ferrocene moieties to ferrocenium ions, which prevents electron transfer between these moieties. Cyclic voltammetry studies suggested that aza-BODIPYs were easier to be reduced as compared to their corresponding aza-dipyrrins.
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Topological Control of Columnar Stacking Made of Liquid-Crystalline Thiophene-Fused Metallonaphthalocyanines. Chemistry 2016; 5:150-6. [PMID: 27308226 PMCID: PMC4906472 DOI: 10.1002/open.201500205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The spontaneous organization of two-dimensional polyaromatic molecules into well-defined nanostructures through noncovalent interactions is important in the development of organic-based electronic and optoelectronic devices. Two regioisomers of thiophene-fused zinc naphthalocyanines ZnTNcendo and ZnTNcexo have been designed and synthesized to obtain photo- and electroactive liquid crystalline materials. Both compounds exhibited liquid crystalline behavior over a wide temperature range through intermolecular π-π interactions and local phase segregation between the aromatic cores and peripheral side chains. The structural differences between ZnTNcendo and ZnTNcexo affected the stacking mode in self-assembled columns, as well as symmetry of the two-dimensional rectangular columnar lattice. The columnar structure in liquid crystalline phase exhibited an ambipolar charge-transport behavior.
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New Synthesis of 3,6-Dibromophthalonitrile and Phthalocyanine Having Eight Thienyl Substituents at Peripheral α-Positions. J Heterocycl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Electrochemical behavior and EPR study of the paramagnetic termetallocene Di([5]trovacenyl-tetramethyl-η5-cyclopentandienyl)iron. Polyhedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2014.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Modern Synthetic Tools Toward the Preparation of Sophisticated Phthalocyanine-Based Photoactive Systems. Chem Asian J 2014; 9:2676-707. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201402311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Abstract
Porphyrin macrocycles have been the subject of intense study in the last century because they are widely distributed in nature, usually as metal complexes of either iron or magnesium. As such, they serve as the prosthetic groups in a wide variety of primary metabolites, such as hemoglobins, myoglobins, cytochromes, catalases, peroxidases, chlorophylls, and bacteriochlorophylls; these compounds have multiple applications in materials science, biology and medicine. This article describes current methodology for preparation of simple, symmetrical model porphyrins, as well as more complex protocols for preparation of unsymmetrically substituted porphyrin macrocycles similar to those found in nature. The basic chemical reactivity of porphyrins and metalloporphyrin is also described, including electrophilic and nucleophilic reactions, oxidations, reductions, and metal-mediated cross-coupling reactions. Using the synthetic approaches and reactivity profiles presented, eventually almost any substituted porphyrin system can be prepared for applications in a variety of areas, including in catalysis, electron transport, model biological systems and therapeutics.
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Synthesis, spectral, and structural studies of porphyrins having sterically hindered [η(5)-CpCo(η(4)-C4Ph4)] cobalt sandwich units at the meso positions. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:12351-66. [PMID: 24152207 DOI: 10.1021/ic401099c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis, spectral, and structural studies of the first examples of porphyrins substituted at the meso positions with sterically hindered η(5)-CpCo(η(4)-C4Ph4) cobalt sandwich units are described. The novel dipyrromethane derived cobalt sandwich compound {η(5)-[(C4H4N)2CH]C5H4}Co(η(4)-C4Ph4) 1, as well as its parent aldehyde, η(5)-[C5H4(CHO)]Co(η(4)-C4Ph4), were used in the synthesis of porphyrins having one or two η(5)-CpCo(η(4)-C4Ph4) groups at their meso positions. 1,9-Diformyldipyrromethane derived η(5)-CpCo(η(4)-C4Ph4) 2 was synthesized using dipyrromethane 1 under Vilsmeier conditions. A reaction of 2 with unsubstituted dipyrromethane under basic conditions in the presence of Pd(C6H5CN)2Cl2 yielded an A-type palladium coordinated porphyrin 3 [where A = η(5)-CpCo(η(4)-C4Ph4)]. A similar reaction of 2 with meso aryl and ferrocenyl-substituted dipyrromethanes yielded trans-AB type palladium coordinated porphyrins 4-6 [where A = η(5)-CpCo(η(4)-C4Ph4) and B = 4-tert-butylphenyl 4, ferrocenyl 5, and pentafluorophenyl 6]. Reactions of 2 with 5-ferrocenyl dipyrromethane under the same reaction conditions in the presence of Ni(acac)2 and Zn(OAc)2 gave the trimetallic nickel(II) and zinc(II) complexed trans-AB type porphyrins 7 and 8 having both cobalt and iron sandwich units at the meso positions. Crystal structure of the Pd(II) porphyrin 5 and nickel(II) porphyrin 7 showed nonplanar structures having distinct ruffle type distortion of the porphyrin ring. Demetalation of the zinc(II) trans-AB type porphyrin 8 in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid gave the metal free base porphyrin 9. Reactions of the cobalt sandwich aldehyde [(η(5)-C5H4(CHO)]Co(η(4)-C4Ph4) with sterically hindered dipyrromethane derivatives under acid-catalyzed condensation reactions gave trans-A2B2 type porphyrins [where A = η(5)-CpCo(η(4)-C4Ph4) and B = pentafluorophenyl, 10 mesityl 11]. In contrast, reactions of [η(5)-C5H4(CHO)]Co(η(4)-C4Ph4) with sterically unhindered meso-4-tert-butylphenyl dipyrromethane resulted in both AB3 12 and cis-A2B2 13 type porphyrins [where A = η(5)-CpCo(η(4)-C4Ph4) and B = (4-tert-butylphenyl] as a result of scrambling. The new porphyrin derivatives have been structurally characterized, and their spectral and electrochemical features were determined.
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Synthesis of phthalocyanines with an extended system of π-electron conjugation. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2013. [DOI: 10.1070/rc2013v082n09abeh004353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Long-range electronic connection in picket-fence like ferrocene-porphyrin derivatives. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:1196-209. [PMID: 23124393 DOI: 10.1039/c2dt31667f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effects of a direct connection between ferrocene and porphyrin units have been thoroughly investigated by electrochemical and spectroscopic methods. These data not only reveal that substitution of the porphyrin macrocycle by one, two, three or four ferrocenyl groups strongly affects the electronic properties of the porphyrin and ferrocenyl moieties, they also clearly demonstrate that the metallocene centres are "connected" through the porphyrin-based electronic network. The dynamic properties of selected ferrocene-porphyrin conjugates have been investigated by VT NMR and metadynamic calculations. 1,3-Dithiolanyl protecting groups have been introduced on the upper rings of the ferrocene fragments to allow a straightforward and easy access to redox active picket-fence porphyrins. X-ray diffraction analyses of the zinc(II) 5-[1'-[2-(1,3-dithiolanyl)]ferrocenyl]-10,15,20-tri(p-tolyl)porphyrin and 5,15-bis[1'-[2-(1,3-dithiolanyl)]ferrocenyl]-10,20-bis(p-tolyl)porphyrin complexes reveal the existence of S-Zn bonds involved in supramolecular arrays. The solid state analysis of the trans-5,15-di-(1'-(formyl)ferrocenyl)-10,20-di-(p-tolyl)-porphyrinatozinc(II) complex, obtained by deprotection of the dithiolane substituted analog, is conversely found in the crystal lattice as a monomer exhibiting a hexacoordinated zinc metal centre.
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Zinc-porphyrins functionalized with redox-active metal peripherals: enhancement of dπ–pπ interaction leading to unique assembly and redox-triggered remote switching of fluorescence. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:16108-20. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt51675j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Synthesis and properties of cyclophosphazenes appended with covalently linked porphyrin–ferrocene conjugates. J Organomet Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2012.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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22
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Enrichment of solubility by esterification: Metal-free and metallo-porphyrazines with polyfluorinated units. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-012-9658-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Ferrocene-Decorated (Phthalocyaninato)(Porphyrinato) Double- and Triple-Decker Rare Earth Complexes: Synthesis, Structure, and Electrochemical Properties. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:5651-9. [PMID: 22554027 DOI: 10.1021/ic202613r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Alkynyl-substituted phthalocyanines: versatile building blocks for molecular materials synthesis. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424606000442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Phthalocyanines are an interesting class of aromatic macrocycles which possess unique physical and chemical properties that make them excellent building blocks for the construction of molecular materials. Among the different functional groups that can be incorporated into the phthalocyanine's skeleton, the alkynyl group is one of the most interesting; this is confirmed by the large number of organic synthetic materials constructed from acetylene-based scaffolds due its rigidity and linearity, allowing high exciton and electron coupling between chromophore units. Additionally, these systems are particularly important, considering the wide range of functional group interconversions that the triple bond may permit. This account represents a concise overview of the most important contributions on the synthesis and applications of mono- and poly-alkynyl-substituted phthalocyanine-based molecular systems, towards the development of new functional molecular materials.
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Electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical behavior of planar binuclear naphthalocyanines. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424611004105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical behavior of two planar binuclear naphthalocyanines containing benzene and naphthalene π-conjugated bridges was investigated for the first time. Their intense absorption in the near infrared region was observed even in a low polar solvent such as o-dichlorobenzene after electrochemical reduction at a potential of -0.4 V vs. SCE, which was not enough to reduce the complexes into their first reduction state. These data and EPR studies allow us to conclude that the electrochemically generated form is the true neutral form of the synthesized compounds whereas the suppression of the near-infrared bands is a result of the presence of their cation radicals as one-electron oxidized forms.
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Abstract
Palladium-catalyzed reactions such as Sonogashira coupling, Suzuki coupling, Stille coupling, Heck reactions, and Glaser-Hey oxidation were used to construct porphyrin modules of nano-scale molecular size in recent years. Recent developments in the supramolecular assembly of porphyrins and Pd (II) and in the organopalladium complexes of various porphyrins are also summarized.
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Abstract
Magnesium porphyrazinates substituted with eight (p-tolyl) and (o-tolyl) units on the peripheral positions have been synthesized for the first time by cyclotetramerization of 1,2-bis(p-tolyl)maleonitrile and 1,2-bis(o-tolyl)maleonitrile in the presence of magnesium butanolate. Their demetalation by the treatment with trifluoroacetic acid resulted in partially oxidized products, namely, octakis(p-tolyl)-2-seco-porphyrazine-2,3-dione and octakis(o-tolyl)-2-seco-porphyrazine-2,3-dione. Further reactions of these products with copper(II) acetate, zinc(II) acetate and cobalt(II) acetate have led to the metallo derivatives, [octakis(p-tolyl)-2-seco-2,3-dioxoporphyrazinato] M(II) and [octakis(o-tolyl)-2-seco-2,3-dioxoporphyrazinato] M(II) ( M = Cu , Zn , Co ). These novel compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis, together with FT-IR, 1H NMR, UV-vis and mass spectral data.
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Synthesis, characterization, spectroscopic and electrochemical properties of phthalocyanines substituted with four 3-ferrocenyl-7-oxycoumarin moieties. J Organomet Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2011.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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31
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Synthesis and characterization of soluble porphyrazines bearing octakis 2-anthraquinonylmethylthio substituents. J COORD CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2011.555539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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32
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Density functional theory studies on the structures and electronic communication of meso-ferrocenylporphyrins: Long range orbital coupling via porphyrin core. J Mol Graph Model 2011; 29:717-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2010.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Revised: 12/05/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Synthesis, structural and spectral properties of novel octakis(3,5-bis-trifluoromethyl-benzylthio) substituted porphyrazine derivatives. J Fluor Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2010.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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35
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Redox-Active Heterometallic Ferrocenylalkynyl Carbosilane Dendrimers Incorporating Os3(CO)10 Clusters. Organometallics 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/om100537k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Covalent and noncovalent phthalocyanine-carbon nanostructure systems: synthesis, photoinduced electron transfer, and application to molecular photovoltaics. Chem Rev 2010; 110:6768-816. [PMID: 20364812 DOI: 10.1021/cr900254z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 540] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Electron-transfer processes in metal-free tetraferrocenylporphyrin. Understanding internal interactions to access mixed-valence States potentially useful for quantum cellular automata. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 131:14969-78. [PMID: 19772340 DOI: 10.1021/ja905310h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Redox properties of H(2)TFcP [TFcP(2-) = 5,10,15,20-tetraferrocenylporphyrin(2-)] were investigated using cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, and square-wave voltammetry methods in a large variety of solvents and electrolytes. When DMF, THF, and MeCN were used with TBAP as the supporting electrolyte, the first oxidation wave was assigned to a single four-electron oxidation process reflecting simultaneous oxidation of all iron(II) centers into iron(III) centers in H(2)TFcP. When an o-DCB (1,2-dichlorobenzene)/TBAP combination was used in electrochemical experiments, four ferrocene substituents underwent two very diffuse, "two-electron" stepwise oxidations. The use of a weakly coordinating TFAB ([NBu(4)][B(C(6)F(5))(4)]) electrolyte in o-DCB or DCM results in four single-electron oxidation processes for ferrocene substituents in which the first and second single-electron waves have a relatively large separation, while the second, third, and fourth oxidation processes are more closely spaced; similar results were observed when a DCM/TBAP system and an imidazolium cation-based ionic liquid ((bmim)Tf(2)N = N-butyl-N'-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide) were used. Spectroelectrochemical oxidation of H(2)TFcP in o-DCB or DCM with TFAB as the supporting electrolyte allowed for characterization of the mixed-valence [H(2)TFcP](+), [H(2)TFcP](2+), and [H(2)TFcP](3+) compounds by UV-vis spectroscopy in addition to the "all-Fe(III)" [H(2)TFcP](4+). The chemical oxidation of H(2)TFcP was tested using a variety of oxidants which resulted in formation of mixed-valence [H(2)TFcP](+) and [H(2)TFcP](2+) as well as [H(2)TFcP](4+), which were characterized by UV-vis-NIR, MCD, IR, Mossbauer, and XPS spectroscopy. The intervalence-charge-transfer bands observed in the near-IR region in [H(2)TFcP](+) and [H(2)TFcP](2+) complexes were analyzed using Hush formalism and found to be of class II (in Robin-Day classification) character with localized ferrous and ferric centers. Class II behavior of [H(2)TFcP](+) and [H(2)TFcP](2+) complexes was further confirmed by Mossbauer, IR, and XPS data.
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Synthesis and characterization of new metal-free and metallophthalocyanines fused α-methylferrocenylmethoxy units. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-009-9719-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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39
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Synthesis of new lanthanide naphthalocyanine complexes based on 6,7-bis(phenoxy)-2,3-naphthalodinitrile and their spectral and electrochemical investigation. Russ Chem Bull 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-008-0258-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Peripheral Covalent Modification of Inorganic and Organometallic Compounds through C−C Bond Formation Reactions. Chem Rev 2008; 108:4185-207. [DOI: 10.1021/cr8002592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Merging Porphyrins with Organometallics: Synthesis and Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:7396-421. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200703362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Octakis (9-anthracenylmethylthio) Iron Porphyrazine Derivatives. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2008. [DOI: 10.3184/030823408x340582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chloro[octakis(9-anthracenylmethylthio)porphyrazinato]iron(III), ([FePzCl]), was prepared by the reaction of metal-free porphyrazine with iron(II) acetate and further treatment with HCl solution. The monomeric bisaxial complex [FePz(py)2] as well as the bridged complex [FePz(pyz)] n were formed as stable complexes by reacting [FePzCl] with pyridine or pyrazine, respectively. These novel complexes were characterised by elemental analysis, together with FT-IR, 1H NMR, UV-Vis and mass spectral data.
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Voltammetric and spectroelectrochemical characterization of porphyrazines: Electrochemical metal sensor. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2007.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Photo-controlled Electrochemical Switch Based on Photochromic Tetraazaporphyrin Containing Ferrocene Units. CHEM LETT 2007. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2007.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Preparation and Electrochemical Properties of 1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25-Octalkylphthalocyanines Containing Four Trithiole Rings. European J Org Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200500654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Different conformations of phthalocyanine skeletons in a structure of μ-oxo-bis(phthalocyaninato)iron with asymmetry coordination. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2005.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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