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Hodges TR, Benjamin NM, Martin SF. Concise approach to the syntheses of (±)-gliocladin C and related diketopiperazine alkaloids. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Bischoff AJ, Nelson BM, Niemeyer ZL, Sigman MS, Movassaghi M. Quantitative Modeling of Bis(pyridine)silver(I) Permanganate Oxidation of Hydantoin Derivatives: Guidelines for Predicting the Site of Oxidation in Complex Substrates. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:15539-15547. [PMID: 28975782 PMCID: PMC5739304 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b09541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The bis(pyridine)silver(I) permanganate promoted hydroxylation of diketopiperazines has served as a pivotal transformation in the synthesis of complex epipolythiodiketopiperazine alkaloids. This late-stage C-H oxidation chemistry is strategically critical to access N-acyl iminium ion intermediates necessary for nucleophilic thiolation of advanced diketopiperazines en route to potent epipolythiodiketopiperazine anticancer compounds. In this study, we develop an informative mathematical model using hydantoin derivatives as a training set of substrates by relating the relative rates of oxidation to various calculated molecular descriptors. The model prioritizes Hammett values and percent buried volume as key contributing factors in the hydantoin series while correctly predicting the experimentally observed oxidation sites in various complex diketopiperazine case studies. Thus, a method is presented by which to use simplified training molecules and resulting correlations to explain and predict reaction behavior for more complex substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J. Bischoff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Brandon M. Nelson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Zachary L. Niemeyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Matthew S. Sigman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Mohammad Movassaghi
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Shimokawa J, Fukuyama T. Synthetic Studies on Heteropolycyclic Natural Products: Strategies via Novel Reactions and Reactivities. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2017. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.75.1115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tohru Fukuyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University
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Mangamuri UK, Vijayalakshmi M, Poda S, Manavathi B, Chitturi B, Yenamandra V. Isolation and biological evaluation of N-(4-aminocyclooctyl)-3, 5-dinitrobenzamide, a new semisynthetic derivative from the Mangrove-associated actinomycete Pseudonocardia endophytica VUK-10. 3 Biotech 2016; 6:158. [PMID: 28330230 PMCID: PMC4963327 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-016-0472-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was aimed to isolate novel bioactive compounds from actinomycetes species isolated from mangrove habitats. With this connection, Pseudonocardia endophytica (VUK-10) was isolated using dilution plate technique and was examined for its secondary metabolite profiling. After successive purification and spectroscopic characterization viz., FTIR, mass, NMR, DEPT, HMQC, HMBC, and COSY spectroscopy, two compounds were identified including a semi synthetic derivative N-(4-aminocyclooctyl)-3, 5-dinitrobenzamide (1), obtained from the precursor of novel natural product cyclooctane-1,4-diamine (3), along with a known compound 3-((1H-indol-6-yl) methyl) hexahydropyrrolo [1, 2-a] pyrazine-1, 4-dione (2). Anti cancer activities of the characterized compounds against in vitro cancerous cell line models, MDA-MB-231, OAW-42, HeLa, and MCF-7 reveal that HELA cells are most susceptible (IC50-10 nM compound 1 and 2) followed by other studied cells. On the other hand, antibacterial and antifungal activities of the studied compounds against tested pathogens revealed that there is a significant antimicrobial activity with all the tested bacterial and fungal species. Moreover, compound 1 showed the lowest MIC values against Streptococcus mutans as 4 and 16 µg/ml for Candida albicans. In conclusion, the identified novel chemical compounds in the present study may have a potential application in anticancer therapy as well as to mitigate the bacterial and fungal pathogens thus to control the infectious diseases.
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Abstract
The first total synthesis of (+)-luteoalbusins A and B is described. Highly regio- and diastereoselective chemical transformations in our syntheses include a Friedel-Crafts C3-indole addition to a cyclotryptophan-derived diketopiperazine, a late-stage diketopiperazine dihydroxylation, and a C11-sulfidation sequence, in addition to congener-specific polysulfane synthesis and cyclization to the corresponding epipolythiodiketopiperazine. We also report the cytoxicity of both alkaloids, and closely related derivatives, against A549, HeLa, HCT116, and MCF7 human cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C. Adams
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Joshua N. Payette
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jaime H. Cheah
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Mohammad Movassaghi
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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6
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Takeuchi R, Shimokawa J, Fukuyama T. Development of a route to chiral epidithiodioxopiperazine moieties and application to the asymmetric synthesis of (+)-hyalodendrin. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc53222d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of a novel methodology that takes advantage of the bridgehead carbanion and the traceless transfer of the stereochemistry of l-cysteine allowed the first asymmetric synthesis of hyalodendrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Takeuchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Nagoya University
- Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Jun Shimokawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Nagoya University
- Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Tohru Fukuyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Nagoya University
- Aichi 464-8601, Japan
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Cherblanc FL, Lo YP, Herrebout WA, Bultinck P, Rzepa HS, Fuchter MJ. Mechanistic and chiroptical studies on the desulfurization of epidithiodioxopiperazines reveal universal retention of configuration at the bridgehead carbon atoms. J Org Chem 2013; 78:11646-55. [PMID: 24073665 PMCID: PMC3894640 DOI: 10.1021/jo401316a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The stereochemistry of the desulfurization products of chiral natural and synthetic 3,6-epidithiodiketopiperazines (ETPs) is specified inconsistently in the literature. Qualitative mechanisms have been put forward to explain apparently divergent stereochemical pathways, but the quantitative feasibility of such mechanistic pathways has not been assessed. We report a computational study revealing that desulfurization of ETPs should occur universally with retention of configuration. While the majority of stereochemically assigned and reassigned cases fit this model, until now desulfurization of the synthetic gliotoxin analogue shown has remained assigned as proceeding via inversion of configuration. Through detailed chiroptical studies comparing experimentally obtained optical rotation values, electronic circular dichroism spectra, and vibrational circular dichroism spectra to their computationally simulated counterparts as well as chemical derivatization studies, we have unambiguously demonstrated that contrary to its current assignment in the literature, the desulfurization of this synthetic ETP also proceeds with retention of configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny L Cherblanc
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London , South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
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8
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Abstract
Evolution of the synthetic strategy that culminated in the first total syntheses of the structurally unique plectosphaeroic acids B (2) and C (3) is described. The successful enantioselective route to (+)-2 and (+)-3 proceeds in 6 and 11 steps from the known hexahydro-2H-pyrazinopyrrolo[2,3-b]indole-1,4-dione 39, which in turn is available in enantiomerically pure form by chemical synthesis. The central challenge in this synthesis endeavor was uniting the hexahydro-2H-pyrazinopyrrolo[2,3-b]indole-1,4-dione and cinnabarinic acid fragments of these marine alkaloids. Critical for achieving this successful C-N bond formation was the use of an iodocinnabarinic acid diester in which the amino group was masked with two Boc substituents, a Cu(I) carboxylate complex and the weak base KOAc. The highly congested C-N bond generated in this coupling, in conjunction with the delicate nature of the densely functionalized coupling partners, provided a striking testament to the power of modern copper-mediated amination methods. Two approaches, one stereoselective, for introducing the methylthio substituents of (+)-plectosphaeroic acid B were developed. The epitrisulfide ring of (+)-plectosphaeroic acid C was formed by ring expansion of an epidisulfide precursor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman Y. Jabri
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences II, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
| | - Larry E. Overman
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences II, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
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Coste A, Kim J, Adams TC, Movassaghi M. Concise Total Synthesis of (+)-Bionectins A and C. Chem Sci 2013; 4:3191-3197. [PMID: 23878720 PMCID: PMC3713796 DOI: 10.1039/c3sc51150b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The concise and efficient total synthesis of (+)-bionectins A and C is described. Our approach to these natural products features a new and scalable method for erythro-β-hydroxytryptophan amino acid synthesis, an intramolecular Friedel-Crafts reaction of a silyl-tethered indole, and a new mercaptan reagent for epipolythiodiketopiperazine (ETP) synthesis that can be unravelled under very mild conditions. In evaluating the impact of C12-hydroxylation, we have identified a unique need for an intramolecular variant of our Friedel-Crafts indolylation chemistry. Several key discoveries including the first example of permanganate-mediated stereoinvertive hydroxylation of the α-stereocenters of diketopiperazines as well as the first example of a direct triketopiperazine synthesis from a parent cyclo-dipeptide are discussed. Finally, the synthesis of (+)-bionectin A and its unambiguous structural assignment through X-ray analysis provides motivation for the reevaluation of its original characterization data and assignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Coste
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, 77 Massachusetts Avenue 18-292, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, USA.
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Boyer N, Morrison KC, Kim J, Hergenrother PJ, Movassaghi M. Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of Epipolythiodiketopiperazine Alkaloids. Chem Sci 2013; 4:1646-1657. [PMID: 23914293 PMCID: PMC3728915 DOI: 10.1039/c3sc50174d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The epipolythiodiketopiperazine (ETP) alkaloids are a highly complex class of natural products with potent anticancer activity. Herein, we report the application of a flexible and scalable synthesis, allowing the construction of dozens of ETP derivatives. The evaluation of these compounds against cancer cell lines in culture allows for the first expansive structure-activity relationship (SAR) to be defined for monomeric and dimeric ETP-containing natural products and their synthetic cognates. Many ETP derivatives demonstrate potent anticancer activity across a broad range of cancer cell lines, and kill cancer cellsviainduction of apoptosis. Several traits thatbode well for the translational potential of the ETP class of natural products includeconcise and efficient synthetic access, potent induction of apoptotic cell death, activity against a wide range of cancer types, and a broad tolerance for modifications at multiple sitesthat should facilitate small-molecule drug development, mechanistic studies, and evaluation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Boyer
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Karen C. Morrison
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Chemistry, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Justin Kim
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Paul J. Hergenrother
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Chemistry, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Mohammad Movassaghi
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Abstract
The first total synthesis of (+)-gliocladin B is described. Our concise and enantioselective synthesis takes advantage of a new regioselective Friedel-Crafts-based strategy to provide an efficient multigram-scale access to the C3-(3'-indolyl)hexahydropyrroloindole substructure, a molecular foundation present in a significant subset of epipolythiodiketopiperazine natural alkaloids. Our first-generation solution to (+)-gliocladin B involved the stereoselective formation of (+)-12-deoxybionectin A, a plausible biosynthetic precursor. Our synthesis clarified the C15 stereochemistry of (+)-gliocladin B and allowed its full structure confirmation. Further studies of a versatile dihydroxylated diketopiperazine provided a concise and efficient synthesis of (+)-gliocladin B as well as access to (+)-gliocladin C.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Movassaghi
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, 77 Massachusetts Avenue 18-292, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, USA
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Znabet A, Zonneveld J, Janssen E, De Kanter FJJ, Helliwell M, Turner NJ, Ruijter E, Orru RVA. Asymmetric synthesis of synthetic alkaloids by a tandem biocatalysis/Ugi/Pictet-Spengler-type cyclization sequence. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:7706-8. [PMID: 20871902 DOI: 10.1039/c0cc02938f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
We have combined the biocatalytic desymmetrization of 3,4-cis-substituted meso-pyrrolidines with an Ugi-type multicomponent reaction followed in situ by a Pictet-Spengler-type cyclization reaction sequence for the rapid asymmetric synthesis of alkaloid-like polycyclic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anass Znabet
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Kim J, Movassaghi M. General approach to epipolythiodiketopiperazine alkaloids: total synthesis of (+)-chaetocins A and C and (+)-12,12'-dideoxychetracin A. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:14376-8. [PMID: 20866039 PMCID: PMC2987664 DOI: 10.1021/ja106869s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A highly stereoselective and systematic strategy for the introduction of polysulfides in the synthesis of epipolythiodiketopiperazines is described. We report the first total synthesis of dimeric epitri- and epitetrathiodiketopiperazines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Kim
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry,
Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Mohammad Movassaghi
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry,
Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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15
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Inhibition of hypoxia-inducible transcription factor complex with designed epipolythiodiketopiperazine. Biopolymers 2010; 95:8-16. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.21550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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16
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Noordik JH, Herscheid KDM, Tijhuis MW, Ottenheijm HCJ. On the conformation and dimerization of a 2-mercapto-5-methylenepiperazine-3,6-dione. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/recl.19780970402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Aliev AE, Hilton ST, Motherwell WB, Selwood DL. A concise approach to the epidithiodiketopiperazine (ETP) core. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.01.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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Rhee KH. Cyclic dipeptides exhibit synergistic, broad spectrum antimicrobial effects and have anti-mutagenic properties. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2004; 24:423-7. [PMID: 15519471 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2004.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2004] [Accepted: 05/20/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic dipeptides are known to have antiviral, antibiotic and antitumour properties. The aim of this study was to determine the combined effects of cyclo(L-leucyl-L-prolyl) and cyclo(L-phenylalanyl-L-prolyl) on the growth of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and pathogenic yeasts, as well as determining their anti-mutagenic effects. This drug combination was especially effective against five VRE strains: Enterococcus faecium (K-99-38), E. faecalis (K-99-17), E. faecalis (K-99-258), E. faecium (K-01-312) and E. faecalis (K-01-511) with MIC values of 0.25-1 mg/l. It was also effective against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans with MIC values of 0.25-0.5 mg/l. In addition, the cyclic dipeptides exerted anti-mutagenic activity against Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains in a Salmonella mutation assay. The number of mutant colonies of S. typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100 induced by exposure to AF-2 (0.2 microg/plate) decreased in a concentration-dependent manner in the presence of the two cyclic dipeptides (correlation 0.72 and 0.78, respectively). Here, for the first time, we report synergistic effects of the cyclic dipeptides [cyclo(L-leu-L-pro) and cyclo(L-phe-L-pro)] in inhibiting the growth of pathogenic microorganisms, as well as their anti-mutagenic effects in Salmonella strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Hyeong Rhee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, # 300-6174 University Blvd., Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3.
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Rhee KH. Isolation and characterization of Streptomyces sp KH-614 producing anti-VRE (vancomycin-resistant enterococci) antibiotics. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2002; 48:321-7. [PMID: 12682870 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.48.321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The actinomycete strain KH-614 was antagonistic to vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). Based on the diaminopimelic acid (DAP) type, morphological and physiological characteristics examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), KH-614 was confirmed as belonging to the genus Streptomyces. Based on the 16S rDNA nucleotide sequences, Streptomyces sp. KH-614 was found to have a relationship with Streptomyces lydicus. The production of antibiotic from this strain was most favorable when cultured in glucose, polypeptone, yeast extract (PY) medium for 6 days at 27 degrees C. The antibiotic was identified as a cyclo(L-leucyl-L-prolyl) by comparing it with the reported spectral data including MS and NMR. Cyclo(leu-pro) was found to be active against twelve VRE strains, including E. faecium (vanA, vanB), and E. faecalis (vanA, vanB), that had been isolated over a period three years (1998-2000). Cyclo(leu-pro) was especially effective against VRE strains such as E. faecalis (K-99-34), E. faecalis (K-00-184), E. faecalis (K-00-221), and the MIC values were 12.5 microg/ml. Moreover, cyclo(leu-pro) was effective against three leukemic cell lines at concentrations below 100 microg/ml. At 100 mg/ml cyclo(leu-pro), K562, HL60, and U937 leukemic cell lines showed growth inhibition of 95, 91, and 93%, respectively. In a normal cell line, MDBK, cyclo(leu-pro) exerted 24% growth inhibition at a concentration of 100 microg/ml, and showed no inhibitory activity at concentrations below 10 microg/ml. These results indicate that cyclo(leu-pro) is a potential anti-leukemic and anti-VRE agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Hyeong Rhee
- Department of Biological Science, Kongju National University, Kongju, 314-701, Korea
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Milne PJ, Hunt AL, Rostoll K, Van Der Walt JJ, Graz CJ. The biological activity of selected cyclic dipeptides. J Pharm Pharmacol 1998; 50:1331-7. [PMID: 10052845 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1998.tb03355.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic dipeptides are widely used as models for larger peptides because of their simplicity and limited conformational freedom. Some cyclic dipeptides have been shown to be antiviral, antibiotic and anti-tumour. The aim of this study was to determine the biological activity of four cyclic dipeptides synthesized in this laboratory: cyclo(L-phenylalanyl-L-prolyl), cyclo(L-tyrosyl-L-prolyl), cyclo(L-tryptophanyl-L-prolyl) and cyclo(L-tryptophanyl-L-tryptophanyl). The enhancement or inhibition of calcium channels in ventricular myocytes from rats and delayed-rectifier potassium channels in ventricular myocytes from guinea-pigs were determined by use of the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. The induction of differentiation in HT-29 cells was assessed by assaying for an increase in the expression of alkaline phosphatase. Antibiotic properties against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilus and Streptococcus sp. were determined by use of the Kirby-Bauer disc-diffusion assay. Results from these assays indicate that the cyclic dipeptides have biological activity in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Three of the dipeptides block cation channels in ventricular myocytes and all increase the expression of alkaline phosphatase. All the dipeptides have concentration-dependent antibacterial properties. These results suggest that with increased solubility the cyclic dipeptides might have potential as muscle relaxants, anti-tumour compounds and antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Milne
- School of Pharmacy, University of Port Elizabeth, Republic of South Africa
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Palagiano E, Zollo F, Minale L, Iorizzi M, Bryan P, McClintock J, Hopkins T. Isolation of 20 glycosides from the starfish Henricia downeyae, collected in the Gulf of Mexico. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 1996; 59:348-354. [PMID: 8699179 DOI: 10.1021/np9601014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Thirteen new (1-13) and seven known (14-20) steroid glycosides were isolated from Henricia downeyae, collected from the offshore waters of the northern Gulf of Mexico. Ethanolic extracts of these starfish caused growth inhibition in bacteria and fungi, potent antifouling activity against barnacle and bryozoan larvae, and feeding deterrent activity against a marine fish. The known compounds are typical glycosides found in several species of the family Echinasteridae, i.e., Echinaster sp. and Henricia laeviuscola. One of the new compounds belongs to this group, whereas the remaining 12 new compounds represent a novel series of steroid glycosides which have aglycons with structural similarities to the "asterosaponins". They possess a delta 9(11) 3 beta, 6 alpha-dihydroxysteroidal aglycon with 23-oxo or 22,23-epoxy functionalities and often a 20-hydroxyl group in the side chain. The sulfate is located at C-6 and the saccharide moiety at C-3, in contrast with the asterosaponins which have the sulfate at C-3 and the oligosaccaride moiety at C-6. All the new compounds contain a glucuronic acid unit, which is uncommon among steroid glycosides from echinoderms. The structures of the new compounds, isolated in amounts ranging from 3.4 to 0.9 mg, were determined by interpretation of their spectral data and by comparison with spectral data of known compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Palagiano
- Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Italy
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Bohle M, Liebscher J. Ring Contraction of Heterocycles by Sulfur Extrusion. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2725(08)60295-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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26
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Rajappa S, Natekar MV. Piperazine-2,5-diones and Related Lactim Ethers. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2725(08)60889-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
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27
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Witiak DT, Wei Y. Dioxopiperazines: chemistry and biology. PROGRESS IN DRUG RESEARCH. FORTSCHRITTE DER ARZNEIMITTELFORSCHUNG. PROGRES DES RECHERCHES PHARMACEUTIQUES 1990; 35:249-363. [PMID: 2290982 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-7133-4_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D T Witiak
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210
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Waring P, Eichner RD, Müllbacher A. The chemistry and biology of the immunomodulating agent gliotoxin and related epipolythiodioxopiperazines. Med Res Rev 1988; 8:499-524. [PMID: 2461498 DOI: 10.1002/med.2610080404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P Waring
- Department of Microbiology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, A.C.T
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Srinivasan A, Kolar AJ, Olsen RK. Synthesis of sulfur-bridged piperazinediones by reaction of 3,6-dibromo-1,4-dimethyl-2,5-piperazinedione withgeminaldithiols. J Heterocycl Chem 1981. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570180811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Schmidt U, Häusler J, Ohler E, Poisel H. Dehydroamino acids, alpha-hydroxy-alpha-amino acids and alpha-mercapto-alpha-amino acids. FORTSCHRITTE DER CHEMIE ORGANISCHER NATURSTOFFE = PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS. PROGRES DANS LA CHIMIE DES SUBSTANCES ORGANIQUES NATURELLES 1979; 37:251. [PMID: 396213 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-8545-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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De Clercq E, Billiau A, Ottenheijm HC, Herscheid JD. Antireverse transcriptase activity of gliotoxin analogs. Biochem Pharmacol 1978; 27:635-9. [PMID: 77666 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(78)90497-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Ganem B. From glucose to aromatics: recent developments in natural products of the shikimic acid pathway. Tetrahedron 1978. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4020(78)80222-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Schmidt U, Häusler J, Öhler E, Poisel H. Bemerkungen zur „Three-step Synthesis of a Gliotoxin Analogue⃛” vonH. C. J. Ottenheijm et al. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1977. [DOI: 10.1002/cber.19771101128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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