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Dong Y, Sun X, Li H, Han C, Zhang Y, Ding H, Xia L, Wang H, Yang S, Xu L, Xu G. Mechanisms of adverse mammary effect induced by olanzapine and therapeutic interventions in rat model. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 485:116876. [PMID: 38437955 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.116876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Olanzapine antagonizes dopamine receptors and is prescribed to treat multiple psychiatric conditions. The main side effect of concern for olanzapine is weight gain and metabolic syndrome. Olanzapine induces hyperprolactinemia, however its effect on the mammary gland is poorly documented. METHODS Rats received olanzapine by gavage or in drinking water at 1, 3, and 6 mg/kg/day for 5-40 days or 100 days, with and without coadministration of bromocriptine or aripiprazole and using once daily or continuous administration strategies. Histomorphology of the mammary gland, concentrations of prolactin, estradiol, progesterone, and olanzapine in serum, mammary gland and adipose tissue, and mRNA and protein expressions of prolactin receptors were analyzed. RESULTS In adult and prepubescent female rats and male rats, olanzapine induced significant development of mammary glands in dose- and time-dependent manners, with histopathological hyperplasia of mammary ducts and alveoli with lumen dilation and secretion, marked increase of mammary prolactin receptor expression, a marker of breast tissue, and with mild increase of circulating prolactin. This side effect can be reversed after medication withdrawal, but long-term olanzapine treatment for 100 days implicated tumorigenic potentials indicated by usual ductal epithelial hyperplasia. Olanzapine induced mammary development was prevented with the coaddition of the dopamine agonist bromocriptine or partial agonist aripiprazole, or by continuous administration of medication instead of a once daily regimen. CONCLUSIONS These results shed light on the previously overlooked effect of olanzapine on mammary development and present experimental evidence to support current clinical management strategies of antipsychotic induced side effects in the breast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyue Dong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaozhe Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hanxiao Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chunmiao Han
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Huiru Ding
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lisha Xia
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Huamin Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shaomin Yang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, China
| | - Lingzi Xu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, China.
| | - Guoheng Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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Ciccullo A, Baldin G, Borghi V, Lagi F, Latini A, d’Ettorre G, Oreni L, Fusco P, Capetti A, Fabbiani M, Giacomelli A, Grimaldi A, Madeddu G, Sterrantino G, Mussini C, Di Giambenedetto S. Real-Life Impact of Drug Toxicity on Dolutegravir Tolerability: Clinical Practice Data from a Multicenter Italian Cohort. Viruses 2022; 14:v14010163. [PMID: 35062367 PMCID: PMC8778073 DOI: 10.3390/v14010163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dolutegravir (DTG) is currently one of the most used Integrase inhibitors (INI) in antiretroviral therapies (ARV) in both naïve and experienced people living with HIV (PLWHIV). We analyzed a multicenter cohort of PLWHIV, both naïve and experienced, starting an ARV including DTG. We enrolled 3775 PLWHIV: 2763 (73.2%) were males, with a median age of 50 years. During 9890.7 PYFU, we observed 930 discontinuations (9.4 per 100 PYFU). Estimated probabilities of maintaining DTG at three and five years were 75.1% and 67.2%, respectively. Treatment-naïve pts showed a lower probability of maintaining DTG at three and five years compared to treatment-experienced PLWHIV (log-rank p < 0.001). At a multivariate analysis, a longer time of virological suppression (aHR 0.994, p < 0.001) and having experienced a previous virological failure (aHR 0.788, p = 0.016) resulted protective against DTG discontinuation. Most discontinuations (84.0%) happened within the first 12 months of DTG initiation, in particular, 92.2% of discontinuations due to neuropsychiatric toxicity were observed in the first year. Our data confirm the overall good tolerability of DTG in clinical practice, with a low rate of discontinuations. CNS toxicity resulted the main reason for DTG discontinuation, with most related interruptions happening in the first year from DTG introduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Ciccullo
- Infectious Diseases Unit, San Salvatore Hospital, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Gianmaria Baldin
- Mater Olbia Hospital, 07026 Olbia, Italy;
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Vanni Borghi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Modena, 41125 Modena, Italy; (V.B.); (C.M.)
| | - Filippo Lagi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy; (F.L.); (G.S.)
| | - Alessandra Latini
- Infectious Dermatology and Allergology Unit, IFO S. Gallicano Institute (IRCCS), 00144 Rome, Italy;
| | - Gabriella d’Ettorre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Azienda Policlinico Umberto I, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Letizia Oreni
- Infectious Diseases Unit, DIBIC Luigi Sacco, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy; (L.O.); (A.G.)
| | - Paolo Fusco
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Amedeo Capetti
- 1st Division of Infectious Diseases, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, 20157 Milan, Italy;
| | - Massimiliano Fabbiani
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Andrea Giacomelli
- Infectious Diseases Unit, DIBIC Luigi Sacco, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy; (L.O.); (A.G.)
| | | | - Giordano Madeddu
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Gaetana Sterrantino
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy; (F.L.); (G.S.)
| | - Cristina Mussini
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Modena, 41125 Modena, Italy; (V.B.); (C.M.)
| | - Simona Di Giambenedetto
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Safety and Bioethics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Paudel B, Maharjan R, Rajbhandari P, Aryal N, Aziz S, Bhattarai K, Baral B, Malla R, Bhattarai HD. Maculosin, a non-toxic antioxidant compound isolated from Streptomyces sp. KTM18. Pharm Biol 2021; 59:933-936. [PMID: 34236286 PMCID: PMC8274501 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.1946091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Streptomyces species are prolific sources of bioactive secondary metabolites known especially for their antimicrobial and anticancer activities. OBJECTIVE This study sought to isolate and characterize antioxidant molecules biosynthesized by Streptomyces sp. KTM18. The antioxidant potential of an isolated compound and its toxicity were accessed. MATERIALS AND METHODS The compound was purified using bioassay-guided chromatography techniques. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments were carried out for structure elucidation. The antioxidant potential of the isolated compound was determined using DPPH free radical scavenging assay. The toxicity of the isolated compound was measured using a brine shrimp lethality (BSL) assay. RESULTS Ethyl acetate extract of Streptomyces sp. KTM18 showed more than 90% inhibition of DPPH free radical at 50 µg/mL of the test concentration. These data were the strongest among 13 Streptomyces isolates (KTM12-KTM24). The active molecule was isolated and characterized as maculosin (molecular formula, C14H16N2O3 as determined by the [M + H]+ peak at 261.1259). The DPPH free radical scavenging activity of pure maculosin was higher (IC50, 2.16 ± 0.05 µg/mL) than that of commercial butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) (IC50, 4.8 ± 0.05 µg/mL). No toxicity was observed for maculosin (LD50, <128 µg/mL) in brine shrimp lethality assay (BSLA) up to the compound's antioxidant activity (IC50) concentration range. The commercial standard, berberine chloride, showed toxicity in BSLA with an LD50 value of 8.63 ± 0.15 µg/mL. CONCLUSIONS Maculosin may be a leading drug candidate in various cosmetic and therapeutic applications owing to its strong antioxidant and non-toxic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babita Paudel
- Central Department of Biotechnology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
| | - Rukusha Maharjan
- Department of Applied Microbiology and Food Technology, Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology (RIBB), Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Prajwal Rajbhandari
- Department of Applied Microbiology and Food Technology, Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology (RIBB), Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Niraj Aryal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Saefuddin Aziz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Keshab Bhattarai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bikash Baral
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Rajani Malla
- Central Department of Biotechnology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
| | - Hari Datta Bhattarai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- Central Department of Botany, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Hafeez F, Mansha A, Fawad Zahoor A, Ghulam Ali K, Gul Khan S, Raza Naqvi SA. Facile green approach towards the synthesis of some phenyl piperazine based dithiocarbamates as potent hemolytic and thrombolytic agents. Pak J Pharm Sci 2021; 34:1885-1890. [PMID: 34836855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The facile and efficient protocol for the synthesis of N-phenyl piperazine based di-thio-carbamates has been reported under neat conditions. A library of novel piperazine based di-thio-carbamates (3a-h) in excellent yields has been prepared. Solvent free, catalyst free and easy work up conditions make this protocol an attractive synthetic protocol to achieve novel biologically active di-thio-carbamates. The synthesized molecules have been characterized by FT-IR, 1HNMR and 13CNMR spectroscopic techniques. The pharmacological aspects of these derivatives have been evaluated via hemolysis and thrombolysis. All the target molecules (3a-h) exhibit mild to medium potential as hemolytic and thrombolytic agents. Among the synthesized derivatives, compound 3c showed least cytotoxicity and better thrombolytic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freeha Hafeez
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Asim Mansha
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ameer Fawad Zahoor
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Kulsoom Ghulam Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Samreen Gul Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Syed Ali Raza Naqvi
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Hausig F, Sobotta FH, Richter F, Harz DO, Traeger A, Brendel JC. Correlation between Protonation of Tailor-Made Polypiperazines and Endosomal Escape for Cytosolic Protein Delivery. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:35233-35247. [PMID: 34283557 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c00829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Responsive polymers, which become protonated at decreasing pH, are considered a milestone in the development of synthetic cell entry vectors. Exact correlations between their properties and their ability to escape the endosome, however, often remain elusive due to hydrophobic interactions or limitations in the design of water-soluble materials with suitable basicity. Here, we present a series of well-defined, hydrophilic polypiperazines, where systematic variation of the amino moiety facilitates an unprecedented fine-tuning of the basicity or pKa value within the physiologically relevant range (pH 6-7.4). Coincubation of HEK 293T cells with various probes, including small fluorophores or functioning proteins, revealed a rapid increase of endosomal release for polymers with pKa values above 6.5 or 7 in serum-free or serum-containing media, respectively. Similarly, cytotoxic effects became severe at increased pKa values (>7). Although the window for effective transport appears narrow, the discovered correlations offer a principal guideline for the design of effective polymers for endosomal escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Hausig
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Fabian H Sobotta
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Friederike Richter
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Dominic O Harz
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Anja Traeger
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Johannes C Brendel
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
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6
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Du J, Wan Z, Wang C, Lu F, Wei M, Wang D, Hao Q. Designer exosomes for targeted and efficient ferroptosis induction in cancer via chemo-photodynamic therapy. Theranostics 2021; 11:8185-8196. [PMID: 34373736 PMCID: PMC8344009 DOI: 10.7150/thno.59121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Efficient and specific induction of cell death in liver cancer is urgently needed. In this study, we aimed to design an exosome-based platform to deliver ferroptosis inducer (Erastin, Er) and photosensitizer (Rose Bengal, RB) into tumor tissues with high specificity. Methods: Exosome donor cells (HEK293T) were transfected with control or CD47-overexpressing plasmid. Exosomes were isolated and loaded with Er and RB via sonication method. Hepa1-6 cell xenograft C57BL/6 model was injected with control and engineered exosomes via tail vein. In vivo distribution of the injected exosomes was analyzed via tracking the fluorescence labeled exosomes. Photodynamic therapy was conducted by 532 nm laser irradiation. The therapeutic effects on hepatocellular carcinoma and toxic side-effects were systemically analyzed. Results: CD47 was efficiently loaded on the exosomes from the donor cells when CD47 was forced expressed by transfection. CD47 surface functionalization (ExosCD47) made the exosomes effectively escape the phagocytosis of mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS), and thus increased the distribution in tumor tissues. Erastin and RB could be effectively encapsulated into exosomes after sonication, and the drug-loaded exosomes (Er/RB@ExosCD47) strongly induced ferroptosis both in vitro and in vivo in tumor cells after irradiation of 532 nm laser. Moreover, compared with the control exosomes (Er/RB@ExosCtrl), Er/RB@ExosCD47 displayed much lower toxicity in liver. Conclusion: The engineered exosomes composed of CD47, Erastin, and Rose Bengal, induce obvious ferroptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with minimized toxicity in liver and kidney. The proposed exosomes would provide a promising strategy to treat types of malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbing Du
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Biotechnology Center, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Zhuo Wan
- Department of Hematology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, China
| | - Fan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengying Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Desheng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Qiang Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Biotechnology Center, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
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7
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Werner JA, Davies R, Wahlstrom J, Dahal UP, Jiang M, Stauber J, David B, Siska W, Thomas B, Ishida K, Humphreys WG, Lipford JR, Monticello TM. Mercapturate pathway metabolites of sotorasib, a covalent inhibitor of KRAS G12C, are associated with renal toxicity in the Sprague Dawley rat. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 423:115578. [PMID: 34004237 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Sotorasib is a first-in class KRASG12C covalent inhibitor in clinical development for the treatment of tumors with the KRAS p.G12C mutation. In the nonclinical toxicology studies of sotorasib, the kidney was identified as a target organ of toxicity in the rat but not the dog. Renal toxicity was characterized by degeneration and necrosis of the proximal tubular epithelium localized to the outer stripe of the outer medulla (OSOM), which suggested that renal metabolism was involved. Here, we describe an in vivo mechanistic rat study designed to investigate the time course of the renal toxicity and sotorasib metabolites. Renal toxicity was dose- and time-dependent, restricted to the OSOM, and the morphologic features progressed from vacuolation and necrosis to regeneration of tubular epithelium. The renal toxicity correlated with increases in renal biomarkers of tubular injury. Using mass spectrometry and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization, a strong temporal and spatial association between renal toxicity and mercapturate pathway metabolites was observed. The rat is reported to be particularly susceptible to the formation of nephrotoxic metabolites via this pathway. Taken together, the data presented here and the literature support the hypothesis that sotorasib-related renal toxicity is mediated by a toxic metabolite derived from the mercapturate and β-lyase pathway. Our understanding of the etiology of the rat specific renal toxicity informs the translational risk assessment for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Werner
- Amgen Research, Translational Safety and Bioanalytical Sciences, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA.
| | - Rhian Davies
- Amgen Research, Translational Safety and Bioanalytical Sciences, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Jan Wahlstrom
- Amgen Research, Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Upendra P Dahal
- Amgen Research, Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Min Jiang
- Amgen Research, Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - William Siska
- Amgen Research, Translational Safety and Bioanalytical Sciences, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | | | - Katsu Ishida
- Amgen Research, Translational Safety and Bioanalytical Sciences, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Thomas M Monticello
- Amgen Research, Translational Safety and Bioanalytical Sciences, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
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8
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Wei MX, Yu JY, Liu XX, Li XQ, Zhang MW, Yang PW, Yang JH. Synthesis of artemisinin-piperazine-furan ether hybrids and evaluation of in vitro cytotoxic activity. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 215:113295. [PMID: 33636536 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
For the first time, eight novel artemisinin-piperazine-furane ether hybrids (5a-h) were efficiently synthesized and investigated for their in vitro cytotoxic activity against some human cancer and benign cells. The absolute configuration of hybrid 5c was determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis. Hybrids 5a-h exhibited more pronounced growth-inhibiting action on hepatocarcinoma cell lines than their parent dihydroartemisinin (DHA) and the reference cytosine arabinoside (ARA). The hybrid 5a showed the best cytotoxic activity against human hepatocarcinoma cells SMMC-7721 (IC50 = 0.26 ± 0.03 μM) after 24 h. Furthermore, hybrid 5a also showed good cytotoxic activity against human breast cancer cells MCF-7 and low cytotoxicity against human breast benign cells MCF-10A in vitro. We found the cytotoxicity of hybrid 5a did not change when tumour cells absorb iron sulfate (FeSO4); thus, we conclude the anti-tumour mechanism induced by iron ions (Fe2+) is unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Xue Wei
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia Engineering Research Center for Natural Medicine, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, 489 Helanshan West Road, Yinchuan, 750021, China.
| | - Jia-Ying Yu
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia Engineering Research Center for Natural Medicine, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, 489 Helanshan West Road, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Xin-Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia Engineering Research Center for Natural Medicine, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, 489 Helanshan West Road, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Xue-Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia Engineering Research Center for Natural Medicine, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, 489 Helanshan West Road, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Meng-Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia Engineering Research Center for Natural Medicine, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, 489 Helanshan West Road, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Pei-Wen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia Engineering Research Center for Natural Medicine, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, 489 Helanshan West Road, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Jin-Hui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia Engineering Research Center for Natural Medicine, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, 489 Helanshan West Road, Yinchuan, 750021, China
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9
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Kagota S, Morikawa K, Ishida H, Chimoto J, Maruyama-Fumoto K, Yamada S, Shinozuka K. Vasorelaxant effects of benzodiazepines, non-benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotics, and tandospirone on isolated rat arteries. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 892:173744. [PMID: 33220270 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Benzodiazepines (BDZs) and non-BDZ sedative-hypnotics are effective for the management of chronic insomnia; however, they are associated with adverse effects such as headache, dizziness, and palpitations. Furthermore, long-term use of these medications is associated with decreased blood pressure (BP) or depressed baroreflex function. Therefore, here, we assessed whether BDZs and non-BDZs cause vasorelaxation directly. Vasorelaxation in response to 22 BDZs, 2 non-BDZs, and tandospirone was determined by myograph methods using isolated Wistar rat thoracic aortas. All the drugs relaxed phenylephrine-contracted rat aortas in a concentration-dependent manner. Zolpidem and tandospirone caused over 80% relaxation at a concentration of 10 μM; diazepam, estazolam, etizolam, and tofisopam caused 60-70% relaxation; whereas 18 other BDZs (alprazolam, bromazepam, brotizolam, chlordiazepoxide, clobazam, clonazepam, clorazepate, ethyl loflazepate, flunitrazepam, flurazepam, lorazepam, lormetazepam, midazolam, nimetazepam, nitrazepam, oxazepam, temazepam, and triazolam) and zaleplon caused less than 50% relaxation. The relaxation was partially but significantly inhibited to the same extent by a nitric oxide (NO) synthase antagonist and after endothelium removal. Binding assay of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors was performed using [3H]flunitrazepam. No correlation was observed between vasorelaxation at a concentration of 10 μM and the binding affinities for 23 drugs. The study demonstrated that zaleplon, zolpidem, tandospirone, and many BDZs cause vasorelaxation to different extents via endothelial NO-dependent and endothelium-independent pathways. In conclusion, the direct vasodilatory effects of these drugs may be involved in the mechanisms underlying their adverse effects. Additionally, the decreased BP observed in persons who take BDZs or non-BDZs may be partly due to direct vasodilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Kagota
- Department of Pharmacology II, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Japan.
| | - Kana Morikawa
- Department of Pharmacology II, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Hirotake Ishida
- Center for Pharma-Food Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Junko Chimoto
- Center for Pharma-Food Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kana Maruyama-Fumoto
- Department of Pharmacology II, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Shizuo Yamada
- Center for Pharma-Food Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Shinozuka
- Department of Pharmacology II, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Japan
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Kucwaj-Brysz K, Latacz G, Podlewska S, Żesławska E, Handzlik J, Lubelska A, Satała G, Nitek W, Handzlik J. The relationship between stereochemical and both, pharmacological and ADME-Tox, properties of the potent hydantoin 5-HT 7R antagonist MF-8. Bioorg Chem 2020; 106:104466. [PMID: 33246603 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study concerns synthesis and evaluation of pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profile for all four stereoisomers of MF-8 (5-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-3-(4-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl)propyl)-5-methylimidazolidine-2,4-dione), the previously described, highly potent 5-HT7R ligand with antidepressant activity on mice. The combination of DFT calculations of 1H NMR chemical shifts with docking and dynamic simulations, in comparison to experimental screening results, provided prediction of the configuration for one of two present stereogenic centers. The experimental data for stereoisomers (MF-8A-MF-8D) confirmed the significant impact of stereochemistry on both, 5-HT7R affinity and antagonistic action, with Ki and Kb values in the range of 3-366 nM and 0.024-99 μM, respectively. We also indicated the stereochemistry-dependent influence of the tested compounds on P-glycoprotein efflux, absorption in Caco-2 model, metabolic pathway as well as CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kucwaj-Brysz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Gniewomir Latacz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Sabina Podlewska
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Żesławska
- Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Cracow, Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Kraków, Poland
| | - Jarosław Handzlik
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Kraków, Poland
| | - Annamaria Lubelska
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Satała
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Wojciech Nitek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Handzlik
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
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Hagiwara-Nagasawa M, Kambayashi R, Goto A, Nunoi Y, Izumi-Nakaseko H, Takei Y, Matsumoto A, Sugiyama A. Cardiohemodynamic and Arrhythmogenic Effects of the Anti-Atrial Fibrillatory Compound Vanoxerine in Halothane-Anesthetized Dogs. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2020; 21:206-215. [PMID: 33074476 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-020-09612-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
While vanoxerine (GBR-12909) is a synaptosomal dopamine uptake inhibitor, it also suppresses IKr, INa and ICa,L in vitro. Based on these profiles on ionic currents, vanoxerine has been developed as a candidate compound for treating atrial fibrillation. To investigate electropharmacological profiles, vanoxerine dihydrochloride was intravenously administered at 0.03 and 0.3 mg/kg to halothane-anesthetized dogs (n = 4), possibly providing subtherapeutic and therapeutic concentrations, respectively. The low dose increased the heart rate and cardiac output, whereas it prolonged the ventricular refractoriness. The high dose decreased the heart rate but increased the total peripheral vascular resistance, whereas it delayed the ventricular repolarization and increased the atrial refractoriness in addition to further enhancing the ventricular refractoriness. The extent of increase in the refractoriness in the atrium was 0.8 times of that in the ventricle. The high dose also prolonged the early and late repolarization periods of the ventricle as well as the terminal repolarization period. Meanwhile, no significant change was detected in the mean blood pressure, ventricular contraction, preload to the left ventricle, or the intra-atrial, intra-ventricular or atrioventricular conductions. The high dose can be considered to inhibit IKr, but it may not suppress INa or ICa in the in situ heart, partly explaining its poor atrial selectivity for increasing refractoriness. The prolongation of early repolarization period may reflect enhancement of net inward current, providing potential risk for intracellular Ca2+ overload. Thus, vanoxerine may provide both trigger and substrate toward torsade de pointes, which would make the drug less promising as an anti-atrial fibrillatory drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihoko Hagiwara-Nagasawa
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Toho University, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Kambayashi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Toho University, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan
| | - Ai Goto
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Toho University, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan
| | - Yoshio Nunoi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Toho University, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan
| | - Hiroko Izumi-Nakaseko
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Toho University, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Takei
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Toho University, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan
| | - Akio Matsumoto
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Aging Pharmacology, Toho University, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sugiyama
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Toho University, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan.
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Toho University, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan.
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Aging Pharmacology, Toho University, 5-21-16 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan.
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12
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Yabe S, Iwamoto N, Inokuchi T, Nara M, Saita C, Onishi M, Goto R, Yonekura R, Ishiba T, Honda Y, Miyamoto H, Aruga T. [A Case Report on the Effectiveness of Olaparib in a Patient with Recurrent Breast Cancer with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 2020; 47:1089-1092. [PMID: 32668858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A 43 -year-old woman presented to the hospital with a right breast tumor. She had been treated for human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)infection for 5 years. After being diagnosed with right breast cancer, she underwent total mastectomy and sentinel lymph node biopsy, which indicated T2N1M0 triple-negative breast cancer. She received doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide( AC)followed by docetaxel(AC-T)as postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. However, 14 months after the adjuvant chemotherapy finished, distant metastasis occurred in the brain, lung, and mediastinum lymph nodes. Treatment for relapse was initiated, with whole brain radiotherapy followed by paclitaxel plus bevacizumab combination therapy(PB); however, new metastatic lesions were found in the bone, liver, and mediastinum lymph node after 2 courses of PB. Given the risk of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome, a BRCAgene test was performed when the patient received radiotherapy for left recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis caused by mediastinal lymph nodes; this showed a result positive for a deleterious mutation in BRCA1. Thus, treatment with olaparib, a poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase(PARP)inhibitor, was started. Metastatic lesions, including barky growth, in the liver metastasis were well controlled, as confirmed by CT imaging 4 months after the start of olaparib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakiko Yabe
- Dept. of Breast Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital
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13
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Wang D, Yang H, Liang Y, Wang X, Du X, Li R, Jiang Y, Ye J. Antinociceptive Effect of Spirocyclopiperazinium Salt Compound DXL-A-24 and the Underlying Mechanism. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:2786-2795. [PMID: 31691883 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02899-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The antinociceptive effects of spirocyclopiperazinium salt compound DXL-A-24 on neuropathic pain and chemical-stimulated pain were investigated in this study. After the administration of DXL-A-24, the paw withdrawal latency (PWL) and mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) were increased in rats suffering from neuropathic pain (chronic constriction injury, CCI) on days 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14 after surgery, and pain responses were inhibited in mice stimulated with chemicals (formalin or acetic acid). In the analysis of antinociceptive targets, the effect of DXL-A-24 was blocked by a peripheral nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist (hexamethonium, Hex) or α7 nAChR antagonist (methyllycaconitine, MLA) in the formalin test. Meanwhile, the effect of DXL-A-24 was also blocked by a peripheral muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) antagonist (atropine methylnitrate, Amn) or M4 mAChR antagonist (tropicamide, TRO). The antinociceptive signalling pathway was explored using molecular biology methods in ipsilateral dorsal root ganglions (DRGs) of CCI rats after the administration of DXL-A-24 for 7 days. Western blot analyses showed that the increased levels of phosphorylation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II alpha (CaMKIIα) and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) were eliminated, and the qRT-PCR assay showed that the increase in the expression of Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) mRNA was reduced. Meanwhile, immunofluorescence staining revealed that the increase in calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) expression was inhibited by the administration of DXL-A-24, and the effect was blocked by MLA or TRO. In conclusion, DXL-A-24 exerts significant antinociceptive effects on neuropathic pain and chemical-stimulated pain. The antinociceptive effect of DXL-A-24 is probably attributed to the activation of peripheral α7 nAChR and M4 mAChR, the subsequent inhibition of the CaMKIIα/CREB signalling pathway, and finally the inhibition of TNF-α and CGRP expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Yingying Liang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolei Du
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Runtao Li
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yimin Jiang
- Medical and Healthy Analysis Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Ye
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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14
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Weber J, Bollepalli L, Belenguer AM, Antonio MD, De Mitri N, Joseph J, Balasubramanian S, Hunter CA, Bohndiek SE. An Activatable Cancer-Targeted Hydrogen Peroxide Probe for Photoacoustic and Fluorescence Imaging. Cancer Res 2019; 79:5407-5417. [PMID: 31455691 PMCID: PMC7611383 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-0691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species play an important role in cancer, however, their promiscuous reactivity, low abundance, and short-lived nature limit our ability to study them in real time in living subjects with conventional noninvasive imaging methods. Photoacoustic imaging is an emerging modality for in vivo visualization of molecular processes with deep tissue penetration and high spatiotemporal resolution. Here, we describe the design and synthesis of a targeted, activatable probe for photoacoustic imaging, which is responsive to one of the major and abundant reactive oxygen species, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). This bifunctional probe, which is also detectable with fluorescence imaging, is composed of a heptamethine carbocyanine dye scaffold for signal generation, a 2-deoxyglucose cancer localization moiety, and a boronic ester functionality that specifically detects and reacts to H2O2. The optical properties of the probe were characterized using absorption, fluorescence, and photoacoustic measurements; upon addition of pathophysiologic H2O2 concentrations, a clear increase in fluorescence and red-shift of the absorption and photoacoustic spectra were observed. Studies performed in vitro showed no significant toxicity and specific uptake of the probe into the cytosol in breast cancer cell lines. Importantly, intravenous injection of the probe led to targeted uptake and accumulation in solid tumors, which enabled noninvasive photoacoustic and fluorescence imaging of H2O2. In conclusion, the reported probe shows promise for the in vivo visualization of hydrogen peroxide. SIGNIFICANCE: This study presents the first activatable and cancer-targeted hydrogen peroxide probe for photoacoustic molecular imaging, paving the way for visualization of hydrogen peroxide at high spatiotemporal resolution in living subjects.Graphical Abstract: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/79/20/5407/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Weber
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Bollepalli
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ana M Belenguer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Di Antonio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola De Mitri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - James Joseph
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Shankar Balasubramanian
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sarah E Bohndiek
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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15
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Abbasi MA, Nazeer MM, Rehman A, Siddiqui SZ, Hussain G, Shah SAA, Ahmad I, Shahid M, Sarwar MS. Synthesis of 2-Furyl[(4-aralkyl)-1-piperazinyl]methanone derivatives as suitable antibacterial agents with mild cytotoxicity. Pak J Pharm Sci 2018; 31:2477-2485. [PMID: 30473521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present research work was synthesis of some 2-furyl[(4-aralkyl)-1-piperazinyl]methanone derivatives and to ascertain their antibacterial potential. The cytotoxicity of these molecules was also checked to find out their utility as possible therapeutic agents. The synthesis was initiated by reacting furyl(-1-piperazinyl)methanone (1) in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and lithium hydride with different aralkyl halides (2a-j) to afford 2-furyl[(4-aralkyl)-1-piperazinyl]methanone derivatives (3a-j). The structural confirmation of all the synthesized compounds was done by IR, EI-MS, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectral techniques and through elemental analysis. The results of in vitro antibacterial activity of all the synthesized compounds were screened against Gram-negative (S. typhi, E. coli, P. aeruginosa) and Gram-positive (B. subtilis, S. aureus) bacteria and were found to be decent inhibitors. Amongst the synthesized molecules, 3e showed lowest minimum inhibitory concentration MIC = 7.52±0.μg/mL against S. Typhi, credibly due to the presence of 2-bromobenzyl group, relative to the reference standard, ciprofloxacin, having MIC = 7.45±0.58μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Azizur Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Ghulam Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Syed Adnan-Ali Shah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia / Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Products Discovery (AuRIns), Level 9, FF3, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Irshad Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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16
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Nikolić-Kokić A, Tatalović N, Nestorov J, Mijović M, Mijusković A, Miler M, Oreščanin-Dušić Z, Nikolić M, Milošević V, Blagojević D, Spasić M, Miljević Č. Clozapine, ziprasidone, and sertindole-induced morphological changes in the rat heart and their relationship to antioxidant enzymes function. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2018; 81:844-853. [PMID: 30036154 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2018.1495587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Atypical antipsychotics produce severe side effects including myocarditis that may be attributed to oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of clozapine, ziprasidone, and sertindole on rat heart morphology and determine whether redox imbalane plays a role in development of histopathological changes. Adult 3-month-old male Wistar rats were treated with recommended daily dose for selected drugs. After 4 week treatment histopathological analysis of the heart was performed and expression and activity of antioxidant enzymes determined. All examined drugs induced histopathological changes that were characterized as toxic myocarditis. Degenerative changes in cardiomyocytes were accompanied by lymphocytic infiltration as well as pericardial histopathological alterations in all treated groups. The least prominent changes were observed in sertindole-treated animals, and most severe with clozapine. Clozapine increased superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) activity while ziprasidone reduced glutathione reductase (GR) activity. Sertindole exerted no marked effect on antioxidant enzyme function in the heart even though myocardial degeneration was noted. In conclusion, treatment with clozapine or ziprasidone induced pathophysiological alterations in rat heart, which appeared to be associated disturbances in antioxidant capacity. Abbreviation: AAP, Atypical antipsychotics; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SOD1, Copper-zinc superoxide dismutase; SOD2, Manganese superoxide dismutase; CAT, Catalase; GPx, Glutathione peroxidase; GR, Glutathione reductase; H&E, hematoxylin and eosin stain; TNF- α, tumor necrosis factor alpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Nikolić-Kokić
- a Department of Physiology , Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Nikola Tatalović
- a Department of Physiology , Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Jelena Nestorov
- b Department of Biochemistry , Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Milica Mijović
- c Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Priština , Kosovska Mitrovica , Serbia
| | - Ana Mijusković
- a Department of Physiology , Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Marko Miler
- d Department of Cytology , Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Zorana Oreščanin-Dušić
- a Department of Physiology , Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Milan Nikolić
- e Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Verica Milošević
- d Department of Cytology , Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Duško Blagojević
- a Department of Physiology , Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Mihajlo Spasić
- a Department of Physiology , Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Čedo Miljević
- f Institute of Mental Health, School of Medicine , University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
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17
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Zhang N, Zhang L, Feng L, Yao L. Cananga odorata essential oil reverses the anxiety induced by 1-(3-chlorophenyl) piperazine through regulating the MAPK pathway and serotonin system in mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2018; 219:23-30. [PMID: 29545208 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cananga odorata essential oil, known as ylang-ylang essential oil (YYO), was commonly used in the aromatherapy for relaxation and mood adjusting use. In our previous study, YYO played anxiolytic effects on the mice in several behavioral tests that based on the instinctive responses to novel environments. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the effects and mechanisms of YYO reversing the anxiety induced by 5-HT2C receptor agonist 1-(3-chlorophenyl) piperazine (m-CPP). MATERIALS AND METHODS m-CPP was administrated to the male ICR mice to develop an anxiety model. The anxiolytic effect of YYO (0.1%, 1% and 10%, v/v) was evaluated in the elevated plus maze (EPM) test after odor exposure. Western blot was used to detect the phosphorylation levels of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and the expression of c-Fos in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus after the EPM test. Serotonin and its metabolite change in the brain were detected by liquid chromatogram with an electrochemical detector. The effect of YYO on the plasma corticosterone level was evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) after the odor exposure. RESULTS The behavior analysis showed that m-CPP (2 mg/kg and 4 mg/kg) could induce anxiety behaviors in the mice while diazepam (2 mg/kg) reversed the anxiety behavior induced by m-CPP. YYO dose-dependently increased the time and number of entries in the open arms (p < 0.05) compared to the Tween 80 group. YYO reduced the phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2 (p < 0.05) in both PFC and hippocampus. Down-regulations of phosphor-CREB (p < 0.05) and c-Fos (p < 0.05) were only observed in the hippocampus. YYO also affected the brain serotonin metabolism and reduced the blood plasma corticosterone level of the m-CPP treated mice. CONCLUSION YYO odor exposure could reverse the anxiety behaviors generated by m-CPP. The anxiolytic effect of YYO was associated with the ERK1/2/CREB pathway in the hippocampus and relevant to the serotonin system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, China.
| | - Linyin Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lei Yao
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai, China.
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18
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Baba Y, Higa JK, Shimada BK, Horiuchi KM, Suhara T, Kobayashi M, Woo JD, Aoyagi H, Marh KS, Kitaoka H, Matsui T. Protective effects of the mechanistic target of rapamycin against excess iron and ferroptosis in cardiomyocytes. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 314:H659-H668. [PMID: 29127238 PMCID: PMC5899260 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00452.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Clinical studies have suggested that myocardial iron is a risk factor for left ventricular remodeling in patients after myocardial infarction. Ferroptosis has recently been reported as a mechanism of iron-dependent nonapoptotic cell death. However, ferroptosis in the heart is not well understood. Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) protects the heart against pathological stimuli such as ischemia. To define the role of cardiac mTOR on cell survival in iron-mediated cell death, we examined cardiomyocyte (CM) cell viability under excess iron and ferroptosis conditions. Adult mouse CMs were isolated from cardiac-specific mTOR transgenic mice, cardiac-specific mTOR knockout mice, or control mice. CMs were treated with ferric iron [Fe(III)]-citrate, erastin, a class 1 ferroptosis inducer, or Ras-selective lethal 3 (RSL3), a class 2 ferroptosis inducer. Live/dead cell viability assays revealed that Fe(III)-citrate, erastin, and RSL3 induced cell death. Cotreatment with ferrostatin-1, a ferroptosis inhibitor, inhibited cell death in all conditions. mTOR overexpression suppressed Fe(III)-citrate, erastin, and RSL3-induced cell death, whereas mTOR deletion exaggerated cell death in these conditions. 2',7'-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production showed that erastin-induced ROS production was significantly lower in mTOR transgenic versus control CMs. These findings suggest that ferroptosis is a significant type of cell death in CMs and that mTOR plays an important role in protecting CMs against excess iron and ferroptosis, at least in part, by regulating ROS production. Understanding the effects of mTOR in preventing iron-mediated cell death will provide a new therapy for patients with myocardial infarction. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Ferroptosis has recently been reported as a new form of iron-dependent nonapoptotic cell death. However, ferroptosis in the heart is not well characterized. Using cultured adult mouse cardiomyocytes, we demonstrated that the mechanistic target of rapamycin plays an important role in protecting cardiomyocytes against excess iron and ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Baba
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa , Honolulu, Hawaii
- Department of Cardiology and Geriatrics, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University , Kochi , Japan
| | - Jason K Higa
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa , Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Briana K Shimada
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa , Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Kate M Horiuchi
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa , Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Tomohiro Suhara
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa , Honolulu, Hawaii
- Department of Anesthesiology, Keio University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Motoi Kobayashi
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa , Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Jonathan D Woo
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa , Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Hiroko Aoyagi
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa , Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Karra S Marh
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa , Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Hiroaki Kitaoka
- Department of Cardiology and Geriatrics, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University , Kochi , Japan
| | - Takashi Matsui
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa , Honolulu, Hawaii
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19
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Abstract
Flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1) is a structure selective endonuclease required for proficient DNA replication and the repair of DNA damage. Cellularly active inhibitors of this enzyme have previously been shown to induce a DNA damage response and, ultimately, cell death. High-throughput screens of human cancer cell-lines identify colorectal and gastric cell-lines with microsatellite instability (MSI) as enriched for cellular sensitivity to N-hydroxyurea series inhibitors of FEN1, but not the PARP inhibitor olaparib or other inhibitors of the DNA damage response. This sensitivity is due to a synthetic lethal interaction between FEN1 and MRE11A, which is often mutated in MSI cancers through instabilities at a poly(T) microsatellite repeat. Disruption of ATM is similarly synthetic lethal with FEN1 inhibition, suggesting that disruption of FEN1 function leads to the accumulation of DNA double-strand breaks. These are likely a result of the accumulation of aberrant replication forks, that accumulate as a consequence of a failure in Okazaki fragment maturation, as inhibition of FEN1 is toxic in cells disrupted for the Fanconi anemia pathway and post-replication repair. Furthermore, RAD51 foci accumulate as a consequence of FEN1 inhibition and the toxicity of FEN1 inhibitors increases in cells disrupted for the homologous recombination pathway, suggesting a role for homologous recombination in the resolution of damage induced by FEN1 inhibition. Finally, FEN1 appears to be required for the repair of damage induced by olaparib and cisplatin within the Fanconi anemia pathway, and may play a role in the repair of damage associated with its own disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A. Ward
- AstraZeneca, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, Oncology Bioscience, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, United Kingdom
- Department of Oncology, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (TAW); (STD)
| | - Peter J. McHugh
- Department of Oncology, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen T. Durant
- AstraZeneca, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, Oncology Bioscience, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, United Kingdom
- AstraZeneca, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, Oncology Bioscience, Little Chesterford, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (TAW); (STD)
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20
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McMahon M, Frangova TG, Henderson CJ, Wolf CR. Olaparib, Monotherapy or with Ionizing Radiation, Exacerbates DNA Damage in Normal Tissues: Insights from a New p21 Reporter Mouse. Mol Cancer Res 2016; 14:1195-1203. [PMID: 27604276 PMCID: PMC5136472 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-16-0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Many drugs targeting the DNA damage response are being developed as anticancer therapies, either as single agents or in combination with ionizing radiation (IR) or other cytotoxic agents. Numerous clinical trials in this area are either in progress or planned. However, concerns remain about the potential of such treatments to increase toxicity to normal tissues. In order to address this issue, a novel reporter mouse line was created through the simultaneous incorporation of multiple reporters, β-galactosidase, and firefly luciferase, into the DNA damage-inducible p21 (CDKN1A) locus. The data demonstrate that in situ β-galactosidase staining facilitates high fidelity mapping of p21 expression across multiple organs and tissues at single-cell resolution, whereas the luciferase reporter permits noninvasive bioluminescent imaging of p21 expression. This model was used to determine the capacity of a number of DNA-damaging agents, including IR, cisplatin, and etoposide to induce p21 expression in normal tissues. In addition, the PARP inhibitor olaparib was examined alone or in combination with IR as well as cisplatin. A single exposure to olaparib alone caused DNA damage to cells in the mucosal layer lining mouse large intestine. It also exacerbated DNA damage induced in this organ and the kidney by coadministered IR. These studies suggest that olaparib has carcinogenic potential and illustrate the power of this new model to evaluate the safety of new therapeutic regimens involving combination therapies. IMPLICATIONS Olaparib causes DNA damage to normal tissues and might be a carcinogen. Mol Cancer Res; 14(12); 1195-203. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael McMahon
- University of Dundee, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, United Kingdom
| | - Tania G Frangova
- University of Dundee, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, United Kingdom
| | - Colin J Henderson
- University of Dundee, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, United Kingdom
| | - C Roland Wolf
- University of Dundee, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, United Kingdom.
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21
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Bissel P, Boes K, Hinckley J, Jortner BS, Magnin-Bissel G, Werre SR, Ehrich M, Carbo A, Philipson C, Hontecillas R, Philipson N, Gandour RD, Bassaganya-Riera J. Exploratory Studies With BT-11: A Proposed Orally Active Therapeutic for Crohn's Disease. Int J Toxicol 2016; 35:521-9. [PMID: 27230993 PMCID: PMC5033715 DOI: 10.1177/1091581816646356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Lanthionine synthetase cyclase-like receptor 2 (LANCL2) is a novel therapeutic target for Crohn's disease (CD). BT-11 is a small molecule that binds LANCL2, is orally active, and has demonstrated therapeutic efficacy in 3 validated mouse models of colitis at doses as low as 8 mg/kg/d. Exploratory experiments evaluated BT-11 in male Harlan Sprague Dawley rats with a single oral dose of 500 mg/kg and 80 mg/kg/d for 14 days (n = 10 rats dosed/group). Treated and control rats were observed for behavioral detriments, and blood and tissues were collected for clinical pathology and histopathological examination. A functional observational battery demonstrated no differences between treated and control groups over multiple times of observation for quantal, categorical, and continuous end points, including posture, in cage activity, approach, response to touch, weight, grip strength, body temperature, and time on a rotarod. Histopathological examination of the brain, kidney, liver, adrenal gland, testes, stomach, small and large intestines, duodenum, pancreas, heart, lungs, spleen, thymus, and rib found no significant differences between the groups. Plasma enzymes associated with liver function were transiently elevated 2 to 4 days after the 500 mg/kg single dose but returned to normal values by 8 days and were not observed at any time in rats given 80 mg/kg/d for 14 days. One hour after oral administration of a single dose of 80 mg/kg, BT-11 had a maximal concentration of 21 ng/mL; the half-life was 3 hours. These experimental results demonstrated that BT-11 is well tolerated in rats, and, with further testing, may hold promise as an orally active therapeutic for CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Bissel
- Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Katie Boes
- Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Jonathan Hinckley
- Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Bernard S Jortner
- Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | | | - Stephen R Werre
- Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Marion Ehrich
- Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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22
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Liu M, Feng LX, Sun P, Liu W, Wu WY, Jiang BH, Yang M, Hu LH, Guo DA, Liu X. A Novel Bufalin Derivative Exhibited Stronger Apoptosis-Inducing Effect than Bufalin in A549 Lung Cancer Cells and Lower Acute Toxicity in Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159789. [PMID: 27459387 PMCID: PMC4961401 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BF211 is a synthetic molecule derived from bufalin (BF). The apoptosis-inducing effect of BF211 was stronger than that of BF while the acute toxicity of BF211 was much lower than that of BF. BF211 exhibited promising concentration-dependent anti-cancer effects in nude mice inoculated with A549 cells in vivo. The growth of A549 tumor xenografts was almost totally blocked by treatment with BF211 at 6 mg/kg. Notably, BF and BF211 exhibited differences in their binding affinity and kinetics to recombinant proteins of the α subunits of Na+/K+-ATPase. Furthermore, there was a difference in the effects of BF or BF211 on inhibiting the activity of porcine cortex Na+/K+-ATPase and in their time-dependent effects on intracellular Ca2+ levels in A549 cells. The time-dependent effects of BF or BF211 on the activation of Src, which was mediated by the Na+/K+-ATPase signalosome, in A549 cells were also different. Both BF and BF211 could induce apoptosis-related cascades, such as activation of caspase-3 and the cleavage of PARP (poly ADP-ribose polymerase) in A549 cells, in a concentration-dependent manner; however, the effects of BF211 on apoptosis-related cascades was stronger than that of BF. The results of the present study supported the importance of binding to the Na+/K+-ATPase α subunits in the mechanism of cardiac steroids and also suggested the possibility of developing new cardiac steroids with a stronger anti-cancer activity and lower toxicity as new anti-cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Li-Xing Feng
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Peng Sun
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Wang Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Wan-Ying Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Bao-Hong Jiang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Min Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Li-Hong Hu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (LH); (DG); (XL)
| | - De-An Guo
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (LH); (DG); (XL)
| | - Xuan Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (LH); (DG); (XL)
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23
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Tegg RS, Shabala S, Cuin TA, Wilson CR. Mechanisms of thaxtomin A-induced root toxicity revealed by a thaxtomin A sensitive Arabidopsis mutant (ucu2-2/gi-2). Plant Cell Rep 2016; 35:347-356. [PMID: 26518425 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-015-1888-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis mutant ( ucu2 - 2/gi - 2 ) is thaxtomin A, isoxaben and NPA-sensitive indicated by root growth and ion flux responses providing new insights into these compounds mode of action and interactions. Thaxtomin A (TA) is a cellulose biosynthetic inhibitor (CBI) that promotes plant cell hypertrophy and cell death. Electrophysiological analysis of steady-state K(+) and Ca(2+) fluxes in Arabidopsis thaliana roots pretreated with TA for 24 h indicated a disturbance in the regulation of ion movement across the plant cell membrane. The observed inability to control solute movement, recorded in rapidly growing meristematic and elongation root zones, may partly explain typical root toxicity responses to TA treatment. Of note, the TA-sensitive mutant (ucu2-2/gi-2) was more susceptible with K(+) and Ca(2+) fluxes altered between 1.3 and eightfold compared to the wild-type control where fluxes altered between 1.2 and threefold. Root growth inhibition assays showed that the ucu2-2/gi-2 mutant had an increased sensitivity to the auxin 2,4-D, but not IAA or NAA; it also had increased sensitivity to the auxin efflux transport inhibitor, 1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA), but not 2,3,5- Triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA), when compared to the WT. The NPA sensitivity data were supported by electrophysiological analysis of H(+) fluxes in the mature (but not elongation) root zone. Increased sensitivity to the CBI, isoxaben (IXB), but not dichlobenil was recorded. Increased sensitivity to both TA and IXB corresponded with higher levels of accumulation of these toxins in the root tissue, compared to the WT. Further root growth inhibition assays showed no altered sensitivity of ucu2-2/gi-2 to two other plant pathogen toxins, alternariol and fusaric acid. Identification of a TA-sensitive Arabidopsis mutant provides further insight into how this CBI toxin interacts with plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Tegg
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, 13 St. Johns Avenue, New Town, TAS, 7008, Australia.
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, 13 St. Johns Avenue, New Town, TAS, 7008, Australia
| | - Tracey A Cuin
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Platz 2, 97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Calum R Wilson
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, 13 St. Johns Avenue, New Town, TAS, 7008, Australia
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24
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Nikolić-Kokić A, Mijušković A, Tatalović N, Nestorov J, Miler M, Oreščanin-Dušić Z, Nikolić M, Milošević V, Blagojević D, Spasić M, Miljević Č. Effects of antipsychotic drug administration on antioxidative defense enzymes in male rat kidney. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2016; 79:905-911. [PMID: 27644343 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2016.1201706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of atypical antipsychotic drugs (APD) was reported to be associated with adverse effects on the kidneys. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine whether APD exerted their adverse effects by interfering with the renal antioxidant defense system. Male 3-mo-old Wistar rats were treated for 28 d with ziprasidone (ZIP), clozapine (CLO), or sertindole (SER) using a daily dose recommended for antipsychotic drug therapy. The expression and activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) type 1 and type 2, catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) activity were measured in the kidneys. Changes in the kidneys were also evaluated histologically. Ziprasidone, CLO, and SER reduced renal SOD type 1 and type 2 activities. Decreased CAT activity was observed only in SER-treated rats. An inhibition in GR activity and increased activity of GST was found only after treatment with CLO. Histological analysis showed dilatation of proximal tubules in kidneys with all three drugs. In conclusion, data indicate that redox disturbances may contribute to renal morphologic alterations in proximal tubules in rats treated with all APD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Nikolić-Kokić
- a Department of Physiology , Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković," University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Ana Mijušković
- a Department of Physiology , Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković," University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Nikola Tatalović
- a Department of Physiology , Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković," University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Jelena Nestorov
- b Department of Biochemistry , Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković," University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Marko Miler
- c Department of Cytology , Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković," University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Zorana Oreščanin-Dušić
- a Department of Physiology , Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković," University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Milan Nikolić
- d Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Verica Milošević
- c Department of Cytology , Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković," University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Duško Blagojević
- a Department of Physiology , Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković," University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Mihajlo Spasić
- a Department of Physiology , Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković," University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Čedo Miljević
- e Institute of Mental Health, School of Medicine , University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
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25
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Maharsy W, Aries A, Mansour O, Komati H, Nemer M. Ageing is a risk factor in imatinib mesylate cardiotoxicity. Eur J Heart Fail 2015; 16:367-76. [PMID: 24504921 PMCID: PMC4238824 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Chemotherapy-induced heart failure is increasingly recognized as a major clinical challenge. Cardiotoxicity of imatinib mesylate, a highly selective and effective anticancer drug belonging to the new class of tyrosine kinase inhibitors, is being reported in patients, some progressing to congestive heart failure. This represents an unanticipated challenge that could limit effective drug use. Understanding the mechanisms and risk factors of imatinib mesylate cardiotoxicity is crucial for prevention of cardiovascular complications in cancer patients. METHODS AND RESULTS We used genetically engineered mice and primary rat neonatal cardiomyocytes to analyse the action of imatinib on the heart. We found that treatment with imatinib (200 mg/kg/day for 5 weeks) leads to mitochondrial-dependent myocyte loss and cardiac dysfunction, as confirmed by electron microscopy, RNA analysis, and echocardiography. Imatinib cardiotoxicity was more severe in older mice, in part due to an age-dependent increase in oxidative stress. Mechanistically, depletion of the transcription factor GATA4 resulting in decreased levels of its prosurvival targets Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL was an underlying cause of imatinib toxicity. Consistent with this, GATA4 haploinsufficient mice were more susceptible to imatinib, and myocyte-specific up-regulation of GATA4 or Bcl-2 protected against drug-induced cardiotoxicity. CONCLUSION The results indicate that imatinib action on the heart targets cardiomyocytes and involves mitochondrial impairment and cell death that can be further aggravated by oxidative stress. This in turn offers a possible explanation for the current conflicting data regarding imatinib cardiotoxicity in cancer patients and suggests that cardiac monitoring of older patients receiving imatinib therapy may be especially warranted.
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MESH Headings
- Aging/physiology
- Animals
- Benzamides/toxicity
- Cardiotoxicity
- Echocardiography
- GATA4 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Imatinib Mesylate
- In Situ Nick-End Labeling
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Mitochondria, Heart/drug effects
- Mitochondria, Heart/metabolism
- Mitochondria, Heart/ultrastructure
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/ultrastructure
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Piperazines/toxicity
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/toxicity
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism
- Pyrimidines/toxicity
- Rats
- Risk Factors
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/chemically induced
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/diagnostic imaging
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/metabolism
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/pathology
- bcl-X Protein/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael Maharsy
- Molecular Genetics and Cardiac Regeneration Laboratory,
University of Ottawa, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and ImmunologyOttawa, Canada
| | - Anne Aries
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal
(IRCM)Montreal, Canada
- Institut de Recherche en Hématologie et
Transplantation (IRHT)Mulhouse, France
| | - Omar Mansour
- Molecular Genetics and Cardiac Regeneration Laboratory,
University of Ottawa, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and ImmunologyOttawa, Canada
| | - Hiba Komati
- Molecular Genetics and Cardiac Regeneration Laboratory,
University of Ottawa, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and ImmunologyOttawa, Canada
| | - Mona Nemer
- Molecular Genetics and Cardiac Regeneration Laboratory,
University of Ottawa, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and ImmunologyOttawa, Canada
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal
(IRCM)Montreal, Canada
- Corresponding author. Molecular Genetics and Cardiac Regeneration Laboratory,
University of Ottawa Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, 550 Cumberland (246),
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1N 6N5. Tel: +1 613 562 5270, Fax: +1 613 562 5271,
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26
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Pichler C, Filipič M, Kundi M, Rainer B, Knasmueller S, Mišík M. Assessment of genotoxicity and acute toxic effect of the imatinib mesylate in plant bioassays. Chemosphere 2014; 115:54-58. [PMID: 24560280 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Imatinib mesylate (IM) is at present one of the most widely used cytostatic drugs in developed countries but information on its ecotoxicological activities is scarce. This article describes the results of the first investigation in which genotoxic and acute toxic properties of the drug were studied in higher plants. IM was tested in two widely used plant bioassays namely in micronucleus (MN) assays with meiotic tetrad cells of Tradescantia (clone #4430) and in mitotic root tip cells of Allium cepa. Additionally, acute toxic effects (inhibition of cell division and growth of roots) were monitored in the onions. Furthermore, we studied the impact of the drug on the fertility of higher plants in pollen abortion experiments with three wildlife species (Chelidonium majus, Tradescantia palludosa and Arabidopsis thaliana). In MN assays with Tradesacantia a significant effect was seen with doses ⩾10μM; the Allium MN assay was even more sensitive (LOEL⩾1.0μM). A significant decrease of the mitotic indices was detected at levels ⩾10μM in the onions and reduction of root growth with ⩾100μM. In the pollen fertility assays clear effects were observed at doses ⩾147.3mgkg(-1). Data concerning the annual use of the drug in European countries (France, Germany, Slovenia) enable the calculation of the predicted environmental concentration (PEC) values which are in the range between 3.3 and 5.0ngL(-1). Although comparisons with the genotoxic potencies of other commonly used cytostatic drugs and with highly active heavy metal compounds show that IM is an extremely potent genotoxin in higher plants, it is evident that the environmental concentrations are ⩾5 orders of magnitude lower as the levels which are required to cause adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Pichler
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Metka Filipič
- National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 111, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Michael Kundi
- The Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Rainer
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Siegfried Knasmueller
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Miroslav Mišík
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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27
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Schmid D, Jarvis GE, Fay F, Small DM, Greene MK, Majkut J, Spence S, McLaughlin KM, McCloskey KD, Johnston PG, Kissenpfennig A, Longley DB, Scott CJ. Nanoencapsulation of ABT-737 and camptothecin enhances their clinical potential through synergistic antitumor effects and reduction of systemic toxicity. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1454. [PMID: 25299779 PMCID: PMC4649518 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The simultaneous delivery of multiple cancer drugs in combination therapies to achieve optimal therapeutic effects in patients can be challenging. This study investigated whether co-encapsulation of the BH3-mimetic ABT-737 and the topoisomerase I inhibitor camptothecin (CPT) in PEGylated polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) was a viable strategy for overcoming their clinical limitations and to deliver both compounds at optimal ratios. We found that thrombocytopenia induced by exposure to ABT-737 was diminished through its encapsulation in NPs. Similarly, CPT-associated leukopenia and gastrointestinal toxicity were reduced compared with the administration of free CPT. In addition to the reduction of dose-limiting side effects, the co-encapsulation of both anticancer compounds in a single NP produced synergistic induction of apoptosis in both in vitro and in vivo colorectal cancer models. This strategy may widen the therapeutic window of these and other drugs and may enhance the clinical efficacy of synergistic drug combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Schmid
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - G E Jarvis
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - F Fay
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - D M Small
- Centre for Infection and Immunity, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - M K Greene
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - J Majkut
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - S Spence
- Centre for Infection and Immunity, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - K M McLaughlin
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - K D McCloskey
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - P G Johnston
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - A Kissenpfennig
- Centre for Infection and Immunity, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - D B Longley
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - C J Scott
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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28
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Yamauchi T, Uzui K, Nishi R, Shigemi H, Ueda T. Gemtuzumab ozogamicin and olaparib exert synergistic cytotoxicity in CD33-positive HL-60 myeloid leukemia cells. Anticancer Res 2014; 34:5487-5494. [PMID: 25275045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO) consists of the cluster of differentiation 33 (CD33) antibody linked to calicheamicin. The binding of GO to the CD33 antigen on leukemic cells results in internalization and subsequent release of calicheamicin, thereby inducing DNA strand breaks. We hypothesized that the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor olaparib might inhibit DNA repair initiated by GO-induced DNA strand breaks, thereby increasing cytotoxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS The human myeloid leukemia cell line HL-60 and a GO-resistant variant (HL/GO20) were used. RESULTS The 50% growth-inhibitory concentrations (IC50) were 24 ng/ml for HL-60 cells and 550 ng/ml for GO-resistant variant HL/GO20 cells. HL/GO20 cells were also refractory to GO-induced apoptosis. CD33 positivity was reduced in HL/GO20 cells. Olaparib-alone did not inhibit the cell growth and did not induce apoptosis in either HL-60 cells or HL/GO20 cells at concentrations of up to 10 μM. When cells were treated with different concentrations of GO in the presence of 10 μM olaparib, the IC50 of GO for HL-60 cells was 13 ng/ml. The combination index was 0.86, indicating synergistic cytotoxicity of GO and olaparib in combination. Such a combination was ineffective for HL/GO20 cells. CONCLUSION GO and olaparib exerted synergistic cytotoxicity in CD33-positive myeloid leukemia cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Yamauchi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Fukui, Japan
| | - Kanako Uzui
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Fukui, Japan
| | - Rie Nishi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Fukui, Japan
| | - Hiroko Shigemi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Fukui, Japan
| | - Takanori Ueda
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Fukui, Japan
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Brezovšek P, Eleršek T, Filipič M. Toxicities of four anti-neoplastic drugs and their binary mixtures tested on the green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and the cyanobacterium Synechococcus leopoliensis. Water Res 2014; 52:168-77. [PMID: 24472702 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 12/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The residues of anti-neoplastic drugs are new and emerging pollutants in aquatic environments. This is not only because of their increasing use, but also because due to their mechanisms of action, they belong to a group of particularly dangerous compounds. However, information on their ecotoxicological properties is very limited. We tested the toxicities of four anti-neoplastic drugs with different mechanisms of action (5-fluorouracil [5-FU], cisplatin [CDDP], etoposide [ET], and imatinib mesylate [IM]), and some of their binary mixtures, against two phytoplankton species: the alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, and the cyanobacterium Synechococcus leopoliensis. These four drugs showed different toxic potential, and the two species examined also showed differences in their susceptibilities towards the tested drugs and their mixtures. With P. subcapitata, the most toxic of these drugs was 5-FU (EC50, 0.13 mg/L), followed by CDDP (EC50, 1.52 mg/L), IM (EC50, 2.29 mg/L), and the least toxic, ET (EC50, 30.43 mg/L). With S. leopoliensis, the most toxic was CDDP (EC50, 0.67 mg/L), followed by 5-FU (EC50, 1.20 mg/L) and IM (EC50, 5.36 mg/L), while ET was not toxic up to 351 mg/L. The toxicities of the binary mixtures tested (5-FU + CDDP, 5-FU + IM, CDDP + ET) were predicted by the concepts of 'concentration addition' and 'independent action', and are compared to the experimentally determined toxicities. The measured toxicity of 5-FU + CDDP with P. subcapitata and S. leopoliensis was higher than that predicted, while the measured toxicity of CDDP + ET with both species was lower than that predicted. The measured toxicity of 5-FU + IM with P. subcapitata was higher, and with S. leopoliensis was lower, than that predicted. These data show that these mixtures can have compound-specific and species-specific synergistic or antagonistic effects, and they suggest that single compound toxicity data are not sufficient for the prediction of the aquatic toxicities of such anticancer drug mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polona Brezovšek
- Ecological Engineering Institute, Ljubljanska 9, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Tina Eleršek
- Department for Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Metka Filipič
- Department for Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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30
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Garfield AS, Burke LK, Shaw J, Evans ML, Heisler LK. Distribution of cells responsive to 5-HT₆ receptor antagonist-induced hypophagia. Behav Brain Res 2014; 266:201-6. [PMID: 24566060 PMCID: PMC4003350 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The central 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT; serotonin) system is well established as an important regulator of appetite and continues to remain a focus of obesity research. While much emphasis has focussed on the 5-HT2C receptor (5-HT2CR) in 5-HT's anorectic effect, pharmacological manipulation of the 5-HT6 receptor (5-HT6R) also reduces appetite and body weight and may be amenable to obesity treatment. However, the neurological circuits that underlie 5-HT6R-induced hypophagia remain to be identified. Using c-fos immunoreactivity (FOS-IR) as a marker of neuronal activation, here we mapped the neuroanatomical targets activated by an anorectic dose of the 5-HT6R antagonist SB-399885 throughout the brain. Furthermore, we quantified SB-399855 activated cells within brain appetitive nuclei, the hypothalamus, dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) and nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS). Our results reveal that 5-HT6R antagonist-induced hypophagia is associated with significantly increased neuronal activation in two nuclei with an established role in the central control of appetite, the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) and the NTS. In contrast, no changes in FOS-IR were observed between treatment groups within other hypothalamic nuclei or DRN. The data presented here provide a first insight into the neural circuitry underlying 5-HT6R antagonist-induced appetite suppression and highlight the PVH and NTS in the coordination of 5-HT6R hypophagia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair S Garfield
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PD, UK; Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK.
| | - Luke K Burke
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PD, UK
| | - Jill Shaw
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PD, UK
| | - Mark L Evans
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Lora K Heisler
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PD, UK; Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, UK.
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31
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Weber K, Harper N, Schwabe J, Cohen G. BIM-mediated membrane insertion of the BAK pore domain is an essential requirement for apoptosis. Cell Rep 2013; 5:409-20. [PMID: 24120870 PMCID: PMC3898696 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BAK activation represents a key step during apoptosis, but how it converts into a mitochondria-permeabilizing pore remains unclear. By further delineating the structural rearrangements involved, we reveal that BAK activation progresses through a series of independent steps: BH3-domain exposure, N-terminal change, oligomerization, and membrane insertion. Employing a “BCL-XL-addiction” model, we show that neutralization of BCL-XL by the BH3 mimetic ABT-737 resulted in death only when cells were reconstituted with BCL-XL:BAK, but not BCL-2/ BCL-XL:BIM complexes. Although this resembles the indirect model, release of BAK from BCL-XL did not result in spontaneous adoption of the pore conformation. Commitment to apoptosis required association of the direct activator BIM with oligomeric BAK promoting its conversion to a membrane-inserted pore. The sequential nature of this cascade provides multiple opportunities for other BCL-2 proteins to interfere with or promote BAK activation and unites aspects of the indirect and direct activation models. A BH3 mimetic displaces BAK from BCL-XL consistent with the indirect activation model Released BAK undergoes a series of distinct independent conformational changes Oligomerization is not the final step in the activation cascade BIM promotes pre-pore-to-pore conversion supporting the “direct” activation model
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Weber
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Leicester, Hodgkin Building, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Nicholas Harper
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Leicester, Hodgkin Building, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - John Schwabe
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Henry Wellcome Building, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Gerald M. Cohen
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Leicester, Hodgkin Building, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Henry Wellcome Building, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
- Corresponding author
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32
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Temussi F, DellaGreca M, Pistillo P, Previtera L, Zarrelli A, Criscuolo E, Lavorgna M, Russo C, Isidori M. Sildenafil and tadalafil in simulated chlorination conditions: ecotoxicity of drugs and their derivatives. Sci Total Environ 2013; 463-464:366-373. [PMID: 23820010 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.05.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Chlorination experiments on two drugs (sildenafil and tadalafil) were performed mimicking the conditions of a typical wastewater treatment process. The main transformation products were isolated by chromatographic techniques (Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), Column Chromatography (CC), High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)) and fully characterized employing Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Mass Spectrometry (MS) analyses. The environmental effects of the parent compounds and transformation products were evaluated using an overall toxicity approach that considered aquatic acute and chronic toxicity on Brachionus calyciflorus and Ceriodaphnia dubia as well as mutagenesis and genotoxicity on bacterial strains. The results revealed that both parent drugs did not show high acute and chronic toxicity for the organisms utilized in the bioassays while, chronic exposure to chlorine derivatives caused inhibition of growth population on rotifers and crustaceans. A mutagenic potential was found for all the compounds investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Temussi
- UdR Napoli 4 INCA, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Università Federico II, Via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
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Papadopoulou MV, Bloomer WD, Rosenzweig HS, Kaiser M, Chatelain E, Ioset JR. Novel 3-nitro-1H-1,2,4-triazole-based piperazines and 2-amino-1,3-benzothiazoles as antichagasic agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:6600-7. [PMID: 24012457 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that 3-nitro-1H-1,2,4-triazole-based amines demonstrate significant trypanocidal activity, in particular against Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative parasite of Chagas disease. In the present work we further expanded our research by evaluating in vitro the trypanocidal activity of nitrotriazole-based piperazines and nitrotriazole-based 2-amino-1,3-benzothiazoles to establish additional SARs. All nitrotriazole-based derivatives were active or moderately active against T. cruzi; however two of them did not fulfill the selectivity criteria. Five derivatives were active or moderately active against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense while one derivative was moderately active against Leishmania donovani. Active compounds against T. cruzi demonstrated selectivity indexes (toxicity to host cells/toxicity to T. cruzi amastigotes) from 117 to 1725 and 12 of 13 compounds were up to 39-fold more potent than the reference compound benznidazole. Detailed SARs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Papadopoulou
- NorthShore University HealthSystem, Department of Radiation Medicine, 2650 Ridge Ave., Evanston, IL 60201, USA.
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34
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Schilling D, Düwel M, Molls M, Multhoff G. Radiosensitization of wildtype p53 cancer cells by the MDM2-inhibitor PXN727 is associated with altered heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) levels. Cell Stress Chaperones 2013; 18:183-91. [PMID: 22933182 PMCID: PMC3581627 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-012-0369-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Revised: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The oncoprotein MDM2 (murine double minute 2) is often overexpressed in human tumors and thereby attenuates the function of the tumor suppressor p53. In this study, we investigated the effects of the novel MDM2-inhibitor PXN727 on p53 activation, cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution and radiosensitivity. Since the localization of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) exerts different effects on radioresistance of tumor cells, we investigated the impact of PXN727 on intracellular, membrane, and secreted Hsp70 levels. We could show that PXN727 exerts its effects on wildtype p53 (HCT116 p53⁺/⁺, A549) but not p53 depleted (HCT116 p53⁻/⁻) or mutated (FaDu) tumor cells. PXN727 activates p53, induces the expression of p21, reduces the proportion of cells in the radioresistant S-phase and induces senescence. Radiosensitivity was significantly increased by PXN727 in HCT116 p53⁺/⁺ tumor cells. Furthermore, PXN727 causes a downregulation of Hsp70 membrane expression and an upregulated secretion of Hsp70 in wildtype p53 tumor cells. Our data suggest that re-activation of p53 by MDM2-inhibition modulates Hsp70 membrane expression and secretion which might contribute to the radiosensitizing effect of the MDM2-inhibitor PXN727.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Schilling
- />Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
- />CCG-Innate Immunity in Tumor Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Düwel
- />Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Molls
- />Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Gabriele Multhoff
- />Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
- />CCG-Innate Immunity in Tumor Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
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Poce G, Bates RH, Alfonso S, Cocozza M, Porretta GC, Ballell L, Rullas J, Ortega F, De Logu A, Agus E, La Rosa V, Pasca MR, De Rossi E, Wae B, Franzblau SG, Manetti F, Botta M, Biava M. Improved BM212 MmpL3 inhibitor analogue shows efficacy in acute murine model of tuberculosis infection. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56980. [PMID: 23437287 PMCID: PMC3578785 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
1,5-Diphenyl pyrroles were previously identified as a class of compounds endowed with high in vitro efficacy against M. tuberculosis. To improve the physical chemical properties and drug-like parameters of this class of compounds, a medicinal chemistry effort was undertaken. By selecting the optimal substitution patterns for the phenyl rings at N1 and C5 and by replacing the thiomorpholine moiety with a morpholine one, a new series of compounds was produced. The replacement of the sulfur with oxygen gave compounds with lower lipophilicity and improved in vitro microsomal stability. Moreover, since the parent compound of this family has been shown to target MmpL3, mycobacterial mutants resistant to two compounds have been isolated and characterized by sequencing the mmpL3 gene; all the mutants showed point mutations in this gene. The best compound identified to date was progressed to dose-response studies in an acute murine TB infection model. The resulting ED(99) of 49 mg/Kg is within the range of commonly employed tuberculosis drugs, demonstrating the potential of this chemical series. The in vitro and in vivo target validation evidence presented here adds further weight to MmpL3 as a druggable target of interest for anti-tubercular drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Poce
- Istituto Pasteur Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
- * E-mail: (GP); (MB)
| | - Robert H. Bates
- Diseases of the Developing World, Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, GlaxoSmithKline, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Salvatore Alfonso
- Istituto Pasteur Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - Martina Cocozza
- Istituto Pasteur Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - Giulio Cesare Porretta
- Istituto Pasteur Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - Lluís Ballell
- Diseases of the Developing World, Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, GlaxoSmithKline, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquin Rullas
- Diseases of the Developing World, Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, GlaxoSmithKline, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fátima Ortega
- Diseases of the Developing World, Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, GlaxoSmithKline, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alessandro De Logu
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Emanuela Agus
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Valentina La Rosa
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Rosalia Pasca
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Edda De Rossi
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Baojie Wae
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Scott G. Franzblau
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Fabrizio Manetti
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Maurizio Botta
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Mariangela Biava
- Istituto Pasteur Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
- * E-mail: (GP); (MB)
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Tran HTT, Kim HN, Lee IK, Nguyen-Pham TN, Ahn JS, Kim YK, Lee JJ, Park KS, Kook H, Kim HJ. Improved therapeutic effect against leukemia by a combination of the histone methyltransferase inhibitor chaetocin and the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A. J Korean Med Sci 2013; 28:237-46. [PMID: 23400519 PMCID: PMC3565135 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2013.28.2.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
SUV39H1 is a histone 3 lysine 9 (H3K9)-specific methyltransferase that is important for heterochromatin formation and the regulation of gene expression. Chaetocin specifically inhibits SUV39H1, resulted in H3K9 methylation reduction as well as reactivation of silenced genes in cancer cells. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors inhibit deacetylases and accumulate high levels of acetylation lead to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. In this study, we demonstrated that treatment with chaetocin enhanced apoptosis in human leukemia HL60, KG1, Kasumi, K562, and THP1 cells. In addition, chaetocin induced the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2B (p15), E-cadherin (CDH1) and frizzled family receptor 9 (FZD9) through depletion of SUV39H1 and reduced H3K9 methylation in their promoters. Co-treatment with chaetocin and HDAC inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) dramatically increased apoptosis and produced greater activation of genes. Furthermore, this combined treatment significantly increased loss of SUV39H1 and reduced histone H3K9 trimethylation responses accompanied by increased acetylation. Importantly, co-treatment with chaetocin and TSA produced potent antileukemic effects in leukemia cells derived from patients. These in vitro findings suggest that combination therapy with SUV39H1 and HDAC inhibitors may be of potential value in the treatment of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huong Thi Thanh Tran
- Genome Research Center for Hematopoietic Diseases, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Hee Nam Kim
- Genome Research Center for Hematopoietic Diseases, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Il-Kwon Lee
- Genome Research Center for Hematopoietic Diseases, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Thanh-Nhan Nguyen-Pham
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Jae-Sook Ahn
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Yeo-Kyeoung Kim
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Je-Jung Lee
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Kyeong-Soo Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Seonam University, Namwon, Korea
| | - Hoon Kook
- Environmental Health Center for Childhood Leukemia and Cancer, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Hyeoung-Joon Kim
- Genome Research Center for Hematopoietic Diseases, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
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37
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Kamal M, Shakya AK, Ahsan MJ, Jawaid T. Synthesis, anticonvulsant and neurotoxicity evaluation of some newer N-(2-benzoylbenzofuran-3-yl)-3-(substituted)-propanamide analogs. Cent Nerv Syst Agents Med Chem 2013; 13:159-165. [PMID: 24261837 DOI: 10.2174/1871524913666131122160828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A series of 12, N-(2-benzoylbenzofuran-3-yl)-3-(substituted)-propanamide analogs was designed and synthesized to meet the pharmacophore requirement essential for anticonvulsant activity. All the compounds were characterized by IR, (1)H NMR and mass spectral data followed by their anticonvulsant evaluation according to the Antiepileptic Drug Development Program (ADD) protocol. The present study has proved the hypothesis concerning the pharmacophore model with essential binding sites. N-(2-benzoylbenzofuran-3-yl)-3-(4-(2-fluorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl) propanamide, 6h was found to be the most active compound in both maximal electroshock seizure (MES) and subcutaneous metrazol (scMET) seizure test at 30 and100 mg/kg respectively at 0.5 and 4.0 h.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Talha Jawaid
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Dasauli, Kursi Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226 026, India.
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Xie P, Wang G, Zhang GS, Zhang L, Xu XQ, Guo L, Li JQ. [Synthesis and analgesic activities of phenyl piperazinyl aralkyl ketone derivatives]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 2012; 47:1511-1516. [PMID: 23387085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
To explore novel non-opioid analgesic agents, 16 compounds were synthesized and their structures were confirmed by 1H NMR and HR-MS. YX0611-1 was treated as the leading compound. The results of mice writhing model and hot plate model showed that compounds 2, 7, 8, 9, 11 and 15 had obvious analgesic activities in vivo. The test of affinity to mu, delta, kappa receptor displayed that active compounds didn't act on opioid receptor. The results of preliminary toxicity and pharmacokinetic tests showed that compound 7 had better safety and pharmacokinetic properties than that of YX0611-1, and it deserved further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xie
- Novel Technology Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 200437, China
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Nandi U, Roy B, Das AK, Pal TK. Correlation among the toxicity profiling (28-days repeated oral dose toxicity), toxicokinetics and tissue distribution data of ulifloxacin, the active metabolite of prulifloxacin in Wistar albino rats. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2012; 34:588-607. [PMID: 22885677 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2012.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This experiment was designed to investigate correlation among 28-days repeated oral dose toxicity, toxicokinetics and tissue distribution data of ulifloxacin (active metabolite of prulifloxacin) in Wistar albino rats. Prulifloxacin was administered for 28-days in rats at 0, 100, 200, 400mg/kg/day followed by 14-days recovery period. Simultaneously different toxicokinetic parameters and tissue distributions of ulifloxacin was examined by LC-MS/MS method. Plasma levels and tissue concentrations of ulifloxacin were increased with dose-related manner. Ulifloxacin was also distributed to many tissues, and concentration in lungs nearly equivalent to the plasma concentration. Based on these results it was concluded that long-term repeated dose of prulifloxacin may produce different blood parameters abnormality, liver damage, stomach ulcer, joint damage and dysfunction of lungs in rats which relates to high tissue distribution and accumulation of ulifloxacin in these tissues. These findings help in management of prulifloxacin induced adverse effects by appropriate dose selection in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utpal Nandi
- Bioequivalence Study Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Bikash Roy
- Bioequivalence Study Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Anjan Kumar Das
- Calcutta National Medical College, Department of Pathology, Kolkata 700014, India
| | - Tapan Kumar Pal
- Bioequivalence Study Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India.
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40
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Drullion C, Trégoat C, Lagarde V, Tan S, Gioia R, Priault M, Djavaheri-Mergny M, Brisson A, Auberger P, Mahon FX, Pasquet JM. Apoptosis and autophagy have opposite roles on imatinib-induced K562 leukemia cell senescence. Cell Death Dis 2012; 3:e373. [PMID: 22898871 PMCID: PMC3434662 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2012.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Revised: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Imatinib, the anti-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor used as first-line therapy in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), eliminates CML cells mainly by apoptosis and induces autophagy. Analysis of imatinib-treated K562 cells reveals a cell population with cell cycle arrest, p27 increase and senescence-associated beta galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) staining. Preventing apoptosis by caspase inhibition decreases annexin V-positive cells, caspase-3 cleavage and increases the SA-β-Gal-positive cell population. In addition, a concomitant increase of the cell cycle inhibitors p21 and p27 is detected emphasizing the senescent phenotype. Inhibition of apoptosis by targeting Bim expression or overexpression of Bcl2 potentiates senescence. The inhibition of autophagy by silencing the expression of the proteins ATG7 or Beclin-1 prevents the increase of SA-β-Gal staining in response to imatinib plus Z-Vad. In contrast, in apoptotic-deficient cells (Bim expression or overexpression of Bcl2), the inhibition of autophagy did not significantly modify the SA-β-Gal-positive cell population. Surprisingly, targeting autophagy by inhibiting ATG5 is accompanied by a strong SA-β-Gal staining, suggesting a specific inhibitory role on senescence. These results demonstrate that in addition to apoptosis and autophagy, imatinib induced senescence in K562 CML cells. Moreover, apoptosis is limiting the senescent response to imatinib, whereas autophagy seems to have an opposite role.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Drullion
- Laboratoire hématopoı¨èse leucémique et cibles thérapeutiques, INSERM U1035, Université Bordeaux Ségalen, 146 rue Léo Saignat Bat TP 4 étage, 33076 Bordeaux, cedex, France
| | - C Trégoat
- Laboratoire hématopoı¨èse leucémique et cibles thérapeutiques, INSERM U1035, Université Bordeaux Ségalen, 146 rue Léo Saignat Bat TP 4 étage, 33076 Bordeaux, cedex, France
| | - V Lagarde
- Laboratoire hématopoı¨èse leucémique et cibles thérapeutiques, INSERM U1035, Université Bordeaux Ségalen, 146 rue Léo Saignat Bat TP 4 étage, 33076 Bordeaux, cedex, France
| | - S Tan
- UMR-5248-CBMN, Université de Bordeaux, Bâtiment B8–Avenue des Facultés, 33405 Talence, France
| | - R Gioia
- Laboratoire hématopoı¨èse leucémique et cibles thérapeutiques, INSERM U1035, Université Bordeaux Ségalen, 146 rue Léo Saignat Bat TP 4 étage, 33076 Bordeaux, cedex, France
| | - M Priault
- UMR CNRS 5095, I.B.G.C, 1 rue Camille Saint Saens, Université de Bordeaux, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | | | - A Brisson
- UMR-5248-CBMN, Université de Bordeaux, Bâtiment B8–Avenue des Facultés, 33405 Talence, France
| | - P Auberger
- INSERM U1065, Team 2, C3M, 151 route de ginestière, 06204 Nice, France
| | - F-X Mahon
- Laboratoire hématopoı¨èse leucémique et cibles thérapeutiques, INSERM U1035, Université Bordeaux Ségalen, 146 rue Léo Saignat Bat TP 4 étage, 33076 Bordeaux, cedex, France
| | - J-M Pasquet
- Laboratoire hématopoı¨èse leucémique et cibles thérapeutiques, INSERM U1035, Université Bordeaux Ségalen, 146 rue Léo Saignat Bat TP 4 étage, 33076 Bordeaux, cedex, France
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41
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Rosenbaum CD, Carreiro SP, Babu KM. Here today, gone tomorrow…and back again? A review of herbal marijuana alternatives (K2, Spice), synthetic cathinones (bath salts), kratom, Salvia divinorum, methoxetamine, and piperazines. J Med Toxicol 2012; 8:15-32. [PMID: 22271566 DOI: 10.1007/s13181-011-0202-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite their widespread Internet availability and use, many of the new drugs of abuse remain unfamiliar to health care providers. The herbal marijuana alternatives, like K2 or Spice, are a group of herbal blends that contain a mixture of plant matter in addition to chemical grade synthetic cannabinoids. The synthetic cathinones, commonly called "bath salts," have resulted in nationwide emergency department visits for severe agitation, sympathomimetic toxicity, and death. Kratom, a plant product derived from Mitragyna speciosa Korth, has opioid-like effects, and has been used for the treatment of chronic pain and amelioration of opioid-withdrawal symptoms. Salvia divinorum is a hallucinogen with unique pharmacology that has therapeutic potential but has been banned in many states due to concerns regarding its psychiatric effects. Methoxetamine has recently become available via the Internet and is marked as "legal ketamine." Moreover, the piperazine derivatives, a class of amphetamine-like compounds that includes BZP and TMFPP, are making a resurgence as "legal Ecstasy." These psychoactives are available via the Internet, frequently legal, and often perceived as safe by the public. Unfortunately, these drugs often have adverse effects, which range from minimal to life-threatening. Health care providers must be familiar with these important new classes of drugs. This paper discusses the background, pharmacology, clinical effects, detection, and management of synthetic cannabinoid, synthetic cathinone, methoxetamine, and piperazine exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Rosenbaum
- Division of Medical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA, USA
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Skrede S, Fernø J, Vázquez MJ, Fjær S, Pavlin T, Lunder N, Vidal-Puig A, Diéguez C, Berge RK, López M, Steen VM. Olanzapine, but not aripiprazole, weight-independently elevates serum triglycerides and activates lipogenic gene expression in female rats. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2012; 15:163-79. [PMID: 21854679 DOI: 10.1017/s1461145711001271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic adverse effects such as weight gain and dyslipidaemia represent a major concern in treatment with several antipsychotic drugs, including olanzapine. It remains unclear whether such metabolic side-effects fully depend on appetite-stimulating actions, or whether some dysmetabolic features induced by antipsychotics may arise through direct perturbation of metabolic pathways in relevant peripheral tissues. Recent clinical and preclinical studies indicate that dyslipidaemia could occur independently of weight gain. Using a rat model, we showed that subchronic treatment with olanzapine induces weight gain and increases adipose tissue mass in rats with free access to food. This effect was also observed for aripiprazole, considered metabolically neutral in the clinical setting. In pair-fed rats with limited food access, neither olanzapine nor aripiprazole induced weight gain. Interestingly, olanzapine, but not aripiprazole, induced weight-independent elevation of serum triglycerides, accompanied by up-regulation of several genes involved in lipid biosynthesis, both in liver and in adipose tissues. Our findings support the existence of tissue-specific, weight-independent direct effects of olanzapine on lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silje Skrede
- Dr. Einar Martens' Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway
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Sarszegi Z, Bognar E, Gaszner B, Kónyi A, Gallyas F, Sumegi B, Berente Z. BGP-15, a PARP-inhibitor, prevents imatinib-induced cardiotoxicity by activating Akt and suppressing JNK and p38 MAP kinases. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 365:129-37. [PMID: 22350755 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1252-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigate the cardiotoxic effects of the well-known cytostatic agent imatinib mesylate (Gleevec), and presented evidence for the cardioprotective effect of BGP-15 which is a novel insulin sensitizer. The cardiotoxic effect of imatinib mesylate was assessed in Langendorff rat heart perfusion system. The cardiac high-energy phosphate levels (creatine phosphate (PCr) and ATP) were monitored in situ by (31)P NMR spectroscopy. The protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation, and the activation of signaling pathways were determined from the freeze-clamped hearts. Prolonged treatment of the heart with imatinib mesylate (20 mg/kg) resulted in cardiotoxicity, which were characterized by the depletion of high-energy phosphates (PCr and ATP), and significantly increased protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation. Imatinib mesylate treatment-induced activation of MAP kinases (including ERK1/2, p38, and JNK) and the phosphorylation of Akt and GSK-3beta. BGP-15 (200 μM) prevented the imatinib mesylate-induced oxidative damages, attenuated the depletion of high-energy phosphates, altered the signaling effect of imatinib mesylate by preventing p38 MAP kinase and JNK activation, and induced the phosphorylation of Akt and GSK-3beta. The suppressive effect of BGP-15 on p38 and JNK activation could be significant because these kinases contribute to the cell death and inflammation in the isolated perfused heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Sarszegi
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Institute, University of Pecs, Medical School, Ifjusag 13, Pecs 7624, Hungary.
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Rocco L, Frenzilli G, Zito G, Archimandritis A, Peluso C, Stingo V. Genotoxic effects in fish induced by pharmacological agents present in the sewage of some Italian water-treatment plants. Environ Toxicol 2012; 27:18-25. [PMID: 20549636 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2009] [Revised: 03/14/2010] [Accepted: 03/19/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The presence of pharmaceutical substances in the municipal effluents is currently considered the principal source of bio-active molecule emissions into aquatic environments. This study analyzes the genotoxic damage caused by gemfibrozil and atorvastatin, two regulators of the hematic level of lipids, and sildenafil citrate, a vasodilator, on the teleost Danio rerio. The genotoxicity of these three compounds was evaluated using the comet assay, diffusion assay, and RAPD-PCR. The alkaline version (pH 12.1) of the comet assay was used for the erythrocytes of the zebrafish to evaluate the presence of single strand DNA breaks. Furthermore, the diffusion assay was used to estimate the number of apoptotic cells. The fish were treated with the three pharmacological agents at the average concentrations previously found at some Italian treatment plants and were then sacrificed from 5 to 35 days after exposure. The data of the comet assay showed a statistically significant loss of DNA integrity after 5 days of exposure to atorvastatin and after one week of exposure to gemfibrozil. This damage was, however, repaired after 14 days. Sildenafil citrate produced, instead, a statistically significant loss of DNA integrity at the concentrations found only after 35 days of exposure. The genotoxicity at the molecular level was tested by RAPD-PCR. The results from this investigation are in agreement with those from two other tests, confirming the efficacy of the use of the three experimental approaches for the complete evaluation of genotoxic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Rocco
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, via Vivaldi 43, Caserta, Italy.
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45
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Pretti C, Renzi M, Focardi SE, Giovani A, Monni G, Melai B, Rajamani S, Chiappe C. Acute toxicity and biodegradability of N-alkyl-N-methylmorpholinium and N-alkyl-DABCO based ionic liquids. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2011; 74:748-753. [PMID: 21093055 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2010.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2010] [Revised: 10/11/2010] [Accepted: 10/24/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
N-alkyl-N-methylmorpholinium and N-alkyl substituted 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) based ionic liquids (ILs), N-alkyl-DABCO, bearing short alkyl chains are characterised by a low toxicity to Vibrio fischeri, although toxicity significantly increases on increasing the alkyl chain length. Alkyl chain length affects also biodegradability in the 28 days tests; the higher level of biodegradation was found in both the series in the case of the ethyl (C2) derivatives. In the case of N-ethyl DABCO based IL, although biodegradability is still around 40%, and consequently this IL cannot be classified as "readily biodegradable", this value is similar to the more biodegradable functionalized imidazolium based ILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Pretti
- Dipartimento di Patologia Animale, Profilassi ed Igiene degli Alimenti, Università di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
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Heim C, Minniear K, Dann CT. Imatinib has deleterious effects on differentiating spermatogonia while sparing spermatogonial stem cell self renewal. Reprod Toxicol 2011; 31:454-63. [PMID: 21295132 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2010.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2010] [Revised: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 12/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Imatinib mesylate is among a growing number of effective cancer drugs that provide molecularly targeted therapy; however, imatinib causes reproductive defects in rodents. The availability of an in vitro system for screening the effect of drugs on spermatogenesis would be beneficial. The imatinib targets, KIT and platelet derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRB), were shown here to be expressed in "germline stem" (GS) cell cultures that contain spermatogonia, including spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). GS cell cultures were utilized to determine whether imatinib affects SSC self renewal or differentiation. GS cells grown in imatinib retained self renewal based on multiple assays, including transplantation. However, growth in imatinib led to decreased numbers of differentiated spermatogonia and reduced culture growth consistent with the known requirement for KIT in survival and proliferation of spermatogonia. These results build upon the in vivo studies and support the possibility of utilizing GS cell cultures for preclinical drug tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Heim
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405-7102, USA
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47
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Sabourin G. [Potentially deadly: warning about Revatio (sildenafil) taken with nitroglycerine]. Perspect Infirm 2010; 7:42. [PMID: 21744634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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48
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Rappa G, Anzanello F, Lorico A. Imatinib mesylate enhances the malignant behavior of human breast carcinoma cells. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2010; 67:919-26. [PMID: 20596710 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-010-1394-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2010] [Accepted: 06/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Imatinib mesylate (Imatinib), clinically employed for chronic myeloid leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumors, is a selective inhibitor of the tyrosine kinases, c-abl, c-kit and PDGFRs. Due to the frequent expression of these genes in breast cancer cells, the clinical efficacy of Imatinib has recently been investigated in patients with advanced and metastatic breast cancer. Here, we have studied the effects of Imatinib on human MA-11 breast carcinoma cells, expressing both c-abl and PDGFRbeta, in vitro and in mouse xenografts. METHODS The effects of Imatinib mesylate on the human MA-11 breast carcinoma cell line were studied in vitro and in xenografts. RESULTS Daily intraperitoneal treatment with 60 mg/kg Imatinib for 9 days of athymic nude mice pre-implanted subcutaneously with MA-11 cells did not result in an anti-tumor effect, but rather increased the take rate of 3 × 10(4) cells from 30.8 to 84.6% and caused the appearance of large abdominal masses in 30% of mice. To investigate the mechanism(s) of the observed effects of Imatinib on MA-11 tumors, we exposed the cells in vitro to Imatinib for 9 days. The surviving population, expanded in culture, showed increased motility and over-expressed a set of genes associated with aggressive behavior. Also, several genes belonging to the Wnt and the MAPK pathway were differentially expressed. In promoter activation assays, Imatinib increased the promoter activity driven by both Wnt and MAPK/ERK-1/2. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest caution in the clinical use of Imatinib in breast cancer patients; the comparison of Imatinib-surviving breast cancer cells with parental cells may help define the regulatory pathways involved in the increased malignancy of residual tumor cells that survive therapy, ultimately providing important therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germana Rappa
- Department of Drug Development, Nevada Cancer Institute, One Breakthrough Way, Las Vegas, NV 89135, USA
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49
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Nassar I, Pasupati T, Judson JP, Segarra I. Histopathological study of the hepatic and renal toxicity associated with the co-administration of imatinib and acetaminophen in a preclinical mouse model. Malays J Pathol 2010; 32:1-11. [PMID: 20614720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Imatinib, a selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is the first line treatment against chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) and gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). Several fatal cases have been associated with imatinib hepatotoxicity. Acetaminophen, an over-the-counter analgesic, anti-pyretic drug, which can cause hepatotoxicity, is commonly used in cancer pain management. We assessed renal and hepatic toxicity after imatinib and acetaminophen co-administration in a preclinical model. Four groups of male ICR mice (30-35 g) were fasted overnight and administered either saline solution orally (baseline control), imatinib 100 mg/kg orally (control), acetaminophen 700 mg/kg intraperitoneally (positive control) or co-administered imatinib 100 mg/kg orally and acetaminophen 700 mg/kg intraperitoneally (study group), and sacrificed at 15 min, 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h and 6 h post-administration (n = 4 per time point). The liver and kidneys were harvested for histopathology assessment. The liver showed reversible cell damage like feathery degeneration, microvesicular fatty change, sinusoidal congestion and pyknosis, when imatinib or acetaminophen were administered separately. The damage increased gradually with time, peaked at 2 h but resolved by 4 h. When both drugs were administered concurrently, the liver showed irreversible damage (cytolysis, karyolysis and karyorrhexis) which did not resolve by 6 h. Very minor renal changes were observed. Acetaminophen and imatinib co-administration increased hepatoxicity which become irreversible, probably due to shared P450 biotransformation pathways and transporters in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inthisham Nassar
- Department of Pathology, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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50
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Abstract
Abstract
Cardiotoxicity is an important consideration in the evaluation of cancer chemotherapy, because chemotherapy-induced myocardial damage might be irreversible and lethal. This in-vivo study investigated the cardiotoxicity of either arsenic trioxide or imatinib mesilate, or a combination of both drugs, following repeated administration in male Wistar rats. Both arsenic trioxide and imatinib mesilate were administered daily at a dose of 5 mg kg−1 intraperitoneally and 30 mg kg−1 orally for 10 days, respectively. Cardiotoxicity was evaluated by biochemical and histopathological examination 48 h after the last dose. Treatment with either arsenic or imatinib, or both, resulted in significant increases in serum creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity levels. Cardiac tissue of rats treated with arsenic showed significant increases in levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) content, GPx activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) and total nitrate/nitrite (NOx), whereas imatinib treatment significantly increased cardiac GSH content and MDA production level and decreased GPx activity level and NOx content. A combination of arsenic and imatinib produced significant increases in cardiac GSH content, GPx activity and MDA production levels, in addition to a reduction in NOx content. Combination arsenic/imatinib treatment extensively increased GPx activity and MDA production levels compared with imatinib treatment alone. Moreover, rats treated with arsenic or imatinib, or both, showed a significant increase in serum bilirubin, creatinine and urea levels. Histopathological examination of cardiac tissue of the combination-treated group revealed fibroblastic proliferation, myocardial disorganization and myocardial necrosis. Liver peroxidative alterations revealed that treatment with either arsenic or imatinib, or the two combined, increased levels of reduced-GSH and MDA production levels. However, imatinib treatment depleted liver GPx activity level contrary to treatment with the combination. Rats treated with arsenic alone or arsenic/imatinib combination showed significant elevation in liver NOx. In conclusion, both arsenic trioxide and imatinib mesilate might have significant cardiotoxicity and cardiac function should be monitored during treatment with them alone or in combination, as well as in the presence of pre-existing cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif Y Saad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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