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Mekhaeil M, Conroy MJ, Dev KK. Elucidating the Therapeutic Utility of Olaparib in Sulfatide-Induced Human Astrocyte Toxicity and Neuroinflammation. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2023; 18:592-609. [PMID: 37924373 PMCID: PMC10770269 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-023-10092-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is a severe demyelinating, autosomal recessive genetic leukodystrophy, with no curative treatment. The disease is underpinned by mutations in the arylsulfatase A gene (ARSA), resulting in deficient activity of this lysosomal enzyme, and consequential accumulation of galactosylceramide-3-O-sulfate (sulfatide) in the brain. Most of the effects in the brain have been attributed to the accumulation of sulfatides in oligodendrocytes and their cell damage. In contrast, less is known regarding sulfatide toxicity in astrocytes. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors are anti-cancer therapeutics that have proven efficacy in preclinical models of many neurodegenerative and inflammatory diseases, but have never been tested for MLD. Here, we examined the toxic effect of sulfatides on human astrocytes and restoration of this cell damage by the marketed PARP-1 inhibitor, Olaparib. Cultured human astrocytes were treated with increasing concentrations of sulfatides (5-100 μM) with or without Olaparib (100 nM). Cell viability assays were used to ascertain whether sulfatide-induced toxicity was rescued by Olaparib. Immunofluorescence, calcium (Ca2+) imaging, ROS, and mitochondrial damage assays were also used to explore the effects of sulfatides and Olaparib. ELISAs were performed and chemotaxis of peripheral blood immune cells was measured to examine the effects of Olaparib on sulfatide-induced inflammation in human astrocytes. Here, we established a concentration-dependent (EC50∼20 μM at 24 h) model of sulfatide-induced astrocyte toxicity. Our data demonstrate that sulfatide-induced astrocyte toxicity involves (i) PARP-1 activation, (ii) pro-inflammatory cytokine release, and (iii) enhanced chemoattraction of peripheral blood immune cells. Moreover, these sulfatide-induced effects were attenuated by Olaparib (IC50∼100 nM). In addition, sulfatide caused impairments of ROS production, mitochondrial stress, and Ca2+ signaling in human astrocytes, that were indicative of metabolic alterations and that were also alleviated by Olaparib (100 nM) treatment. Our data support the hypothesis that sulfatides can drive astrocyte cell death and demonstrate that Olaparib can dampen many facets of sulfatide-induced toxicity, including, mitochondrial stress, inflammatory responses, and communication between human astrocytes and peripheral blood immune cells. These data are suggestive of potential therapeutic utility of PARP inhibitors in the sphere of rare demyelinating diseases, and in particular MLD. Graphical abstract. Proposed mechanism of action of Olaparib in sulfatide-treated astrocytes. Human astrocytes treated for 24 h with sulfatides increase PARP-1 expression and die. PARP-1 overexpression is modulated by Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum, thus enhancing intracellular Ca2+ concentration. PARP-1 inhibition with Olaparib reduces Ca2+ influx and cell death. Olaparib also decreases IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, and CX3CL1 release from sulfatide-stimulated astrocytes, suggesting that PARP-1 plays a role in dampening neuroinflammation in MLD. This is confirmed by the reduction of immune cell migration such as lymphocytes, NK cells, and T cells towards sulfatide-treated astrocytes. Moreover, mitochondrial stress and ROS production induced by sulfatides are rescued by PARP-1 inhibition. Future studies will focus on the signaling cascades triggered by PARP-1-mediated currents in reactive astrocytes and Olaparib as a potential therapeutic target for MLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Mekhaeil
- Drug Development Research Group, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Melissa Jane Conroy
- Drug Development Research Group, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Cancer Immunology Research Group, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Kumlesh Kumar Dev
- Drug Development Research Group, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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Bakr A, Hey J, Sigismondo G, Liu CS, Sadik A, Goyal A, Cross A, Iyer RL, Müller P, Trauernicht M, Breuer K, Lutsik P, Opitz C, Krijgsveld J, Weichenhan D, Plass C, Popanda O, Schmezer P. ID3 promotes homologous recombination via non-transcriptional and transcriptional mechanisms and its loss confers sensitivity to PARP inhibition. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:11666-11689. [PMID: 34718742 PMCID: PMC8599806 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhibitor of DNA-binding 3 (ID3) is a transcriptional regulator that limits interaction of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors with their target DNA sequences. We previously reported that ID3 loss is associated with mutational signatures linked to DNA repair defects. Here we demonstrate that ID3 exhibits a dual role to promote DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair, particularly homologous recombination (HR). ID3 interacts with the MRN complex and RECQL helicase to activate DSB repair and it facilitates RAD51 loading and downstream steps of HR. In addition, ID3 promotes the expression of HR genes in response to ionizing radiation by regulating both chromatin accessibility and activity of the transcription factor E2F1. Consistently, analyses of TCGA cancer patient data demonstrate that low ID3 expression is associated with impaired HR. The loss of ID3 leads to sensitivity of tumor cells to PARP inhibition, offering new therapeutic opportunities in ID3-deficient tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Bakr
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), INF280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joschka Hey
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), INF280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg University, Faculty of Biosciences, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gianluca Sigismondo
- Division of Proteomics of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), INF581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chun-Shan Liu
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), INF280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ahmed Sadik
- DKTK Brain Cancer Metabolism Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ashish Goyal
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), INF280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alice Cross
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), INF280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Ramya Lakshmana Iyer
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), INF280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick Müller
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), INF280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Max Trauernicht
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), INF280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kersten Breuer
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), INF280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pavlo Lutsik
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), INF280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christiane A Opitz
- DKTK Brain Cancer Metabolism Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jeroen Krijgsveld
- Division of Proteomics of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), INF581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty, INF672, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dieter Weichenhan
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), INF280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Plass
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), INF280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), INF280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Odilia Popanda
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), INF280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Schmezer
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), INF280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Medina S, Zhou X, Lauer FT, Zhang H, Liu KJ, Lewis J, Burchiel SW. Modulation of PARP activity by Monomethylarsonous (MMA +3) acid and uranium in mouse thymus. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 411:115362. [PMID: 33279514 PMCID: PMC7855914 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic exposure is well established to impair the function of zinc finger proteins, including PARP-1. Previous studies from our lab show that early developing T cells in the thymus are very sensitive to arsenite (As+3)-induced genotoxicity mediated through PARP-1 inhibition. Additionally, it has been shown that uranium (in the form of uranyl acetate, UA) also suppresses PARP-1 activity in HEK cells. However, very little is known about whether the As+3 metabolite, monomethylarsonous acid (MMA+3), also inhibits PARP-1 activity and if this is modified by combined exposures with other metals, such as uranium. In the present study, we found that MMA+3 significantly suppressed PARP-1 function, whereas UA at high concentrations significantly increased PARP-1 activity. To evaluate whether the effects on PARP-1 activity were mediated through oxidative stress, we measured the induction of hemoxygenase-1 (Hmox-1) expression by qPCR. MMA+3, but not UA, significantly induced oxidative stress; however, the inhibition of PARP-1 produced by MMA+3 was not reversed by the addition of the antioxidant, Tempol. Further evaluation revealed minimal interactive effects of MMA+3 and UA on PARP-1 function. Collectively, our results show that contrary to As+3, the suppressive effects of MMA+3 on PARP-1 were not substantially driven by oxidative stress. in mouse thymus cells. Results for this study provide important insights into the effects of MMA+3 and uranium exposures on PARP-1 function, which is essential for future studies focused on understanding the effects of complex environmentally relevant metal mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Medina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Department of Biology, New Mexico Highlands University, Las Vegas, NM, USA
| | - Xixi Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Fredine T Lauer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Haikun Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Ke Jian Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Johnnye Lewis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Scott W Burchiel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
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Attwa MW, Kadi AA, Abdelhameed AS, Alhazmi HA. Metabolic Stability Assessment of New PARP Inhibitor Talazoparib Using Validated LC-MS/MS Methodology: In silico Metabolic Vulnerability and Toxicity Studies. Drug Des Devel Ther 2020; 14:783-793. [PMID: 32158196 PMCID: PMC7049284 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s239458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Talazoparib (BMN673) is a new poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor that has been FDA approved for patients suffering from metastatic breast cancer with germline BRCA mutations. METHOD AND RESULTS In the current study, an accurate and efficient liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analytical methodology was developed for TZB estimation in addition to its metabolic stability assessment. TZB and lapatinib (LAP) (which is chosen as an internal standard; IS) were separated using reversed phase elution system (Hypersil C18 column) with an isocratic mobile phase. The linearity range of the established method was 5-500 ng/mL (r2 ≥ 0.999) in the human liver microsomes (HLMs) matrix. Different parameters were calculated to confirm the method sensitivity (limit of quantification was 2.0 ng/mL), and reproducibility (intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy were below 3.1%) of our methodology. For evaluation of TZB metabolic stability in HLM matrix, intrinsic clearance (9.59 µL/min/mg) and in vitro half-life (72.7 mins) were calculated. TZB treatment discontinuations were reported due to adverse events and dose accumulation, so in silico metabolic vulnerability (experimental and in silico) and toxicity assessment (in silico) of TZB were performed utilizing P450 Metabolism and DEREK modules of StarDrop software. CONCLUSION TZB is slowly metabolized by the liver. TZB was reported to be minimally metabolized by the liver that approved our outcomes. We do recommend that plasma levels be monitored in cases when talazoparib is used for a long period of time, since it is possible for TZB to bioaccumulate after multiple doses to toxic levels. According to our knowledge, the current method is considered the first LC-MS/MS methodology for evaluating TZB metabolic stability. Further drug discovery studies can be done depending on this concept allowing the designing of new series of compounds with more safety profile through reducing side effects and improving metabolic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed W Attwa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh11451, Saudi Arabia
- Students’ University Hospital, Mansoura University, Mansoura35516, Egypt
| | - Adnan A Kadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali S Abdelhameed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A Alhazmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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Fang Y, McGrail DJ, Sun C, Labrie M, Chen X, Zhang D, Ju Z, Vellano CP, Lu Y, Li Y, Jeong KJ, Ding Z, Liang J, Wang SW, Dai H, Lee S, Sahni N, Mercado-Uribe I, Kim TB, Chen K, Lin SY, Peng G, Westin SN, Liu J, O'Connor MJ, Yap TA, Mills GB. Sequential Therapy with PARP and WEE1 Inhibitors Minimizes Toxicity while Maintaining Efficacy. Cancer Cell 2019; 35:851-867.e7. [PMID: 31185210 PMCID: PMC6642675 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate that concurrent administration of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and WEE1 inhibitors is effective in inhibiting tumor growth but poorly tolerated. Concurrent treatment with PARP and WEE1 inhibitors induces replication stress, DNA damage, and abrogates the G2 DNA damage checkpoint in both normal and malignant cells. Following cessation of monotherapy with PARP or WEE1 inhibitors, effects of these inhibitors persist suggesting that sequential administration of PARP and WEE1 inhibitors could maintain efficacy while ameliorating toxicity. Strikingly, while sequential administration mirrored concurrent therapy in cancer cells that have high basal replication stress, low basal replication stress in normal cells protected them from DNA damage and toxicity, thus improving tolerability while preserving efficacy in ovarian cancer xenograft and patient-derived xenograft models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Fang
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Cell, Development and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR 97201, USA; Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR 97201, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Daniel J McGrail
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chaoyang Sun
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Marilyne Labrie
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Cell, Development and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR 97201, USA; Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Xiaohua Chen
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Cell, Development and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR 97201, USA; Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Zhenlin Ju
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Christopher P Vellano
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yiling Lu
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yongsheng Li
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kang Jin Jeong
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Cell, Development and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR 97201, USA; Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Zhiyong Ding
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jiyong Liang
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Steven W Wang
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hui Dai
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sanghoon Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nidhi Sahni
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1808 Park Road 1C, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Imelda Mercado-Uribe
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tae-Beom Kim
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ken Chen
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shiaw-Yih Lin
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Guang Peng
- Department of Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shannon N Westin
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jinsong Liu
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mark J O'Connor
- Oncology, Innovative Medicines and Early Clinical Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, UK
| | - Timothy A Yap
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Gordon B Mills
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Cell, Development and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR 97201, USA; Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR 97201, USA
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Abstract
Flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1) is a structure selective endonuclease required for proficient DNA replication and the repair of DNA damage. Cellularly active inhibitors of this enzyme have previously been shown to induce a DNA damage response and, ultimately, cell death. High-throughput screens of human cancer cell-lines identify colorectal and gastric cell-lines with microsatellite instability (MSI) as enriched for cellular sensitivity to N-hydroxyurea series inhibitors of FEN1, but not the PARP inhibitor olaparib or other inhibitors of the DNA damage response. This sensitivity is due to a synthetic lethal interaction between FEN1 and MRE11A, which is often mutated in MSI cancers through instabilities at a poly(T) microsatellite repeat. Disruption of ATM is similarly synthetic lethal with FEN1 inhibition, suggesting that disruption of FEN1 function leads to the accumulation of DNA double-strand breaks. These are likely a result of the accumulation of aberrant replication forks, that accumulate as a consequence of a failure in Okazaki fragment maturation, as inhibition of FEN1 is toxic in cells disrupted for the Fanconi anemia pathway and post-replication repair. Furthermore, RAD51 foci accumulate as a consequence of FEN1 inhibition and the toxicity of FEN1 inhibitors increases in cells disrupted for the homologous recombination pathway, suggesting a role for homologous recombination in the resolution of damage induced by FEN1 inhibition. Finally, FEN1 appears to be required for the repair of damage induced by olaparib and cisplatin within the Fanconi anemia pathway, and may play a role in the repair of damage associated with its own disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A. Ward
- AstraZeneca, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, Oncology Bioscience, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, United Kingdom
- Department of Oncology, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (TAW); (STD)
| | - Peter J. McHugh
- Department of Oncology, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen T. Durant
- AstraZeneca, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, Oncology Bioscience, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, United Kingdom
- AstraZeneca, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, Oncology Bioscience, Little Chesterford, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (TAW); (STD)
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7
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Mangerich A, Debiak M, Birtel M, Ponath V, Balszuweit F, Lex K, Martello R, Burckhardt-Boer W, Strobelt R, Siegert M, Thiermann H, Steinritz D, Schmidt A, Bürkle A. Sulfur and nitrogen mustards induce characteristic poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation responses in HaCaT keratinocytes with distinctive cellular consequences. Toxicol Lett 2015; 244:56-71. [PMID: 26383629 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mustard agents are potent DNA alkylating agents with mutagenic, cytotoxic and vesicant properties. They include bi-functional agents, such as sulfur mustard (SM) or nitrogen mustard (mustine, HN2), as well as mono-functional agents, such as "half mustard" (CEES). Whereas SM has been used as a chemical warfare agent, several nitrogen mustard derivatives, such as chlorambucil and cyclophosphamide, are being used as established chemotherapeutics. Upon induction of specific forms of genotoxic stimuli, several poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) synthesize the nucleic acid-like biopolymer poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) by using NAD(+) as a substrate. Previously, it was shown that SM triggers cellular poly(ADP-ribosyl) ation (PARylation), but so far this phenomenon is poorly characterized. In view of the protective effects of PARP inhibitors, the latter have been proposed as a treatment option of SM-exposed victims. In an accompanying article (Debiak et al., 2016), we have provided an optimized protocol for the analysis of the CEES-induced PARylation response in HaCaT keratinocytes, which forms an experimental basis to further analyze mustard-induced PARylation and its functional consequences, in general. Thus, in the present study, we performed a comprehensive characterization of the PARylation response in HaCaT cells after treatment with four different mustard agents, i.e., SM, CEES, HN2, and chlorambucil, on a qualitative, quantitative and functional level. In particular, we recorded substance-specific as well as dose- and time-dependent PARylation responses using independent bioanalytical methods based on single-cell immuno-fluorescence microscopy and quantitative isotope dilution mass spectrometry. Furthermore, we analyzed if and how PARylation contributes to mustard-induced toxicity by treating HaCaT cells with CEES, SM, and HN2 in combination with the clinically relevant PARP inhibitor ABT888. As evaluated by a novel immunofluorescence-based protocol for the detection of N7-ETE-guanine DNA adducts, the excision rate of CEES-induced DNA adducts was not affected by PARP inhibition. Furthermore, while CEES induced moderate changes in cellular NAD(+) levels, annexin V/PI flow cytometry analysis revealed that these changes did not affect CEES-induced short-term cytotoxicity 24h after treatment. In contrast, PARP inhibition impaired cell proliferation and clonogenic survival, and potentiated micronuclei formation of HaCaT cells upon CEES treatment. Similarly, PARP inhibition affected clonogenic survival of cells treated with bi-functional mustards such as SM and HN2. In conclusion, we demonstrate that PARylation plays a functional role in mustard-induced cellular stress response with substance-specific differences. Since PARP inhibitors exhibit therapeutic potential to treat SM-related pathologies and to sensitize cancer cells for mustard-based chemotherapy, potential long-term effects of PARP inhibition on genomic stability and carcinogenesis should be carefully considered when pursuing such a strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswin Mangerich
- University of Konstanz, Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Debiak
- University of Konstanz, Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Matthias Birtel
- University of Konstanz, Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Viviane Ponath
- University of Konstanz, Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Frank Balszuweit
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 80937 Munich, Germany
| | - Kirsten Lex
- University of Konstanz, Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Rita Martello
- University of Konstanz, Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Waltraud Burckhardt-Boer
- University of Konstanz, Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Romano Strobelt
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 80937 Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Siegert
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 80937 Munich, Germany
| | - Horst Thiermann
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 80937 Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk Steinritz
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 80937 Munich, Germany; Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Annette Schmidt
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 80937 Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Bürkle
- University of Konstanz, Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
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