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Zampieri D, Fortuna S, Romano M, De Logu A, Cabiddu G, Sanna A, Mamolo MG. Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Computational Studies of New Hydrazide Derivatives Containing 1,3,4-Oxadiazole as Antitubercular Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315295. [PMID: 36499618 PMCID: PMC9735621 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
To extend our screening for novel antimycobacterial molecules, we have designed, synthesized, and biologically evaluated a library of 14 new hydrazide derivatives containing 1,3,4-oxadiazole core. A variety of mycobacterial strains, including some drug-resistant strains, were tested for antimycobacterial activity. Among the compounds tested, five showed high antimycobacterial activity (MIC values of 8 μg/mL) against M. tuberculosis H37Ra attenuated strain, and two derivatives were effective (MIC of 4 µg/mL) against pyrazinamide-resistant strains. Furthermore, the novel compounds were tested against the fungal C. albicans strain, showing no antimycotic activity, and thus demonstrating a good selectivity profile. Notably, they also exhibited low cytotoxicity against human SH-SY5Y cells. The molecular modeling carried out suggested a plausible mechanism of action towards the active site of the InhA enzyme, which confirmed our hypothesis. In conclusion, the active compounds were predicted in silico for ADME properties, and all proved to be potentially orally absorbed in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Zampieri
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-040-5583677
| | - Sara Fortuna
- Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), Via E. Melen 83, 16152 Genova, Italy
| | - Maurizio Romano
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Valerio 28/1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandro De Logu
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Section of Microbiology, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Cabiddu
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Section of Microbiology, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Adriana Sanna
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Mamolo
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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Hanieh PN, Consalvi S, Forte J, Cabiddu G, De Logu A, Poce G, Rinaldi F, Biava M, Carafa M, Marianecci C. Nano-Based Drug Delivery Systems of Potent MmpL3 Inhibitors for Tuberculosis Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030610. [PMID: 35335983 PMCID: PMC8955761 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis remains one of the world’s deadliest infectious diseases, accounting for nearly 1.3 million deaths every year. Tuberculosis treatment is challenging because of the toxicity, decreased bioavailability at the target site of the conventional drugs and, most importantly, low adherence of patients; this leads to drug resistance. Here, we describe the development of suitable nanocarriers with specific physicochemical properties to efficiently deliver two potent antimycobacterial compounds. We prepared nanoemulsions and niosomes formulations and loaded them with two different MmpL3 inhibitors previously identified (NEs + BM635 and NIs + BM859). NEs + BM635 and NIs + BM859 were deeply characterized for their physicochemical properties and anti-mycobacterial activity. NEs + BM635 and NIs + BM859 showed good hydrodynamic diameter, ζ-Potential, PDI, drug-entrapment efficiency, polarity, and microviscosity and stability. Even though both formulations proved to perform well, only NIs + BM859 showed potent antimycobacterial activity against M. tuberculosis (MIC = 0.6 µM) compared to that of the free compound. This is most probably caused by the fact that BM635, being highly hydrophobic, encounters maximum hindrance in diffusion, whereas BM859, characterized by high solubility in aqueous medium (152 µM), diffuses more easily. The niosomal formulation described in this work may be a useful therapeutic tool for tuberculosis treatment, and further studies will follow to characterize the in vivo behavior of the formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Nadia Hanieh
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Universitaà di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (P.N.H.); (S.C.); (J.F.); (G.P.); (M.B.); (M.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Sara Consalvi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Universitaà di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (P.N.H.); (S.C.); (J.F.); (G.P.); (M.B.); (M.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Jacopo Forte
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Universitaà di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (P.N.H.); (S.C.); (J.F.); (G.P.); (M.B.); (M.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Gianluigi Cabiddu
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Microbiology, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (G.C.); (A.D.L.)
| | - Alessandro De Logu
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Microbiology, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (G.C.); (A.D.L.)
| | - Giovanna Poce
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Universitaà di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (P.N.H.); (S.C.); (J.F.); (G.P.); (M.B.); (M.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Federica Rinaldi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Universitaà di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (P.N.H.); (S.C.); (J.F.); (G.P.); (M.B.); (M.C.); (C.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Mariangela Biava
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Universitaà di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (P.N.H.); (S.C.); (J.F.); (G.P.); (M.B.); (M.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Maria Carafa
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Universitaà di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (P.N.H.); (S.C.); (J.F.); (G.P.); (M.B.); (M.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Carlotta Marianecci
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Universitaà di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (P.N.H.); (S.C.); (J.F.); (G.P.); (M.B.); (M.C.); (C.M.)
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Consalvi S, Venditti G, Zhu J, Boshoff HI, Arora K, De Logu A, Ioerger TR, Rubin EJ, Biava M, Poce G. 6-Fluorophenylbenzohydrazides inhibit Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth through alteration of tryptophan biosynthesis. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 226:113843. [PMID: 34520959 PMCID: PMC10994514 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A major constraint in reducing tuberculosis epidemic is the emergence of strains resistant to one or more of clinically approved antibiotics, which emphasizes the need of novel drugs with novel targets. Genetic knockout strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) have established that tryptophan (Trp) biosynthesis is essential for the bacterium to survive in vivo and cause disease in animal models. An anthranilate-like compound, 6-FABA, was previously shown to synergize with the host immune response to Mtb infection in vivo. Herein, we present a class of anthranilate-like compounds endowed with good antimycobacterial activity and low cytotoxicity. We show how replacing the carboxylic moiety with a hydrazide led to a significant improvement in both activity and cytotoxicity relative to the parent compound 6-FABA. Several new benzohydrazides (compounds 20-31, 33, 34, 36, 38 and 39) showed good activities against Mtb (0.625 ≤ MIC≤6.25 μM) and demonstrated no detectable cytotoxicity against Vero cell assay (CC50 ≥ 1360 μM). The target preliminary studies confirmed the hypothesis that this new class of compounds inhibits Trp biosynthesis. Taken together, these findings indicate that fluorophenylbenzohydrazides represent good candidates to be assessed for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Consalvi
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drug, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Venditti
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drug, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Junhao Zhu
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Helena I Boshoff
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kriti Arora
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Alessandro De Logu
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, via Ospedale 72, 09124, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Thomas R Ioerger
- Department of Computer Science, Texas A&M University, 3112 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Eric J Rubin
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Mariangela Biava
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drug, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Poce
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drug, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
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Poce G, Consalvi S, Venditti G, Alfonso S, Desideri N, Fernandez-Menendez R, Bates RH, Ballell L, Barros Aguirre D, Rullas J, De Logu A, Gardner M, Ioerger TR, Rubin EJ, Biava M. Novel Pyrazole-Containing Compounds Active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:1423-1429. [PMID: 31620228 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a series of 49 five-membered heterocyclic compounds containing either a pyridine- or a pyrrole-type nitrogen were synthesized and tested against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Among them, only the 1,3,5-trisubstituted pyrazoles 5-49 exhibited minimum inhibitory concentration values in the low micromolar range, and some also exhibited an improved physicochemical profile without cytotoxic effects. Three pyrazoles were subjected to an animal tuberculosis efficacy model, and compound 6 induced a statistically significant difference in lung bacterial counts compared with untreated mice. Moreover, to determine the target of this series, resistors were generated, and whole genome sequencing revealed mutations in the mmpL3 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Poce
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drug, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Consalvi
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drug, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Venditti
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drug, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Alfonso
- Diseases of the Developing World, GlaxoSmithKline, Calle Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicoletta Desideri
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drug, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Raquel Fernandez-Menendez
- Diseases of the Developing World, GlaxoSmithKline, Calle Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Robert H. Bates
- Diseases of the Developing World, GlaxoSmithKline, Calle Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lluis Ballell
- Diseases of the Developing World, GlaxoSmithKline, Calle Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Barros Aguirre
- Diseases of the Developing World, GlaxoSmithKline, Calle Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquin Rullas
- Diseases of the Developing World, GlaxoSmithKline, Calle Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alessandro De Logu
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Michelle Gardner
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Thomas R. Ioerger
- Department of Computer Science, Texas A&M University, 3112 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Eric J. Rubin
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Mariangela Biava
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drug, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Zampieri D, Mamolo MG, Filingeri J, Fortuna S, De Logu A, Sanna A, Zanon D. Design, synthesis and antimycobacterial activity of benzoxazinone derivatives and open-ring analogues: Preliminary data and computational analysis. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:2468-2474. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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6
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Zampieri D, Cateni F, Moneghini M, Zacchigna M, Laurini E, Marson D, De Logu A, Sanna A, Mamolo MG. Imidazole and 1,2,4-Triazole-based Derivatives Gifted with Antitubercular Activity: Cytotoxicity and Computational Assessment. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:620-632. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190227183826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (Mtb) is the causative pathogen of Tuberculosis (TB) and outbreaks are more common among immunosuppressed persons infected with HIV. The current treatment regimens are lengthy and toxic, yet the therapy has remained unchanged for many decades, so there is a need to find new structures with selective mechanism of action. Moreover, the increased incidence of severe disseminated infections produced by undiagnosed Multidrug-resistant (MDR), worsen clinical treatment and contribute the spread of the disease.Objective:The aim of our study was to evaluate the potential of imidazole and triazole moieties for antimycobacterial activity, by synthesizing some 1-(1-(aryl)-2-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)hydrazono)ethyl- 1H-imidazole and 1H-1,2,4-triazole derivatives 2a-l.Methods:The title compounds were obtained via classical organic synthesis. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the method of microdilution and the cytotoxicity assay was performed by MTT method.Results:The results indicated that the presence of both the imidazole ring and that of the 2,6- dichlorosubstituted phenyl moiety, is more relevant for inhibitory activity against Mtb than the triazole nucleus and the unsubstituted phenyl ring. Among the series, (E)-1-(2-(5-chlorothiophen-2-yl)-2-(2- (2,6-dichlorophenyl)hydrazono)ethyl)-1H-imidazole derivative 2f and (Z)-1-(2-([1,1’-biphenyl]-4-yl)- 2-(2-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)hydrazono)ethyl]-1H-imidazole derivatives 2e exhibited a promising antimycobacterial property and the latter also displayed a safe cytotoxic profile.Conclusion:The synthesized compounds were studied for their antitubercular activity. Among the series, the compounds 2e and 2f appeared to be the most promising agents and, according to the docking assessment, the compounds could be CYP51 inhibitors. These evidences could be useful for the future development of new antimycobacterial derivatives targeting CYP51 with more specificity for the mycobacterial cell enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Zampieri
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, P.le Europa 1, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesca Cateni
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, P.le Europa 1, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Mariarosa Moneghini
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, P.le Europa 1, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Marina Zacchigna
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, P.le Europa 1, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Erik Laurini
- Molecular Simulation Engineering (MOSE) Laboratory, DEA, Via Valerio,10, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Domenico Marson
- Molecular Simulation Engineering (MOSE) Laboratory, DEA, Via Valerio,10, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandro De Logu
- Department of Life and Enviromental Sciences, Via Porcell, 4, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Adriana Sanna
- Department of Life and Enviromental Sciences, Via Porcell, 4, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria G. Mamolo
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, P.le Europa 1, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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7
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Poce G, Cocozza M, Alfonso S, Consalvi S, Venditti G, Fernandez-Menendez R, Bates RH, Barros Aguirre D, Ballell L, De Logu A, Vistoli G, Biava M. In vivo potent BM635 analogue with improved drug-like properties. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 145:539-550. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.12.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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8
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Mori M, Deodato D, Kasula M, Ferraris DM, Sanna A, De Logu A, Rizzi M, Botta M. Design, synthesis, SAR and biological investigation of 3-(carboxymethyl)rhodanine and aminothiazole inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Zmp1. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:637-641. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Mascarello A, Orbem Menegatti AC, Calcaterra A, Martins PGA, Chiaradia-Delatorre LD, D'Acquarica I, Ferrari F, Pau V, Sanna A, De Logu A, Botta M, Botta B, Terenzi H, Mori M. Naturally occurring Diels-Alder-type adducts from Morus nigra as potent inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein tyrosine phosphatase B. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 144:277-288. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.11.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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De Vita D, Pandolfi F, Cirilli R, Scipione L, Di Santo R, Friggeri L, Mori M, Fiorucci D, Maccari G, Arul Christopher RS, Zamperini C, Pau V, De Logu A, Tortorella S, Botta M. Discovery of in vitro antitubercular agents through in silico ligand-based approaches. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 121:169-180. [PMID: 27240272 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The development of new anti-tubercular agents represents a constant challenge mostly due to the insurgency of resistance to the currently available drugs. In this study, a set of 60 molecules were selected by screening the Asinex and the ZINC collections and an in house library by means of in silico ligand-based approaches. Biological assays in Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra ATCC 25177 strain highlighted (±)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethyl-4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate (5i) and 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(2,4-dimethylpyrimidin-5-yl)-2-methylpyrazolo[1.5-a]pyrimidin-7(4H)-one (42) as the most potent compounds, having a Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 4 and 2 μg/mL respectively. These molecules represent a good starting point for further optimization of effective anti-TB agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela De Vita
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Fabiana Pandolfi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Roberto Cirilli
- Dipartimento del Farmaco, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Luigi Scipione
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Roberto Di Santo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy; Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Laura Friggeri
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Mattia Mori
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53019 Siena, Italy; Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Diego Fiorucci
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53019 Siena, Italy
| | - Giorgio Maccari
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53019 Siena, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Zamperini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53019 Siena, Italy
| | - Valentina Pau
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Via Porcell 4, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alessandro De Logu
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Via Porcell 4, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Silvano Tortorella
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Botta
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53019 Siena, Italy; Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research & Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science & Technology, Temple University, BioLife Science Building, Suite 333, 1900 N 12th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
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11
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Meleddu R, Distinto S, Corona A, Maccioni E, Arridu A, Melis C, Bianco G, Matyus P, Cottiglia F, Sanna A, De Logu A. Exploring the thiazole scaffold for the identification of new agents for the treatment of fluconazole resistant Candida. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2016; 31:1672-7. [PMID: 26745285 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2015.1113171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclohexyliden- and 2-methylcyclohexyliden-hydrazo-4-arylthiazoles were synthesized and tested as antifungal agents. All compounds exhibited minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values comparable with those of fluconazole (FLC). Moreover, some compounds showed fungicidal activity at low concentration. Worth noting five out of nine compounds were active towards Candida albicans 25 FLC resistant isolated from clinical specimens. The cellular toxicity was evaluated and none of the compounds is toxic at the MIC. On the basis of our data we can conclude that these derivatives are promising agents for the treatment of resistant C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Meleddu
- a Department of Life and Environmental Sciences , University of Cagliari , Cagliari , Italy
| | - Simona Distinto
- a Department of Life and Environmental Sciences , University of Cagliari , Cagliari , Italy
| | - Angela Corona
- a Department of Life and Environmental Sciences , University of Cagliari , Cagliari , Italy
| | - Elias Maccioni
- a Department of Life and Environmental Sciences , University of Cagliari , Cagliari , Italy
| | - Antonella Arridu
- a Department of Life and Environmental Sciences , University of Cagliari , Cagliari , Italy
| | - Claudia Melis
- a Department of Life and Environmental Sciences , University of Cagliari , Cagliari , Italy
| | - Giulia Bianco
- a Department of Life and Environmental Sciences , University of Cagliari , Cagliari , Italy
| | - Peter Matyus
- b Department of Organic Chemistry , Semmelweis University Hogyes Endre U , Budapest , Hungary , and
| | - Filippo Cottiglia
- a Department of Life and Environmental Sciences , University of Cagliari , Cagliari , Italy
| | - Adriana Sanna
- c Department of Public Health , Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria , Monserrato , Italy
| | - Alessandro De Logu
- a Department of Life and Environmental Sciences , University of Cagliari , Cagliari , Italy
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Sanna G, Madeddu S, Giliberti G, Ntalli NG, Cottiglia F, De Logu A, Agus E, Caboni P. Limonoids from Melia azedarach Fruits as Inhibitors of Flaviviruses and Mycobacterium tubercolosis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141272. [PMID: 26485025 PMCID: PMC4612778 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological diversity of nature is the source of a wide range of bioactive molecules. The natural products, either as pure compounds or as standardized plant extracts, have been a successful source of inspiration for the development of new drugs. The present work was carried out to investigate the cytotoxicity, antiviral and antimycobacterial activity of the methanol extract and of four identified limonoids from the fruits of Melia azedarach (Meliaceae). The extract and purified limonoids were tested in cell-based assays for antiviral activity against representatives of ssRNA, dsRNA and dsDNA viruses and against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Very interestingly, 3-α-tigloyl-melianol and melianone showed a potent antiviral activity (EC50 in the range of 3–11μM) against three important human pathogens, belonging to Flaviviridae family, West Nile virus, Dengue virus and Yellow Fever virus. Mode of action studies demonstrated that title compounds were inhibitors of West Nile virus only when added during the infection, acting as inhibitors of the entry or of a very early event of life cycle. Furthermore, 3-α-tigloyl-melianol and methyl kulonate showed interesting antimycobacterial activity (with MIC values of 29 and 70 μM respectively). The limonoids are typically lipophilic compounds present in the fruits of Melia azeradach. They are known as cytotoxic compounds against different cancer cell lines, while their potential as antiviral and antibacterial was poorly investigated. Our studies show that they may serve as a good starting point for the development of novel drugs for the treatment of infections by Flaviviruses and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, for which there is a continued need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Sanna
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Microbiology and Virology, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Silvia Madeddu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Microbiology and Virology, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gabriele Giliberti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Microbiology and Virology, University of Cagliari, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Nikoletta G. Ntalli
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, High Resolution Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Filippo Cottiglia
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, High Resolution Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alessandro De Logu
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Section of Medical Microbiology, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Emanuela Agus
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Section of Medical Microbiology, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Caboni
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, High Resolution Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Cagliari, Italy
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Poce G, Bates RH, Alfonso S, Cocozza M, Porretta GC, Ballell L, Rullas J, Ortega F, De Logu A, Agus E, La Rosa V, Pasca MR, De Rossi E, Wae B, Franzblau SG, Manetti F, Botta M, Biava M. Improved BM212 MmpL3 inhibitor analogue shows efficacy in acute murine model of tuberculosis infection. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56980. [PMID: 23437287 PMCID: PMC3578785 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
1,5-Diphenyl pyrroles were previously identified as a class of compounds endowed with high in vitro efficacy against M. tuberculosis. To improve the physical chemical properties and drug-like parameters of this class of compounds, a medicinal chemistry effort was undertaken. By selecting the optimal substitution patterns for the phenyl rings at N1 and C5 and by replacing the thiomorpholine moiety with a morpholine one, a new series of compounds was produced. The replacement of the sulfur with oxygen gave compounds with lower lipophilicity and improved in vitro microsomal stability. Moreover, since the parent compound of this family has been shown to target MmpL3, mycobacterial mutants resistant to two compounds have been isolated and characterized by sequencing the mmpL3 gene; all the mutants showed point mutations in this gene. The best compound identified to date was progressed to dose-response studies in an acute murine TB infection model. The resulting ED(99) of 49 mg/Kg is within the range of commonly employed tuberculosis drugs, demonstrating the potential of this chemical series. The in vitro and in vivo target validation evidence presented here adds further weight to MmpL3 as a druggable target of interest for anti-tubercular drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Poce
- Istituto Pasteur Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
- * E-mail: (GP); (MB)
| | - Robert H. Bates
- Diseases of the Developing World, Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, GlaxoSmithKline, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Salvatore Alfonso
- Istituto Pasteur Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - Martina Cocozza
- Istituto Pasteur Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - Giulio Cesare Porretta
- Istituto Pasteur Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - Lluís Ballell
- Diseases of the Developing World, Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, GlaxoSmithKline, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquin Rullas
- Diseases of the Developing World, Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, GlaxoSmithKline, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fátima Ortega
- Diseases of the Developing World, Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, GlaxoSmithKline, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alessandro De Logu
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Emanuela Agus
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Valentina La Rosa
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Rosalia Pasca
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Edda De Rossi
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Baojie Wae
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Scott G. Franzblau
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Fabrizio Manetti
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Maurizio Botta
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Mariangela Biava
- Istituto Pasteur Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
- * E-mail: (GP); (MB)
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Casu L, Cottiglia F, Leonti M, De Logu A, Agus E, Tse-Dinh YC, Lombardo V, Sissi C. Ungeremine effectively targets mammalian as well as bacterial type I and type II topoisomerases. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:7041-4. [PMID: 22014547 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.09.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Revised: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
From the methanol extract of the bulbs of Pancratium illyricum L., three phenanthridine type alkaloids, ungeremine (1), (-)-lycorine (2) and (+)-vittatine (3) were isolated. For the evaluation of their anticancer and antibacterial potential, compounds 1-3 were tested against human (I, IIα) and bacterial (IA, IV) topoisomerases. Our data demonstrated that ungeremine impairs the activity of both, human and bacterial topoisomerases. Remarkably, ungeremine was found to largely increments the DNA cleavage promoted by bacterial topoisomerase IA, a new target in antimicrobial chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Casu
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Biava M, Porretta GC, Poce G, Battilocchio C, Alfonso S, Logu AD, Serra N, Manetti F, Botta M. Identification of a novel pyrrole derivative endowed with antimycobacterial activity and protection index comparable to that of the current antitubercular drugs streptomycin and rifampin. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:8076-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2010] [Revised: 08/30/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Zaru M, Sinico C, De Logu A, Caddeo C, Lai F, Manca ML, Fadda AM. Rifampicin-loaded liposomes for the passive targeting to alveolar macrophages: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. J Liposome Res 2009; 19:68-76. [PMID: 19515009 DOI: 10.1080/08982100802610835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), the most frequent cause of opportunistic nontuberculous pulmonary infection, is made up of a group of intracellular pathogens that are able to survive and multiply inside lung alveolar macrophages. As nebulized liposomes are reported to be effective to target antibacterial agents to macrophages, in this work we have prepared and characterized re-dispersible freeze-dried rifampicin (RFP)-loaded vesicles by using soy lecithin (SL) and a commercial, enriched mixture of soy phosphatidylcholine (Phospholipon 90, P90) with or without cholesterol. The obtained results showed that RFP could be loaded stably in SL vesicles only when cholesterol was not present in the film preparation, whereas with P90 vesicles, the highest stability was obtained with formulations prepared with P90/cholesterol 7:1 or 4:1 molar ratios. RFP-liposome aerosols were generated using an efficient high-output continuous-flow nebulizer, driven by a compressor. After the experiments, nebulization efficiency (NE%) and nebulization efficiency of the encapsulated drug (NEED%) were evaluated. The results of our study indicated that nebulization properties and viscosity of formulations prepared with the low-transition-temperature phospholipids, SL and P90, are affected by vesicle composition. However, all formulations showed a good stability during nebulization and they were able to retain more than 65% of the incorporated drug. The effect of liposome encapsulation on lung levels of RFP following aerosol inhalation was determined in rats. The in vitro intracellular activity of RFP-loaded liposomes against MAC residing in macrophage-like J774 cells was also evaluated. Results indicated that liposomes are able to inhibit the growth of MAC in infected macrophages and to reach the lower airways in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Zaru
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Castagnolo D, Radi M, Dessì F, Manetti F, Saddi M, Meleddu R, Logu AD, Botta M. Synthesis and biological evaluation of new enantiomerically pure azole derivatives as inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:2203-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.02.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2009] [Revised: 02/24/2009] [Accepted: 02/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Onnis V, De Logu A, Cocco MT, Fadda R, Meleddu R, Congiu C. 2-Acylhydrazino-5-arylpyrrole derivatives: Synthesis and antifungal activity evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2009; 44:1288-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2008.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2008] [Revised: 07/14/2008] [Accepted: 08/13/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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De Logu A, Palchykovska LH, Kostina VH, Sanna A, Meleddu R, Chisu L, Alexeeva IV, Shved AD. Novel N-aryl- and N-heteryl phenazine-1-carboxamides as potential agents for the treatment of infections sustained by drug-resistant and multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2009; 33:223-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2008.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2008] [Revised: 07/30/2008] [Accepted: 09/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Biava M, Porretta GC, Poce G, De Logu A, Saddi M, Meleddu R, Manetti F, De Rossi E, Botta M. 1,5-Diphenylpyrrole derivatives as antimycobacterial agents. Probing the influence on antimycobacterial activity of lipophilic substituents at the phenyl rings. J Med Chem 2008; 51:3644-8. [PMID: 18494459 DOI: 10.1021/jm701560p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis and biological evaluation of new derivatives of 1,5-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2-methyl-3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl-1H-pyrrole (BM 212, 16) are reported. Variously substituted phenyl rings with different substitution pattern and lipophilicity were added to the pyrrole nucleus to evaluate their influence on the activity toward Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and atypical mycobacteria. The most active derivatives showed activity between 0.125-0.5 microg/mL (better than 16 and streptomycin) and protection index (64-256) higher than 16 (4) and similar to isoniazid and streptomycin (128).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Biava
- Dipartimento di Studi di Chimica e Tecnologia delle Sostanze Biologicamente Attive, Università La Sapienza, Piazzale A. Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy.
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21
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Saddi M, Sanna A, Cottiglia F, Chisu L, Casu L, Bonsignore L, De Logu A. Antiherpevirus activity of Artemisia arborescens essential oil and inhibition of lateral diffusion in Vero cells. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2007; 6:10. [PMID: 17894898 PMCID: PMC2099429 DOI: 10.1186/1476-0711-6-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2007] [Accepted: 09/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND New prophylactic and therapeutic tools are needed for the treatment of herpes simplex virus infections. Several essential oils have shown to possess antiviral activity in vitro against a wide spectrum of viruses. AIM The present study was assess to investigate the activities of the essential oil obtained from leaves of Artemisia arborescens against HSV-1 and HSV-2 METHODS The cytotoxicity in Vero cells was evaluated by the MTT reduction method. The IC50 values were determined by plaque reduction assay. In order to characterize the mechanism of action, yield reduction assay, inhibition of plaque development assay, attachment assay, penetration assay and post-attachment virus neutralization assay were also performed. RESULTS The IC50 values, determined by plaque reduction assay, were 2.4 and 4.1 microg/ml for HSV-1 and HSV-2, respectively, while the cytotoxicity assay against Vero cells, as determined by the MTT reduction method, showed a CC50 value of 132 mug/ml, indicating a CC50/IC50 ratio of 55 for HSV-1 and 32.2 for HSV-2. The antiviral activity of A. arborescens essential oil is principally due to direct virucidal effects. A poor activity determined by yield reduction assay was observed against HSV-1 at higher concentrations when added to cultures of infected cells. No inhibition was observed by attachment assay, penetration assay and post-attachment virus neutralization assay. Furthermore, inhibition of plaque development assay showed that A. arborescens essential oil inhibits the lateral diffusion of both HSV-1 and HSV-2. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the antiviral activity of the essential oil in toto obtained from A. arborescens against HSV-1 and HSV-2. The mode of action of the essential oil as antiherpesvirus agent seems to be particularly interesting in consideration of its ability to inactivate the virus and to inhibit the cell-to-cell virus diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Saddi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Sezione di Microbiologia Medica, Viale Sant'Ignazio 38, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Adriana Sanna
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Sezione di Microbiologia Medica, Viale Sant'Ignazio 38, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica, Università di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Filippo Cottiglia
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Facoltà di Farmacia, Università di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Lorenza Chisu
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Sezione di Microbiologia Medica, Viale Sant'Ignazio 38, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Laura Casu
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Facoltà di Farmacia, Università di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Leonardo Bonsignore
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Facoltà di Farmacia, Università di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alessandro De Logu
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Sezione di Microbiologia Medica, Viale Sant'Ignazio 38, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
- Facoltà di Farmacia, Università di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Lai F, Sinico C, De Logu A, Zaru M, Müller RH, Fadda AM. SLN as a topical delivery system for Artemisia arborescens essential oil: in vitro antiviral activity and skin permeation study. Int J Nanomedicine 2007; 2:419-25. [PMID: 18019840 PMCID: PMC2676653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of SLN incorporation on transdermal delivery and in vitro antiherpetic activity of Artemisia arborescens essential oil was investigated. Two different SLN formulations were prepared using the hot-pressure homogenization technique, Compritol 888 ATO as lipid, and Poloxamer 188 and Miranol Ultra C32 as surfactants. Formulations were examined for their stability for two years by monitoring average size distribution and zeta potential values. The antiviral activity of free and SLN incorporated essential oil was tested in vitro against Herpes Simplex Virus-1 (HSV-1) by a quantitative tetrazolium-based colorimetric method (MTT), while the effects of essential oil incorporation into SLN on both the permeation through and the accumulation into the skin strata was investigated by using in vitro diffusion experiments through newborn pig skin and an almond oil Artemisia essential oil solution as a control. Results showed that both SLN formulations were able to entrap the essential oil in high yields and that the mean particle size increased only slightly after two years of storage, indicating a high physical stability. In vitro antiviral assays showed that SLN incorporation did not affect the essential oil antiherpetic activity. The in vitro skin permeation experiments demonstrated the capability of SLN of greatly improving the oil accumulation into the skin, while oil permeation occurred only when the oil was delivered from the control solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Lai
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Chiara Sinico
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alessandro De Logu
- Sezione di Microbiologia Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marco Zaru
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Rainer H Müller
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Biotechnology and Quality Management, The Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna M Fadda
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy;,Correspondence: Anna Maria Fadda, Università degli Studi di Cagliari-Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Via Ospedale 72, 09124, Cagliari, Italy, Tel + 39 070 675 8565, Fax + 39 070 675 8710, Email
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Manetti F, Magnani M, Castagnolo D, Passalacqua L, Botta M, Corelli F, Saddi M, Deidda D, De Logu A. Ligand-Based Virtual Screening, Parallel Solution-Phase and Microwave-Assisted Synthesis as Tools to Identify and Synthesize New Inhibitors ofMycobacterium tuberculosis. ChemMedChem 2006; 1:973-89. [PMID: 16892466 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200600026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In an attempt to identify new inhibitors of the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), the causative agent of tuberculosis, a procedure for the generation, design, and screening of a ligand-based virtual library was applied. This used both an in silico protocol centered on a recursive partitioning (RP) model described herein, and a pharmacophoric model for antitubercular agents previously generated by our research group. Two candidates emerged from databases of commercially available compounds, both characterized by a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 25 microg mL(-1). Based on these compounds, two series of derivatives were synthesized by both parallel solution-phase and microwave-assisted synthesis, leading to enhanced antimycobacterial activity. During both the design and synthesis, attention was focused on the efficient allocation of available resources with the aim of reducing the overall costs associated with calculation and synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Manetti
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università Degli Studi di Siena, Via Alcide de Gasperi 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
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De Logu A, Saddi M, Onnis V, Sanna C, Congiu C, Borgna R, Cocco MT. In vitro antimycobacterial activity of newly synthesised S-alkylisothiosemicarbazone derivatives and synergistic interactions in combination with rifamycins against Mycobacterium avium. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2005; 26:28-32. [PMID: 15955675 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2005.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2004] [Accepted: 03/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The antimycobacterial activities of two new S-alkylisothiosemicarbazone derivatives (1i and 1f) against 32 Mycobacterium avium isolates were investigated. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were significantly lower than those of rifampicin and other reference drugs. The two derivatives also showed excellent intracellular activity against M. avium residing in the macrophage-like J774 cells. Interestingly, the combination of subinhibitory concentrations of 1i and rifabutin or rifampicin induced a potent synergistic effect, as determined by the fractional inhibitory concentration indexes (FICIs) ranging between 0.103 and 0.412. Such synergistic effect resulted in a 81-fold and 139-fold reduction of the MICs of rifabutin and rifampicin, respectively. Enhancement of intracellular activity of rifabutin by the S-alkylisothiosemicarbazone derivative 1i was also observed. Results indicate that S-alkylisothiosemicarbazones can be useful in the therapy and prophylaxis of M. avium infections and can represent a template for the development of novel antimycobacterial drugs. Furthermore, as a consequence of their ability to enhance the activity of rifamycins, a reduction of drug interactions following the co-administration of protease inhibitors could be achieved by lower doses of rifampicin and rifabutin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro De Logu
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, University of Cagliari, Viale Sant'Ignazio 38, 09123 Cagliari, Italy.
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De Logu A, Saddi M, Cardia MC, Borgna R, Sanna C, Saddi B, Maccioni E. In vitro activity of 2-cyclohexylidenhydrazo-4-phenyl-thiazole compared with those of amphotericin B and fluconazole against clinical isolates of Candida spp. and fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans. J Antimicrob Chemother 2005; 55:692-8. [PMID: 15772140 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dki084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro antifungal activity of an isothiosemicarbazone cyclic analogue against isolates of Candida spp. including fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans. METHODS We investigated the activity of 2-cyclohexylidenhydrazo-4-phenyl-thiazole (EM-01D2) against 114 clinical isolates of Candida spp., representing five different species, by microdilution, according to the NCCLS method 27-A. The activity against C. albicans biofilms was also investigated. Toxicity in vitro was evaluated by MTT reduction assay. RESULTS EM-01D2 demonstrated low toxicity, broad spectrum, fungicidal activity and was active against C. albicans and Candida krusei at concentrations lower than those shown by amphotericin B and fluconazole (P < 0.05). It maintained potent in vitro activity against fluconazole-resistant C. albicans isolates. Fungicidal activity occurred at concentrations 1-2 doubling dilutions greater than the corresponding MICs, and time-kill analysis indicated that a 99.9% loss of C. albicans viability occurred after 6 h of incubation in the presence of EM-01D2 at concentrations equal to four times the MIC. EM-01D2 was also active in inhibiting the growth of C. albicans ATCC 10231 biofilms, even though such inhibition occurred at concentrations higher than the MICs determined under planktonic growth conditions. However, when C. albicans biofilms were pre-exposed to subinhibitory concentrations of EM-01D2, a reduction of MIC50 of amphotericin B was observed. CONCLUSIONS Based on these results, EM-01D2 could represent a template for the development of novel fungicidal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro De Logu
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Sezione di Microbiologia Medica, Università di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
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Sinico C, De Logu A, Lai F, Valenti D, Manconi M, Loy G, Bonsignore L, Fadda AM. Liposomal incorporation of Artemisia arborescens L. essential oil and in vitro antiviral activity. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2005; 59:161-8. [PMID: 15567314 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2004.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2004] [Accepted: 06/22/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The effect of liposomal inclusion on the in vitro antiherpetic activity of Artemisia arborescens L. essential oil was investigated. In order to study the influence of vesicle structure and composition on the antiviral activity of the vesicle-incorporated oil, multilamellar (MLV) and unilamellar (SUV) positively charged liposomes were prepared by the film method and sonication. Liposomes were obtained from hydrogenated (P90H) and non-hydrogenated (P90) soy phosphatidylcholine. Formulations were examined for their stability for over one year, monitoring the oil leakage from vesicles and the average size distribution. The antiviral activity was studied against Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) by a quantitative tetrazolium-based colorimetric method. Results showed that Artemisia essential oil can be incorporated in good amounts in the prepared vesicular dispersions. Stability studies pointed out that vesicle dispersions were very stable for at least six months and neither oil leakage nor vesicle size alteration occurred during this period. After one year of storage oil retention was still good, but vesicle fusion was present. Antiviral assays demonstrated that the liposomal incorporation of A. arborescens essential oil enhanced its in vitro antiherpetic activity especially when vesicles were made with P90H. On the contrary, no significant difference in antiviral activity was observed between the free and SUV-incorporated oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Sinico
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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De Logu A, Borgna R, Uda P, Sanna A, Pellerano ML, Saddi B. The 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) assay as rapid colorimetric method for determination of antibiotic susceptibility of clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in liquid medium. Clin Lab 2004; 49:357-65. [PMID: 12908735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the usefulness of a colorimetric method based on the reduction of a tetrazolium salt (XTT) for the susceptibility testing of clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to isoniazid, rifampin, rifabutin, ethambutol hydrochloride, ethionamide and streptomycin. The isolates and the ATCC reference strains reported as susceptible according to the agar dilution method approved by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards were found to be susceptible by the XTT colorimetric assay after times of incubation ranging between three days for rifampin and rifabutin to eight days for isoniazid. In comparison with other colorimetric methods reviewed in this article, the proposed assay is suitable for determining the susceptibility or resistance to most antituberculous drugs and, as a consequence of the water-solubility of the formazan yielded by reduction of XTT, additional steps such as the addition of extraction buffer and further incubation before the spectrophotometric analysis are not needed. The XTT reduction assay is an inexpensive, rapid and reliable screening method for the detection of susceptible, resistant and multidrug-resistant strains of M. tuberculosis and is an alternative to the costly performance of molecular or radiometric methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro De Logu
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
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Saddi B, Usai F, Burgio A, Ferreli C, De Logu A, Carluccio AV. Isolamento, identificazione e sensibilità ai farmaci antimicrobici di due ceppi di Mycobacterium marinum da fish tank granuloma. Microbiol Med 2003. [DOI: 10.4081/mm.2003.3036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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De Logu A, Pellerano ML, Sanna A, Pusceddu MC, Uda P, Saddi B. Comparison of the susceptibility testing of clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by the XTT colorimetric method and the NCCLS standards method. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2003; 21:244-50. [PMID: 12636986 DOI: 10.1016/s0924-8579(02)00350-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The susceptibility or resistance of clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were determined by a method incorporating the 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulphophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) and compared with results obtained by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards approved standard method (M24-T2). One hundred percent of all isolates demonstrated agreement between the susceptibility and resistance to isoniazid, rifampicin, and ethambutol obtained by the two methods, suggesting that the XTT-based method could provide a useful means for the rapid determination of antimycobacterial susceptibility of clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro De Logu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche e Trapianti d'Organo, Sezione di Microbiologia e Virologia, Università di Cagliari, Viale Frà Ignazio 38, 09123 Cagliari, Italy.
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Abstract
A new series of S-alkylisothiosemicarbazones of 3- and 4-pyridincarboxaldehyde and 4-fluoro- and 4-trifluoromethylbenzaldehyde was synthesized and evaluated for biological activity against various Mycobacterium strains. Inhibitory activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv ATCC 27294 and INH-R ATCC 35822 was compared with activity against clinical isolated Mycobacteria as well as against MOTT. Some of newly prepared compounds showed best inhibitory values against clinical isolated Mycobacteria, besides to low citotoxicity values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Cocco
- Dipartimento di Tossicologia, Universita di Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72-09124, Cagliari, Italy.
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De Logu A, Onnis V, Saddi B, Congiu C, Schivo ML, Cocco MT. Activity of a new class of isonicotinoylhydrazones used alone and in combination with isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, para-aminosalicylic acid and clofazimine against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Antimicrob Chemother 2002; 49:275-82. [PMID: 11815568 DOI: 10.1093/jac/49.2.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The activities of six derivatives of a new class of isonicotinoylhydrazones were investigated in vitro against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv ATCC 27294, isoniazid-resistant M. tuberculosis ATCC 35822, rifampicin-resistant ATCC 35838, pyrazinamide-resistant ATCC 35828, streptomycin-resistant ATCC 35820 and 16 clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis. Several compounds showed interesting antimycobacterial activity against both ATCC strains and clinical isolates, but were less active against isoniazid-resistant M. tuberculosis. Combinations of five isonicotinoylhydrazone derivatives and rifampicin, ethambutol, para-aminosalicylic acid, isoniazid and clofazimine were also investigated against M. tuberculosis H37Rv ATCC 27294 and against ATCC drug-resistant strains. Addition of sub-MICs of some isonicotinoylhydrazone derivatives resulted in a four- to 16-fold reduction in MICs of ethambutol, para-aminosalicylic acid and rifampicin with fractional inhibitory concentrations (FICs) ranging between 0.17 and 0.37, suggesting a synergic interaction against M. tuberculosis H37Rv. Increased activity was also observed with other combinations (FICs 0.53-0.75), including isoniazid, and a synergic interaction between one of the isonicotinoylhydrazone derivatives and isoniazid (FIC 0.26) was shown against isoniazid-resistant M. tuberculosis ATCC 35822, whereas no effects were observed on combining the isonicotinoylhydrazones with clofazimine. The ability of isonicotinoylhydrazones to inhibit specifically the growth of M. tuberculosis, the high selectivity index and their ability to enhance the activity of standard antituberculous drugs in vitro indicate that they may serve as promising lead compounds for future drug development for the treatment of M. tuberculosis infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro De Logu
- Sezione di Microbiologia e Virologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche e Trapianti d'Organo, Università di Cagliari, Viale Frà Ignazio 38, 09123 Cagliari, Italy.
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Valenti D, De Logu A, Loy G, Sinico C, Bonsignore L, Cottiglia F, Garau D, Fadda AM. LIPOSOME-INCORPORATED SANTOLINAINSULARISESSENTIAL OIL: PREPARATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND IN VITRO ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY. J Liposome Res 2001; 11:73-90. [DOI: 10.1081/lpr-100103171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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