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Yount J, Morris M, Henson N, Zeller M, Byrd EFC, Piercey DG. Sequential, Electrochemical-Photochemical Synthesis of 1,2,4-Triazolo-[4,3-a]pyrazines. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400661. [PMID: 38570880 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
1,2,4-triazolo-[4,3-a]pyrazine was prepared via a two-step electrochemical, photochemical process. First, a 5-substituted tetrazole is electrochemically coupled to 2,6-dimethoxypyrazine to yield 1,5- and 2,5- disubstituted tetrazoles. Subsequent photochemical excitation of the 2,5-disubstituted tetrazole species using an ultraviolet lamp releases nitrogen gas and produces a short-lived nitrilimine intermediate. Subsequent cyclization of the nitrilimine intermediate yields a 1,2,4-triazolo-[4,3-a]pyrazine backbone. The scope of this reaction was explored using various tetrazoles and pyrazines. Materials produced were identified using chemical analytical techniques and computationally studied for potential application as an insensitive energetic material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Yount
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, 205 Gates Road, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA
- Purdue Energetics Research Center, Purdue University 2, 05 Gates Road, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA
| | - Megan Morris
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Dr, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Noah Henson
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA
| | - Matthias Zeller
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA
| | - Edward F C Byrd
- Detonation Sciences & Modeling Branch, DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, 21005, USA
| | - Davin G Piercey
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, 205 Gates Road, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA
- Purdue Energetics Research Center, Purdue University 2, 05 Gates Road, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, 585 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA
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2
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Zhou Q, Reekie TA, Abbassi RH, Indurthi Venkata D, Font JS, Ryan RM, Munoz L, Kassiou M. Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of diverse heterocyclic diphenolic compounds as inhibitors of DYRK1A. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:5852-5869. [PMID: 30401502 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-related kinase 1A (DYRK1A) is a dual-specificity protein kinase that catalyses phosphorylation and autophosphorylation. Higher DYRK1A expression correlates with cancer, in particular glioblastoma present within the brain. We report here the synthesis and biological evaluation of new heterocyclic diphenolic derivatives designed as novel DYRK1A inhibitors. The generation of these heterocycles such as benzimidazole, imidazole, naphthyridine, pyrazole-pyridines, bipyridine, and triazolopyrazines was made based on the structural modification of the lead DANDY and tested for their ability to inhibit DYRK1A. None of these derivatives showed significant DYRK1A inhibition but provide valuable knowledge around the importance of the 7-azaindole moiety. These data will be of use for developing further structure-activity relationship studies to improve the selective inhibition of DYRK1A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Zhou
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Tristan A Reekie
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Ramzi H Abbassi
- School of Medical Sciences, Discipline of Pathology and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Dinesh Indurthi Venkata
- School of Medical Sciences, Discipline of Pathology and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Josep S Font
- School of Medical Sciences, Discipline of Pharmacology, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Renae M Ryan
- School of Medical Sciences, Discipline of Pharmacology, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Lenka Munoz
- School of Medical Sciences, Discipline of Pathology and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Michael Kassiou
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
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Mal S, Prathap KJ, Smith SC, Umarye JD. Facile one pot synthesis of 8-chloro-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrazines via oxidative cyclisation using chloramine T. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.04.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Hoveyda HR, Fraser GL, Roy MO, Dutheuil G, Batt F, El Bousmaqui M, Korac J, Lenoir F, Lapin A, Noël S, Blanc S. Discovery and optimization of novel antagonists to the human neurokinin-3 receptor for the treatment of sex-hormone disorders (Part I). J Med Chem 2015; 58:3060-82. [PMID: 25738882 DOI: 10.1021/jm5017413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neurokinin-3 receptor (NK3R) has recently emerged as important in modulating the tonic pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release. We therefore decided to explore NK3R antagonists as therapeutics for sex-hormone disorders that can potentially benefit from lowering GnRH pulsatility with consequent diminished levels of plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) and correspondingly attenuated levels of circulating androgens and estrogens. The discovery and lead optimization of a novel N-acyl-triazolopiperazine NK3R antagonist chemotype achieved through bioisosteric lead change from the high-throughput screening (HTS) hit is described. A concomitant improvement in the antagonist bioactivity and ligand lipophilic efficiency (LLE) parameter were the principal guidelines in the lead optimization efforts. Examples of advanced lead analogues to demonstrate the amenability of this chemotype to achieving a suitable pharmacokinetic (PK) profile are provided as well as pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PKPD) correlations to analyze the trends observed for LH inhibition in castrated rats and monkeys that served as preliminary in vivo efficacy models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid R Hoveyda
- Euroscreen SA, 47 Rue Adrienne Bolland, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Graeme L Fraser
- Euroscreen SA, 47 Rue Adrienne Bolland, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Marie-Odile Roy
- Euroscreen SA, 47 Rue Adrienne Bolland, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | | | - Frédéric Batt
- Euroscreen SA, 47 Rue Adrienne Bolland, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | | | - Julien Korac
- Euroscreen SA, 47 Rue Adrienne Bolland, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - François Lenoir
- Euroscreen SA, 47 Rue Adrienne Bolland, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Alexey Lapin
- Euroscreen SA, 47 Rue Adrienne Bolland, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Sophie Noël
- Euroscreen SA, 47 Rue Adrienne Bolland, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Sébastien Blanc
- Euroscreen SA, 47 Rue Adrienne Bolland, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
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Mulakayala N, Reddy CH U, Iqbal J, Pal M. Synthesis of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors: a brief overview. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.04.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Synthesis of (1R,4E,5S)-4-{[(E)-(azinyl)diazenyl]methylidene}-1,8,8-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-ones and (1R,4R,5R)-4-([1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-x]azin-3-yl)-1,8,8-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-ones. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2005.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Kim D, Wang L, Beconi M, Eiermann GJ, Fisher MH, He H, Hickey GJ, Kowalchick JE, Leiting B, Lyons K, Marsilio F, McCann ME, Patel RA, Petrov A, Scapin G, Patel SB, Roy RS, Wu JK, Wyvratt MJ, Zhang BB, Zhu L, Thornberry NA, Weber AE. (2R)-4-oxo-4-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-5,6-dihydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrazin-7(8H)-yl]-1-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butan-2-amine: a potent, orally active dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. J Med Chem 2005; 48:141-51. [PMID: 15634008 DOI: 10.1021/jm0493156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 634] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of beta-amino amides incorporating fused heterocycles, i.e., triazolopiperazines, were synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. (2R)-4-Oxo-4-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-5,6-dihydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrazin-7(8H)-yl]-1-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butan-2-amine (1) is a potent, orally active DPP-IV inhibitor (IC(50) = 18 nM) with excellent selectivity over other proline-selective peptidases, oral bioavailability in preclinical species, and in vivo efficacy in animal models. MK-0431, the phosphate salt of compound 1, was selected for development as a potential new treatment for type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dooseop Kim
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, USA.
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Balsells J, Dimichele L, Liu J, Kubryk M, Hansen K, Armstrong JD. Synthesis of [1,2,4]Triazolo[4,3-α]piperazines via Highly Reactive Chloromethyloxadiazoles. Org Lett 2005; 7:1039-42. [PMID: 15760133 DOI: 10.1021/ol0474406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] A concise, modular approach for the synthesis of [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-alpha]piperazines via condensation of highly reactive chloromethyloxadiazoles with ethylenediamines is described. NMR studies of this reaction provide evidence that suggests a novel activation mechanism for electron-deficient chloromethyloxadiazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaume Balsells
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, USA
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Savini L, Chiasserini L, Travagli V, Pellerano C, Novellino E, Cosentino S, Pisano MB. New α-(N)-heterocyclichydrazones: evaluation of anticancer, anti-HIV and antimicrobial activity. Eur J Med Chem 2004; 39:113-22. [PMID: 14987820 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2003.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2003] [Revised: 09/24/2003] [Accepted: 09/25/2003] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of 3- and 5-methylthiophene-2-carboxaldehyde alpha-(N)-heterocyclichydrazones were synthesized and submitted to an in vitro investigation of their anticancer, anti-HIV and antimicrobial activities. Some of the newly synthesized compounds were found to possess antiproliferative properties, whereas no anti-HIV activity was seen; the most active of the series was the derivative 2i, which exhibited tumour growth inhibition activity against all cell lines displaying GI50 values between 1.63 and 26.5 microM. The title compounds were generally ineffective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, while showed a moderate antifungal activity against C. albicans and A. fumigatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Savini
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Via Aldo Moro, Università degli Studi di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.
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Grošelj U, Rečnik S, Svete J, Meden A, Stanovnik B. Stereoselective synthesis of (1R,3R,4R)-3-(1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-x]azin-3-yl)-1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ones. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(02)00208-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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13
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Gizatullina �M, Kartsev VG. Annelation of the 1,2,4-triazole ring on the basis of ?-hydrazino-substituted heterocycles and their hydrazones (review). Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00531397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Shaban MA, Nasr AZ. Synthesis of Condensed 1,2,4-Triazolo[3,4-z] Heterocycles. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY VOLUME 49 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2725(08)60556-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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15
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Synthesis of nitrogen-bridged purine-like C-nucleosides from ethyl 2,5-anhydro-6-O-benzoyl-d-allonodithioate. Carbohydr Res 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(89)84093-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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Mátyus P, Sohár P, Wamhoff H. Reactions of Uracils, Some Aspects of the Chemistry of Pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines. A Novels-Triazolo[4′,3′:1,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine. European J Org Chem 1984. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.198419841005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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17
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Study of the cleavage of the N-N bond in the reaction of benzaldehyde pyrazinyl-, pyridazinyl-, and pyrimidinylhydrazones with sodium ethoxide. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 1978. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00469873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Tserng KY, Bauer L. Glyoxal bishydrazones through facile ring cleavage of hydrazinopyrazine by hydrazines. J Heterocycl Chem 1974. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570110506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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21
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Potts KT, Surapaneni CR. 1,2,4-Triazoles. XXV. The effect of pyridine substitution on the isomerization ofs-Triazolo[4,3-a] pyridines intos-Triazolo[1,5-a] pyridines. J Heterocycl Chem 1970. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570070504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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