1
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Zhang WY, Wang HC, Wang Y, Zheng C, You SL. Enantioselective Dearomatization of Indoles via SmI 2-Mediated Intermolecular Reductive Coupling with Ketones. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:10314-10321. [PMID: 37126434 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Samarium diiodide (SmI2) mediated reductive coupling reactions are powerful methods for the construction of carbon-carbon bond in organic synthesis. Despite the extensive development in recent decades, successful examples of the corresponding asymmetric reactions remained scarce, probably due to the involvement of highly reactive radical intermediates. In this Article, we report an enantioselective dearomatization of indoles via SmI2-mediated intermolecular reductive coupling with ketones. The utilization of samarium reductant supported by chiral tridentate aminodiol ligands allows the facile synthesis of indoline molecules bearing two contiguous stereogenic centers in high yields (up to 99%) and stereoselectivity (up to 99:1 er and >20:1 dr). Combined experimental and computational investigations suggested that parallel single-electron transfer to each substrate from the chiral samarium reductant allows the radical-radical recombination in an enantioselective manner, which is a unique mechanistic scenario in SmI2-mediated reductive coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hu-Chong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shu-Li You
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Shanghai 200032, China
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2
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Rao CN, Reissig HU. Samarium(II)‐Promoted Cyclizations of Non‐activated Indolyl Sulfinyl Imines to Polycyclic Tertiary Carbinamines. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chintada Nageswara Rao
- Freie Universität Berlin: Freie Universitat Berlin Institut für Chemie und Biochemie 14195 Berlin GERMANY
| | - Hans-Ulrich Reissig
- Freie Universität Berlin Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Takustr. 3 14195 Berlin GERMANY
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3
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Rao CN, Reissig H. Synthesis and Evaluation of Enantiopure HMPA Analogs in Samarium‐Diiodide‐Promoted Dearomatizations of N‐Acylated Indole Derivatives. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chintada Nageswara Rao
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Freie Universität Berlin Takustrasse 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Hans‐Ulrich Reissig
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Freie Universität Berlin Takustrasse 3 14195 Berlin Germany
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4
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Luo CH, Wang PL, Chang CC. Cascade Vinyl Radical Ipso-Cyclization Reactions and the Formation of α,β-Unsaturated-β-aryl-γ-lactams from N-Propargyl Benzamides. J Org Chem 2021; 86:15033-15044. [PMID: 34591475 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Various N-(2-bromo-allyl) benzamides were used as the starting materials to study vinyl radical cyclization reactions. The vinyl radicals underwent ipso-cyclization, fragmentation, and cyclization reactions to produce β-aryl-γ-lactams with the carbonyl group remaining intact. To further study this cascade radical reaction, vinyl radicals were generated by the addition of a tributyltin radical to alkyne moieties, followed by radical ipso-cyclization, fragmentation, cyclization, and β-scission reactions with the production of a series of α,β-unsaturated-β-aryl-γ-lactam derivatives. This new type of radical reaction was examined from the substituent effects on both the amino groups and the aryl groups. A bulky tert-butyl substituent on the amino group enhanced the formation of a Z-conformation of the benzamides and facilitated vinyl radical ipso-cyclization reactions. A synthetic method for preparing α,β-unsaturated-β-aryl-γ-lactams from N-propargyl benzamides was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hao Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Fu Jen Catholic University, 510 Zhongzheng Road, Xinzhuang District, New Taipei City, 24205 Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ling Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Fu Jen Catholic University, 510 Zhongzheng Road, Xinzhuang District, New Taipei City, 24205 Taiwan
| | - Che-Chien Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Fu Jen Catholic University, 510 Zhongzheng Road, Xinzhuang District, New Taipei City, 24205 Taiwan
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5
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Beemelmanns C, Nitsch D, Bentz C, Reissig HU. Stereoselective Cascade Cyclizations with Samarium Diiodide to Tetracyclic Indolines: Precursors of Fluorostrychnines and Brucine. Chemistry 2019; 25:8780-8789. [PMID: 31033048 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A series of γ-indolylketones with fluorine, cyano or alkoxy substituents at the benzene moiety was prepared and subjected to samarium diiodide-promoted cyclization reactions. The desired dearomatizing ketyl cascade reaction forming two new rings proceeded in all cases with high diastereoselectivity, but with differing product distribution. In most cases, the desired annulated tetracyclic compounds were obtained in moderate to good yields, but as second product tetracyclic spirolactones were isolated in up to 29 % yield. The reaction rate was influenced by the substituents at the benzene moiety of the substrate as expected, with electron-accepting groups accelerating and electron-donating groups decelerating the cyclization process. In case of a difluoro-substituted γ-indolylketone a partial defluorination was observed. The intermediate samarium enolate of the tetracyclic products could be trapped by adding reactive alkylating agents as electrophiles delivering products with quarternary carbons. In the case of a dimethoxy-substituted tetracyclic cyclization product a subsequent reductive amination stereoselectively provided a pentacyclic compound that was subsequently N-protected and subjected to a regioselective elimination. The obtained functionalized pentacyclic product should be convertible into the alkaloid brucine by four well-established steps. Overall, the presented report shows that functionalized tetracyclic compounds with different substituents are rapidly available with the samarium diiodide cascade cyclization as crucial step. Hence, analogues of the landmark alkaloid strychnine, for example, with specific fluorine substitutions, should be easily accessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Beemelmanns
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Leibniz-Institut für Naturstoff-Forschung und Infektionsbiologie, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Dominik Nitsch
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Bentz
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Reissig
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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6
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Raji Reddy C, Warudikar K, Sridhar B. Synthetic Access to Cyclopenta[ a]inden-2(1 H)-ones from Morita-Baylis-Hillman Products of 2-Alkynyl Benzaldehydes. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:15734-15742. [PMID: 31458226 PMCID: PMC6644149 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A new strategy for the synthesis of cyclopenta[a]inden-2(1H)-ones has been developed. An intramolecular Pauson-Khand reaction of the Morita-Baylis-Hillman (MBH) adducts, derived from 2-alkynyl benzaldehydes, provided the consequent novel cyclopenta[a]inden-2(1H)-ones bearing multifunctionalities including an ester group at the fused ring junction (tert-carbon center). The generality of this approach was illustrated by studying the several MBH derivatives containing diverse substitutions/functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chada Raji Reddy
- Department
of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry and Centre for X-Ray
Crystallography, CSIR—Indian Institute
of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110020, India
| | - Kamalkishor Warudikar
- Department
of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry and Centre for X-Ray
Crystallography, CSIR—Indian Institute
of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110020, India
| | - Balasubramanian Sridhar
- Department
of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry and Centre for X-Ray
Crystallography, CSIR—Indian Institute
of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110020, India
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7
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Yamada T, Ozaki Y, Yamawaki M, Sugiura Y, Nishino K, Morita T, Yoshimi Y. Reductive ipso-radical cyclization onto aromatic rings of five-membered alicyclic amino acids bearing N-(2-phenyl)benzoyl groups by photoinduced electron transfer promoted decarboxylation. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Huang HM, Procter DJ. Dearomatizing Radical Cyclizations and Cyclization Cascades Triggered by Electron-Transfer Reduction of Amide-Type Carbonyls. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:1661-1667. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b12077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Ming Huang
- School of Chemistry, Oxford Road, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Procter
- School of Chemistry, Oxford Road, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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9
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Meyer AU, Slanina T, Yao CJ, König B. Metal-Free Perfluoroarylation by Visible Light Photoredox Catalysis. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b02410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas U. Meyer
- Institut
für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse
31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tomáš Slanina
- Institut
für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse
31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry and RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Chang-Jiang Yao
- Institut
für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse
31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of
Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Burkhard König
- Institut
für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse
31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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10
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Rao CN, Bentz C, Reissig H. Lithium Bromide/Water as Additives in Dearomatizing Samarium‐Ketyl (Hetero)Arene Cyclizations. Chemistry 2015; 21:15951-4. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chintada Nageswara Rao
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin (Germany)
| | - Christoph Bentz
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin (Germany)
| | - Hans‐Ulrich Reissig
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin (Germany)
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11
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Ujjainwalla F, da Mata MLE, Pennell AM, Escolano C, Motherwell WB, Vázquez S. Synthesis of biaryls via intramolecular free radical ipso-substitution reactions. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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12
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Suzuki K, Iwasaki H, Domasu R, Hitotsuyanagi N, Wakizaka Y, Tominaga M, Kojima N, Ozeki M, Yamashita M. Construction of pyrrolophenanthridinone scaffolds mediated by samarium(II) diiodide and access to natural product synthesis. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.06.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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13
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Abstract
Strychnine stands out from the group of classical natural products as one of the first complex compounds to be isolated in pure form and an extreme challenge to be structurally characterized. It has played a central role in natural product total syntheses and the surge in the development of innovative synthetic methods for many decades. Recently, we have accomplished one of the shortest formal total syntheses of strychnine (in ten steps and 14% overall yield or even shorter in eight steps and 10% overall yield). The evolution of a productive synthetic strategy, as well as the synthetic challenges tackled, are described here in detail, including examples of related transformations. The successful synthetic strategy was inspired by the premise that the core structure could be derived from simple aromatic indole precursors by a reductive SmI2 -induced ketyl-aryl coupling. Other key reactions included a diastereoselective reduction and a regioselective elimination protocol. Altogether one of the shortest syntheses of iso-strychnine and hence of strychnine was established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Beemelmanns
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology e.V., Hans-Knöll-Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstrasse 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany.
| | - Hans-Ulrich Reissig
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
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14
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Beemelmanns C, Reissig HU. Evolution of a Short Route to Strychnine by Using the Samarium-Diiodide-Induced Cascade Cyclization as a Key Step. Chemistry 2015; 21:8416-25. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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15
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Szostak M, Fazakerley NJ, Parmar D, Procter DJ. Cross-Coupling Reactions Using Samarium(II) Iodide. Chem Rev 2014; 114:5959-6039. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400685r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Szostak
- School
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Neal J. Fazakerley
- School
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Dixit Parmar
- School
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Procter
- School
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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16
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Beemelmanns C, Gross S, Reissig HU. Towards the Core Structure ofStrychnosAlkaloids Using Samarium Diiodide-Induced Reactions of Indole Derivatives. Chemistry 2013; 19:17801-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201302795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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17
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Szostak M, Spain M, Procter DJ. Preparation of Samarium(II) Iodide: Quantitative Evaluation of the Effect of Water, Oxygen, and Peroxide Content, Preparative Methods, and the Activation of Samarium Metal. J Org Chem 2012; 77:3049-59. [PMID: 22375820 DOI: 10.1021/jo300135v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Szostak
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford
Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm Spain
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford
Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Procter
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford
Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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18
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Beemelmanns C, Lentz D, Reissig HU. Samarium Diiodide Induced Cyclizations of γ-, δ- and ε-Indolyl Ketones: Reductive Coupling, Intermolecular Trapping, and Subsequent Transformations of Indolines. Chemistry 2011; 17:9720-30. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201100981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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19
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Wefelscheid UK, Reissig HU. Synthesis of new steroid analogues by samarium diiodide induced cyclisations of γ-naphthyl 1,3-diones. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2010.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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20
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Beemelmanns C, Blot V, Gross S, Lentz D, Reissig HU. Highly Diastereoselective Samarium Diiodide Induced Ketyl Cyclisations of Indole and Pyrrole Derivatives - Scope and Limitations. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200901455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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21
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22
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23
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Wefelscheid UK, Berndt M, Reißig HU. Samarium Diiodide Mediated Ketyl-Aryl Coupling Reactions - Influence of Substituents and Trapping Experiments. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200800293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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24
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Aulenta F, Wefelscheid UK, Brüdgam I, Reißig HU. Nitrogen-Containing Tricyclic and Tetracyclic Compounds by Stereoselective Samarium Diiodide Promoted Cyclizations of Quinolyl-Substituted Ketones – A New Access to Azasteroids. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200800019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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25
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Plummer JM, Weitgenant JA, Noll BC, Lauher JW, Wiest O, Helquist P. Synthesis, Structure, and Metal Complexation Behavior of a New Type of Functionalized Chiral Phenanthroline Derivative. J Org Chem 2008; 73:3911-4. [DOI: 10.1021/jo702566m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M. Plummer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Notre Dame Cancer Center, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, and Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - Jeremy A. Weitgenant
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Notre Dame Cancer Center, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, and Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - Bruce C. Noll
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Notre Dame Cancer Center, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, and Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - Joseph W. Lauher
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Notre Dame Cancer Center, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, and Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - Olaf Wiest
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Notre Dame Cancer Center, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, and Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - Paul Helquist
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Notre Dame Cancer Center, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, and Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
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26
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Wefelscheid U, Reissig HU. Pentacyclic Compounds by Samarium Diiodide-Induced Cascade Cyclizations of Naphthyl-Substituted 1,3-Diones. Adv Synth Catal 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200700283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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27
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Ashkenazi T, Pinkert D, Nudelman A, Widberg A, Wexler B, Wittenbach V, Flint D, Nudelman A. Aryl chain analogues of the biotin vitamers as potential herbicides. Part 3. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2007; 63:974-1001. [PMID: 17665367 DOI: 10.1002/ps.1427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Novel aryl chain isosters and analogues of 7-keto-8-aminopelargonic acid (KAPA) and 7,8-diaminopelargonic acid (DAPA), the vitamer intermediates involved in the biosynthetic pathway of biotin, possessing chain lengths of eight carbon atoms, were prepared and evaluated as potential herbicides. In the greenhouse test the most active compounds were the fluorinated derivative 9d and the selenophenyl/furan mixture 17m/17p, which were most active against Foxtail millet. In the more sensitive Arabidopsis test the most active substances were 9a and 17m, which displayed GR(50) (concentration of active compound causing 50% growth inhibition) values of 0.2 and 0.5 mg kg(-1) respectively (values of < 50 mg kg(-1) are considered herbicidal).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tali Ashkenazi
- Chemistry Department, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
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28
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Aulenta F, Berndt M, Brüdgam I, Hartl H, Sörgel S, Reissig HU. A New, Efficient and Stereoselective Synthesis of Tricyclic and Tetracyclic Compounds by Samarium Diiodide Induced Cyclisations of Naphthyl-Substituted Arylketones—An Easy Access to Steroid-Like Skeletons. Chemistry 2007; 13:6047-62. [PMID: 17487910 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200700057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this report, we present the application of samarium diiodide induced cyclisations of naphthyl-substituted ketones towards an easy and stereoselective access to tri- and tetracyclic-functionalised compounds. Typical naphthalene derivatives were studied to investigate the scope and limitations of this novel cyclisation process. The model substrates studied demonstrate that the samarium ketyl cyclisations are essentially restricted to the formation of six-membered rings. The diastereoselectivity of these reactions is strongly influenced by the connection of the alkyl side chain to the naphthalene core. Gamma-naphth-1-yl-substituted ketones furnished cyclisation products, such as 17 or 22-26, as single diastereomers, whereas gamma-naphth-2-yl-substituted precursors gave mixtures of diastereomers--as demonstrated by the conversion of model compound 10 into tricyclic products 18 a/18 b, or that of cyclohexanone derivative 33 into tetracyclic diastereomers 34 a/34 b. Cyclic ketones as ketyl precursors furnished steroid-like tetracyclic skeletons; however, due to the cis/cis fusion of rings B/C and C/D these products have an "unnatural" bowl-like shape. Several of the cyclisation products have been identified by X-ray analyses, which not only proved the constitutions, but also the relative configurations and the preferred conformations. Steroid analogue 23 was subjected to subsequent transformations, which demonstrate that the styrene-like double bond of such compounds can be used for further structural diversification. First attempts to synthesise related azasteroids by incorporating nitrogen atoms into the ketone moiety are also reported. Thus, pyrrolidine derivatives 44 and 47 as well as piperidine derivatives 50 and 52 were subjected to samarium diiodide induced cyclisations. The expected tetracyclic products 48, 49 a/49 b, 51 and 53 a/53 b were obtained in moderate to good yields. The stereoselectivities observed follow the rules already established for the all-carbon precursors. The resulting products, bearing a nitrogen atom in ring D, are interesting azasteroid analogues with "unnatural" configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Aulenta
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Bowman WR, Storey JMD. Synthesis using aromatic homolytic substitution—recent advances. Chem Soc Rev 2007; 36:1803-22. [PMID: 18213987 DOI: 10.1039/b605183a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W Russell Bowman
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicester, UK.
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Blot V, Reißig HU. Efficient Synthesis of Medium-Sized Rings Incorporating Indole or Pyrrole Units by Samarium Diiodide Induced Cyclizations. European J Org Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200600743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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31
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Ohno H. Development of Useful Reactions Based on the Novel Reactivities of Allenic Compounds and Their Application to Tandem Cyclizations. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2005; 125:899-925. [PMID: 16327237 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.125.899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights a recent study on allenic compounds by the author's group. In the first section, the organocopper-mediated ring-opening reaction of ethynylaziridines and palladium-catalyzed reductive synthesis of allenes are described. In the second section, palladium-catalyzed stereoselective cyclization of allenes, including the tandem reaction, leading to aziridines, pyrrolidines, benzoisoindoles, and cyclopropanes is presented. The final section reviews aziridination and medium-ring formation due to the intramolecular reaction of bromoallenes. The latter reaction is based on the author's recent discovery that bromoallenes can act as allylic dication equivalents in the presence of a palladium catalyst and alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Ohno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan.
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Majumdar KC, Basu PK, Mukhopadhyay PP. Formation of five- and six-membered heterocyclic rings under radical cyclisation conditions. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.07.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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33
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Kyei AS, Tchabanenko K, Baldwin JE, Adlington RM. Radical dearomatising spirocyclisations onto the C-2 position of benzofuran and indole. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.09.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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34
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Hölemann A, Reissig HU. Regioselective Samarium Diiodide Induced Couplings of Carbonyl Compounds with 1,3-Diphenylallene and Alkoxyallenes: A New Route to 4-Hydroxy-1-enol Ethers. Chemistry 2004; 10:5493-506. [PMID: 15372682 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200400418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Since its introduction into synthetic organic chemistry, samarium diiodide has found broad application in a variety of synthetically important transformations. Herein, we describe the first successful intermolecular additions of samarium ketyls to typical allenes such as 1,3-diphenylallene (7), methoxyallene (12) and benzyloxyallene (25). Reaction of different samarium ketyls with 1,3-diphenylallene (7) occurred exclusively at the central carbon atom of the allene to afford products 9 in moderate to good yields. In contrast, reductive coupling of cyclic ketones to methoxyallene (12) regioselectively provided 4-hydroxy-1-enol ethers 13, which derive from addition to the terminal allene carbon atom of 12, in moderate to good yields. Whereas the E/Z selectivity with respect to the enol ether double bond is low, excellent diastereoselectivity has been observed in certain cases with regard to the ring configuration (e.g. compound 13 b). Studies with deuterated tetrahydrofuran and alcohol were performed to gain information about the reaction mechanism of this coupling process, which involves alkenyl radicals. The couplings of samarium ketyls derived from acyclic ketones and aldehydes gave lower yields, and in several cases cyclopentanols 20 are formed as byproducts. Branched acyclic ketones and conformationally more flexible cyclic ketones such as cycloheptanone led to a relatively high amount of cyclopentanol derivatives 20, whose formation involves an intramolecular hydrogen atom transfer through a geometrically favoured six-membered transition state followed by a cyclization step. The samarium diiodide mediated addition of 8 b to benzyloxyallene (25) afforded the expected enol ethers 26, albeit in only low yield. Additionally, spirocyclic compounds 27 and 28 were obtained, which are formed by a cascade reaction involving an addition/cyclization sequence. In the novel coupling process described here methoxyallene (12) serves as an equivalent of acrolein. The 1,4-dioxygenated products obtained contain a masked aldehyde functionality and are therefore valuable building blocks in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Hölemann
- Institut für Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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35
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Cordero-Vargas A, Quiclet-Sire B, Zard SZ. A new access to C-arylglycosides related to the gilvocarcins. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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36
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Edmonds DJ, Johnston D, Procter DJ. Samarium(II)-Iodide-Mediated Cyclizations in Natural Product Synthesis. Chem Rev 2004; 104:3371-404. [PMID: 15250745 DOI: 10.1021/cr030017a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 496] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David J Edmonds
- Department of Chemistry, The Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK.
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