1
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Chang L, Fischer-Durand N, Gontard G, Bertrand B, Thorimbert S, Dechoux L. A Solvent-free, Catalyst-free Formal [3+3] Cycloaddition Dearomatization Strategy: Towards New Fluorophores for Biomolecules Labelling. ChemSusChem 2021; 14:1821-1824. [PMID: 33651919 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A general, sustainable dearomatization reaction for nitrogen-containing heterocycles was developed. Under solvent free conditions and without catalyst, the biorenewable methyl coumalate (MC) reacted as an efficient C3 partner to convert nine types of basic aromatic rings into their pyrido[1,2-a] fused derivatives in good to excellent yields. The fluorescence properties of some of the products were harnessed to conjugate fluorescent tags to bovine serum albumin (BSA) and immunoglobulin G.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chang
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moleculaire, IPCM, 75005, Paris, France
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Nathalie Fischer-Durand
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moleculaire, IPCM, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Geoffrey Gontard
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moleculaire, IPCM, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Benoît Bertrand
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moleculaire, IPCM, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Serge Thorimbert
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moleculaire, IPCM, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Luc Dechoux
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moleculaire, IPCM, 75005, Paris, France
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2
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Tan K, Jäger C, Körschgen H, Geissler S, Schlenzig D, Buchholz M, Stöcker W, Ramsbeck D. Heteroaromatic Inhibitors of the Astacin Proteinases Meprin α, Meprin β and Ovastacin Discovered by a Scaffold-Hopping Approach. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:976-988. [PMID: 33369214 PMCID: PMC8048867 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Astacin metalloproteinases, in particular meprins α and β, as well as ovastacin, are emerging drug targets. Drug-discovery efforts have led to the development of the first potent and selective inhibitors in the last few years. However, the most recent compounds are based on a highly flexible tertiary amine scaffold that could cause metabolic liabilities or decreased potency due to the entropic penalty upon binding to the target. Thus, the aim of this study was to discover novel conformationally constrained scaffolds as starting points for further inhibitor optimization. Shifting from flexible tertiary amines to rigid heteroaromatic cores resulted in a boost in inhibitory activity. Moreover, some compounds already exhibited higher activity against individual astacin proteinases compared to recently reported inhibitors and also a favorable off-target selectivity profile, thus qualifying them as very suitable chemical probes for target validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Tan
- Department of Drug Design and Target Validation MWTFraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZIBiocenter, Weinbergweg 2206120Halle (Saale)Germany
| | - Christian Jäger
- Department of Drug Design and Target Validation MWTFraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZIBiocenter, Weinbergweg 2206120Halle (Saale)Germany
- present address: Vivoryon Therapeutics N.V.Weinbergweg 2206120Halle (Saale)Germany
| | - Hagen Körschgen
- Institute of Molecular PhysiologyCell and Matrix BiologyJohannes Gutenberg-University MainzJohann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 755128MainzGermany
| | - Stefanie Geissler
- Department of Drug Design and Target Validation MWTFraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZIBiocenter, Weinbergweg 2206120Halle (Saale)Germany
| | - Dagmar Schlenzig
- Department of Drug Design and Target Validation MWTFraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZIBiocenter, Weinbergweg 2206120Halle (Saale)Germany
| | - Mirko Buchholz
- Department of Drug Design and Target Validation MWTFraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZIBiocenter, Weinbergweg 2206120Halle (Saale)Germany
| | - Walter Stöcker
- Institute of Molecular PhysiologyCell and Matrix BiologyJohannes Gutenberg-University MainzJohann-Joachim-Becher-Weg 755128MainzGermany
| | - Daniel Ramsbeck
- Department of Drug Design and Target Validation MWTFraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZIBiocenter, Weinbergweg 2206120Halle (Saale)Germany
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3
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El-Sawy ER, Abdelwahab AB, Kirsch G. Synthetic Routes to Coumarin(Benzopyrone)-Fused Five-Membered Aromatic Heterocycles Built on the α-Pyrone Moiety. Part 1: Five-Membered Aromatic Rings with One Heteroatom. Molecules 2021; 26:483. [PMID: 33477568 PMCID: PMC7831143 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This review gives an up-to-date overview of the different ways (routes) to the synthesis of coumarin (benzopyrone)-fused, five-membered aromatic heterocycles with one heteroatom, built on the pyrone moiety. Covering 1966 to 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eslam Reda El-Sawy
- National Research Centre, Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, Dokki-Cairo 12622, Egypt;
| | | | - Gilbert Kirsch
- Laboratoire Lorrain de Chimie Moléculaire (L.2.C.M.), Université de Lorraine, 57050 Metz, France
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4
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Bloch J, Kradolfer S, L. Gianetti T, Ostendorf D, Dey S, Mougel V, Grützmacher H. Synthesis and Characterization of Ion Pairs between Alkaline Metal Ions and Anionic Anti-Aromatic and Aromatic Hydrocarbons with π-Conjugated Central Seven- and Eight-Membered Rings. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25204742. [PMID: 33076581 PMCID: PMC7594067 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis, isolation and full characterization of ion pairs between alkaline metal ions (Li+, Na+, K+) and mono-anions and dianions obtained from 5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptenyl (C15H11 = trop) is reported. According to Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, single crystal X-ray analysis and Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations, the trop‒ and trop2−• anions show anti-aromatic properties which are dependent on the counter cation M+ and solvent molecules serving as co-ligands. For comparison, the disodium and dipotassium salt of the dianion of dibenzo[a,e]cyclooctatetraene (C16H12 = dbcot) were prepared, which show classical aromatic character. A d8-Rh(I) complex of trop− was prepared and the structure shows a distortion of the C15H11 ligand into a conjugated 10π -benzo pentadienide unit—to which the Rh(I) center is coordinated—and an aromatic 6π electron benzo group which is non-coordinated. Electron transfer reactions between neutral and anionic trop and dbcot species show that the anti-aromatic compounds obtained from trop are significantly stronger reductants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Bloch
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland; (J.B.); (S.K.); (D.O.); (S.D.); (V.M.)
| | - Stefan Kradolfer
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland; (J.B.); (S.K.); (D.O.); (S.D.); (V.M.)
| | - Thomas L. Gianetti
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85719, USA;
| | - Detlev Ostendorf
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland; (J.B.); (S.K.); (D.O.); (S.D.); (V.M.)
| | - Subal Dey
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland; (J.B.); (S.K.); (D.O.); (S.D.); (V.M.)
| | - Victor Mougel
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland; (J.B.); (S.K.); (D.O.); (S.D.); (V.M.)
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland; (J.B.); (S.K.); (D.O.); (S.D.); (V.M.)
- Correspondence:
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5
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Vasquez AM, Gurak JA, Joe CL, Cherney EC, Engle KM. Catalytic α-Hydroarylation of Acrylates and Acrylamides via an Interrupted Hydrodehalogenation Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:10477-10484. [PMID: 32379433 PMCID: PMC7293711 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The palladium-catalyzed, α-selective hydroarylation of acrylates and acrylamides is reported. Under optimized conditions, this method is highly tolerant of a wide range of substrates including those with base sensitive functional groups and/or multiple enolizable carbonyl groups. A detailed mechanistic study was undertaken, and the high selectivity of this transformation was shown to be enabled by the formation of a [PdII(Ar)(H)] intermediate, which performs selective hydride insertion into the β-position of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena M. Vasquez
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - John A. Gurak
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Candice L. Joe
- Chemistry Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Emily C. Cherney
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol Myers Squibb, US Rt. 206 & Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Keary M. Engle
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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6
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Holmberg-Douglas N, Onuska NPR, Nicewicz DA. Regioselective Arene C-H Alkylation Enabled by Organic Photoredox Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:7425-7429. [PMID: 32068943 PMCID: PMC7213045 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202000684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Expanding the toolbox of C-H functionalization reactions applicable to the late-stage modification of complex molecules is of interest in medicinal chemistry, wherein the preparation of structural variants of known pharmacophores is a key strategy for drug development. One manifold for the functionalization of aromatic molecules utilizes diazo compounds and a transition-metal catalyst to generate a metallocarbene species, which is capable of direct insertion into an aromatic C-H bond. However, these high-energy intermediates can often require directing groups or a large excess of substrate to achieve efficient and selective reactivity. Herein, we report that arene cation radicals generated by organic photoredox catalysis engage in formal C-H functionalization reactions with diazoacetate derivatives, furnishing sp2 -sp3 coupled products with moderate-to-good regioselectivity. In contrast to previous methods utilizing metallocarbene intermediates, this transformation does not proceed via a carbene intermediate, nor does it require the presence of a transition-metal catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Holmberg-Douglas
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3290, USA
| | - Nicholas P R Onuska
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3290, USA
| | - David A Nicewicz
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3290, USA
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7
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Trump L, Lemos A, Lallemand B, Pasau P, Mercier J, Lemaire C, Luxen A, Genicot C. Late-Stage 18 F-Difluoromethyl Labeling of N-Heteroaromatics with High Molar Activity for PET Imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:13149-13154. [PMID: 31323171 PMCID: PMC6790700 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201907488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Despite a growing interest in CHF2 in medicinal chemistry, there is a lack of efficient methods for the insertion of CHF18 F into druglike compounds. Herein described is a photoredox flow reaction for 18 F-difluoromethylation of N-heteroaromatics that are widely used in medicinal chemistry. Following the two-step synthesis for a new 18 F-difluoromethylation reagent, the photoredox reaction is completed within two minutes and proceeds by C-H activation, circumventing the need for pre-functionalization of the substrate. The method is operationally simple and affords straightforward access to radiolabeled N-heteroaromatics with high molar activity suitable for biological in vivo studies and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Trump
- Global Chemistry, UCB NewMedicinesUCB Biopharma sprl1420Braine-l'AlleudBelgium
- GIGA-CRC In Vivo ImagingCyclotron Research Center-B30Université de LiègeQuartier Agora, 6 allée du six août4000LiègeBelgium
| | - Agostinho Lemos
- GIGA-CRC In Vivo ImagingCyclotron Research Center-B30Université de LiègeQuartier Agora, 6 allée du six août4000LiègeBelgium
| | - Bénédicte Lallemand
- Global Chemistry, UCB NewMedicinesUCB Biopharma sprl1420Braine-l'AlleudBelgium
| | - Patrick Pasau
- Global Chemistry, UCB NewMedicinesUCB Biopharma sprl1420Braine-l'AlleudBelgium
| | - Joël Mercier
- Global Chemistry, UCB NewMedicinesUCB Biopharma sprl1420Braine-l'AlleudBelgium
| | - Christian Lemaire
- GIGA-CRC In Vivo ImagingCyclotron Research Center-B30Université de LiègeQuartier Agora, 6 allée du six août4000LiègeBelgium
| | - André Luxen
- GIGA-CRC In Vivo ImagingCyclotron Research Center-B30Université de LiègeQuartier Agora, 6 allée du six août4000LiègeBelgium
| | - Christophe Genicot
- Global Chemistry, UCB NewMedicinesUCB Biopharma sprl1420Braine-l'AlleudBelgium
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8
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Wang S, Li Z, Bai X, Yi W, Fu P. Catalytic pyrolysis of lignin in a cascade dual-catalyst system of modified red mud and HZSM-5 for aromatic hydrocarbon production. Bioresour Technol 2019; 278:66-72. [PMID: 30682638 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic pyrolysis of lignin over a dual-catalyst system of modified red mud and HZSM-5 was carried out in a bench-scale micro-reactor. Effects of pyrolysis temperature, modified red mud to HZSM-5 ratio, catalysts to lignin ratio on the yield of products and selectivity of aromatic hydrocarbons were investigated. Results indicated that 550 °C was the optimal pyrolysis temperature with the maximal yield of bio-oil (20.16 wt%). At a modified red mud to HZSM-5 ratio of 1:1, the content of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (MAHs) increased to 41.27% whereas that of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) decreased to 22.65%. Likewise, at a catalysts to lignin ratio of 2:1, a higher content of MAHs was produced with a decreased content of PAHs. The cascade dual-catalyst system may serve as an efficient approach to disposing lignin and red mud wastes with significant environmental impact. Besides, this study provides a solution for the valorization of lignin-rich resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqing Wang
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Clean Energy, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Zhihe Li
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Clean Energy, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Xueyuan Bai
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Clean Energy, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China.
| | - Weiming Yi
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Clean Energy, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Peng Fu
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Clean Energy, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
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9
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Dai L, Wang Y, Liu Y, Ruan R, Duan D, Zhao Y, Yu Z, Jiang L. Catalytic fast pyrolysis of torrefied corn cob to aromatic hydrocarbons over Ni-modified hierarchical ZSM-5 catalyst. Bioresour Technol 2019; 272:407-414. [PMID: 30388578 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) of torrefied corn cob using Ni-modified hierarchical ZSM-5 catalyst was conducted in this study. The prepared catalysts were characterized by N2 adsorption and desorption (N2-BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and temperature-programmed desorption of NH3 (NH3-TPD). NaOH solution treatment resulted in the lower peak intensities of hierarchical ZSM-5 catalyst in the XRD patterns while Ni modification improved the catalyst framework. In addition, NaOH solution treatment created some mesopores or macropores, but the incorporation of Ni reduced BET surface area and volume of micropores. Though the addition of Ni lowered the acidity of catalyst, Ni-modified hierarchical ZSM-5 catalyst led to higher yields and of aromatic hydrocarbons. What is more, hierarchical ZSM-5 catalysts significantly improved the selectivities of mono-aromatics. Kinetic analysis shows that CFP of torrefied corn cob was second-order reaction and the addition of Ni can obtain a lower activation energy compared with hierarchical ZSM-5 catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China; Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Yunpu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China; Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China.
| | - Yuhuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China; Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Roger Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China; Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China; Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Dengle Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China; Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China; Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Zhenting Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China; Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China; Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
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10
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Abstract
Here, we describe that simple ketones can be efficiently employed as electrophiles in Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions via catalytic activation of unstrained C-C bonds. A range of common ketones, such as cyclopentanones, acetophenones, acetone and 1-indanones, could be directly coupled with various arylboronates in high site-selectivity, which offers a distinct entry to more functionalized aromatic ketones. Preliminary mechanistic study suggests that the ketone α-C-C bond was cleaved via oxidative addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Jianchun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Guangbin Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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11
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Castillo A, Quilez Del Moral JF, Barrero AF. Studies in Cyclization of Aromatic Epoxy-acyclicpolyprenes: Lewis Superacids and Titanocene Chloride. Nat Prod Commun 2017; 12:657-658. [PMID: 30496669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Two catalytic cascade cyclization methods (radical and 'cationic) to obtain aromatic polycyclic diterpenes hydroxylated at C3 starting from aromatic epoxypolyprenes were developed. The catalytic use of the Lewis superacid bismuth triflate produces a good yield of cyclized 2 from epoxypolyprene 3. This researchmay well direct future efforts to the synthesis of bioactive natural products.
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12
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Abstract
A method for the trifluoromethylation of arylsilanes is reported. The reaction proceeds with [(phen)CuCF3 ] as the CF3 source under mild, oxidative conditions with high functional-group compatibility. This transformation complements prior trifluoromethylation of arenes in several ways. Most important, this method converts arylsilanes formed by the silylation of aryl C-H bonds to trifluoromethylarenes, thereby allowing the conversion of arenes to trifluoromethylarenes. The unique capabilities of the reported method are demonstrated by the conversion of a C-H bond into a C-CF3 bond in active pharmaceutical ingredients which do not undergo this overall transformation by alternative functionalization processes, including a combination of borylation and trifluoromethylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Morstein
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Haiyun Hou
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Chen Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - John F Hartwig
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
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13
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Sanyoto B, Dwiatmoko AA, Choi JW, Ha JM, Suh DJ, Kim CS, Lim JC. Highly Dispersed Pt Nanoparticles for the Production of Aromatic Hydrocarbons by the Catalytic Degrading of Alkali Lignin. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2016; 16:4565-4569. [PMID: 27483791 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2016.10981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Aromatic hydrocarbons were produced from lignin, a complex natural amorphous polymer commonly regarded as by-product of the pulping process and from biofuel production. The catalytic decomposition of lignin using supported Pt catalysts was performed to produce small molecule hydrocarbons. Aromatic small-molecule hydrocarbon products were identified and quantified using GC/MS and GC-FID, which demonstrated that 27.6% of aromatic hydrocarbons were obtained from the activated carbon-supported Pt (Pt/AC) catalyst which had the highest Pt surface area.
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14
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Jun JW, Hasan Z, Kim CU, Jeong SY, Jhung SH. Aromatization of Ethanol Over Desilicated ZSM-5 Zeolites: Effect of Pore Size in the Mesoporous Region. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2016; 16:4377-4385. [PMID: 27483760 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2016.10990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Mesoporous ZSM-5 zeolites were obtained from microporous ZSM-5 by desilication using aqueous NaOH solutions, and their catalytic activity in the aromatization of ethanol was investigated in order to understand the effects of pore size, in the mesoporous region, on the product distribution and stability of the catalysts. Mesopores generally enhanced the selectivities towards aromatics and stability for aromatization. Mesopores with a maximum pore diameter of around 13 nm were the most effective in the aromatization process (especially for benzene and toluene), suggesting that pore-diameter optimization is necessary for efficient catalysis such as aromatization.
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15
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Barkakaty B, Talukdar B, Lokitz BS. Addition of CFCl3 to Aromatic Aldehydes via in Situ Grignard Reaction. Molecules 2015; 20:15098-107. [PMID: 26295221 PMCID: PMC6331902 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200815098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic modification of trichlorofluoromethane (CFCl3) to non-volatile and useful fluorinated precursors is a cost-effective and an environmentally benign strategy for the safe consumption/destruction of the ozone depleting potential of the reagent. In this report, we present a novel method for in situ Grignard reaction using magnesium powder and CFCl3 for synthesis of dichlorofluoromethyl aromatic alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaka Barkakaty
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, One Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA.
| | - Bandana Talukdar
- Independent Researcher, Juripar, Panjabari, Guwahati 781037, Assam, India.
| | - Bradley S Lokitz
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, One Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA.
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16
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Kart HH, Bayrakdar A, Elcin S, Deligoz H, Karabacak M. Synthesis and investigation of the properties of novel azocalix[4]arenes. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2015; 146:151-162. [PMID: 25813172 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.01.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The azocalix[4]arenes molecules such as methylphenylazocalix[4]aren (MPcalix[4]) and methoxyphenylazocalix[4]aren (MOPcalix[4]) have been synthesized and characterized by experimental FT-IR and (1)H NMR spectral analyses. The fundamental vibrational transitions have been addressed by experimental FT-IR (4000-400 cm(-1)) technique and density functional theory (DFT) employing B3LYP level with the 6-31G(d) and 6-311G(d,p) basis sets. The (1)H NMR spectra of the studied compounds have been recorded in chloroform, and compared with computed data obtained by using gauge including atomic orbital (GIAO) method. Furthermore, thermodynamic properties (heat capacity, entropy, and enthalpy changes) and frontier molecular orbitals of the molecules in the ground state have been calculated by using the same method and basis sets. The non-linear optical properties such as the first order hyperpolarizability (β0), related properties (α0 and Δα) are also computed. Information about the charge density distribution of the molecules and its chemical reactivity has been studied by mapping molecular electrostatic potential surface (MEPs). The scaled vibrational frequency values have been compared with experimental FT-IR spectroscopic data. The correlations between the observed and calculated frequencies are in good agreement with each other as well as the correlation of NMR data. The linear polarizability and first hyperpolarizability of the studied molecules indicate that the compounds are a good candidate of nonlinear optical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Kart
- Department of Physics, Pamukkale University, 20017, Kinikli, Denizli, Turkey
| | - A Bayrakdar
- Department of Physics, Pamukkale University, 20017, Kinikli, Denizli, Turkey
| | - S Elcin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pamukkale University, 20017, Kinikli, Denizli, Turkey
| | - H Deligoz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pamukkale University, 20017, Kinikli, Denizli, Turkey
| | - M Karabacak
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, H.F.T. Technology Faculty, Celal Bayar University, 45400, Turgutlu, Manisa, Turkey.
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17
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Cahard E, Male HPJ, Tissot M, Gaunt MJ. Enantioselective and Regiodivergent Copper-Catalyzed Electrophilic Arylation of Allylic Amides with Diaryliodonium Salts. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:7986-9. [PMID: 26090564 PMCID: PMC4569064 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b03937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A catalytic enantioselective and regiodivergent arylation of alkenes is described. Chiral copper(II)bisoxazoline complexes catalyze the addition of diaryliodonium salts to allylic amides in excellent ee. Moreover, the arylation can be controlled by the electronic nature of the diaryliodonium salt enabling the preparation of nonracemic diaryloxazines or β,β'-diaryl enamides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Cahard
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield
Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Henry P. J. Male
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield
Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Matthieu Tissot
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield
Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J. Gaunt
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield
Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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18
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Miles DH, Guasch J, Toste FD. A Nucleophilic Strategy for Enantioselective Intermolecular α-Amination: Access to Enantioenriched α-Arylamino Ketones. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:7632-5. [PMID: 26066512 PMCID: PMC5152760 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b04518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The enantioselective addition of anilines to azoalkenes was accomplished through the use of a chiral phosphoric acid catalyst. The resulting α-arylamino hydrazones were obtained in good yields and excellent enantioselectivities and provide access to enantioenriched α-arylamino ketones. A serendipitous kinetic resolution of racemic α-arylamino hydrazones is also described.
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Abstract
We have developed an enantiospecific, nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling of unsymmetric 1,3-disubstituted allylic pivalates with arylboroxines. The success of this reaction relies on the use of BnPPh2 as a supporting ligand for the nickel(0) catalyst and NaOMe as a base. This method shows excellent functional group tolerance and broad scope in both the allylic pivalate and arylboroxine, enabling the preparation of 1,3-diaryl allylic products in high yields with excellent levels of regioselectivity and stereochemical fidelity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mary P. Watson
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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20
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Abstract
A method for base-promoted arylation of arenes and heterocycles by aryl halides and aryl triflates is described. Additionally, in situ electrophilic trapping of ArLi intermediates generated in the reaction of benzyne with deprotonated arenes or heterocycles has been developed, providing rapid and easy access to a wide range of highly functionalized polyaryls. Base-promoted arylation methodology complements transition-metal-catalyzed direct arylation and allows access to structures that are not easily accessible via other direct arylation methods. The reactions are highly functional-group tolerant, with alkene, ether, dimethylamino, trifluoromethyl, ester, cyano, halide, hydroxyl, and silyl functionalities compatible with reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Milad Mesgar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Ky Khac Anh Le
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Olafs Daugulis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
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21
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Moraski GC, Oliver AG, Markley LD, Cho S, Franzblau SG, Miller MJ. Scaffold-switching: an exploration of 5,6-fused bicyclic heteroaromatics systems to afford antituberculosis activity akin to the imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-carboxylates. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:3493-8. [PMID: 24909079 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A set of 5,6-fused bicyclic heteroaromatic scaffolds were investigated for their in vitro anti-tubercular activity versus replicating and non-replicating strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in an attempt to find an alternative scaffold to the imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine and imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidines that were previously shown to have potent activity against replicating and drug resistant Mtb. The five new bicyclic heteroaromatic scaffolds explored in this study include a 2,6-dimethylimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine-3-carboxamide (7), a 2,6-dimethyl-1H-indole-3-carboxamide (8), a 6-methyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide (9), a 7-methyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-3-carboxamide (10), and a 5,7-dimethyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-2-carboxamide (11). Additionally, imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines isomers (2 and 12) and a homologous imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine isomer (6) were prepared and compared. Compounds 2 and 6 were found to be the most potent against H37Rv Mtb (MIC's of 0.1 μM and 1.3 μM) and were inactive (MIC >128 μM) against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. Against other non-tubercular mycobacteria strains, compounds 2 and 6 had activity against Mycobacterium avium (16 and 122 μM, respectively), Mycobacterium kansasii (4 and 19 μM, respectively), Mycobacterium bovis BCG (1 and 8 μM, respectively) while all the other scaffolds were inactive (>128 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett C Moraski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Allen G Oliver
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Lowell D Markley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Sanghyun Cho
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Scott G Franzblau
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Marvin J Miller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
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22
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Yonova IM, Johnson AG, Osborne CA, Moore CE, Morrissette NS, Jarvo ER. Stereospecific nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of alkyl Grignard reagents and identification of selective anti-breast-cancer agents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:2422-2427. [PMID: 24478275 PMCID: PMC3991427 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201308666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Alkyl Grignard reagents that contain β-hydrogen atoms were used in a stereospecific nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction to form C(sp(3))-C(sp(3)) bonds. Aryl Grignard reagents were also utilized to synthesize 1,1-diarylalkanes. Several compounds synthesized by this method exhibited selective inhibition of proliferation of MCF-7 breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivelina M Yonova
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine Irvine, CA 92697 (USA)
| | - A George Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine Irvine, CA 92697 (USA)
| | - Charlotte A Osborne
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine Irvine, CA 92697 (USA)
| | - Curtis E Moore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego La Jolla, CA 92093 (USA)
| | - Naomi S Morrissette
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine
| | - Elizabeth R Jarvo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine Irvine, CA 92697 (USA)
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23
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Sarkar D, Melkonyan FS, Gulevich AV, Gevorgyan V. Twofold unsymmetrical C-H functionalization of PyrDipSi-substituted arenes: a general method for the synthesis of substituted meta-halophenols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:10800-4. [PMID: 24038769 PMCID: PMC4105268 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201304884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Two-fold unsymmetrical functionalization of arenes, which includes sequential halogenation/oxygenation reactions, has been developed. This transformation allows for a general and efficient synthesis of substituted meta -halophenols from simple aryl iodides. Importantly, the PyrDipSi (2-diisopropylsilylpyrimidine) group can be easily removed or efficiently converted into valuable functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruba Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W Taylor St, Rm 4500, Chicago, IL 60607 (USA), Fax: (+1) 312-355-0836, Homepage: http://www.chem.uic.edu/vggroup
| | - Ferdinand S. Melkonyan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W Taylor St, Rm 4500, Chicago, IL 60607 (USA), Fax: (+1) 312-355-0836, Homepage: http://www.chem.uic.edu/vggroup
| | - Anton V. Gulevich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W Taylor St, Rm 4500, Chicago, IL 60607 (USA), Fax: (+1) 312-355-0836, Homepage: http://www.chem.uic.edu/vggroup
| | - Vladimir Gevorgyan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W Taylor St, Rm 4500, Chicago, IL 60607 (USA), Fax: (+1) 312-355-0836, Homepage: http://www.chem.uic.edu/vggroup
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24
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Zhang H, Xiao R, Jin B, Xiao G, Chen R. Biomass catalytic pyrolysis to produce olefins and aromatics with a physically mixed catalyst. Bioresour Technol 2013; 140:256-62. [PMID: 23707913 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.04.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Zeolite catalysts with micropores present good catalytic characteristics in biomass catalytic pyrolysis process. However, large-molecule oxygenates produced from pyrolysis cannot enter their pores and would form coke on their surfaces, which decreases hydrocarbon yield and deactivates catalyst rapidly. This paper proposed adding some mesoporous and macroporous catalysts (Gamma-Al2O3, CaO and MCM-41) in the microporous catalyst (LOSA-1) for biomass catalytic pyrolysis. The added catalysts were used to crack the large-molecule oxygenates into small-molecule oxygenates, while LOSA-1 was used to convert these small-molecule oxygenates into olefins and aromatics. The results show that all the additives in LOSA-1 enhanced hydrocarbon yield obviously. The maximum aromatic+olefin yield of 25.3% obtained with 10% Gamma-Al2O3/90% LOSA-1, which was boosted by 39.8% compared to that obtained with pure LOSA-1. Besides, all the additives in LOSA-1 improved the selectivities of low-carbon components in olefins and aromatics significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyan Zhang
- Ministry of Education of Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
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25
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Geary LM, Glasspoole BW, Kim MM, Krische MJ. Successive C-C coupling of dienes to vicinally dioxygenated hydrocarbons: ruthenium catalyzed [4 + 2] cycloaddition across the diol, hydroxycarbonyl, or dione oxidation levels. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:3796-9. [PMID: 23448269 PMCID: PMC3607350 DOI: 10.1021/ja400691t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The ruthenium(0) catalyst generated from Ru3(CO)12 and tricyclohexylphosphine or BIPHEP promotes successive C-C coupling of dienes to vicinally dioxygenated hydrocarbons across the diol, hydroxyketone, and dione oxidation levels to form products of [4 + 2] cycloaddition. A mechanism involving diene-carbonyl oxidative coupling followed by intramolecular carbonyl addition from the resulting allylruthenium intermediate is postulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laina M. Geary
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Ben W. Glasspoole
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Mary M. Kim
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Michael J. Krische
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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26
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Wang H, Chen Z, Qiu J, Yu X, Xie Y, Liu S. [Design, synthesis and activity assessment of aryl-substituent benzyl acid targeting HIV gp41]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2013; 33:221-224. [PMID: 23443776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To synthesize novel aryl-substituent benzyl acid compounds targeting HIV gp41 and characterize their anti-HIV activities. METHODS Twelve analogues of aryl-substituent benzyl acid were designed and synthesized by Suzuki- Miyaura cross-coupling and Knoevenagel condensation reactions using halo-benzyl acid or 3-carboxybenzeneboronic acid as the raw material. The inhibitory activities of these compounds on gp41 six-helix bundle formation were tested by ELISA, and their anti-HIV activities were determined using a luciferase assay. RESULTS The structures of the compounds were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrography. Among the 12 compounds, 5 (7b, 7c, 7d, 7e, and 7g) could inhibit the gp41 six-helix bundle formation, and 7d showed the most potent effect, and could also inhibit the replication of HIV-1 SF33 strain with an IC(50) of 20 µmol/L. CONCLUSION The synthesized aryl-substituent benzyl acid compound 7d could inhibit HIV replication by blocking the gp41 six-helix bundle formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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27
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Abdolmohammadi S, Balalaie S, Barari M, Rominger F. Three-component green reaction of arylaldehydes, 6-amino-1,3- dimethyluracil and active methylene compounds catalyzed by Zr(HSO4)4 under solvent-free conditions. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2013; 16:150-159. [PMID: 23092170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A convenient one-pot, three-component reaction of aromatic aldehydes, 6-amino-1,3-dimethyluracil and active methylene compounds in the presence of Zr(HSO4)4 as a heterogeneous catalyst, under solvent-free conditions brings a very simple and highly efficient method for the preparation of pyrimido[4,5-b]quinolines, pyrimido[5',4':5,6]pyrido[2,3- d]pyrimidines, indeno[2',1':5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines and a new class of pyrimidinedione derivatives in excellent yields. This approach is general and provides several advantages such as simple reaction set-up, very mild reaction conditions, high yields, recyclability of the catalyst and environmentally friendly benign.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrzad Abdolmohammadi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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28
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Suresh R, Kamalakkannan D, Ranganathan K, Arulkumaran R, Sundararajan R, Sakthinathan SP, Vijayakumar S, Sathiyamoorthi K, Mala V, Vanangamudi G, Thirumurthy K, Mayavel P, Thirunarayanan G. Solvent-free synthesis, spectral correlations and antimicrobial activities of some aryl imines. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2013; 101:239-248. [PMID: 23103465 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Revised: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A series of aryl imines have been synthesized by Fly-ash: H2SO4 catalyzed microwave assisted process under solvent-free conditions. The yields of the imines have been found to be more than 87%. The purity of all imines has been checked using their physical constants and spectral data as published earlier in literature. The UV λmaxCN(nm), infrared νCN(cm(-1)), NMR δ(ppm) of CH and CN spectral data have been correlated with Hammett substituent constants and F and R parameters using single and multi-linear regression analysis. From the results of statistical analysis, the effect of substituents on the above spectral data has been studied. The antimicrobial activities of All synthesised imines have been studied using Bauer-Kirby method.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Suresh
- PG & Research Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College, C-Mutlur, Chidambaram 608 102, India
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29
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Shen L, Yang Z, Tang R. Synthesis, luminescence properties of Eu(III) and Tb(III) complexes with a novel aromatic carboxylic acid and their interactions with bovine serum albumin. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2012; 98:170-177. [PMID: 23000929 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Revised: 08/11/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A novel aromatic carboxylic acid ligand (L) was synthesized and its corresponding Eu(III) and Tb(III) complexes, Na(3)EuLCl(3)·2H(2)O (EuL) and Na(3)TbLCl(3)·3H(2)O (TbL), were successfully prepared. L and its corresponding complexes were characterized by means of MS, elemental analysis, IR, (1)H NMR and TG. The luminescence spectra of Eu(III) and Tb(III) complexes were investigated and the results showed that L was an efficient sensitizer for Eu(III) and Tb(III) luminescence. The interactions of L, EuL and TbL with bovine serum albumin (BSA) have been investigated through fluorescence spectroscopy under physiological conditions. The Stern-Volmer analysis indicated that the fluorescence quenching of BSA by L, EuL and TbL was resulted from static mechanism, and the binding constants (K(a)) were 2.22×10(4), 1.33×10(5) and 4.27×10(5) at 300 K, respectively. The binding sites (n) and the corresponding thermodynamic parameters ΔH, ΔS, and ΔG were calculated at different temperatures. According to the theoretical and experimental results, van der Waals interactions and hydrogen bonds were found to play major roles in the binding reaction. Furthermore, UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy and synchronous fluorescence spectra indicated that the conformation of BSA was changed. The results obtained in the work can help understand the action mode between L and its corresponding Eu(III) and Tb(III) complexes with BSA, and they are also expected to provide important information of designs of new inspired drugs based on Eu and Tb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Shen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Nanning 530006, PR China
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30
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Beauchet R, Monteil-Rivera F, Lavoie JM. Conversion of lignin to aromatic-based chemicals (L-chems) and biofuels (L-fuels). Bioresour Technol 2012; 121:328-34. [PMID: 22858503 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Revised: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/23/2012] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Conversion of lignin into chemicals and biofuels was performed using the commercial Kraft lignin, Indulin AT. Lignin was depolymerised in an aqueous alkaline solution using a continuous flow reactor generating four fractions. First is the gas fraction (mainly CO(2)), the second includes methanol, acetic acid and formic acid, thus defined as small organic compounds and third one (up to 19.1 wt.% of lignin) is mostly composed of aromatic monomers. The fourth fraction (45-70 wt.%) contains oligomers (polyaromatic molecules) and modified lignin. Pyrocatechol was the most abundant product at high severities (315°C) with selectivity up to 25.8%. (31)P NMR showed the loss of almost all aliphatic OH groups and apparition of catechol groups during depolymerisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Beauchet
- Industrial Research Chair on Cellulosic Ethanol (CRIEC), Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke,Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
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31
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Zhao Y, Fu Y, Guo QX. Production of aromatic hydrocarbons through catalytic pyrolysis of γ-valerolactone from biomass. Bioresour Technol 2012; 114:740-744. [PMID: 22507905 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Revised: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, γ-valerolactone (GVL) is firstly reported to be converted into aromatic hydrocarbons through catalytic pyrolysis. The catalysts and reaction conditions are both critical in maximizing the hydrocarbon selectivity. Four zeolites, i.e. MCM-41, β-zeolite, ZSM-5 and HZSM-5 were tested in this work, among which HZSM-5 (Si/Al=25) was found to be the most effective catalyst in both reactivity and selectivity. Under the reaction temperature of 500 °C, the highest carbon yield of 56.71% of aromatics was achieved from GVL with HZSM-5 (Si/Al=25) as catalyst. Moreover, the HZSM-5 catalyst was recycled for five times without significant decrease in product selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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Abstract
Selectively fluorinated molecules are important as materials, pharmaceuticals, and agrochemicals, but their synthesis by simple, mild, laboratory methods is challenging. We report a straightforward method for the cross-coupling of aryl and vinyl iodides with a difluoromethyl group generated from readily available reagents to form difluoromethylarenes and difluoromethyl-substituted alkenes. The reaction of electron-neutral, electron-rich, and sterically hindered aryl and vinyl iodides with the combination of CuI, CsF and TMSCF(2)H leads to the formation of difluoromethyl-substituted products in high yield with good functional group compatibility. This transformation is surprising, in part, because of the prior observation of the instability of CuCF(2)H.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick S Fier
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Ru J, Szeto B, Bonifas A, McCreery RL. Microfabrication and integration of diazonium-based aromatic molecular junctions. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2010; 2:3693-3701. [PMID: 21121640 DOI: 10.1021/am100833e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Microfabrication techniques common in commercial semiconductor manufacturing were used to produce carbon/nitroazobenzene/Cu/Au molecular junctions with a range of areas from 3×3 to 400×400 μm, starting with 100-mm-diameter silicon wafers. The approach exhibited high yield (90-100%) and excellent reproducibility of the current density (relative standard deviation of typically 15%) and 32 devices on a chip. Electron-beam-deposited carbon films are introduced as substrates and may be applied at the full wafer level before dicing and electrochemical deposition of the molecular layer. The current scaled with the device area over a factor of >600, and the current density was quantitatively consistent with structurally similar molecular junctions made by other techniques. The current densities were weakly dependent on temperature over the range of 100-390 K, and maximum current densities above 400 A/cm2 were observed without breakdown. To simulate processing and operation conditions, the junction stability was tested at elevated temperatures. The JV curves of microfabricated junctions were unchanged after 22 h at 100 °C. A ∼50% increase in the current density was observed after 20 h at 150 °C but then remained constant for an additional 24 h. Parallel fabrication, thermal stability, and high yield are required for practical applications of molecular electronics, and the reported results provide important steps toward integration of molecular electronic devices with commercial processes and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ru
- National Institute for Nanotechnology, National Research Council Canada, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada
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Polshettiwar V, Decottignies A, Len C, Fihri A. Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions in aqueous media: green and sustainable syntheses of biaryls. ChemSusChem 2010; 3:502-22. [PMID: 20191633 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.200900221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-carbon cross-coupling reactions are among the most important processes in organic chemistry, and Suzuki-Miyaura reactions are among the most widely used protocols for the formation of carbon-carbon bonds. These reactions are generally catalyzed by soluble palladium complexes with various ligands. However, the use of toxic organic solvents remains a scientific challenge and an aspect of economical and ecological relevance. This Review will summarize various recently developed significant methods by which the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling was conducted in aqueous media, and analyzes if they are "real green" protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Polshettiwar
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia.
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35
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Funaioli T, Cavazza M, Zandomeneghi M, Pietra F. On the chiroptical behavior of conjugated multichromophoric compounds of a new pseudoaromatic class: bicolchicides and biisocolchicides. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10617. [PMID: 20485544 PMCID: PMC2868894 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2009] [Accepted: 04/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well known that, stemming from the mutual interplay between chromophores, circular dichroism (CD) is a powerful technique to deal with structural problems for both the small organic molecule and the biopolymer. However, quantitative interpretations of the spectroscopic and structural terms that give rise to the exciton couplet are usually presented for ideal cases, or a few CD bands only are taken into account, overlooking the role of the solvent medium. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Circular dichroism and UV absorption spectra were carried out for colchicide (3) and isocolchicide (6), as well as their coupling products, 10,10'-bicolchicide (2) and 9,9'-biisocolchicide (5), in both hydrogen bonding and non hydrogen bonding solvents, as well as MeCN/H(2)O mixtures. A dramatic control by the solvent emerged, as even tiny changes in the composition of solvent mixtures, at ca 1 water molar fraction, induced a dramatic modification of their CD bands. A mutarotation phenomenon--long known for isocolchicine (8)--was also observed for 5, and can be attributed to the interconversion between atropisomers (R(a),7S),(R(a),7'S)-5a and (R(a),7S),(S(a),7'S)-5b. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our data show that with molecules built on two structurally identical moieties which embody both hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups, even tiny changes in the composition of solvent mixtures cause a dramatic modification of the CD bands. Their analysis arrives at a qualitative rationalization of the observed CD couplets from the coupling of high energy transitions, while attempts at a quantitative interpretation of these phenomena through time-dependent density functional theory allowed to reproduce satisfactorily the CD spectrum in the 300-450 nm region only. Failure with higher energies probably reflects currently inadequate specific theoretical treatments of the solvent medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Funaioli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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36
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Bandyopadhyay D, Rivera G, Salinas I, Aguilar H, Banik BK. Remarkable iodine-catalyzed synthesis of novel pyrrole-bearing N-polyaromatic beta-lactams. Molecules 2010; 15:1082-8. [PMID: 20335963 PMCID: PMC6263204 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15021082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Revised: 02/08/2010] [Accepted: 02/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of their interesting biological properties various methods for the synthesis of substituted pyrroles are described in the literature. However, synthesis of pyrroles fused with a β-lactam ring has not been reported. Our group has demonstrated synthesis and biological evaluation of various β-lactams as anticancer agents. The anticancer activities of these compounds have prompted us to study the synthesis of pyrroles bound to the β-lactams. We have identified an expeditious synthetic method for the preparation of pyrroles fused with β-lactams by reacting 3-amino β-lactams with acetonylacetone in the presence of catalytic amounts (5 mol%) of molecular iodine at room temperature. It has also been discovered that the reaction gives products under domestic and automated microwave oven irradiation. To our knowledge, there are no other prior reports that describe the synthesis of pyrrole-substituted β-lactams.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Bimal K. Banik
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-956-380-8741; Fax: +1-956-384-5006
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Park JJ, Lee JH, Seo KC, Bricard G, Venkataswamy MM, Porcelli SA, Chung SK. Syntheses and biological activities of KRN7000 analogues having aromatic residues in the acyl and backbone chains with varying stereochemistry. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:814-8. [PMID: 20061147 PMCID: PMC5584937 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.12.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2009] [Revised: 12/23/2009] [Accepted: 12/25/2009] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
KRN7000 is an important ligand identified for CD1d protein of APC, and KRN7000/CD1d complex can stimulate NKT cells to release a broad range of bioactive cytokines. In an effort to understand the structure-activity relationships, we have carried out syntheses of 26 new KRN7000 analogues incorporating aromatic residues in either or both side chains. Structural variations of the phytosphingosine moiety also include varying stereochemistry at C3 and C4, and 4-deoxy and 3,4-dideoxy versions. Their biological activities are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Ju Park
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Chang Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Gabriel Bricard
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | | | - Steven A. Porcelli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Sung-Kee Chung
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
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38
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Duplais C, Krasovskiy A, Wattenberg A, Lipshutz BH. Cross-couplings between benzylic and aryl halides "on water": synthesis of diarylmethanes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:562-4. [PMID: 20062862 PMCID: PMC3152455 DOI: 10.1039/b922280d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A remarkably simple entry to unsymmetrical diarylmethanes has been developed that relies on an in situ organozinc-mediated, palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling. Thus, by mixing a benzyl and aryl halide together in the presence of Zn metal and a Pd catalyst, diarylmethanes are formed at room temperature without assistance by a surfactant; hence, "on water".
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Duplais
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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39
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You SL, Xia JB. Palladium-catalyzed aryl-aryl bond formation through double C-H activation. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2010; 292:165-194. [PMID: 21500406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Aryl-aryl bond formation constitutes one of the most important subjects in organic synthesis. The recently developed direct arylation reactions for the formation of aryl-aryl bond have emerged as very attractive alternatives to traditional cross-coupling reactions. Particularly, the direct arylation through double C-H activation using the simple arenes as both coupling partners is a highly economic and attractive method. In this chapter, the recent progress of Pd-catalyzed aryl-aryl oxidative coupling reactions through double C-H activation is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Li You
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China.
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40
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Abstract
Amyloid fibril formation is a common event in more than twenty human diseases and in some normal physiological processes. The mechanism of this ordered aggregation process and the molecular forces driving it are therefore of great importance. One of the strategies used in this field is targeting the fibrillization process by different factors, like, short peptides, organic molecules, etc. Here, we targeted insulin fibril formation by a range of small aromatic molecules, with different numbers of aromatic rings and various substituent groups. Using Thioflavin T fluorescence assay and transmission electron microscopy, we found that all dicyclic and tricyclic compounds in our screen were efficient inhibitors of insulin fibril formation. A common notion regarding amyloid inhibitors is that two functional groups are essentials for interfering with the amyloid formation process; a recognition motif and a bulky group for inducing a steric interference. However, here, we showed that some monocyclic compounds as small as toluene were also found to inhibit fibrillization. In addition, we found that substituent of benzene ring have a great influence on the inhibitory potency. Specifically, cyano, methyl and nitro groups increased the inhibitory potency. The results introduced here may contribute to future rational design of amyloid inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Levy-Sakin
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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41
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Geertsema EM, van der Molen SJ, Martens M, Feringa BL. Optimizing rotary processes in synthetic molecular motors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:16919-24. [PMID: 19805100 PMCID: PMC2761338 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0903710106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We deal with the issue of quantifying and optimizing the rotation dynamics of synthetic molecular motors. For this purpose, the continuous four-stage rotation behavior of a typical light-activated molecular motor was measured in detail. All reaction constants were determined empirically. Next, we developed a Markov model that describes the full motor dynamics mathematically. We derived expressions for a set of characteristic quantities, i.e., the average rate of quarter rotations or "velocity," V, the spread in the average number of quarter rotations, D, and the dimensionless Péclet number, Pe = V/D. Furthermore, we determined the rate of full, four-step rotations (Omega(eff)), from which we derived another dimensionless quantity, the "rotational excess," r.e. This quantity, defined as the relative difference between total forward (Omega(+)) and backward (Omega(-)) full rotations, is a good measure of the unidirectionality of the rotation process. Our model provides a pragmatic tool to optimize motor performance. We demonstrate this by calculating V, D, Pe, Omega(eff), and r.e. for different rates of thermal versus photochemical energy input. We find that for a given light intensity, an optimal temperature range exists in which the motor exhibits excellent efficiency and unidirectional behavior, above or below which motor performance decreases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edzard M. Geertsema
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sense Jan van der Molen
- Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratorium, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands; and
| | - Marco Martens
- Institute for Mathematical Sciences, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3651
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
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42
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Tanpure RP, Harkrider AR, Strecker TE, Hamel E, Trawick ML, Pinney KG. Application of the McMurry coupling reaction in the synthesis of tri- and tetra-arylethylene analogues as potential cancer chemotherapeutic agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:6993-7001. [PMID: 19733085 PMCID: PMC2935255 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2009] [Revised: 08/01/2009] [Accepted: 08/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Structural redesign of selected non-steroidal estrogen receptor binding compounds has previously been successful in the discovery of new inhibitors of tubulin assembly. Accordingly, tetra-substituted alkene analogues (21-30) were designed based in part on combinations of the structural and electronic components of tamoxifen and combretastatin A-4 (CA4). The McMurry coupling reaction was used as the key synthetic step in the preparation of these tri- and tetra-arylethylene analogues. The structural assignment of E, Z isomers was determined on the basis of 2D-NOESY experiments. The ability of these compounds to inhibit tubulin polymerization and cell growth in selected human cancer cell lines was evaluated. Although the compounds were found to be less potent than CA4, these analogues significantly advance the known structure-activity relationship associated with the colchicine binding site on beta-tubulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra P. Tanpure
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, USA
| | - Amanda R. Harkrider
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, USA
| | - Tracy E. Strecker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, USA
| | - Ernest Hamel
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Mary Lynn Trawick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, USA
| | - Kevin G. Pinney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Martins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
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44
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Abstract
Carotenoids are important precursors of a variety of compounds: the C(20)-retinoids, the C(15)-phytohormones, and the C(9)- to C(13)-aromas. Among the last type, C(13)-carotenoid-derived compounds (norterpenoids/norisoprenoids) such as ionones and damascones, constitute an essential aroma note in tea, grapes, roses, tobacco, and wine. Extraction of carotenoid-derived aroma compounds from plant sources is not economically realistic or considerably expensive. The biotechnological production of aroma compounds represents a feasible alternative and offers the production of enantiomerically pure molecules which can be labeled as "natural." To date, research in the production of ionones or the C(10)-compound, safranal, has mainly been focused on plant dioxygenases that cleave carotenoids in the positions between carbons 9 and 10 (9'-10') or 7 and 8 (7'-8'), respectively. Although relatively little is known about the microbial conversion of carotenoids into compounds with aroma due to the well known advantages of manipulating microorganisms, the aim of this work is to review the current state of the research in microbial production of norisoprenoids and other aroma compounds derived from carotenoid cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Rodríguez-Bustamante
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, DF, Mexico.
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Huitema C, Zhang J, Yin J, James MNG, Vederas JC, Eltis LD. Heteroaromatic ester inhibitors of hepatitis A virus 3C proteinase: Evaluation of mode of action. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:5761-77. [PMID: 18407505 PMCID: PMC7125897 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2008] [Accepted: 03/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The related 3C and 3C-like proteinase (3C(pro) and 3CL(pro)) of picornaviruses and coronaviruses, respectively, are good drug targets. As part of an effort to generate broad-spectrum inhibitors of these enzymes, we screened a library of inhibitors based on a halopyridinyl ester from a previous study of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) 3CL proteinase against Hepatitis A virus (HAV) 3C(pro). Three of the compounds, which also had furan rings, inhibited the cleavage activity of HAV 3C(pro) with K(ic)s of 120-240nM. HPLC-based assays revealed that the inhibitors were slowly hydrolyzed by both HAV 3C(pro) and SARS 3CL(pro), confirming the identity of the expected products. Mass spectrometric analyses indicated that this hydrolysis proceeded via an acyl-enzyme intermediate. Modeling studies indicated that the halopyridinyl moiety of the inhibitor fits tightly into the S1-binding pocket, consistent with the lack of tolerance of the inhibitors to modification in this portion of the molecule. These compounds are among the most potent non-peptidic inhibitors reported to date against a 3C(pro).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly Huitema
- Department of Microbiology, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Science Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3
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46
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Clift MD, Silverman RB. Synthesis and evaluation of novel aromatic substrates and competitive inhibitors of GABA aminotransferase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:3122-5. [PMID: 17988865 PMCID: PMC2480492 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2007] [Revised: 10/15/2007] [Accepted: 10/16/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The design, synthesis, and evaluation of novel gamma-aminobutyric acid aminotransferase (GABA-AT) inhibitors and inactivators can lead to the discovery of new GABA-related therapeutics. To this end, a series of aromatic amino acid compounds was synthesized to aid in the design of new inhibitors and inactivators of GABA-AT. All compounds were tested as competitive inhibitors of GABA-AT. The amino acids with benzylic amines were also tested as substrates for GABA-AT. It was found that these compounds were all poor competitive inhibitors of GABA-AT, but some were substrates of the enzyme, suggesting their utility as scaffolds for potential GABA-AT mechanism-based inactivators. Computer modeling was used to rationalize the substrate activity of the various compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Clift
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA
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Memarian HR, Mohammadpoor-Baltork I, Nikoofar K. Ultrasound-assisted thiocyanation of aromatic and heteroaromatic compounds using ammonium thiocyanate and DDQ. Ultrason Sonochem 2008; 15:456-462. [PMID: 18024154 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2007.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2007] [Revised: 09/16/2007] [Accepted: 09/18/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Thiocyanation of various aromatic and heteroaromatic compounds has been achieved in the presence of ammonium thiocyanate (NH(4)SCN) and 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) in methanol solution under ultrasound irradiation. An ultrasonic probe of 24 kHz frequency has been used for this study. Whereas the use of ultrasound increases the rate of reactions compared with reactions at reflux conditions, the electron-donor ability of aromatic nucleus enhances also the rate of reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid R Memarian
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Isfahan, 81746-73441 Isfahan, Iran.
| | | | - Kobra Nikoofar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Isfahan, 81746-73441 Isfahan, Iran
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48
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Abstract
Amino acids, the building blocks of proteins, also serve as precursors to a wide range of other naturally occurring substances including alkaloids, antibiotics, and, the subject of this Review, heterocyclic peptides. Simple alpha-amino acids are converted into complex arrays of heteroaromatic rings that display interesting and potent biological activity. The thiopeptide antibiotics, with their complex molecular architectures, are wonderful examples. In this Review we show how organic chemists have developed innovative methods for the synthesis of the heterocyclic ring systems, including routes inspired by the likely biosynthetic processes, and successfully assembled such building blocks into the final target molecule by application of orthogonal protecting groups and coupling methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael A Hughes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, 0315-Oslo, Norway
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49
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of aromatic beta-selenolactams being used in agricultural chemicals. A series of beta-selenolactams with aromatic substituents at the 1-, 2- and 3-positions were synthesized and their bioactivities were evaluated. Acarianicidal and insecticidal activity against common destructive insects, antibacterial activity against seven common plant pathogens, and plant growth activity of typical food crops were investigated. We found that introduction of 4-chloro and 4-methyl groups on 2- or 3-phenyl groups of the beta-selenolactam ring brought about acarianicidal activity against adults and eggs of Plutella xylostella. However, except for moderate to weak effect on fatality of Culex pipiens molestus Forskal, insecticidal activity against two other kinds of insects, antibacterial activity against plant pathogens, and activity on plant growth regulation were not detected among the beta-selenolactam derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsutoshi Kimura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu, Japan.
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50
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Abstract
The palladium-mediated coupling reaction between triorganoindium reagents and organic electrophiles is extended to the synthesis of heteroaromatic compounds. Both electron-rich and electron-poor heterocycles can act as the organic electrophile or as the organoindium derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Font-Sanchis
- División de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain
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