1
|
Fier PS, Kim S. Transition-Metal-Free C-N Cross-Coupling Enabled by a Multifunctional Reagent. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:6476-6480. [PMID: 38437454 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
We report the design and development of a transition-metal-free cross-coupling reaction of phenols and primary amines using a simple and readily available multifunctional reagent. The reactions work by induced proximity and electronic activation of both the nucleophile and the electrophile for net dehydrative C-N coupling reactions. Notably, the reactions do not involve the use of a transition metal for C-N bond formation, preactivation of the phenol electrophile, or exclusion of air or moisture. The mild conditions tolerate a broad range of functional groups and allow for this to be applied to the late-stage functionalization of complex substrates with a wide scope of coupling partners.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick S Fier
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Suhong Kim
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fier PS, Roberts RA, Larson RT. The Direct Conversion of Esters to Ketones Enabled by a Traceless Activating Group. Org Lett 2023; 25:3131-3135. [PMID: 37099748 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
We report here the design and development of a method for the single-step conversion of esters to ketones with simple reagents. The selective transformation of esters to ketones, rather than tertiary alcohols, is made possible by the use of a transient sulfinate group on the nucleophile that activates the adjacent carbon toward deprotonation to form a carbanion that adds to the ester, followed by a second deprotonation to prevent further addition. The resulting dianion undergoes spontaneous fragmentation of the SO2 group upon quenching with water to reveal the ketone product.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick S Fier
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Riley A Roberts
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Reed T Larson
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Benkovics T, Peng F, Phillips EM, An C, Bade RS, Chung CK, Dance ZEX, Fier PS, Forstater JH, Liu Z, Liu Z, Maligres PE, Marshall NM, Salehi Marzijarani N, McIntosh JA, Miller SP, Moore JC, Neel AJ, Obligacion JV, Pan W, Pirnot MT, Poirier M, Reibarkh M, Sherry BD, Song ZJ, Tan L, Turnbull BWH, Verma D, Waldman JH, Wang L, Wang T, Winston MS, Xu F. Diverse Catalytic Reactions for the Stereoselective Synthesis of Cyclic Dinucleotide MK-1454. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:5855-5863. [PMID: 35333525 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c12106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
As practitioners of organic chemistry strive to deliver efficient syntheses of the most complex natural products and drug candidates, further innovations in synthetic strategies are required to facilitate their efficient construction. These aspirational breakthroughs often go hand-in-hand with considerable reductions in cost and environmental impact. Enzyme-catalyzed reactions have become an impressive and necessary tool that offers benefits such as increased selectivity and waste limitation. These benefits are amplified when enzymatic processes are conducted in a cascade in combination with novel bond-forming strategies. In this article, we report a highly diastereoselective synthesis of MK-1454, a potent agonist of the stimulator of interferon gene (STING) signaling pathway. The synthesis begins with the asymmetric construction of two fluoride-bearing deoxynucleotides. The routes were designed for maximum convergency and selectivity, relying on the same benign electrophilic fluorinating reagent. From these complex subunits, four enzymes are used to construct the two bridging thiophosphates in a highly selective, high yielding cascade process. Critical to the success of this reaction was a thorough understanding of the role transition metals play in bond formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Benkovics
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Feng Peng
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Eric M Phillips
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Chihui An
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Rachel S Bade
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Cheol K Chung
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Zachary E X Dance
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Patrick S Fier
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Jacob H Forstater
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Zhijian Liu
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Zhuqing Liu
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Peter E Maligres
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Nicholas M Marshall
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Nastaran Salehi Marzijarani
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - John A McIntosh
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Steven P Miller
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Jeffrey C Moore
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Andrew J Neel
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Jennifer V Obligacion
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Weilan Pan
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Michael T Pirnot
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Marc Poirier
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Mikhail Reibarkh
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Benjamin D Sherry
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Zhiguo Jake Song
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Lushi Tan
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Ben W H Turnbull
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Deeptak Verma
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Jacob H Waldman
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Matthew S Winston
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
McIntosh JA, Benkovics T, Silverman SM, Huffman MA, Kong J, Maligres PE, Itoh T, Yang H, Verma D, Pan W, Ho HI, Vroom J, Knight AM, Hurtak JA, Klapars A, Fryszkowska A, Morris WJ, Strotman NA, Murphy GS, Maloney KM, Fier PS. Engineered Ribosyl-1-Kinase Enables Concise Synthesis of Molnupiravir, an Antiviral for COVID-19. ACS Cent Sci 2021; 7:1980-1985. [PMID: 34963891 PMCID: PMC8704035 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c00608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Molnupiravir (MK-4482) is an investigational antiviral agent that is under development for the treatment of COVID-19. Given the potential high demand and urgency for this compound, it was critical to develop a short and sustainable synthesis from simple raw materials that would minimize the time needed to manufacture and supply molnupiravir. The route reported here is enabled through the invention of a novel biocatalytic cascade featuring an engineered ribosyl-1-kinase and uridine phosphorylase. These engineered enzymes were deployed with a pyruvate-oxidase-enabled phosphate recycling strategy. Compared to the initial route, this synthesis of molnupiravir is 70% shorter and approximately 7-fold higher yielding. Looking forward, the biocatalytic approach to molnupiravir outlined here is anticipated to have broad applications for streamlining the synthesis of nucleosides in general.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John A. McIntosh
- Department
of Process Research and Development, Merck
& Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Tamas Benkovics
- Department
of Process Research and Development, Merck
& Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Steven M. Silverman
- Department
of Process Research and Development, Merck
& Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Mark A. Huffman
- Department
of Process Research and Development, Merck
& Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Jongrock Kong
- Department
of Process Research and Development, Merck
& Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Peter E. Maligres
- Department
of Process Research and Development, Merck
& Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Tetsuji Itoh
- Department
of Process Research and Development, Merck
& Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Hao Yang
- Department
of Process Research and Development, Merck
& Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Deeptak Verma
- Department
of Process Research and Development, Merck
& Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Weilan Pan
- Department
of Process Research and Development, Merck
& Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Hsing-I Ho
- Department
of Process Research and Development, Merck
& Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Jonathan Vroom
- Codexis,
Inc., 200 Penobscot Drive, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Anders M. Knight
- Codexis,
Inc., 200 Penobscot Drive, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Jessica A. Hurtak
- Codexis,
Inc., 200 Penobscot Drive, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Artis Klapars
- Department
of Process Research and Development, Merck
& Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Anna Fryszkowska
- Department
of Process Research and Development, Merck
& Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - William J. Morris
- Department
of Process Research and Development, Merck
& Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Neil A. Strotman
- Department
of Process Research and Development, Merck
& Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Grant S. Murphy
- Department
of Process Research and Development, Merck
& Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Kevin M. Maloney
- Department
of Process Research and Development, Merck
& Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Patrick S. Fier
- Department
of Process Research and Development, Merck
& Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fier PS, Xu Y, Poirier M, Brito G, Zheng M, Bade R, Sirota E, Stone K, Tan L, Humphrey GR, Chang D, Bothe J, Zhang Y, Bernardoni F, Castro S, Zompa MA, Taylor J, Sirk KM, Diaz-Santana A, Diribe I, Emerson KM, Krishnamurthi B, Zhao R, Ward M, Xiao C, Ouyand H, Zhan J, Morris WJ. Development of a Robust Manufacturing Route for Molnupiravir, an Antiviral for the Treatment of COVID-19. Org Process Res Dev 2021; 25:2806-2815. [PMID: 35095257 PMCID: PMC8790826 DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Herein is described the development of a large-scale manufacturing process for molnupiravir, an orally dosed antiviral that was recently demonstrated to be efficacious for the treatment of patients with COVID-19. The yield, robustness, and efficiency of each of the five steps were improved, ultimately culminating in a 1.6-fold improvement in overall yield and a dramatic increase in the overall throughput compared to the baseline process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick S. Fier
- Department
of Process Research and Development, Merck
& Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Yingju Xu
- Department
of Process Research and Development, Merck
& Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Marc Poirier
- Department
of Process Research and Development, Merck
& Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Gilmar Brito
- Department
of Process Research and Development, Merck
& Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Michelle Zheng
- Department
of Process Research and Development, Merck
& Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Rachel Bade
- Department
of Process Research and Development, Merck
& Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Eric Sirota
- Department
of Process Research and Development, Merck
& Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Kevin Stone
- Department
of Process Research and Development, Merck
& Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Lushi Tan
- Department
of Process Research and Development, Merck
& Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Guy R. Humphrey
- Department
of Process Research and Development, Merck
& Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Darryl Chang
- Department
of Process Research and Development, Merck
& Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Jameson Bothe
- Department
of Process Research and Development, Merck
& Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Yongqian Zhang
- Department
of Process Research and Development, Merck
& Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Frank Bernardoni
- Department
of Process Research and Development, Merck
& Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Steve Castro
- Department
of Process Research and Development, Merck
& Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Michael A. Zompa
- Department
of Process Research and Development, Merck
& Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Jerry Taylor
- Department
of Process Research and Development, Merck
& Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Kevin M. Sirk
- Department
of Process Research and Development, Merck
& Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Anthony Diaz-Santana
- Department
of Process Research and Development, Merck
& Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Ike Diribe
- Department
of Process Research and Development, Merck
& Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Khateeta M. Emerson
- Department
of Process Research and Development, Merck
& Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Bharath Krishnamurthi
- Department
of Process Research and Development, Merck
& Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Ralph Zhao
- Department
of Process Research and Development, Merck
& Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Michael Ward
- Department
of Process Research and Development, Merck
& Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Chengqian Xiao
- WuXi
AppTec Co., Ltd., WaiGaoQiao
Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Honggui Ouyand
- WuXi
AppTec Co., Ltd., WaiGaoQiao
Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhan
- WuXi
AppTec Co., Ltd., WaiGaoQiao
Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - William J. Morris
- Department
of Process Research and Development, Merck
& Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kim J, Itoh T, Xu F, Dance ZEX, Waldman JH, Wallace DJ, Wu F, Kats-Kagan R, Ekkati AR, Brunskill APJ, Peng F, Fier PS, Obligacion JV, Sherry BD, Liu Z, Emerson KM, Fine AJ, Jenks AV, Armenante ME. Development of a Practical Manufacturing Process to Relebactam via Thorough Understanding of the Origin and Control of Oligomeric Impurities. Org Process Res Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jungchul Kim
- Process Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Tetsuji Itoh
- Process Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Feng Xu
- Process Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Zachary E. X. Dance
- Process Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Jacob H. Waldman
- Process Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Debra J. Wallace
- Process Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Feiyue Wu
- Process Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Roman Kats-Kagan
- Process Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Anil R. Ekkati
- Process Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Andrew P. J. Brunskill
- Process Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Feng Peng
- Process Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Patrick S. Fier
- Process Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Jennifer V. Obligacion
- Process Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Benjamin D. Sherry
- Process Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Zhijian Liu
- Process Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Khateeta M. Emerson
- Process Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Adam J. Fine
- Process Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Anna V. Jenks
- Process Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Marco Euclide Armenante
- Chemical Commercialization Technology, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Quiroz RV, Reutershan MH, Schneider SE, Sloman D, Lacey BM, Swalm BM, Yeung CS, Gibeau C, Spellman DS, Rankic DA, Chen D, Witter D, Linn D, Munsell E, Feng G, Xu H, Hughes JME, Lim J, Saurí J, Geddes K, Wan M, Mansueto MS, Follmer NE, Fier PS, Siliphaivanh P, Daublain P, Palte RL, Hayes RP, Lee S, Kawamura S, Silverman S, Sanyal S, Henderson TJ, Ye Y, Gao Y, Nicholson B, Machacek MR. The Discovery of Two Novel Classes of 5,5-Bicyclic Nucleoside-Derived PRMT5 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Cancer. J Med Chem 2021; 64:3911-3939. [PMID: 33755451 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is a type II arginine methyltransferase that catalyzes the post-translational symmetric dimethylation of protein substrates. PRMT5 plays a critical role in regulating biological processes including transcription, cell cycle progression, RNA splicing, and DNA repair. As such, dysregulation of PRMT5 activity is implicated in the development and progression of multiple cancers and is a target of growing clinical interest. Described herein are the structure-based drug designs, robust synthetic efforts, and lead optimization strategies toward the identification of two novel 5,5-fused bicyclic nucleoside-derived classes of potent and efficacious PRMT5 inhibitors. Utilization of compound docking and strain energy calculations inspired novel designs, and the development of flexible synthetic approaches enabled access to complex chemotypes with five contiguous stereocenters. Additional efforts in balancing bioavailability, solubility, potency, and CYP3A4 inhibition led to the identification of diverse lead compounds with favorable profiles, promising in vivo activity, and low human dose projections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan V Quiroz
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Michael H Reutershan
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Sebastian E Schneider
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - David Sloman
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Brian M Lacey
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Brooke M Swalm
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Charles S Yeung
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Craig Gibeau
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Daniel S Spellman
- Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, Lansdale, Pennsylvania 19446, United States
| | - Danica A Rankic
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Dapeng Chen
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - David Witter
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Doug Linn
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Erik Munsell
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Guo Feng
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Haiyan Xu
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Jonathan M E Hughes
- Merck & Co., Inc., 126 East Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Jongwon Lim
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Josep Saurí
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Kristin Geddes
- Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, Lansdale, Pennsylvania 19446, United States
| | - Murray Wan
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - My Sam Mansueto
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Nicole E Follmer
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Patrick S Fier
- Merck & Co., Inc., 126 East Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Phieng Siliphaivanh
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Pierre Daublain
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Rachel L Palte
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Robert P Hayes
- Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, Lansdale, Pennsylvania 19446, United States
| | - Sandra Lee
- Merck & Co., Inc., 126 East Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Shuhei Kawamura
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Steven Silverman
- Merck & Co., Inc., 126 East Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Sulagna Sanyal
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Timothy J Henderson
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Yingchun Ye
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Yuanwei Gao
- Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, Lansdale, Pennsylvania 19446, United States
| | - Benjamin Nicholson
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Michelle R Machacek
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick S. Fier
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Suhong Kim
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Ryan D. Cohen
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Reilly SW, Bennett F, Fier PS, Ren S, Strotman NA. Late‐Stage
18
O Labeling of Primary Sulfonamides via a Degradation–Reconstruction Pathway. Chemistry 2020; 26:4251-4255. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sean W. Reilly
- Department of Process Research & Development, MRL Merck & Co., Inc. Rahway NJ 07065 USA
| | - Frank Bennett
- Department of Process Research & Development, MRL Merck & Co., Inc. Rahway NJ 07065 USA
| | - Patrick S. Fier
- Department of Process Research & Development, MRL Merck & Co., Inc. Rahway NJ 07065 USA
| | - Sumei Ren
- Department of Process Research & Development, MRL Merck & Co., Inc. Rahway NJ 07065 USA
| | - Neil A. Strotman
- Department of Process Research & Development, MRL Merck & Co., Inc. Rahway NJ 07065 USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fier PS, Kim S, Maloney KM. Reductive Cleavage of Secondary Sulfonamides: Converting Terminal Functional Groups into Versatile Synthetic Handles. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:18416-18420. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b10985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick S. Fier
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Suhong Kim
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Kevin M. Maloney
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
We describe the development of the first reductive cross-electrophile coupling between alkyl sulfones and aryl bromides. The use of alkyl sulfones offers strategic advantages over other alkyl electrophiles as they can be incorporated into molecules in unique ways and permit α-functionalization prior to coupling. The conditions developed here enable incorporation of a wide array of aromatic rings onto (fluoro)alkyl scaffolds with broad functional group tolerance and generality, making this a practical method for late-stage diversification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M E Hughes
- Department of Process Research and Development , Merck & Co., Inc. , Rahway , New Jersey 07065 , United States
| | - Patrick S Fier
- Department of Process Research and Development , Merck & Co., Inc. , Rahway , New Jersey 07065 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick S. Fier
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Kevin M. Maloney
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ren S, Fier PS, Ren H, Hoover AJ, Hesk D, Marques R, Mergelsberg I. 34S: A New Opportunity for the Efficient Synthesis of Stable Isotope Labeled Compounds. Chemistry 2018; 24:7133-7136. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumei Ren
- Department of Process Research & Development, Merck Research Laboratories (MRL); Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp; Rahway NJ 07065 USA
| | - Patrick S. Fier
- Department of Process Research & Development, Merck Research Laboratories (MRL); Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp; Rahway NJ 07065 USA
| | - Hong Ren
- Department of Process Research & Development, Merck Research Laboratories (MRL); Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp; Rahway NJ 07065 USA
| | - Andrew J. Hoover
- Department of Process Research & Development, Merck Research Laboratories (MRL); Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp; Rahway NJ 07065 USA
| | - David Hesk
- Department of Process Research & Development, Merck Research Laboratories (MRL); Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp; Rahway NJ 07065 USA
| | - Rosemary Marques
- Department of Process Research & Development, Merck Research Laboratories (MRL); Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp; Rahway NJ 07065 USA
| | - Ingrid Mergelsberg
- Department of Process Research & Development, Merck Research Laboratories (MRL); Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp; Rahway NJ 07065 USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick S. Fier
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick S. Fier
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Kevin M. Maloney
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick S. Fier
- Department of Process Research and Development; Merck & Co., Inc.; Rahway NJ USA
| | - Kevin M. Maloney
- Department of Process Research and Development; Merck & Co., Inc.; Rahway NJ USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Fier PS, Maloney KM. Synthesis of Complex Phenols Enabled by a Rationally Designed Hydroxide Surrogate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:4478-4482. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201700244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick S. Fier
- Department of Process Research and Development; Merck & Co., Inc.; Rahway NJ USA
| | - Kevin M. Maloney
- Department of Process Research and Development; Merck & Co., Inc.; Rahway NJ USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
The development of a rapid, one-pot synthesis of diazepinones with simple reagents is described. N-Carboxyanhydrides (NCAs) are employed as amino acid building blocks that react with o-ketoanilines sequentially as electrophiles and nucleophiles to form diazepinones with water and carbon dioxide as byproducts. Notably, these reactions enable the coupling of stereodefined amino acid derived NCAs without racemization. This method is demonstrated by an improved synthesis of a key intermediate toward a bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) bromodomain inihibitor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick S Fier
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc. , Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Aaron M Whittaker
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc. , Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick S. Fier
- Department of Process & Analytical Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Kevin M. Maloney
- Department of Process & Analytical Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 East Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Fier PS, Hartwig JF. Synthesis and late-stage functionalization of complex molecules through C-H fluorination and nucleophilic aromatic substitution. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:10139-47. [PMID: 24918484 PMCID: PMC4227713 DOI: 10.1021/ja5049303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We report the late-stage functionalization of multisubstituted pyridines and diazines at the position α to nitrogen. By this process, a series of functional groups and substituents bound to the ring through nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, or carbon are installed. This functionalization is accomplished by a combination of fluorination and nucleophilic aromatic substitution of the installed fluoride. A diverse array of functionalities can be installed because of the mild reaction conditions revealed for nucleophilic aromatic substitutions (S(N)Ar) of the 2-fluoroheteroarenes. An evaluation of the rates for substitution versus the rates for competitive processes provides a framework for planning this functionalization sequence. This process is illustrated by the modification of a series of medicinally important compounds, as well as the increase in efficiency of synthesis of several existing pharmaceuticals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick S Fier
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
The attachment of perfluoroalkyl groups onto organic compounds has been a major synthetic goal over the past several decades. Previously, our group reported phenanthroline-ligated perfluoroalkyl copper reagents, (phen)CuRF, which react with aryl iodides and aryl boronates to form the corresponding benzotrifluorides. Herein the perfluoroalkylation of a series of heteroaryl bromides with (phen)CuCF3 and (phen)CuCF2CF3 is reported. The mild reaction conditions allow the process to tolerate many common functional groups. Perfluoroethylation with (phen)CuCF2CF3 occurs in somewhat higher yields than trifluoromethylation with (phen)CuCF3, creating a method to generate fluoroalkyl heteroarenes that are less accessible from trifluoroacetic acid derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael
G. Mormino
- University of California, Department of Chemistry, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Patrick S. Fier
- University of California, Department of Chemistry, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - John F. Hartwig
- University of California, Department of Chemistry, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
Fluorinated heterocycles are prevalent in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and materials. However, reactions that incorporate fluorine into heteroarenes are limited in scope and can be hazardous. We present a broadly applicable and safe method for the site-selective fluorination of a single carbon-hydrogen bond in pyridines and diazines using commercially available silver(II) fluoride. The reactions occur at ambient temperature within 1 hour with exclusive selectivity for fluorination adjacent to nitrogen. The mild conditions allow access to fluorinated derivatives of medicinally important compounds, as well as a range of 2-substituted pyridines prepared by subsequent nucleophilic displacement of fluoride. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that the pathway of a classic pyridine amination can be adapted for selective fluorination of a broad range of nitrogen heterocycles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick S Fier
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
A method for the direct conversion of arylboronate esters to aryl fluorides under mild conditions with readily available reagents is reported. Tandem reactions have also been developed for the fluorination of arenes and aryl bromides through arylboronate ester intermediates. Mechanistic studies suggest that this fluorination reaction occurs through facile oxidation of Cu(I) to Cu(III), followed by rate-limiting transmetalation of a bound arylboronate to Cu(III). Fast C-F reductive elimination is proposed to occur from an aryl-copper(III)-fluoride complex. Cu(III) intermediates have been generated independently and identified by NMR spectroscopy and ESI-MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick S Fier
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick S Fier
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
|
26
|
Abstract
The synthesis of aryl fluorides has been studied intensively because of the importance of aryl fluorides in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and materials. The stability, reactivity, and biological properties of aryl fluorides can be distinct from those of the corresponding arenes. Methods for the synthesis of aryl fluorides, however, are limited. We report the conversion of a diverse set of aryl iodides to the corresponding aryl fluorides. This reaction occurs with a cationic copper reagent and silver fluoride. Preliminary results suggest this reaction is enabled by a facile reductive elimination from a cationic arylcopper(III) fluoride.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick S Fier
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
Selectively fluorinated molecules are important as materials, pharmaceuticals, and agrochemicals, but their synthesis by simple, mild, laboratory methods is challenging. We report a straightforward method for the cross-coupling of aryl and vinyl iodides with a difluoromethyl group generated from readily available reagents to form difluoromethylarenes and difluoromethyl-substituted alkenes. The reaction of electron-neutral, electron-rich, and sterically hindered aryl and vinyl iodides with the combination of CuI, CsF and TMSCF(2)H leads to the formation of difluoromethyl-substituted products in high yield with good functional group compatibility. This transformation is surprising, in part, because of the prior observation of the instability of CuCF(2)H.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick S Fier
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Fier PS, Reinig RR, King J, Dickerson C, Chin RM, Doucouré M, Brennessel W. Selective Dialkylation of a Doubly Linked Dicyclopentadiene Ligand and the Ensuing Ruthenium Complexes. Organometallics 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/om200854n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick S. Fier
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, Iowa 50614-0423, United States
| | - Regina R. Reinig
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, Iowa 50614-0423, United States
| | - Janeth King
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, Iowa 50614-0423, United States
| | - Christopher Dickerson
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, Iowa 50614-0423, United States
| | - Robert M. Chin
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, Iowa 50614-0423, United States
| | - Mantia Doucouré
- Sciences Chimiques
de Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, 35708 Rennes Cedex 7, France
| | - William Brennessel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester,
New York 14627, United States
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Litvinas ND, Fier PS, Hartwig JF. A General Strategy for the Perfluoroalkylation of Arenes and Arylbromides by Using Arylboronate Esters and [(phen)CuRF]. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201106668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
30
|
Litvinas ND, Fier PS, Hartwig JF. A general strategy for the perfluoroalkylation of arenes and arylbromides by using arylboronate esters and [(phen)CuR(F)]. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 51:536-9. [PMID: 22083965 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201106668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A versatile method for the synthesis of aryl perfluoroalkanes from arenes and aryl bromides is described. Substituted arenes or aryl bromides are converted in situ to an aryl boronate ester that readily undergoes perfluoroalkylation in air with [(phen)CuR(F)]. A broad range of aryl bromide substrates were perfluoroalkylated in good yield for the first time. [(phen)CuCF(3)] is now commercially available and has been prepared on 20 g scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nichole D Litvinas
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|