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Dau H, Tsogtgerel E, Matyjaszewski K, Harth E. One-For-All Polyolefin Functionalization: Active Ester as Gateway to Combine Insertion Polymerization with ROP, NMP, and RAFT. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205931. [PMID: 35588082 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This work develops the Polyolefin Active-Ester Exchange (PACE) process to afford well-defined polyolefin-polyvinyl block copolymers. α-Diimine PdII -catalyzed olefin polymerizations were investigated through in-depth kinetic studies in comparison to an analog to establish the critical design that facilitates catalyst activation. Simple transformations lead to a diversity of functional groups forming polyolefin macroinitiators or macro-mediators for various subsequent controlled polymerization techniques. Preparation of block copolymers with different architectures, molecular weights, and compositions was demonstrated with ring-opening polymerization (ROP), nitroxide-mediated polymerization (NMP), and photoiniferter reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (PI-RAFT). The significant difference in the properties of polyolefin-polyacrylamide block copolymers was harnessed to carry out polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) and study the nanostructure behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huong Dau
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence in Polymer Chemistry, University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Enkhjargal Tsogtgerel
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence in Polymer Chemistry, University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Eva Harth
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence in Polymer Chemistry, University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Harth E, Dau H, Tsogtgerel E, Matyjaszewski K. One‐For‐All Polyolefin Functionalization: Active Ester as Gateway to Combine Insertion Polymerization with ROP, NMP, and RAFT. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Harth
- University of Houston Chemistry 406 STL BuildingUnited States 77004 Houston UNITED STATES
| | - Huong Dau
- University of Houston Chemistry UNITED STATES
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Gurská M, Brezová V, Šalitroš I, Švorc Ľ, Špánik I, Moncoľ J, Pavlik J, Szolcsányi P. Polyradical PROXYL/TEMPO Conjugates Connected by Ester/Amide Bridges: Synthesis, Physicochemical Studies, and DFT Calculations. Chempluschem 2021; 86:396-405. [PMID: 33645915 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A series of di-/trinitroxide esters and amides featuring PROXYL and/or TEMPO radicals connected with alicyclic bridges were prepared in 61-92 % yields and their properties were analysed by using multiple experimental techniques. The examination of EPR spectra of radicals in organic solvents augmented with DFT calculations brought valuable information on the conformational dynamics and spin exchange mechanisms. Cyclic voltammetry investigations revealed (quasi)reversible electrochemical behaviour of studied nitroxides with their half-wave potentials ranging from -51 to -17 mV. SQUID measurements of selected radicals revealed that the magnetism of di- and trinitroxides is significantly different, since antiferromagnetic coupling in biradicals is notably larger than in triradicals. The single-crystal X-ray analysis of selected biradicals revealed the existence of 3D supramolecular networks of molecules linked through hydrogen-bonding interactions. These polynitroxide radicals can serve as promising bridging or chelating ligands in the synthesis of transition-metal-based molecular magnets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mária Gurská
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.,Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-845 41, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Vlasta Brezová
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ivan Šalitroš
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.,Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 12, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 61200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ľubomír Švorc
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Matej Bel University, Tajovského 40, SK-974 00, Banská Bystrica, Slovak Republic
| | - Ivan Špánik
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ján Moncoľ
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ján Pavlik
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Szolcsányi
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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Navarro Y, Guedes GP, Cano J, Ocón P, Iglesias MJ, Lloret F, López-Ortiz F. Synthesis, structural characterization and electrochemical and magnetic studies of M(hfac) 2 (M = Cu II, Co II) and Nd(hfac) 3 complexes of 4-amino-TEMPO. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:6280-6294. [PMID: 32329759 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt00541j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Three mononuclear complexes [M(hfac)x(ATEMPO)y], where M = Cu (11) and Co (12), x = y = 2; M = Nd (13), x = 4, y = 1, and two polynuclear complexes [{Cu(hfac)2(ATEMPO)}n], where n = 2 (14) and 4 (15), were obtained by the reaction of M(hfac)x (M = CuII, CoII, NdIII; x = 2, 3) with 4-amino-TEMPO (4-amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-N-oxyl) in good yields and their structural, electrochemical and magnetic properties were examined. In all cases, the radical is coordinated to the metal through the amino group, except 15, and the metal ions have an octahedral geometry, except 13. Different coordination architectures of the copper complexes were obtained as a function of the stoichiometry and solvents used. In complexes 11 and 12 the radicals show an equatorial-equatorial and axial-equatorial arrangement, respectively, giving rise to two distinct 2D supramolecular systems through intermolecular interactions. Compound 13 is the first example of a lanthanide complex of the ATEMPO radical. The NdIII ion adopts a rare nine-coordination via binding to four hfac ligands and the radical. The dinuclear complex 14 shows a (Cu-O)2 core in which the CuII ions are bridged by the oxygen atoms from the hfac ligands. In compound 15 the ATEMPO radical acts as a bidentate ligand through the amino and nitroxyl groups leading to an unprecedented tetranuclear square-shaped framework. Cyclic voltammetry showed redox processes associated with the copper and TEMPO moieties. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed the temperature dependence of the conductivity for compound 15 with a maximum of 2.09 × 10-5 S cm-1 at 408 K. The magnetic behavior of complexes 11-15 is determined by metal-radical interactions. Ferromagnetic interaction has been observed for complex 11 due to the existence of two different exchange pathways arising from the conformational arrangement of the radicals around the metal center, whereas the single conformation of the radical in complex 14 resulted in a weak antiferromagnetic coupling. In complex 15 both O-Cu and N-Cu contacts are present giving rise to ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Navarro
- Área de Química Orgánica, Centro de Investigación CIAIMBITAL, Universidad de Almería, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain.
| | - Guilherme P Guedes
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Inorgânica, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Joan Cano
- Institut de Ciencia Molecular, Universitat de València, Catedràtic José Beltrán n°2, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pilar Ocón
- Departamento de Química Física Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - María José Iglesias
- Área de Química Orgánica, Centro de Investigación CIAIMBITAL, Universidad de Almería, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain.
| | - Francisco Lloret
- Institut de Ciencia Molecular, Universitat de València, Catedràtic José Beltrán n°2, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Fernando López-Ortiz
- Área de Química Orgánica, Centro de Investigación CIAIMBITAL, Universidad de Almería, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Ruipérez
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
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Cosquer N, Lefebvre E, Douziech B, Houille S, Michaud F, Gómez-García CJ, Conan F. Nickel precursors based on diamagnetic and paramagnetic di(imine)pyridine ligands for magnetic materials: Synthesis, X-ray structures and magnetic studies. Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2018.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Eaton SS, Woodcock LB, Eaton GR. Continuous wave electron paramagnetic resonance of nitroxide biradicals in fluid solution. CONCEPTS IN MAGNETIC RESONANCE. PART A, BRIDGING EDUCATION AND RESEARCH 2018; 47A:e21426. [PMID: 31548835 PMCID: PMC6756774 DOI: 10.1002/cmr.a.21426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Nitroxide biradicals have been prepared with electron-electron spin-spin exchange interaction, J, ranging from weak to very strong. EPR spectra of these biradicals in fluid solution depend on the ratio of J to the nitrogen hyperfine coupling, AN, and the rates of interconversion between conformations with different values of J. For relatively rigid biradicals EPR spectra can be simulated as the superposition of AB splitting patterns arising from different combinations of nitrogen nuclear spin states. For more flexible biradicals spectra can be simulated with a Liouville representation of the dynamics that interconvert conformations with different values of J on the EPR timescale. Analysis of spectra, factors that impact J, and examples of applications to chemical and biophysical problems are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra S Eaton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver CO 80210 USA
| | - Lukas B Woodcock
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver CO 80210 USA
| | - Gareth R Eaton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver CO 80210 USA
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Zhang K, Noble BB, Mater AC, Monteiro MJ, Coote ML, Jia Z. Effect of heteroatom and functionality substitution on the oxidation potential of cyclic nitroxide radicals: role of electrostatics in electrochemistry. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:2606-2614. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp07444a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Electrostatic effects on electrochemical oxidation potentials of heteroatomic and functional substituted nitroxides were studied both experimentally and computationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology
- University of Queensland
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Benjamin B. Noble
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electomaterials Science
- Research School of Chemistry
- Australian National University
- Canberra
- Australia
| | - Adam C. Mater
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electomaterials Science
- Research School of Chemistry
- Australian National University
- Canberra
- Australia
| | - Michael J. Monteiro
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology
- University of Queensland
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Michelle L. Coote
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electomaterials Science
- Research School of Chemistry
- Australian National University
- Canberra
- Australia
| | - Zhongfan Jia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology
- University of Queensland
- Brisbane
- Australia
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Poprac P, Poliak P, Kavala M, Barbieriková Z, Zalibera M, Fronc M, Švorc Ľ, Vihonská Z, Olejníková P, Lušpai K, Lukeš V, Brezová V, Szolcsányi P. Polyradical PROXYL/TEMPO-Derived Amides: Synthesis, Physicochemical Studies, DFT Calculations, and Antimicrobial Activity. Chempluschem 2017; 82:1326-1340. [PMID: 31957189 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201700343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A series of polynitroxide amides possessing 2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1-pyrrolidinyloxy (PROXYL) and/or 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO) units connected through various bridges were synthesized and their properties were analyzed. EPR spectroscopy provided detailed insight into their paramagnetic character and related properties. A thorough examination of the EPR spectra of dinitroxides in organic solvents provided valuable information on the intramolecular motions, thermodynamics, and spin-exchange mechanisms. Analysis of low-temperature X- and Q-band EPR spectra of the dissolved dinitroxides provided spin-spin distances that were comparable with the theoretical values obtained by DFT. Cyclic voltammetry investigations revealed (quasi)reversible electrochemical behavior for PROXYL-derived biradicals, whereas significant loss of the reversibility was found for TEMPO-containing bi- and polyradicals. The inhibitory activities of the nitroxides against model bacteria, yeasts, and filamentous fungi were assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Poprac
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Poliak
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miroslav Kavala
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Barbieriková
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Zalibera
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marek Fronc
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ľubomír Švorc
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Vihonská
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Petra Olejníková
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Karol Lušpai
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Vladimír Lukeš
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Vlasta Brezová
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Szolcsányi
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Wandt J, Jakes P, Granwehr J, Gasteiger HA, Eichel RA. Singlet Oxygen Formation during the Charging Process of an Aprotic Lithium-Oxygen Battery. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:6892-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201602142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Wandt
- Technische Universität München; Chair for Technical Electrochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center; Germany
| | - Peter Jakes
- Forschungszentrum Jülich; Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung; Grundlagen der Elektrochemie (IEK-9); 52425 Jülich Germany
| | - Josef Granwehr
- Forschungszentrum Jülich; Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung; Grundlagen der Elektrochemie (IEK-9); 52425 Jülich Germany
- RWTH Aachen University; Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie; 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Hubert A. Gasteiger
- Technische Universität München; Chair for Technical Electrochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center; Germany
| | - Rüdiger-A. Eichel
- Forschungszentrum Jülich; Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung; Grundlagen der Elektrochemie (IEK-9); 52425 Jülich Germany
- RWTH Aachen University; Institut für Physikalische Chemie; 52074 Aachen Germany
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Wandt J, Jakes P, Granwehr J, Gasteiger HA, Eichel RA. Singlet Oxygen Formation during the Charging Process of an Aprotic Lithium-Oxygen Battery. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201602142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Wandt
- Technische Universität München; Chair for Technical Electrochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center; Germany
| | - Peter Jakes
- Forschungszentrum Jülich; Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung; Grundlagen der Elektrochemie (IEK-9); 52425 Jülich Germany
| | - Josef Granwehr
- Forschungszentrum Jülich; Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung; Grundlagen der Elektrochemie (IEK-9); 52425 Jülich Germany
- RWTH Aachen University; Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie; 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Hubert A. Gasteiger
- Technische Universität München; Chair for Technical Electrochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center; Germany
| | - Rüdiger-A. Eichel
- Forschungszentrum Jülich; Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung; Grundlagen der Elektrochemie (IEK-9); 52425 Jülich Germany
- RWTH Aachen University; Institut für Physikalische Chemie; 52074 Aachen Germany
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Švorc L, Cinková K, Samphao A, Stanković DM, Mehmeti E, Kalcher K. Voltammetric determination of harmaline in natural food products using boron-doped diamond electrode. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Jagtap AP, Krstic I, Kunjir NC, Hänsel R, Prisner TF, Sigurdsson ST. Sterically shielded spin labels for in-cell EPR spectroscopy: Analysis of stability in reducing environment. Free Radic Res 2014; 49:78-85. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2014.979409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Kavala M, Brezová V, Švorc L, Vihonská Z, Olejníková P, Moncol J, Kožíšek J, Herich P, Szolcsányi P. Synthesis, physicochemical properties and antimicrobial activity of mono-/dinitroxyl amides. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:4491-502. [PMID: 24849262 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00302k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Two comparative sets of mono-/dinitroxyl amides were designed and prepared. The novel TEMPO and/or PROXYL derivatives were fully characterised and their spin, redox and antimicrobial properties were determined. Cyclic voltammetry revealed (quasi)reversible redox behavior for most of the studied radicals. Moreover, the electron-withdrawing substituents increased the oxidation potential of nitroxides in comparison to electron-donating groups. While EPR spectra of monoradicals featured the typical three-line signal, the spectra of biradicals showed more complex splitting patterns. The in vitro biological assay revealed that unlike pyrrolidinyl derivatives, the piperidinyl nitroxides significantly inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Kavala
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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