1
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Cheng X. Coupling and decarboxylation mechanism of oxaloacetic acid and ethylenediamine: A theoretical investigation. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringTaishan University Tai'an Shandong China
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2
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Stereoselective Multicomponent Reactions in the Synthesis or Transformations of Epoxides and Aziridines. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24030630. [PMID: 30754666 PMCID: PMC6384726 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Small ring heterocycles, such as epoxides and aziridines, are present in several natural products and are also highly versatile building blocks, frequently involved in the synthesis of numerous bioactive products and pharmaceuticals. Because of the potential for increased efficiency and selectivity, along with the advantages of environmentally benign synthetic procedures, multicomponent reactions (MCRs) have been explored in the synthesis and ring opening of these heterocyclic units. In this review, the recent advances in MCRs involving the synthesis and applications of epoxides and aziridines to the preparation of other heterocycles are discussed emphasizing the stereoselectivity of the reactions.
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3
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Belding L, Zaretsky S, Yudin AK, Dudding T. A Mechanistic Model for the Aziridine Aldehyde-Driven Macrocyclization of Peptides. J Org Chem 2018; 83:9119-9124. [PMID: 29966423 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Aziridine aldehyde-driven macrocyclization of peptides is a powerful tool for the construction of biologically active macrocycles. While this process has been used to generate diverse collections of cyclic molecules, its mechanistic underpinnings have remained unclear. To enable progress in this area we have carried out a mechanistic study, which suggests that the cyclization owes its efficiency to a combination of electrostatic attraction between the termini of a nitrilium ion intermediate and intramolecular hydrogen bonding. Our model adequately explains the experimentally observed trends, including diastereoselectivity, and should facilitate the development of other macrocyclization reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Belding
- Department of Chemistry , Brock University , St. Catharines , Ontario L2S 3A1 , Canada
| | - Serge Zaretsky
- Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario M5S 2J7 , Canada
| | - Andrei K Yudin
- Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario M5S 2J7 , Canada
| | - Travis Dudding
- Department of Chemistry , Brock University , St. Catharines , Ontario L2S 3A1 , Canada
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4
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Cheng X. Cyclization mechanisms of the cyclic dimer of aziridine aldehyde with vinyl aldehyde. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2017.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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5
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Zarezin DP, Khrustalev VN, Nenajdenko VG. Diastereoselectivity of Azido-Ugi Reaction with Secondary Amines. Stereoselective Synthesis of Tetrazole Derivatives. J Org Chem 2017; 82:6100-6107. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danil P. Zarezin
- Department
of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
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6
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St. Denis JD, Liew SK, Scully CCG, Yudin AK. Activation of Alkynylzinc Reagents by a Hemiaminal-Driven Catalytic Microenvironment. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201601554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D. St. Denis
- Department of Chemistry; University of Toronto; 80 St. George Street M5S 3H6 Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Sean K. Liew
- Department of Chemistry; University of Toronto; 80 St. George Street M5S 3H6 Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Conor C. G. Scully
- Department of Chemistry; University of Toronto; 80 St. George Street M5S 3H6 Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Andrei K. Yudin
- Department of Chemistry; University of Toronto; 80 St. George Street M5S 3H6 Toronto, Ontario Canada
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7
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Liang Y, Jiang YY, Liu Y, Bi S. Mechanism of Pd-catalyzed acylation/alkenylation of aryl iodide: a DFT study. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:6147-6156. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob01021d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The detailed mechanism of the Pd(0)-catalyzed cross-coupling of aryl iodide, benzoic anhydride and ethyl acrylate was clarified by theoretical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Liang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
- P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Ye Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
- P. R. China
| | - Yuxia Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
- P. R. China
| | - Siwei Bi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
- P. R. China
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8
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Gerosa GG, Grimblat N, Spanevello RA, Suárez AG, Sarotti AM. Mechanistic insight into the acid-catalyzed isomerization of biomass-derived polysubstituted pyrrolidines: an experimental and DFT study. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:426-434. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob02457b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of the acid-catalyzed isomerization of polysubstituted pyrrolidines was unravelled by a combination of experimental, spectroscopic and computational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela G. Gerosa
- Instituto de Química Rosario (CONICET)
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas
- Universidad Nacional de Rosario
- Rosario 2000
- Argentina
| | - Nicolás Grimblat
- Instituto de Química Rosario (CONICET)
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas
- Universidad Nacional de Rosario
- Rosario 2000
- Argentina
| | - Rolando A. Spanevello
- Instituto de Química Rosario (CONICET)
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas
- Universidad Nacional de Rosario
- Rosario 2000
- Argentina
| | - Alejandra G. Suárez
- Instituto de Química Rosario (CONICET)
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas
- Universidad Nacional de Rosario
- Rosario 2000
- Argentina
| | - Ariel M. Sarotti
- Instituto de Química Rosario (CONICET)
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas
- Universidad Nacional de Rosario
- Rosario 2000
- Argentina
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9
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Heine NB, Kaldas SJ, Belding L, Shmatova O, Dudding T, Nenajdenko VG, Studer A, Yudin AK. Synthesis of Chiral Piperazinones Using Amphoteric Aziridine Aldehyde Dimers and Functionalized Isocyanides. J Org Chem 2016; 81:5209-16. [PMID: 27156711 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have evaluated a range of functionalized isocyanides in the aziridine aldehyde-driven multicomponent synthesis of piperazinones. High diasteroselectivity for each isocyanide was observed. A theoretical evaluation of the reaction course corroborates the experimental data. Moreover, the reactivity of cis- and trans-configured aziridine aldehyde dimers has been compared. This study further probes the dimer-driven mechanism of cyclization and enables an efficient access to a wide range of chiral piperazinones bearing functionalized side chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas B Heine
- Organic Chemistry Institute, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität , Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Sherif J Kaldas
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Lee Belding
- Brock University , St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Olga Shmatova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University , 119899 Moscow, Russia
| | - Travis Dudding
- Brock University , St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | | | - Armido Studer
- Organic Chemistry Institute, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität , Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Andrei K Yudin
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6 Canada
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10
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Vincent-Rocan JF, Ivanovich RA, Clavette C, Leckett K, Bejjani J, Beauchemin AM. Cascade reactions of nitrogen-substituted isocyanates: a new tool in heterocyclic chemistry. Chem Sci 2016; 7:315-328. [PMID: 29861985 PMCID: PMC5952554 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc03197d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to normal C-substituted isocyanates, nitrogen-substituted isocyanates (N-isocyanates) are rare. Their high reactivity and amphoteric/ambident nature has prevented the scientific community from exploiting their synthetic potential. Recently, we have developed an in situ formation approach using a reversible equilibrium, which allows controlled generation and reactivity of N-isocyanates and prevents the dimerization that is typically observed with these intermediates. This blocked (masked) N-isocyanate approach enables the use of various N-isocyanate precursors to assemble heterocycles possessing the N-N-C[double bond, length as m-dash]O motif, which is often found in agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals. Cascade reactions for the rapid assembly of several valuable 5- and 6-membered heterocycles are reported, including amino-hydantoins, acyl-pyrazoles, acyl-phthalazinones and azauracils. Over 100 different compounds were synthesized using amino-, imino- and amido-substituted N-isocyanates, demonstrating their potential as powerful intermediates in heterocyclic synthesis. Their reactivity also enables access to unprecedented bicyclic derivatives and to substitution patterns of azauracils that are difficult to access using known methods, illustrating that controlled reactivity of N-isocyanates provides new disconnections, and a new tool to assemble complex N-N-C[double bond, length as m-dash]O containing motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Vincent-Rocan
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation , Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences , University of Ottawa , 10 Marie-Curie , Ottawa , ON K1N 6N5 , Canada .
| | - Ryan A Ivanovich
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation , Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences , University of Ottawa , 10 Marie-Curie , Ottawa , ON K1N 6N5 , Canada .
| | - Christian Clavette
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation , Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences , University of Ottawa , 10 Marie-Curie , Ottawa , ON K1N 6N5 , Canada .
| | - Kyle Leckett
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation , Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences , University of Ottawa , 10 Marie-Curie , Ottawa , ON K1N 6N5 , Canada .
| | - Julien Bejjani
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation , Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences , University of Ottawa , 10 Marie-Curie , Ottawa , ON K1N 6N5 , Canada .
| | - André M Beauchemin
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation , Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences , University of Ottawa , 10 Marie-Curie , Ottawa , ON K1N 6N5 , Canada .
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11
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Zaretsky S, Hickey JL, Tan J, Pichugin D, St Denis MA, Ler S, Chung BKW, Scully CCG, Yudin AK. Mechanistic investigation of aziridine aldehyde-driven peptide macrocyclization: the imidoanhydride pathway. Chem Sci 2015; 6:5446-5455. [PMID: 29861887 PMCID: PMC5949604 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc01958c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aziridine aldehydes participate in a multicomponent reaction with α-amino amides and isocyanides to generate reactive imidoanhydride intermediates.
Aziridine aldehyde dimers, peptides, and isocyanides participate in a multicomponent reaction to yield peptide macrocycles. We have investigated the selectivity and kinetics of this process and performed a detailed analysis of its chemoselectivity. While the reactants encompass all of the elements of the traditional Ugi four-component condensation, there is a significant deviation from the previously proposed mechanism. Our results provide evidence for an imidoanhydride pathway in peptide macrocyclization and lend justification for the diastereoselectivity and high effective molarity observed in the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Zaretsky
- Davenport Research Laboratories , Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3H6 , Canada .
| | - Jennifer L Hickey
- Davenport Research Laboratories , Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3H6 , Canada . .,Encycle Therapeutics Inc. , 101 College Street, Suite 314 , Toronto , Ontario M5G 1L7 , Canada
| | - Joanne Tan
- Davenport Research Laboratories , Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3H6 , Canada .
| | - Dmitry Pichugin
- Center for Structural Investigations of Complex Organic Molecules and Polymers , Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3H6 , Canada
| | - Megan A St Denis
- Davenport Research Laboratories , Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3H6 , Canada . .,Encycle Therapeutics Inc. , 101 College Street, Suite 314 , Toronto , Ontario M5G 1L7 , Canada
| | - Spencer Ler
- Davenport Research Laboratories , Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3H6 , Canada .
| | - Benjamin K W Chung
- Davenport Research Laboratories , Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3H6 , Canada .
| | - Conor C G Scully
- Davenport Research Laboratories , Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3H6 , Canada .
| | - Andrei K Yudin
- Davenport Research Laboratories , Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3H6 , Canada .
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12
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Trinchera P, Corless VB, Yudin AK. Synthesis of Previously Inaccessible Borylated Heterocycle Motifs Using Novel Boron-Containing Amphoteric Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:9038-41. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201504271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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13
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Trinchera P, Corless VB, Yudin AK. Synthesis of Previously Inaccessible Borylated Heterocycle Motifs Using Novel Boron-Containing Amphoteric Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201504271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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14
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Echemendía R, de La Torre AF, Monteiro JL, Pila M, Corrêa AG, Westermann B, Rivera DG, Paixão MW. Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of Natural-Product-Like Hybrids by an Organocatalytic/Multicomponent Reaction Sequence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201412074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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15
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Echemendía R, de La Torre AF, Monteiro JL, Pila M, Corrêa AG, Westermann B, Rivera DG, Paixão MW. Highly stereoselective synthesis of natural-product-like hybrids by an organocatalytic/multicomponent reaction sequence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:7621-5. [PMID: 25967546 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201412074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In an endeavor to provide an efficient route to natural product hybrids, described herein is an efficient, highly stereoselective, one-pot process comprising an organocatalytic conjugate addition of 1,3-dicarbonyls to α,β-unsaturated aldehydes followed by an intramolecular isocyanide-based multicomponent reaction. This approach enables the rapid assembly of complex natural product hybrids including up to four different molecular fragments, such as hydroquinolinone, chromene, piperidine, peptide, lipid, and glycoside moieties. The strategy combines the stereocontrol of organocatalysis with the diversity-generating character of multicomponent reactions, thus leading to structurally unique peptidomimetics integrating heterocyclic, lipidic, and sugar moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radell Echemendía
- Center for Natural Products Research, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Zapata y G, 10400, La Habana (Cuba)
| | - Alexander F de La Torre
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, 97105-900, SP (Brasil)
| | - Julia L Monteiro
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, 97105-900, SP (Brasil)
| | - Michel Pila
- Center for Natural Products Research, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Zapata y G, 10400, La Habana (Cuba)
| | - Arlene G Corrêa
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, 97105-900, SP (Brasil)
| | - Bernhard Westermann
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale) (Germany).,Martin-Luther-University, Halle Wittenberg, Institute of Chemistry, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, 06120 Halle (Germany)
| | - Daniel G Rivera
- Center for Natural Products Research, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Zapata y G, 10400, La Habana (Cuba).
| | - Márcio W Paixão
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, 97105-900, SP (Brasil).
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16
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Lapinsky DJ. Three-Membered Ring Systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-100024-3.00003-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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17
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Zaretsky S, Adachi S, Rotstein BH, Hickey JL, Scully CCG, St Denis JD, Courtemanche R, Yu JCY, Chung BKW, Yudin AK. Stereocontrolled disruption of the Ugi reaction toward the production of chiral piperazinones: substrate scope and process development. J Org Chem 2014; 79:9948-57. [PMID: 25254948 DOI: 10.1021/jo5018316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The factors determining diastereoselectivity observed in the multicomponent conversion of amino acids, aziridine aldehyde dimers, and isocyanides into chiral piperazinones have been investigated. Amino acid-dependent selectivity for either trans- or cis-substituted piperazinone products has been achieved. An experimentally determined diastereoselectivity model for the three-component reaction driven by aziridine aldehyde dimers has predictive value for different substrate classes. Moreover, this model is useful in reconciling the previously reported observations in multicomponent reactions between isocyanides, α-amino acids, and monofunctional aldehydes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Zaretsky
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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