1
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Liu C, Van Meervelt L, Peshkov VA, Van der Eycken EV. The synthesis of diverse benzazepinoindoles via gold-catalyzed post-Ugi alkyne hydroarylation/Michael addition sequence. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00810f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
By combining an Ugi-4CR and a gold-catalyzed cascade cyclization, diverse benzazepinoindoles are assembled in a step-economical, chemo- and regioselectivity fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luc Van Meervelt
- Biomolecular Architecture, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vsevolod A. Peshkov
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Dushu Lake Campus, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave, Nur-Sultan 010000, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Erik V. Van der Eycken
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
- Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya Street 6, Moscow, 117198, Russia
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2
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Kadagathur M, Patra S, Sigalapalli DK, Shankaraiah N, Tangellamudi ND. Syntheses and medicinal chemistry of azepinoindolones: a look back to leap forward. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:738-764. [PMID: 33459333 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02181d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic scaffolds constitute nearly 75% of small molecules which favorably act as drug candidates. For the past few decades, numerous natural and synthetic indole-based scaffolds have been reported for their diverse pharmacological profiles. In particular, indole-fused azepines, termed azepinoindolones, have come under the radar of medicinal chemists owing to their synthetic and pharmacological importance. A plethora of literature reports has been generated thereof, which calls for the need for the compilation of information to understand their current status in drug discovery. Accumulating reports of evidence suggest that compounds containing this privileged scaffold display their cytotoxic effects via inhibition of kinase, topoisomerase I, mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase (mMDH), and tubulin polymerization and as DNA minor groove binding agents. Herein, we endeavor to present a closer look at the advancements of various synthetic and derivatization methods of azepinoindolone-based compounds. We have further extended our efforts to discuss the pharmacological effects of azepinoindolones in the whole range of medicinal chemistry as anti-Alzheimer, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antileishmanial, and antipyranosomal agents and as drug delivery vectors. Our analysis of recent advances reveals that azepinoindolones will continue to serve as potential pharmaceutical modalities in the years to come and their substantial pool of synthetic methods will be ever expanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasa Kadagathur
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad-500037, India.
| | - Sandip Patra
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad-500037, India.
| | - Dilep Kumar Sigalapalli
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad-500037, India.
| | - Nagula Shankaraiah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad-500037, India.
| | - Neelima D Tangellamudi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad-500037, India.
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3
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McLean EB, Cutolo FM, Cassidy OJ, Burns DJ, Lee AL. Selectivity Control in Gold-Catalyzed Hydroarylation of Alkynes with Indoles: Application to Unsymmetrical Bis(indolyl)methanes. Org Lett 2020; 22:6977-6981. [PMID: 32845648 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gold-catalyzed hydroarylation of unactivated alkynes with indoles have previously been reported to proceed with double indole addition to produce symmetrical bis(indolyl)methanes (BIMs). We demonstrate for the first time that the selectivity of the gold-catalyzed reaction can be fully switched to allow for isolation of the vinylindole products instead. Furthermore, this selective reaction can be utilized to synthesize the more difficult to access unsymmetrical BIMs from readily available starting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euan B McLean
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, U.K
| | - Francesca M Cutolo
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, U.K
| | - Orla J Cassidy
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, U.K
| | - David J Burns
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, U.K
| | - Ai-Lan Lee
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, U.K
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4
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Muthukumar A, Rao GN, Sekar G. Zn(OTf) 2-catalyzed access to symmetrical and unsymmetrical bisindoles from α-keto amides. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:3921-3933. [PMID: 30941387 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00114j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Zn(OTf)2-catalyzed synthesis of 3,3'-bisindolyl acetamides from α-keto amides is developed. Both aromatic α-keto amides substituted with electron-donating as well as -withdrawing groups and aliphatic α-keto amides are well tolerated to provide symmetrical bisindoles in moderate to excellent yields. The chemoselective bisindolylation of the keto group of α-keto amides in the presence of a simple keto functionality is successfully achieved in good yields. The transformation is further extended to the synthesis of challenging unsymmetrical bisindoles by treating indolyl α-hydroxy amides with substituted indoles. The unsymmetrical bisindoles are isolated in good to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alagesan Muthukumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600 036, India.
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5
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Sabir S, Kumar G, Verma VP, Jat JL. Aziridine Ring Opening: An Overview of Sustainable Methods. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201800170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shekh Sabir
- Department of Chemistry; Baba Saheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University) VidyaVihar; Raebareli Road Lucknow 226025 India
| | | | | | - Jawahar L. Jat
- Department of Chemistry; Baba Saheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University) VidyaVihar; Raebareli Road Lucknow 226025 India
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Inamdar SM, Gonnade RG, Patil NT. Synthesis of annulated bis-indoles through Au(i)/Brønsted acid-catalyzed reactions of (1H-indol-3-yl)(aryl)methanols with 2-(arylethynyl)-1H-indoles. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 15:863-869. [PMID: 28009921 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob02595a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A general method to access annulated bis-indoles from (1H-indol-3-yl)(aryl)methanols and 2-(arylethynyl)-1H-indoles under the catalysis of the Ph3PAuOTf/Brønsted acid binary catalyst system has been developed. The reaction was found to proceed in a highly efficient manner and benefit from easy-to-make starting materials, broad substrate scope and operational simplicity. The potential of this method has also been exemplified for the synthesis of pyrrole-annulated indoles using 2-(phenylethynyl)-1H-indoles and phenyl(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methanols. Furthermore, the use of a ternary catalyst system, involving PdCl2/Brønsted acid/Ph3PAuOTf catalysts, has been realized for the synthesis of annulated bis-indoles starting directly from 2-(phenylbuta-1,3-diyn-1-yl)aniline and (1H-indol-3-yl)(aryl)methanol. Mechanistically, this reaction is very interesting since the overall process involves three different catalytic cycles catalyzed by three different catalysts in a relay fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleman M Inamdar
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune - 411 008, India.
| | - Rajesh G Gonnade
- Center for Material Characterization, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune - 411 008, India
| | - Nitin T Patil
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune - 411 008, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi - 110 025, India
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7
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Li X, Guo J, Lin L, Hu H, Chang F, Liu X, Feng X. Chiral Magnesium(II) Complex-Catalyzed Enantioselective Desymmetrization of meso
-Aziridines with Pyrazoles. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201700888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610064 People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610064 People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Lin
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610064 People's Republic of China
| | - Haipeng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610064 People's Republic of China
| | - Fenzhen Chang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610064 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610064 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610064 People's Republic of China
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8
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Zou Y, Chen C, Chen X, Zhang X, Rao W. Silica Gel Mediated Friedel–Crafts Alkylation of 3‐Indolylmethanols with Indoles: Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Bis(3‐indolyl)methanes. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhen Zou
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass‐Based Green Fuels and Chemicals College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Forestry University 210037 Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Cuili Chen
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass‐Based Green Fuels and Chemicals College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Forestry University 210037 Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Xianxiao Chen
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass‐Based Green Fuels and Chemicals College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Forestry University 210037 Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxiang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass‐Based Green Fuels and Chemicals College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Forestry University 210037 Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Weidong Rao
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass‐Based Green Fuels and Chemicals College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Forestry University 210037 Nanjing P. R. China
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9
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Zhao X, Liu X, Lu M. β-cyclodextrin-capped palladium nanoparticle-catalyzed ligand-free Suzuki and Heck couplings in low-melting β-cyclodextrin/NMU mixtures. Appl Organomet Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang 212013 China
| | - Xiang Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University of Science and Technology; Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Ming Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University of Science and Technology; Nanjing 210094 China
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10
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Takeda Y, Ikeda Y, Kuroda A, Tanaka S, Minakata S. Pd/NHC-catalyzed enantiospecific and regioselective Suzuki-Miyaura arylation of 2-arylaziridines: synthesis of enantioenriched 2-arylphenethylamine derivatives. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:8544-7. [PMID: 24870625 DOI: 10.1021/ja5039616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed stereospecific and regioselective cross-coupling of enantiopure 2-arylaziridines with arylboronic acids under mild conditions to construct a tertiary stereogenic center has been developed. N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands efficiently promote the coupling, suppressing β-hydride elimination. The enantiospecific cross-coupling allowed us for preparation of a series of biologically important 2-arylphenethylamine derivatives in an enantiopure form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhei Takeda
- Frontier Research Base for Global Young Researchers and ‡Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University , Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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11
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Hirotaki K, Yamada Y, Hanamoto T. Diethylzinc-Promoted Synthesis of Trifluromethyl-Containing Tryptamine Analogues from Indoles and 2-Trifluromethyl-N-(4-Toluenesulfonyl)-Aziridine. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201300286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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12
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de Loera D, Liu F, Houk KN, Garcia-Garibay MA. Aziridine Nitrogen Inversion by Dynamic NMR: Activation Parameters in a Fused Bicyclic Structure. J Org Chem 2013; 78:11623-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jo4022315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Denisse de Loera
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Miguel A. Garcia-Garibay
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
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13
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Ghorai MK, Tiwari DP, Jain N. Lewis Acid Catalyzed SN2-Type Ring Opening of N-Activated Aziridines with Electron-Rich Arenes/Heteroarenes. J Org Chem 2013; 78:7121-30. [DOI: 10.1021/jo401028j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manas K. Ghorai
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Deo Prakash Tiwari
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Nikita Jain
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
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14
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Pathak TP, Osiak JG, Vaden RM, Welm BE, Sigman MS. Synthesis and Preliminary Biological Study of Bisindolylmethanes Accessed by an Acid-Catalyzed Hydroarylation of Vinylindoles. Tetrahedron 2012; 68:5203-5208. [PMID: 22778488 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.03.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An acid-catalyzed hydroarylation reaction of vinyl indoles is reported, which tolerates a wide range of heterocycles as the exogenous nucleophile such as indoles, pyrroles, and indolizines. The method rapidly accesses the biologically relevant bisindolylmethane scaffold in good to excellent yields. Evaluation of the biological activity of several synthesized analogues reveals cytotoxic activity against and selectivity for the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejas P Pathak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
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15
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Malik G, Estéoule A, Retailleau P, Dauban P. Aziridines from intramolecular alkene aziridination of sulfamates: reactivity toward carbon nucleophiles. application to the synthesis of spisulosine and its fluoro analogue. J Org Chem 2011; 76:7438-48. [PMID: 21812488 DOI: 10.1021/jo201209x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic intramolecular alkene aziridination of sulfamate is an emerging methodology for the asymmetric synthesis of chiral functionalized amines involving the formation of bicyclic aziridines. This study demonstrates the ability of the latter to undergo ring-opening with various carbon nucleophiles: Grignard reagents, lithium salts of terminal alkynes, dithiane, malonate. These S(N)2-type reactions occur with high levels of regio- and chemoselectivity to generally afford seven-membered cyclic sulfamidates in good yields. Carbon nucleophiles have also been found to react with these sulfamidates provided that the sulfamate ester has been previously activated by introduction of a tosyl substituent on the NH group. The versatility of this strategy has been illustrated with the syntheses of spisulosine and its fluoro analogue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Malik
- Centre de Recherche de Gif-sur-Yvette, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301 CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Nagumo S, Takada H, Yasui E, Sahara Y, Chinen Y, Tanaka H, Morita Y, Kobiki C, Narisawa D, Mizukami M, Miyashita M. Friedel-Crafts Reactions of Vinylaziridine Linked to an Ester Group. HETEROCYCLES 2011. [DOI: 10.3987/com-10-12115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Gruit M, Pews-Davtyan A, Beller M. Platinum-catalyzed cyclization reaction of alkynes: synthesis of azepino[3,4-b]indol-1-ones. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:1148-59. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00728e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Krake SH, Bergmeier SC. Inter- and intramolecular reactions of epoxides and aziridines with π-nucleophiles. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Craig D, Lu P, Mathie T, Tholen NT. Directed addition of sulfur-stabilised carbanions to 1,2,3-trisubstituted aziridines. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.04.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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20
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Robert-Peillard F, Di Chenna PH, Liang C, Lescot C, Collet F, Dodd RH, Dauban P. Catalytic stereoselective alkene aziridination with sulfonimidamides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2010.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Gruit M, Michalik D, Krüger K, Spannenberg A, Tillack A, Pews-Davtyan A, Beller M. Synthesis of pyrroloazepinones: platinum- and gold-catalyzed cyclization reactions of alkynes. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.02.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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23
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Palmieri A, Petrini M, Shaikh RR. Synthesis of 3-substituted indoles via reactive alkylideneindolenine intermediates. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 8:1259-70. [PMID: 20204191 DOI: 10.1039/b919891a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Elimination of suitable leaving groups from 3-substituted indoles under basic or acidic conditions readily provides alkylideneindolenine intermediates that may react with a large variety of nucleophilic reagents. This article highlights some recent developments of this synthetic approach for the preparation of functionalized indole derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Palmieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Camerino, via S.Agostino, 1, I-62032, Camerino, Italy
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Bandini M, Eichholzer A. Catalytic Functionalization of Indoles in a New Dimension. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:9608-44. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200901843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1147] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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25
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A submarine journey: the pyrrole-imidazole alkaloids. Mar Drugs 2009; 7:705-53. [PMID: 20098608 PMCID: PMC2810223 DOI: 10.3390/md7040705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2009] [Revised: 11/20/2009] [Accepted: 11/26/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In his most celebrated tale "The Picture of Dorian Gray", Oscar Wilde stated that "those who go beneath the surface do so at their peril". This sentence could be a prophetical warning for the practitioner who voluntarily challenges himself with trying to synthesize marine sponge-deriving pyrrole-imidazole alkaloids. This now nearly triple-digit membered community has been growing exponentially in the last 20 years, both in terms of new representatives and topological complexity--from simple, achiral oroidin to the breathtaking 12-ring stylissadines A and B, each possessing 16 stereocenters. While the biosynthesis and the role in the sponge economy of most of these alkaloids still lies in the realm of speculations, significant biological activities for some of them have clearly emerged. This review will account for the progress in achieving the total synthesis of the more biologically enticing members of this class of natural products.
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26
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Bandini M, Eichholzer A. Katalytische Funktionalisierung von Indolen in einer neuen Dimension. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200901843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 315] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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27
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Gruit M, Michalik D, Tillack A, Beller M. Platinum-Catalyzed Intramolecular Cyclizations of Alkynes: Efficient Synthesis of Pyrroloazepinone Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:7212-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200902937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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28
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Gruit M, Michalik D, Tillack A, Beller M. Platinum-Catalyzed Intramolecular Cyclizations of Alkynes: Efficient Synthesis of Pyrroloazepinone Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200902937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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29
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Cincinelli R, Dallavalle S, Merlini L, Nannei R, Scaglioni L. Intramolecular N-acyliminium ion versus Friedel–Crafts cyclization onto 3-indoles: synthesis of the novel rings pyrrolizino[2,1-b]indole and homologues. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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30
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Bergmeier SC, Lapinsky DJ. Chapter 3: Three-membered ring systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-6380(09)70007-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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Carballares S, Craig D, Hyland CJT, Lu P, Mathie T, White AJP. Highly regioselective ring-opening of trisubstituted aziridines by sulfur-stabilised carbanions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:451-3. [DOI: 10.1039/b815971h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Dolle RE, Bourdonnec BL, Goodman AJ, Morales GA, Thomas CJ, Zhang W. Comprehensive Survey of Chemical Libraries for Drug Discovery and Chemical Biology: 2007. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 10:753-802. [PMID: 18991466 DOI: 10.1021/cc800119z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roland E. Dolle
- Adolor Corporation, 700 Pennsylvania Drive, Exton, Pennsylvania 19341, Semafore Pharmaceuticals Inc., 8496 Georgetown Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, and Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, Massachusetts 02125
| | - Bertrand Le Bourdonnec
- Adolor Corporation, 700 Pennsylvania Drive, Exton, Pennsylvania 19341, Semafore Pharmaceuticals Inc., 8496 Georgetown Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, and Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, Massachusetts 02125
| | - Allan J. Goodman
- Adolor Corporation, 700 Pennsylvania Drive, Exton, Pennsylvania 19341, Semafore Pharmaceuticals Inc., 8496 Georgetown Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, and Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, Massachusetts 02125
| | - Guillermo A. Morales
- Adolor Corporation, 700 Pennsylvania Drive, Exton, Pennsylvania 19341, Semafore Pharmaceuticals Inc., 8496 Georgetown Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, and Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, Massachusetts 02125
| | - Craig J. Thomas
- Adolor Corporation, 700 Pennsylvania Drive, Exton, Pennsylvania 19341, Semafore Pharmaceuticals Inc., 8496 Georgetown Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, and Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, Massachusetts 02125
| | - Wei Zhang
- Adolor Corporation, 700 Pennsylvania Drive, Exton, Pennsylvania 19341, Semafore Pharmaceuticals Inc., 8496 Georgetown Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, and Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, Massachusetts 02125
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Beller M. A personal view on homogeneous catalysis and its perspectives for the use of renewables. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200800062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Synthesis of novel hymenialdisine analogues using solvent-free and silica gel-promoted ring opening of epoxides. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.05.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Alex K, Schwarz N, Khedkar V, Sayyed IA, Tillack A, Michalik D, Holenz J, Díaz JL, Beller M. Synthesis of 3-(2-N,N-diethylaminoethoxy)indoles as potential 5-HT6 receptor ligands. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:1802-7. [DOI: 10.1039/b802054j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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