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Nguyen TTH, Bui HK, Im JY, Seo TS. Cognitively Driven Autonomous Flow Chemistry for Producing On-Demand Perovskite Quantum Dots Via Advanced Closed-Loop Feedback Control. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2400094. [PMID: 38426646 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202400094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Recent developments in the synthesis of hybrid organic-inorganic halide perovskite quantum dots (HP-QDs) through compositional adjustments have highlighted their potential applications in the fields of photovoltaics and light sources due to their unique optoelectronic properties. However, traditional methods to fine-tune their composition involve repetitive, labor-intensive, and costly processes. Herein, the utilization of a continuous flow chemistry approach is developed, in combination with a Proportional-Integral (PI) feedback control system as an effective method for producing on-demand methylammonium lead bromoiodide (MAPbBrx I3-x ) HP-QDs. The PI feedback control allows for real-time optimization of the flow rates of halide precursor solutions (halide PSs), enabling the precise tuning of the emission wavelength of HP-QDs. HP-QDs having an emission wavelength of 550 and 650 nm are synthesized through a blue-shifted and red-shifted algorithm, respectively, from any arbitrary reaction condition within 400 s. The iterative process through the PI feedback control produces the target HP-QDs with short rise time and low overshoot. The proposed automatic flow chemistry system integrated with a universal and accessible control algorithm of PI can generate the target HP-QDs with high accuracy, stability, and robustness, demonstrating a significant advancement in constructing an autonomous flow chemistry synthetic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Thuy Huong Nguyen
- Department of Chemical Engineering (BK21 FOUR Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, South Korea
| | - Hoang Khang Bui
- Department of Chemical Engineering (BK21 FOUR Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, South Korea
| | - Ju Yeon Im
- Department of Chemical Engineering (BK21 FOUR Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, South Korea
| | - Tae Seok Seo
- Department of Chemical Engineering (BK21 FOUR Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, South Korea
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2
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Patil PD, Salokhe S, Karvekar A, Suryavanshi P, Phirke AN, Tiwari MS, Nadar SS. Microfluidic based continuous enzyme immobilization: A comprehensive review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127358. [PMID: 37827414 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Conventional techniques for enzyme immobilization suffer from suboptimal activity recovery due to insufficient enzyme loading and inadequate stability. Furthermore, these techniques are time-consuming and involve multiple steps which limit the applicability of immobilized enzymes. In contrast, the use of microfluidic devices for enzyme immobilization has garnered significant attention due to its ability to precisely control immobilization parameters, resulting in highly active immobilized enzymes. This approach offers several advantages, including reduced time and energy consumption, enhanced mass-heat transfer, and improved control over the mixing process. It maintains the superior structural configuration in immobilized form which ultimately affects the overall efficiency. The present review article comprehensively explains the design, construction, and various methods employed for enzyme immobilization using microfluidic devices. The immobilized enzymes prepared using these techniques demonstrated excellent catalytic activity, remarkable stability, and outstanding recyclability. Moreover, they have found applications in diverse areas such as biosensors, biotransformation, and bioremediation. The review article also discusses potential future developments and foresees significant challenges associated with enzyme immobilization using microfluidics, along with potential remedies. The development of this advanced technology not only paves the way for novel and innovative approaches to enzyme immobilization but also allows for the straightforward scalability of microfluidic-based techniques from an industrial standpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin D Patil
- Department of Basic Science & Humanities, SVKM'S NMIMS Mukesh Patel School of Technology Management & Engineering, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400056, India
| | - Sakshi Salokhe
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Kolhapur Institute of Technology's College of Engineering, Kolhapur 416 234, India
| | - Aparna Karvekar
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Kolhapur Institute of Technology's College of Engineering, Kolhapur 416 234, India
| | - Prabhavati Suryavanshi
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Kolhapur Institute of Technology's College of Engineering, Kolhapur 416 234, India
| | - Ajay N Phirke
- Department of Basic Science & Humanities, SVKM'S NMIMS Mukesh Patel School of Technology Management & Engineering, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400056, India
| | - Manishkumar S Tiwari
- Department of Data Science, SVKM'S NMIMS Mukesh Patel School of Technology Management & Engineering, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400056, India
| | - Shamraja S Nadar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga (E), Mumbai 400019, India.
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3
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Ishihara R, Okamura K, Yoshimura Y, Ueno S. Diamine‐Promoted Deacylation of 2‐Alkyl‐1,3‐Diketones for the Facile Synthesis of Ketones. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rei Ishihara
- Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Tokyo University of Technology 1404-1 Katakura, Hachioji Tokyo 192–0982 Japan
| | - Kota Okamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Tokyo University of Technology 1404-1 Katakura, Hachioji Tokyo 192–0982 Japan
| | - Yuki Yoshimura
- Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Tokyo University of Technology 1404-1 Katakura, Hachioji Tokyo 192–0982 Japan
| | - Satoshi Ueno
- Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Tokyo University of Technology 1404-1 Katakura, Hachioji Tokyo 192–0982 Japan
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4
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Pyrrolidine‐Catalyzed Annulations of Quinone Monoacetals with Naphthols: Synthesis of 2‐Oxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane Skeletons, Transformations and Reaction Mechanism. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202101166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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5
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Zhang D, Cai H, Chen Y, Yin L, Zhong J, Zhang Y, Zhang QF. Ring Opening of Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropanes with Acyclic 1,3-Diketones for the Synthesis of 1,6-Dicarbonyl Compounds. J Org Chem 2020; 85:14262-14270. [PMID: 33115228 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
1,6-Dicarbonyl compounds, representing the formal addition products of the α-position of acetophenone derivatives to donor-acceptor cyclopropanes, were synthesized in two steps via first ring opening of donor-acceptor cyclopropanes with acyclic 1,3-diketones followed by DBU catalyzed retro-Claisen-type C-C bond cleavage reactions. In the first step, acyclic 1,3-diketones selectively worked as C-nucleophiles to add to donor-acceptor cyclopropanes. In the second step, the alkyl ketone part of the ring-opening products resulting from unsymmetrical 1,3-diketones was selectively cleaved in the presence of DBU in methanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxin Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Anhui University of Technology, No. 59 Hudong Road, Ma'anshan, Anhui 243002, China
| | - Hu Cai
- Institute of Molecular Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Anhui University of Technology, No. 59 Hudong Road, Ma'anshan, Anhui 243002, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Institute of Molecular Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Anhui University of Technology, No. 59 Hudong Road, Ma'anshan, Anhui 243002, China
| | - Lei Yin
- Institute of Molecular Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Anhui University of Technology, No. 59 Hudong Road, Ma'anshan, Anhui 243002, China
| | - Junchao Zhong
- Institute of Molecular Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Anhui University of Technology, No. 59 Hudong Road, Ma'anshan, Anhui 243002, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Anhui University of Technology, No. 59 Hudong Road, Ma'anshan, Anhui 243002, China
| | - Qian-Feng Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Anhui University of Technology, No. 59 Hudong Road, Ma'anshan, Anhui 243002, China
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6
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Colon BA, Hassan MR, Saleheen A, Baker CA, Calhoun TR. Total Internal Reflection Transient Absorption Microscopy: An Online Detection Method for Microfluidics. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:4160-4170. [PMID: 32338897 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b12046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Microreactors have garnered widespread attention for their tunability and precise control of synthetic parameters to efficiently produce target species. Despite associated advances, a lack of online detection and optimization methods has stalled the progression of microfluidic reactors. Here we employ and characterize a total internal reflection transient absorption microscopy (TIRTAM) instrument to image excited state dynamics on a continuous flow device. The experiments presented demonstrate the capability to discriminate between different chromophores as well as in differentiating the effects of local chemical environments that a chromophore experiences. This work presents the first such online transient absorption measurements and provides a new direction for the advancement and optimization of chemical reactions in microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon A Colon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Muhammad Redwan Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Amirus Saleheen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Christopher A Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Tessa R Calhoun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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7
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Microfluidic Chamber Design for Controlled Droplet Expansion and Coalescence. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11040394. [PMID: 32290165 PMCID: PMC7231328 DOI: 10.3390/mi11040394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The defined formation and expansion of droplets are essential operations for droplet-based screening assays. The volumetric expansion of droplets causes a dilution of the ingredients. Dilution is required for the generation of concentration graduation which is mandatory for many different assay protocols. Here, we describe the design of a microfluidic operation unit based on a bypassed chamber and its operation modes. The different operation modes enable the defined formation of sub-µL droplets on the one hand and the expansion of low nL to sub-µL droplets by controlled coalescence on the other. In this way the chamber acts as fluidic interface between two fluidic network parts dimensioned for different droplet volumes. Hence, channel confined droplets of about 30–40 nL from the first network part were expanded to cannel confined droplets of about 500 to about 2500 nL in the second network part. Four different operation modes were realized: (a) flow rate independent droplet formation in a self-controlled way caused by the bypassed chamber design, (b) single droplet expansion mode, (c) multiple droplet expansion mode, and (d) multiple droplet coalescence mode. The last mode was used for the automated coalescence of 12 droplets of about 40 nL volume to produce a highly ordered output sequence with individual droplet volumes of about 500 nL volume. The experimental investigation confirmed a high tolerance of the developed chamber against the variation of key parameters of the dispersed-phase like salt content, pH value and fluid viscosity. The presented fluidic chamber provides a solution for the problem of bridging different droplet volumes in a fluidic network.
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8
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Flow Chemistry in Contemporary Chemical Sciences: A Real Variety of Its Applications. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25061434. [PMID: 32245225 PMCID: PMC7146634 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Flow chemistry is an area of contemporary chemistry exploiting the hydrodynamic conditions of flowing liquids to provide particular environments for chemical reactions. These particular conditions of enhanced and strictly regulated transport of reagents, improved interface contacts, intensification of heat transfer, and safe operation with hazardous chemicals can be utilized in chemical synthesis, both for mechanization and automation of analytical procedures, and for the investigation of the kinetics of ultrafast reactions. Such methods are developed for more than half a century. In the field of chemical synthesis, they are used mostly in pharmaceutical chemistry for efficient syntheses of small amounts of active substances. In analytical chemistry, flow measuring systems are designed for environmental applications and industrial monitoring, as well as medical and pharmaceutical analysis, providing essential enhancement of the yield of analyses and precision of analytical determinations. The main concept of this review is to show the overlapping of development trends in the design of instrumentation and various ways of the utilization of specificity of chemical operations under flow conditions, especially for synthetic and analytical purposes, with a simultaneous presentation of the still rather limited correspondence between these two main areas of flow chemistry.
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Bartolo ND, Read JA, Valentín EM, Woerpel KA. Reactions of Allylmagnesium Reagents with Carbonyl Compounds and Compounds with C═N Double Bonds: Their Diastereoselectivities Generally Cannot Be Analyzed Using the Felkin-Anh and Chelation-Control Models. Chem Rev 2020; 120:1513-1619. [PMID: 31904936 PMCID: PMC7018623 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This review describes the additions of allylmagnesium reagents to carbonyl compounds and to imines, focusing on the differences in reactivity between allylmagnesium halides and other Grignard reagents. In many cases, allylmagnesium reagents either react with low stereoselectivity when other Grignard reagents react with high selectivity, or allylmagnesium reagents react with the opposite stereoselectivity. This review collects hundreds of examples, discusses the origins of stereoselectivities or the lack of stereoselectivity, and evaluates why selectivity may not occur and when it will likely occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole D. Bartolo
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100
Washington Square East, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Jacquelyne A. Read
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100
Washington Square East, New York, NY 10003, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400
East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Valentín
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100
Washington Square East, New York, NY 10003, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Susquehanna University, 514
University Avenue, Selinsgrove, PA 17870, USA
| | - K. A. Woerpel
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100
Washington Square East, New York, NY 10003, USA
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10
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Waldron C, Pankajakshan A, Quaglio M, Cao E, Galvanin F, Gavriilidis A. Closed-Loop Model-Based Design of Experiments for Kinetic Model Discrimination and Parameter Estimation: Benzoic Acid Esterification on a Heterogeneous Catalyst. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Conor Waldron
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, U.K
| | - Arun Pankajakshan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, U.K
| | - Marco Quaglio
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, U.K
| | - Enhong Cao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, U.K
| | - Federico Galvanin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, U.K
| | - Asterios Gavriilidis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, U.K
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11
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Chen W, Guo T, Kapoor Y, Russell C, Juyal P, Yen A, Hartman RL. An automated microfluidic system for the investigation of asphaltene deposition and dissolution in porous media. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:3628-3640. [PMID: 31517362 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00671k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Asphaltenes, among the most complex components of crude oil, vary in their molecular structure, composition, and self-assembly in porous media. This complexity makes them challenging in laboratory characterization methods. In the present work, a novel microfluidic device was designed to access in situ transient, high-fidelity information on asphaltene deposition and dissolution within porous media. The automated microfluidic device features three independent 4.5 μL packed-bed microreactors on the same chip. The deposition of asphaltenes was investigated at five different temperatures (ranging from 25-65 °C) in addition to dissociation with xylenes. Our findings demonstrate a decrease in the dispersity of asphaltene nanoaggregates in the porous media when the deposition temperature is increased. Furthermore, the direct quantification of the dissociation solvent was made possible by in situ Raman spectroscopy. The average occupancy of xylenes and xylene-free porous media (or unrecognized sites) was estimated to be 0.41 and 0.66, respectively. It was observed that asphaltenes deposited at higher deposition temperatures are more difficult to dissociate by xylenes than those deposited at lower temperatures. In order to develop efficient remediation treatments in energy production operations, the convoluted behaviours of asphaltenes in porous media must be understood on a molecular level. Automated microfluidic systems have the potential to streamline treatment designs, improve their efficiency, and enable the design of green chemistry in conventional energy production operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqi Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA.
| | - Tony Guo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA.
| | - Yogesh Kapoor
- Anadarko Petroleum Corporation, The Woodlands, TX 77380, USA
| | | | - Priyanka Juyal
- Nalco Champion, An Ecolab Company, Sugar Land, TX 77478, USA
| | - Andrew Yen
- Nalco Champion, An Ecolab Company, Sugar Land, TX 77478, USA
| | - Ryan L Hartman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA.
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12
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Aka EC, Wimmer E, Barré E, Vasudevan N, Cortés-Borda D, Ekou T, Ekou L, Rodriguez-Zubiri M, Felpin FX. Reconfigurable Flow Platform for Automated Reagent Screening and Autonomous Optimization for Bioinspired Lignans Synthesis. J Org Chem 2019; 84:14101-14112. [PMID: 31568728 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring benzoxanthenones, which belong to the vast family of lignans, are promising biologically relevant targets. They are biosynthetically produced by the oxidative dimerization of 2-propenyl phenols. In this manuscript, we disclose a powerful automated flow-based strategy for identifying and optimizing a cobalt-catalyzed oxidizing system for the bioinspired dimerization of 2-propenyl phenols. We designed a reconfigurable flow reactor associating online monitoring and process control instrumentation. Our machine was first configured as an automated screening platform to evaluate a matrix of 4 catalysts (plus the blank) and 5 oxidants (plus the blank) at two different temperatures, resulting in an array of 50 reactions. The automated screening was conducted on micromole scale at a rate of one fully characterized reaction every 26 min. After having identified the most promising cobalt-catalyzed oxidizing system, the automated screening platform was straightforwardly reconfigured to an autonomous self-optimizing flow reactor by implementation of an optimization algorithm in the closed-loop system. The optimization campaign allowed the determination of very effective experimental conditions in a limited number of experiments, which allowed us to prepare the natural products carpanone and polemannone B as well as synthetic analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehu Camille Aka
- Université de Nantes , CEISAM, CNRS UMR 6230 , 2 rue de la Houssinière , 44322 Cedex 3 Nantes , France
| | - Eric Wimmer
- Université de Nantes , CEISAM, CNRS UMR 6230 , 2 rue de la Houssinière , 44322 Cedex 3 Nantes , France
| | - Elvina Barré
- Université de Nantes , CEISAM, CNRS UMR 6230 , 2 rue de la Houssinière , 44322 Cedex 3 Nantes , France
| | - Natarajan Vasudevan
- Université de Nantes , CEISAM, CNRS UMR 6230 , 2 rue de la Houssinière , 44322 Cedex 3 Nantes , France
| | - Daniel Cortés-Borda
- Université de Nantes , CEISAM, CNRS UMR 6230 , 2 rue de la Houssinière , 44322 Cedex 3 Nantes , France
| | - Tchirioua Ekou
- Université Nangui Abrogoua , Laboratoire de Thermodynamique et de Physico-Chimie du Milieu , 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02 , Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Lynda Ekou
- Université Nangui Abrogoua , Laboratoire de Thermodynamique et de Physico-Chimie du Milieu , 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02 , Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Mireia Rodriguez-Zubiri
- Université de Nantes , CEISAM, CNRS UMR 6230 , 2 rue de la Houssinière , 44322 Cedex 3 Nantes , France
| | - François-Xavier Felpin
- Université de Nantes , CEISAM, CNRS UMR 6230 , 2 rue de la Houssinière , 44322 Cedex 3 Nantes , France
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Quaglio M, Waldron C, Pankajakshan A, Cao E, Gavriilidis A, Fraga ES, Galvanin F. An online reparametrisation approach for robust parameter estimation in automated model identification platforms. Comput Chem Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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14
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Waldron C, Pankajakshan A, Quaglio M, Cao E, Galvanin F, Gavriilidis A. An autonomous microreactor platform for the rapid identification of kinetic models. REACT CHEM ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8re00345a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Rapid estimation of kinetic parameters with high precision is facilitated by automation combined with online Model-Based Design of Experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor Waldron
- Dept of Chemical Engineering
- University College London
- London
- UK
| | | | - Marco Quaglio
- Dept of Chemical Engineering
- University College London
- London
- UK
| | - Enhong Cao
- Dept of Chemical Engineering
- University College London
- London
- UK
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15
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Henson AB, Gromski PS, Cronin L. Designing Algorithms To Aid Discovery by Chemical Robots. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2018; 4:793-804. [PMID: 30062108 PMCID: PMC6062836 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.8b00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Recently, automated robotic systems have become very efficient, thanks to improved coupling between sensor systems and algorithms, of which the latter have been gaining significance thanks to the increase in computing power over the past few decades. However, intelligent automated chemistry platforms for discovery orientated tasks need to be able to cope with the unknown, which is a profoundly hard problem. In this Outlook, we describe how recent advances in the design and application of algorithms, coupled with the increased amount of chemical data available, and automation and control systems may allow more productive chemical research and the development of chemical robots able to target discovery. This is shown through examples of workflow and data processing with automation and control, and through the use of both well-used and cutting-edge algorithms illustrated using recent studies in chemistry. Finally, several algorithms are presented in relation to chemical robots and chemical intelligence for knowledge discovery.
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16
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Renom-Carrasco M, Lefort L. Ligand libraries for high throughput screening of homogeneous catalysts. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:5038-5060. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00844a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This review describes different approaches to construct ligand libraries towards high throughput screening of homogeneous metal catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Renom-Carrasco
- Institut de Chimie de Lyon
- Laboratory C2P2 UMR 5265-CNRS-Université de Lyon 1-CPE Lyon
- 69616 Villeurbanne
- France
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Šalić A, Zelić B. Synergy of Microtechnology and Biotechnology: Microreactors as an Effective Tool
for Biotransformation Processes §: §The paper was presented at European Biotechnology Congress, 25-27 May 2017, Dubrovnik, Croatia. Food Technol Biotechnol 2018; 56:464-479. [PMID: 30923444 PMCID: PMC6399720 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.56.04.18.5673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that microreactors have been present for more than 40 years now and that their potential has been extensively exploited in chemical synthesis, analytics and screening, to date very few biocatalytic processes have been explored in microreactors. It is claimed that enzymatic microreactor technology is exactly in the same place where chemical microreactors were 15 years ago. However, general opinion is that the efforts devoted to the research of micro-enzymatic reactors will inaugurate a new breakthrough in bio-based processing. The aim of this review is to explore the synergy between microtechnology, mainly microreactors, and biotechnology, and to assess its potential, opportunities, challenges and future application in biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Šalić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Marulićev trg 19, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Bruno Zelić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Marulićev trg 19, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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18
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Swyka RA, Berkowitz DB. The In Situ Enzymatic Screening (ISES) Approach to Reaction Discovery and Catalyst Identification. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN CHEMICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 9:285-305. [PMID: 29241292 PMCID: PMC5734113 DOI: 10.1002/cpch.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The importance of discovering new chemical transformations and/or optimizing catalytic combinations has led to a flurry of activity in reaction screening. The in situ enzymatic screening (ISES) approach described here utilizes biological tools (enzymes/cofactors) to advance chemistry. The protocol interfaces an organic reaction layer with an adjacent aqueous layer containing reporting enzymes that act upon the organic reaction product, giving rise to a spectroscopic signal. ISES allows the experimentalist to rapidly glean information on the relative rates of a set of parallel organic/organometallic reactions under investigation, without the need to quench the reactions or draw aliquots. In certain cases, the real-time enzymatic readout also provides information on sense and magnitude of enantioselectivity and substrate specificity. This article contains protocols for single-well (relative rate) and double-well (relative rate/enantiomeric excess) ISES, in addition to a colorimetric ISES protocol and a miniaturized double-well procedure. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Swyka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska
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19
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Yang X, Acevedo D, Mohammad A, Pavurala N, Wu H, Brayton AL, Shaw RA, Goldman MJ, He F, Li S, Fisher RJ, O’Connor TF, Cruz CN. Risk Considerations on Developing a Continuous Crystallization System for Carbamazepine. Org Process Res Dev 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.7b00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochuan Yang
- Office of Pharmaceutical
Quality, CDER, FDA, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993-0002, United States
| | - David Acevedo
- Office of Pharmaceutical
Quality, CDER, FDA, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993-0002, United States
| | - Adil Mohammad
- Office of Pharmaceutical
Quality, CDER, FDA, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993-0002, United States
| | - Naresh Pavurala
- Office of Pharmaceutical
Quality, CDER, FDA, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993-0002, United States
| | - Huiquan Wu
- Office of Pharmaceutical
Quality, CDER, FDA, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993-0002, United States
| | - Alex L. Brayton
- Office of Pharmaceutical
Quality, CDER, FDA, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993-0002, United States
| | - Ryan A. Shaw
- Office of Pharmaceutical
Quality, CDER, FDA, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993-0002, United States
| | - Mark J. Goldman
- Office of Pharmaceutical
Quality, CDER, FDA, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993-0002, United States
| | - Fan He
- Office of Pharmaceutical
Quality, CDER, FDA, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993-0002, United States
| | - Shuaili Li
- Office of Pharmaceutical
Quality, CDER, FDA, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993-0002, United States
| | - Robert J. Fisher
- Office of Pharmaceutical
Quality, CDER, FDA, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993-0002, United States
| | - Thomas F. O’Connor
- Office of Pharmaceutical
Quality, CDER, FDA, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993-0002, United States
| | - Celia N. Cruz
- Office of Pharmaceutical
Quality, CDER, FDA, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993-0002, United States
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20
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Xue F, Deng H, Xue C, Mohamed DKB, Tang KY, Wu J. Reaction discovery using acetylene gas as the chemical feedstock accelerated by the "stop-flow" micro-tubing reactor system. Chem Sci 2017; 8:3623-3627. [PMID: 30155207 PMCID: PMC6094156 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc00408g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A “stop-flow” micro-tubing reactor system was designed for accelerating reaction discovery using flammable acetylene gas as the feedstock.
Acetylene gas has been applied as a feedstock under transition-metal catalysis and photo-redox conditions to produce important chemicals including terminal alkynes, fulvenes, and fluorinated styrene compounds. The reaction discovery process was accelerated through the use of “stop-flow” micro-tubing reactors. This reactor prototype was developed by joining elements from both continuous micro-flow and conventional batch reactors, which was convenient and effective for gas/liquid reaction screening. Notably, the developed transformations were either inefficient or unsuccessful in conventional batch reactors. Its success relies on the unique advantages provided by this “stop-flow” micro-tubing reactor system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xue
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , Republic of Singapore 117543 .
| | - Hongping Deng
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , Republic of Singapore 117543 .
| | - Chengwen Xue
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , Republic of Singapore 117543 .
| | | | - Karen Yuanting Tang
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , Republic of Singapore 117543 .
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , Republic of Singapore 117543 .
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21
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Hwang YJ, Coley CW, Abolhasani M, Marzinzik AL, Koch G, Spanka C, Lehmann H, Jensen KF. A segmented flow platform for on-demand medicinal chemistry and compound synthesis in oscillating droplets. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:6649-6652. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc03584e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
An automated flow chemistry platform performs single/multi-phase and single/multi-step chemistries in 14 μL droplets with online analysis and product collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Jin Hwang
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering
| | - Connor W. Coley
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
| | - Milad Abolhasani
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- North Carolina State University
- Raleigh
- USA
| | | | - Guido Koch
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research
- CH-4056 Basel
- Switzerland
| | - Carsten Spanka
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research
- CH-4056 Basel
- Switzerland
| | | | - Klavs F. Jensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
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22
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Cortés-Borda D, Kutonova KV, Jamet C, Trusova ME, Zammattio F, Truchet C, Rodriguez-Zubiri M, Felpin FX. Optimizing the Heck–Matsuda Reaction in Flow with a Constraint-Adapted Direct Search Algorithm. Org Process Res Dev 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.6b00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Cortés-Borda
- Université
de Nantes, UFR des Sciences et des Techniques, CNRS UMR 6241, LINA, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
- Université
de Nantes, UFR des Sciences et des Techniques, CNRS UMR 6230, CEISAM, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Ksenia V. Kutonova
- Department
of Biotechnology and Organic Chemistry, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Corentin Jamet
- Université
de Nantes, UFR des Sciences et des Techniques, CNRS UMR 6241, LINA, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Marina E. Trusova
- Department
of Biotechnology and Organic Chemistry, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Françoise Zammattio
- Université
de Nantes, UFR des Sciences et des Techniques, CNRS UMR 6241, LINA, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Charlotte Truchet
- Université
de Nantes, UFR des Sciences et des Techniques, CNRS UMR 6230, CEISAM, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Mireia Rodriguez-Zubiri
- Université
de Nantes, UFR des Sciences et des Techniques, CNRS UMR 6241, LINA, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - François-Xavier Felpin
- Université
de Nantes, UFR des Sciences et des Techniques, CNRS UMR 6241, LINA, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
- Institut Universitaire
de France, 1 rue Descartes, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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23
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24
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Trojanowicz M. Flow chemistry vs. flow analysis. Talanta 2016; 146:621-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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Dohi T, Kamitanaka T, Takamuro H, Mishima Y, Washimi N, Kita Y. A new arylation of silyl enol ethers by quinone monoacetal substitution. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.11.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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26
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Wang S, Yu Y, Chen X, Zhu H, Du P, Liu G, Lou L, Li H, Wang W. FeCl 3 -catalyzed selective acylation of amines with 1,3-diketones via C–C bond cleavage. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.12.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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27
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Reizman BJ, Jensen KF. Simultaneous solvent screening and reaction optimization in microliter slugs. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc03651h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An automated microfluidic system rapidly discovers optimal and scalable reaction conditions for alkylation while teasing-out integrated discrete and continuous variable relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon J. Reizman
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Novartis-MIT Center for Continuous Manufacturing
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
| | - Klavs F. Jensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Novartis-MIT Center for Continuous Manufacturing
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
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28
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Créminon C, Taran F. Enzyme immunoassays as screening tools for catalysts and reaction discovery. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:7996-8009. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc00599j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This feature article summarizes the development and use of immunoassay techniques (ELISA) as screening tools for fast identification of efficient catalysts in libraries and for the discovery of new chemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frédéric Taran
- CEA
- iBiTecS
- Service de Chimie Bioorganique et de Marquage
- Gif sur Yvette
- France
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29
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Contemporary screening approaches to reaction discovery and development. Nat Chem 2014; 6:859-71. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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30
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Martin V, Goodell JR, Ingham OJ, Porco JA, Beeler AB. Multidimensional reaction screening for photochemical transformations as a tool for discovering new chemotypes. J Org Chem 2014; 79:3838-46. [PMID: 24697145 PMCID: PMC4017617 DOI: 10.1021/jo500190b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We have developed an automated photochemical microfluidics platform that integrates a 1 kW high-pressure Hg vapor lamp and allows for analytical pulse flow or preparative continuous flow reactions. Herein, we will discuss the use of this platform toward the discovery of new chemotypes through multidimensional reaction screening. We will highlight the ability to discretely control wavelengths with optical filters, allowing for control of reaction outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique
I. Martin
- Department
of Chemistry and
Center for Chemical Methodology and Library Development (CMLD-BU), Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - John R. Goodell
- Department
of Chemistry and
Center for Chemical Methodology and Library Development (CMLD-BU), Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Oscar J. Ingham
- Department
of Chemistry and
Center for Chemical Methodology and Library Development (CMLD-BU), Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - John A. Porco
- Department
of Chemistry and
Center for Chemical Methodology and Library Development (CMLD-BU), Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Aaron B. Beeler
- Department
of Chemistry and
Center for Chemical Methodology and Library Development (CMLD-BU), Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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31
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Unlocking the potential benefits of flow chemistry in the drug-discovery process. Future Med Chem 2014; 6:845-7. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc.14.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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32
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Bonney KJ, Schoenebeck F. Experiment and computation: a combined approach to study the reactivity of palladium complexes in oxidation states 0 toiv. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:6609-38. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00061g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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33
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Garlets ZJ, Nguyen JD, Stephenson CRJ. The Development of Visible-Light Photoredox Catalysis in Flow. Isr J Chem 2014; 54:351-360. [PMID: 25484447 DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201300136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Visible-light photoredox catalysis has recently emerged as a viable alternative for radical reactions otherwise carried out with tin and boron reagents. It has been recognized that by merging photoredox catalysis with flow chemistry, slow reaction times, lower yields, and safety concerns may be obviated. While flow reactors have been successfully applied to reactions carried out with UV light, only recent developments have demonstrated the same potential of flow reactors for the improvement of visible-light-mediated reactions. This review examines the initial and continuing development of visible-light-mediated photoredox flow chemistry by exemplifying the benefits of flow chemistry compared with conventional batch techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J Garlets
- University of Michigan, Department of Chemistry, 930 N. University Ave. Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 (USA)
| | - John D Nguyen
- University of Michigan, Department of Chemistry, 930 N. University Ave. Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 (USA)
| | - Corey R J Stephenson
- University of Michigan, Department of Chemistry, 930 N. University Ave. Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 (USA)
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34
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Ismail R, Irribaren J, Javed MR, Machness A, Michael van Dam R, Keng PY. Cationic imidazolium polymer monoliths for efficient solvent exchange, activation and fluorination on a continuous flow system. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra04064c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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35
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Bos PH, Antalek MT, Porco JA, Stephenson CRJ. Tandem dienone photorearrangement-cycloaddition for the rapid generation of molecular complexity. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:17978-82. [PMID: 24161069 PMCID: PMC3964885 DOI: 10.1021/ja409992m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A tandem dienone photorearrangement-cycloaddition (DPC) reaction of novel cyclohexadienone substrates tethered with various 2π and 4π reaction partners resulted in the formation of polycyclic, bridged frameworks. In particular, use of alkynyl ether-tethered substrates led to (3 + 2) cycloaddition to afford strained alkenes which could be further elaborated by intra- and intermolecular cycloaddition chemistry to produce complex, polycyclic chemotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter H. Bos
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Chemical Methodology and Library Development (CMLD-BU) Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Mitchell T. Antalek
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Chemical Methodology and Library Development (CMLD-BU) Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - John A. Porco
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Chemical Methodology and Library Development (CMLD-BU) Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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36
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Elvira KS, Casadevall i Solvas X, Wootton RCR, deMello AJ. The past, present and potential for microfluidic reactor technology in chemical synthesis. Nat Chem 2013; 5:905-915. [PMID: 24153367 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.l753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The past two decades have seen far-reaching progress in the development of microfluidic systems for use in the chemical and biological sciences. Here we assess the utility of microfluidic reactor technology as a tool in chemical synthesis in both academic research and industrial applications. We highlight the successes and failures of past research in the field and provide a catalogue of chemistries performed in a microfluidic reactor. We then assess the current roadblocks hindering the widespread use of microfluidic reactors from the perspectives of both synthetic chemistry and industrial application. Finally, we set out seven challenges that we hope will inspire future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine S Elvira
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli Strasse 10, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
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37
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The past, present and potential for microfluidic reactor technology in chemical synthesis. Nat Chem 2013; 5:905-15. [PMID: 24153367 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 636] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The past two decades have seen far-reaching progress in the development of microfluidic systems for use in the chemical and biological sciences. Here we assess the utility of microfluidic reactor technology as a tool in chemical synthesis in both academic research and industrial applications. We highlight the successes and failures of past research in the field and provide a catalogue of chemistries performed in a microfluidic reactor. We then assess the current roadblocks hindering the widespread use of microfluidic reactors from the perspectives of both synthetic chemistry and industrial application. Finally, we set out seven challenges that we hope will inspire future research in this field.
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38
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Köhler JM, Li S, Knauer A. Why is Micro Segmented Flow Particularly Promising for the Synthesis of Nanomaterials? Chem Eng Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201200695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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39
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Hu Y, Kamitanaka T, Mishima Y, Dohi T, Kita Y. Brønsted Acid-Controlled [3 + 2] Coupling Reaction of Quinone Monoacetals with Alkene Nucleophiles: A Catalytic System of Perfluorinated Acids and Hydrogen Bond Donor for the Construction of Benzofurans. J Org Chem 2013; 78:5530-43. [DOI: 10.1021/jo400613z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yinjun Hu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577,
Japan
| | - Tohru Kamitanaka
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577,
Japan
| | - Yusuke Mishima
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577,
Japan
| | - Toshifumi Dohi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577,
Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Kita
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577,
Japan
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40
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Cabrera-Pardo JR, Chai DI, Liu S, Mrksich M, Kozmin SA. Label-assisted mass spectrometry for the acceleration of reaction discovery and optimization. Nat Chem 2013; 5:423-7. [PMID: 23609094 PMCID: PMC4512672 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The identification of new reactions expands our knowledge of chemical reactivity and enables new synthetic applications. Accelerating the pace of this discovery process remains challenging. We describe a highly effective and simple platform for screening a large number of potential chemical reactions in order to discover and optimize previously unknown catalytic transformations, thereby revealing new chemical reactivity. Our strategy is based on labelling one of the reactants with a polyaromatic chemical tag, which selectively undergoes a photoionization/desorption process upon laser irradiation, without the assistance of an external matrix, and enables rapid mass spectrometric detection of any products originating from such labelled reactants in complex reaction mixtures without any chromatographic separation. This method was successfully used for high-throughput discovery and subsequent optimization of two previously unknown benzannulation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime R. Cabrera-Pardo
- Chicago Tri-Institutional Center for Chemical Methods and Library Development, Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - David I. Chai
- Chicago Tri-Institutional Center for Chemical Methods and Library Development, Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Song Liu
- Chicago Tri-Institutional Center for Chemical Methods and Library Development, Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Milan Mrksich
- Chicago Tri-Institutional Center for Chemical Methods and Library Development, Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Sergey A. Kozmin
- Chicago Tri-Institutional Center for Chemical Methods and Library Development, Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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41
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Lee M, Lee YJ, Park E, Park Y, Ha MW, Hong S, Lee YJ, Kim TS, Kim MH, Park HG. Highly enantioselective synthesis of 5-phenyl-2-alkylprolines using phase-transfer catalytic alkylation. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:2039-46. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob27089k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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42
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Ylijoki KEO, Stryker JM. [5 + 2] Cycloaddition Reactions in Organic and Natural Product Synthesis. Chem Rev 2012; 113:2244-66. [PMID: 23153111 DOI: 10.1021/cr300087g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai E. O. Ylijoki
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Alberta, Edmonton,
Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Jeffrey M. Stryker
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Alberta, Edmonton,
Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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43
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Presset M, Coquerel Y, Rodriguez J. Syntheses and Applications of Functionalized Bicyclo[3.2.1]octanes: Thirteen Years of Progress. Chem Rev 2012; 113:525-95. [DOI: 10.1021/cr200364p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Presset
- Aix Marseille
Université, CNRS,
iSm2 UMR 7313, 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Yoann Coquerel
- Aix Marseille
Université, CNRS,
iSm2 UMR 7313, 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Jean Rodriguez
- Aix Marseille
Université, CNRS,
iSm2 UMR 7313, 13397 Marseille, France
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44
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Reizman BJ, Jensen KF. An Automated Continuous-Flow Platform for the Estimation of Multistep Reaction Kinetics. Org Process Res Dev 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/op3001838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon J. Reizman
- Department of Chemical Engineering,
Novartis Center
for Continuous Manufacturing, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Room 66-350, 77 Massachusetts Avenue,
Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Klavs F. Jensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering,
Novartis Center
for Continuous Manufacturing, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Room 66-350, 77 Massachusetts Avenue,
Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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45
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Leng B, Chichetti S, Su S, Beeler AB, Porco JA. Synthesis of a novel chemotype via sequential metal-catalyzed cycloisomerizations. Beilstein J Org Chem 2012; 8:1338-43. [PMID: 23019468 PMCID: PMC3458758 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.8.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sequential cycloisomerizations of diynyl o-benzaldehyde substrates to access novel polycyclic cyclopropanes are reported. The reaction sequence involves initial Cu(I)-mediated cycloisomerization/nucleophilic addition to an isochromene followed by diastereoselective Pt(II)-catalyzed enyne cycloisomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Leng
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Chemical Methodology and Library Development (CMLD-BU), Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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Yavorskyy A, Shvydkiv O, Hoffmann N, Nolan K, Oelgemöller M. Parallel Microflow Photochemistry: Process Optimization, Scale-up, and Library Synthesis. Org Lett 2012; 14:4342-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol301773r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Yavorskyy
- Dublin City University, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin 9, Ireland, UMR 7312 CNRS et Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, 51687, Reims, Cedex 02, France, and James Cook University, School of Pharmacy and Molecular Sciences, CBMDT, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Oksana Shvydkiv
- Dublin City University, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin 9, Ireland, UMR 7312 CNRS et Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, 51687, Reims, Cedex 02, France, and James Cook University, School of Pharmacy and Molecular Sciences, CBMDT, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Norbert Hoffmann
- Dublin City University, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin 9, Ireland, UMR 7312 CNRS et Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, 51687, Reims, Cedex 02, France, and James Cook University, School of Pharmacy and Molecular Sciences, CBMDT, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Kieran Nolan
- Dublin City University, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin 9, Ireland, UMR 7312 CNRS et Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, 51687, Reims, Cedex 02, France, and James Cook University, School of Pharmacy and Molecular Sciences, CBMDT, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Michael Oelgemöller
- Dublin City University, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin 9, Ireland, UMR 7312 CNRS et Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, 51687, Reims, Cedex 02, France, and James Cook University, School of Pharmacy and Molecular Sciences, CBMDT, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
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Bremus-Köbberling E, Gillner A, Avemaria F, Réthoré C, Bräse S. Photochemistry with laser radiation in condensed phase using miniaturized photoreactors. Beilstein J Org Chem 2012; 8:1213-8. [PMID: 23019450 PMCID: PMC3458740 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.8.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Miniaturized microreactors enable photochemistry with laser irradiation in flow mode to convert azidobiphenyl into carbazole with high efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arnold Gillner
- Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology, Steinbachstrasse 15, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Frank Avemaria
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Céline Réthoré
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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Jankowski P, Ogończyk D, Lisowski W, Garstecki P. Polyethyleneimine coating renders polycarbonate resistant to organic solvents. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:2580-2584. [PMID: 22596179 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc21297h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We propose a method for the modification of surfaces of microchannels in chips fabricated in polycarbonate (PC) that makes the devices resistant to a range of organic solvents. Coating of PC with branched polyethyleneimine (BPEI) with the use of trimethylpropane triglycidyl ether (TTE) as a linker renders the devices resistant to toluene, benzene, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane and ethylene dichloride. The optimized procedure of modification allows for continuous operation of the chips for several hours without dissolution of PC. Additional modification with the use of Krytox® allows for the use of Fluorinert (FC-40) as the continuous phase and for generation and handling of droplets of organic solvents that are miscible with water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Jankowski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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Quinton J, Kolodych S, Chaumonet M, Bevilacqua V, Nevers MC, Volland H, Gabillet S, Thuéry P, Créminon C, Taran F. Reaction discovery by using a sandwich immunoassay. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:6144-8. [PMID: 22566166 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201201451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Revised: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Quinton
- CEA, iBiTecS, Service de Chimie Bioorganique et de Marquage, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
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