1
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Jedraszko J, Krysiak O, Adamiak W, Nogala W, Girault HH, Opallo M. H2O2Generation at a Carbon-Paste Electrode with Decamethylferrocene in 2-Nitrophenyloctyl Ether as a Binder: Catalytic Effect of MoS2Particles. ChemElectroChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201600242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Jedraszko
- Institute of Physical Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Olga Krysiak
- Institute of Physical Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Wojciech Adamiak
- Institute of Physical Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Wojciech Nogala
- Institute of Physical Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Hubert H. Girault
- EPFL Valais Wallis, EPFL SB ISIC LEPA; Rue de l'Industrie 17, Case postale 440 CH-1951 Sion Switzerland
| | - Marcin Opallo
- Institute of Physical Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
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2
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Li M, Guo Z, Zhu W, Marken F, James TD. A redox-activated fluorescence switch based on a ferrocene–fluorophore–boronic ester conjugate. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:1293-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc07891h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A novel electrochemically and fluorescence active boronic ester sensor molecule has been developed containing ferrocene and naphthalimide as the redox and fluorophore units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Bath
- Bath
- UK
| | - Zhiqian Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals
- East China University of Science & Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- P. R. China
| | - Weihong Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals
- East China University of Science & Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- P. R. China
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3
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The Measurement of the Gibbs Energy of Transfer Between Oil and Water Using a Nano-Carbon Paste Electrode. ELECTROANAL 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201300478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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4
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Nissim R, Compton RG. Superoxide generation from the reduction of oxygen at the carbon–oil–water triple phase boundary. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:11918-25. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp51732b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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5
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Abstract
The main aspects related to the charge transfer reactions occurring at the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES) are described. The particular topics to be discussed involve simple ion transfer. Focus is given on theoretical approaches, numerical simulations, and experimental methodologies. Concerning the theoretical procedures, different computational simulations related to simple ion transfer are reviewed. The main conclusions drawn from the most accepted models are described and analyzed in regard to their relevance for explaining different aspects of ion transfer. We describe numerical simulations implementing different approaches for solving the differential equations associated with the mass transport and charge transfer. These numerical simulations are correlated with selected experimental results; their usefulness in designing new experiments is summarized. Finally, many practical applications can be envisaged regarding the determination of physicochemical properties, electroanalysis, drug lipophilicity, and phase-transfer catalysis.
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6
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Halls JE, Wadhawan JD. Biphasic Voltammetry of N,N,N′,N′-Tetraphenyl-para-phenylenediamine Microdroplets, Microparticles and Microparticle Suspensions. ELECTROANAL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201000633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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7
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Marken F, Watkins JD, Collins AM. Ion-transfer- and photo-electrochemistry at liquid|liquid|solid electrode triple phase boundary junctions: perspectives. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:10036-47. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp20375d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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8
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Vuorema A, Meadows H, Ibrahim NB, Del Campo J, Cortina-Puig M, Vagin MY, Karyakin AA, Sillanpää M, Marken F. Ion Transport Across Liquid|Liquid Interfacial Boundaries Monitored at Generator-Collector Electrodes. ELECTROANAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201000368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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9
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Collins AM, Zhang X, Scragg JJ, Blanchard GJ, Marken F. Triple Phase Boundary Photovoltammetry: Resolving Rhodamine B Reactivity in 4-(3-Phenylpropyl)-Pyridine Microdroplets. Chemphyschem 2010; 11:2862-70. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200000094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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10
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Boronic acid-facilitated α-hydroxy-carboxylate anion transfer at liquid/liquid electrode systems: the EICrev mechanism. J Solid State Electrochem 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-008-0709-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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Katif N, MacDonald S, Kelly A, Galbraith E, James T, Lubben A, Opallo M, Marken F. Electrocatalytic Determination of Sulfite at Immobilized Microdroplet Liquid|Liquid Interfaces: The EIC′ Mechanism. ELECTROANAL 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200704127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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MacDonald SM, Opallo M, Klamt A, Eckert F, Marken F. Probing carboxylate Gibbs transfer energies via liquid|liquid transfer at triple phase boundary electrodes: ion-transfer voltammetry versus COSMO-RS predictions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2008; 10:3925-33. [DOI: 10.1039/b803582b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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KAKIUCHI T. Mutual Solubility of Hydrophobic Ionic Liquids and Water in Liquid-Liquid Two-phase Systems for Analytical Chemistry. ANAL SCI 2008; 24:1221-30. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.24.1221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi KAKIUCHI
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Kyoto University
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14
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MacDonald SM, Fletcher PD, Cui ZG, Opallo M, Chen J, Marken F. Carbon nanoparticle stabilised liquid|liquid micro-interfaces for electrochemically driven ion-transfer processes. Electrochim Acta 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2007.01.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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15
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Quentel F, Elleouet C, Mirčeski V, Agmo Hernández V, L’Her M, Lovrić M, Komorsky-Lovrić Š, Scholz F. Studying ion transfers across a room temperature ionic liquid∣aqueous electrolyte interface driven by redox reactions of lutetium bis(tetra-tert-butylphthalocyaninato). J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2007.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Gulaboski R, Pereira CM, Cordeiro MNDS, Silva AF, Hoth M, Bogeski I. Redox properties of the calcium chelator Fura-2 in mimetic biomembranes. Cell Calcium 2007; 43:615-21. [PMID: 18001832 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2007.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2007] [Revised: 09/26/2007] [Accepted: 10/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Fura-2 is one of the most commonly used fluorescent dyes to analyze the cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) of living cells. Fura-2-dependent measurements of [Ca(2+)](i) are susceptible to changes of pH, reactive oxygen species concentration and membrane potential. Fura-2 is often loaded over the lipophilic cell membrane into the cytosol of a cell in its esterified form (Fura-2/AM) which is then cleaved by endogenous esterases. We have analyzed the electrochemical properties of Fura-2/AM and Fura-2 salt by cyclic voltammetry ("three-phase" and "thin-film" electrode methods). Using Fura-2/AM as a redox facilitator, we were able to mimic the transport of various ions across a lipophilic barrier. We show that Fura-2/AM in this biomimetic set-up can be reversibly oxidized in a single electrochemical step. Its redox reaction was highly proton sensitive in buffers with pH< or =6. At physiological pH of around 7.0, the oxidation of Fura-2/AM was coupled to an uptake of mono-anions across the liquid-liquid interface. The voltage-dependence of the redox cycle was sensitive to the free Ca(2+) concentration, either after de-esterification of Fura-2/AM, or when Fura-2 salt was used. The complex between Fura-2 and Ca(2+) ions is ionic (complexation occurs via the dissociated negative groups of Fura forms), while the redox transformations in Fura-2 occurs at the nitrogen atoms of the amino groups. Our results suggest that redox transformations of the Fura-2 forms do not affect the binding ability toward Ca(2+) ions and thus do not interfere with [Ca(2+)](i) measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubin Gulaboski
- CIQ-UP L4, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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17
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Electrochemical processes at a flowing organic solvent∣aqueous electrolyte phase boundary. Electrochem commun 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2007.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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18
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Chang HC, Shiozaki T, Kamata A, Kishida K, Ohmori T, Kiriya D, Yamauchi T, Furukawa H, Kitagawa S. A redox-active columnar metallomesogen and its cyclic voltammetric responses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1039/b709103f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Bak E, Donten M, Skompska M, Stojek Z. Electrodeposition of Poly(N-vinylcarbazole) at the Three-Phase Junction. Formation of Very Different Polymer Structures. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:24635-41. [PMID: 17134225 DOI: 10.1021/jp063935w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Poly(N-vinylcarbazole) films can be deposited at the three-phase boundary when the organic phase contains only monomer, N-vinylcarbazole, while the aqueous phase contains supporting electrolyte. A cylindrical platinum microelectrode is immersed into the two-liquid system in such a way that a part of it is located in one liquid and the other part resides in the second liquid. The thickness of the reaction layer, or the width of the microelectrode zone where the polymer grows, depends on the kind of ions present in the aqueous phase and the time of the experiment. The structure of the deposited polymer may be very different and depends on the distance from the three-phase boundary and the type of the anion present in the aqueous phase. The key parameters here are the local electrode potential and the local concentration of the anions. The list of obtained polymer structures includes, among others, arrays of perfectly arranged deep oval channels and groups of microcrystals. The porosity of the polymer deposits increases with the distance from the aqueous phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Bak
- Department of Chemistry, Warsaw University, ul. Pasteura 1, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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20
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Hernández VA, Scholz F. One redox probe (dmfc) can drive the transfer of anions and cations across the aqueous electrolyte∣ionic liquid interface. Electrochem commun 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2006.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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21
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Bonné MJ, Reynolds C, Yates S, Shul G, Niedziolka J, Opallo M, Marken F. The electrochemical ion-transfer reactivity of porphyrinato metal complexes in 4-(3-phenylpropyl)pyridine | water systems. NEW J CHEM 2006. [DOI: 10.1039/b514348a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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23
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Mirčeski V. Effect of silver particles deposited at the water∣nitrobenzene interface on the voltammetric response of thin-film electrodes. Electrochem commun 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2005.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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24
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Mesoporous platinum hosts for electrode∣liquid∣liquid – Triple phase boundary redox systems. Electrochem commun 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2005.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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25
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Shul G, Opallo M, Marken F. Liquid–liquid interfacial processes at hydrophobic silica carbon composite electrodes: ion transfer at water–nitrobenzene, water–o-nitrophenyloctylether, and at water–o-nitrophenylphenylether interfaces. Electrochim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2004.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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26
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Rozniecka E, Shul G, Sirieix-Plenet J, Gaillon L, Opallo M. Electroactive ceramic carbon electrode modified with ionic liquid. Electrochem commun 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2005.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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27
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Opallo M, Saczek-Maj M, Shul G, Hayman CM, Page PCB, Marken F. Microphase voltammetry of diluted and undiluted redox liquids deposited on sol–gel ceramic carbon electrodes. Electrochim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2004.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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28
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Dryfe RAW, Walter EC, Penner RM. Electrodeposition of Metal Nanostructures by Galvanic Displacement Powered with Insoluble Crystals of a Ferrocene Derivative. Chemphyschem 2004; 5:1879-84. [PMID: 15648136 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200400298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The deposition of metal nanostructures (wires and particles) on a graphite surface from an aqueous electrolyte solution was induced by galvanic displacement, via the oxidation of insoluble crystals of a ferrocene derivative (either n-butyl ferrocene or decamethyl ferrocene) present on the same substrate. Micron-to-millimetre-scale crystallites of decamethyl ferrocene were deposited on the graphite surface by evaporation from a solution of a nonpolar solvent (1,2-dichloroethane). Immersion of this modified surface into a dilute solution of a metal ion (e.g., CuII, AgI, PdII, PtII and others) caused the deposition of metal nanoparticles at step edges present on the graphite surface. The reducing equivalents required for the metal deposition process are provided by oxidation of the ferrocene derivative on the surface, as directly evidenced by elemental analysis and chronoamperometric experimental data presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A W Dryfe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester Institute of Science & Technology, PO Box 88, Manchester, UK.
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29
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Stott SJ, McKenzie KJ, Mortimer RJ, Hayman CM, Buckley BR, Bulman Page PC, Marken F, Shul G, Opallo M. Liquid | Liquid Ion-Transfer Processes at the Dioctylphosphoric Acid (N,N-didodecyl-N‘,N‘-diethylphenylenediamine) | Water (Electrolyte) Interface at Graphite and Mesoporous TiO2 Substrates. Anal Chem 2004; 76:5364-9. [PMID: 15362893 DOI: 10.1021/ac049317y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Biphasic electrode systems are studied for the case of the oxidation of the water-insoluble liquid N,N-didodecyl-N',N'-diethylphenylenediamine (DDPD) neat and dissolved in bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (HDOP) and immersed in aqueous electrolyte media. The oxidation process in the absence of HDOP is accompanied by transfer of the anion (perchlorate or phosphate) from the water into the organic phase. However, in the presence of HDOP, oxidation is accompanied by proton exchange instead. This electrochemically driven proton exchange process occurs over a wide pH range. Organic microdroplet deposits of DDPD in HDOP at basal plane pyrolytic graphite electrodes are studied by voltammetric techniques and compared in their behavior to organic microphase deposits in mesoporous TiO2 thin films. The mesoporous TiO2 thin film acts as a host for the organic liquid and provides an alternative biphasic electrode system compared to the random microdroplet/graphite system. Two types of mesoporous TiO2 thin-film electrodes, (i) a 300-400-nm film on ITO and (ii) a 300-400-nm film on ITO sputter-coated with a 20-nm porous gold layer, are investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan J Stott
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
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30
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Niedziolka J, Opallo M. Stabilising electrode|redox liquid|aqueous solution system with hydrophobic silicate film. Electrochem commun 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2004.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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31
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Gulaboski R, Galland A, Bouchard G, Caban K, Kretschmer A, Carrupt PA, Stojek Z, Girault HH, Scholz F. A Comparison of the Solvation Properties of 2-Nitrophenyloctyl Ether, Nitrobenzene, and n-Octanol as Assessed by Ion Transfer Experiments. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp037670m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rubin Gulaboski
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Greifswald, Soldmannstrasse 23, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany, Institut de Chimie Thérapeutique, Université de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, PL-02-093 Warszawa, Poland, and Laboratoire d'Électrochimie Physique et Analytique, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Galland
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Greifswald, Soldmannstrasse 23, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany, Institut de Chimie Thérapeutique, Université de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, PL-02-093 Warszawa, Poland, and Laboratoire d'Électrochimie Physique et Analytique, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Géraldine Bouchard
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Greifswald, Soldmannstrasse 23, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany, Institut de Chimie Thérapeutique, Université de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, PL-02-093 Warszawa, Poland, and Laboratoire d'Électrochimie Physique et Analytique, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Karolina Caban
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Greifswald, Soldmannstrasse 23, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany, Institut de Chimie Thérapeutique, Université de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, PL-02-093 Warszawa, Poland, and Laboratoire d'Électrochimie Physique et Analytique, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ansgar Kretschmer
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Greifswald, Soldmannstrasse 23, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany, Institut de Chimie Thérapeutique, Université de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, PL-02-093 Warszawa, Poland, and Laboratoire d'Électrochimie Physique et Analytique, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Alain Carrupt
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Greifswald, Soldmannstrasse 23, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany, Institut de Chimie Thérapeutique, Université de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, PL-02-093 Warszawa, Poland, and Laboratoire d'Électrochimie Physique et Analytique, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Zbigniew Stojek
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Greifswald, Soldmannstrasse 23, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany, Institut de Chimie Thérapeutique, Université de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, PL-02-093 Warszawa, Poland, and Laboratoire d'Électrochimie Physique et Analytique, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hubert H. Girault
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Greifswald, Soldmannstrasse 23, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany, Institut de Chimie Thérapeutique, Université de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, PL-02-093 Warszawa, Poland, and Laboratoire d'Électrochimie Physique et Analytique, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fritz Scholz
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Greifswald, Soldmannstrasse 23, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany, Institut de Chimie Thérapeutique, Université de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, PL-02-093 Warszawa, Poland, and Laboratoire d'Électrochimie Physique et Analytique, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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32
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Rees NV, Wadhawan JD, Klymenko OV, Coles BA, Compton RG. An electrochemical study of the oxidation of 1,3,5-Tris[4-[(3-methylphenyl)phenylamino]phenyl]benzene. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2003.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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33
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Scholz F, Gulaboski R, Caban K. The determination of standard Gibbs energies of transfer of cations across the nitrobenzene|water interface using a three-phase electrode. Electrochem commun 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2003.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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34
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Wain AJ, Wadhawan JD, Compton RG. Electrochemical Studies of Vitamin K1 Microdroplets: Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution. Chemphyschem 2003; 4:974-82. [PMID: 14562443 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200300765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The voltammetry of a basal-plane pyrolytic graphite electrode modified with a random ensemble of unsupported microdroplets of vitamin K, is investigated when the electrode is immersed in aqueous electrolytes. It is shown that in dilute acidic solutions, electroreduction occurs in a single two-electron two-proton process to yield the corresponding hydroquinone at the electrode\vitamin K1 microdroplet\aqueous-electrolyte three-phase boundary. On addition of ionic alkali-metal salts to the aqueous acidic phase, the electrochemical reduction of vitamin K1 to the quinol is accompanied by catalytic hydrogen evolution within and alkali-metal-cation insertion into the organic microdroplets. In strongly alkaline solutions, electrochemical reduction of vitamin K1 at the triple-phase junction is proposed as being a single two-electron process with concomitant uptake of alkali-metal cations in order to maintain electroneutrality within the oil phase. Surprisingly, the relative ease of cation insertion into the oil phase is demonstrated to be governed by the degree of ion-pair formation rather than by the Gibbs transfer energy of the cation across the liquid\liquid interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Wain
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
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Evans RG, Klymenko OV, Hardacre C, Seddon KR, Compton RG. Oxidation of N,N,N′,N′-tetraalkyl-para-phenylenediamines in a series of room temperature ionic liquids incorporating the bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide anion. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(03)00343-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Wadhawan JD, Wain AJ, Kirkham AN, Walton DJ, Wood B, France RR, Bull SD, Compton RG. Electrocatalytic Reactions Mediated by N,N,N‘,N‘-Tetraalkyl-1,4-phenylenediamine Redox Liquid Microdroplet-Modified Electrodes: Chemical and Photochemical Reactions In, and At the Surface of, Femtoliter Droplets. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:11418-29. [PMID: 16220965 DOI: 10.1021/ja030315p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The electro-oxidation of electrolytically unsupported ensembles of N,N-diethyl-N',N'-dialkyl-para-phenylenediamine (DEDRPD, R = n-butyl, n-hexyl, and n-heptyl) redox liquid femtoliter volume droplets immobilized on a basal plane pyrolytic graphite electrode is reported in the presence of aqueous electrolytes. Electron transfer at these redox liquid modified electrodes is initiated at the microdroplet-electrode-electrolyte three-phase boundary. Dependent on both the lipophilicity of the redox oil and that of the aqueous electrolyte, ion uptake into or expulsion from the organic deposits is induced electrolytically. In the case of hydrophobic electrolytes, redox-active ionic liquids are synthesized, which are shown to catalyze the oxidation of l-ascorbic acid over the surface of the droplets. In contrast, the photoelectrochemical reduction of the anaesthetic reagent halothane proceeds within the droplet deposits and is mediated by the ionic liquid precursor (the DEDRPD oil).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay D Wadhawan
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
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37
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Davies TJ, Brookes BA, Fisher AC, Yunus K, Wilkins SJ, Greene PR, Wadhawan JD, Compton RG. A Computational and Experimental Study of the Cyclic Voltammetry Response of Partially Blocked Electrodes. Part II: Randomly Distributed and Overlapping Blocking Systems. J Phys Chem B 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp022616b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Trevor J. Davies
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom, Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom, and Department of Materials, Oxford University, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin A. Brookes
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom, Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom, and Department of Materials, Oxford University, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian C. Fisher
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom, Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom, and Department of Materials, Oxford University, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Kamran Yunus
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom, Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom, and Department of Materials, Oxford University, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Shelley J. Wilkins
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom, Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom, and Department of Materials, Oxford University, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Phillip R. Greene
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom, Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom, and Department of Materials, Oxford University, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Jay D. Wadhawan
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom, Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom, and Department of Materials, Oxford University, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Richard G. Compton
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom, Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom, and Department of Materials, Oxford University, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
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38
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Gulaboski R, Scholz F. Lipophilicity of Peptide Anions: An Experimental Data Set for Lipophilicity Calculations. J Phys Chem B 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp034387e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rubin Gulaboski
- Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Soldmannstrasse 23, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Fritz Scholz
- Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Soldmannstrasse 23, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
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