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Hartfield J, Bird E, Liang Z. Effects of Organic Surface Contamination on the Mass Accommodation Coefficient of Water: A Molecular Dynamics Study. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:585-595. [PMID: 38175820 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c06939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The mass accommodation coefficient (MAC), a parameter that quantifies the possibility of a phase change to occur at a liquid-vapor interface, can strongly affect the evaporation and condensation rates at a liquid surface. Due to the various challenges in experimental determination of the MAC, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have been widely used to study the MAC on liquid surfaces with no impurities or contaminations. However, experimental studies show that airborne hydrocarbons from various sources can adsorb on liquid surfaces and alter the liquid surface properties. In this work, therefore, we study the effects of organic surface contamination, which is immiscible with water, on the MAC of water by equilibrium and nonequilibrium MD simulations. The equilibrium MD simulation results show that the MAC decreases almost linearly with increasing surface coverage of the organic contaminants. With the MAC determined from EMD simulations, the nonequilibrium MD simulation results show that the Schrage equation, which has been proven to be accurate in predicting the evaporation/condensation rates on clean liquid surfaces, is also accurate in predicting the condensation rate at contaminated water surfaces. The key assumption about the molecular velocity distribution in the Schrage analysis is still valid for condensing vapor molecules near contaminated water surfaces. We also find that under nonequilibrium conditions the adsorption of the water vapor molecules on the organic surface results in an adsorption vapor flux near the contaminated water surface. When the water surface is almost fully covered by the model organic contaminants, the adsorption flux dominates over the water condensation flux and leads to a false prediction of the MAC from the Schrage equation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Hartfield
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
| | - Eric Bird
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
| | - Zhi Liang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
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2
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Pandey PK, Chandra A. Mechanism, Kinetics, and Potential of Mean Force of Evaporation of Water from Aqueous Sodium Chloride Solutions of Varying Concentrations. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:4602-4612. [PMID: 37163726 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c09004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism, kinetics, and potential of mean force of evaporation of water from aqueous NaCl solutions are investigated through both unbiased molecular dynamics simulations and also biased simulations using the umbrella sampling method. The results are obtained for aqueous solutions of three different NaCl concentrations ranging from 0.6 to 6.0 m and also for pure water. The rate of evaporation is found to decrease in the presence of ions. It is found that the process of evaporation of a surface water molecule from ionic solutions can be triggered through its collision with another water or chloride ion. Such collisions provide the additional kinetic energy that is required for evaporation. However, when the collision takes place with a Cl- ion, the evaporation of the escaping water also involves a collision with water in the vicinity of the ion at the same time along with the ion-water collision. These two collisions together provide the required kinetic energy for escape of the evaporating water molecule. Thus, the mechanism of evaporation process of ionic solutions can be more complex than that of pure water. The potential of mean force (PMF) of evaporation is found to be positive and it increases with increasing ion concentration. Also, no barrier in the PMF is found to be present for the condensation of water from vapor phase to the surfaces of the solutions. A detailed analysis of the unsuccessful evaporation attempts by surface water molecules is also made in the current study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Kumar Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India 208016
| | - Amalendu Chandra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India 208016
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3
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Paul S, Hasan MN. Molecular dynamics perspective of condensation over a hybrid wetting surface. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2021.2025235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Paul
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Nasim Hasan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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4
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Lbadaoui-Darvas M, Garberoglio G, Karadima KS, Cordeiro MNDS, Nenes A, Takahama S. Molecular simulations of interfacial systems: challenges, applications and future perspectives. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2021.1980215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mária Lbadaoui-Darvas
- ENAC/IIE; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Garberoglio
- European Centre for Theoretical Studies in Nuclear Physics and Related Areas (FBK-ECT*), Trento, Italy
- Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications (TIFPA-INFN), Trento, Italy
| | - Katerina S. Karadima
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas(FORTH-ICE/HT), Patras, Greece
| | | | - Athanasios Nenes
- ENAC/IIE; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas(FORTH-ICE/HT), Patras, Greece
| | - Satoshi Takahama
- ENAC/IIE; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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5
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Davoodabadi A, Ghasemi H. Evaporation in nano/molecular materials. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 290:102385. [PMID: 33662599 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Evaporation is a physical phenomenon with fundamental significance to both nature and technology ranging from plant transpiration to DNA engineering. Various analytical and empirical relationships have been proposed to characterize evaporation kinetics at macroscopic scales. However, theoretical models to describe the kinetics of evaporation from nano and sub-nanometer (molecular) confinements are absent. On the other hand, the fast advancements in technology concentrated on development of nano/molecular-scale devices demand appropriate models that can accurately predict physics of phase-change in these systems. A thorough understanding of the physics of evaporation in nano/molecular materials is, thus, of critical importance to develop the required models. This understanding is also crucial to explain the intriguing evaporation-related phenomena that only take place when the characteristic length of the system drops to several nanometers. Here, we comprehensively review the underlying physics of evaporation phenomenon and discuss the effects of nano/molecular confinement on evaporation. The role of liquid-wall interface-related phenomena including the effects of disjoining pressure and flow slippage on evaporation from nano/molecular confinements are discussed. Different driving forces that can induce evaporation in small confinements, such as heat transfer, pressure drop, cavitation and density fluctuations are elaborated. Hydrophobic confinement induced evaporation and its potential application for synthetic ion channels are discussed in detail. Evaporation of water as molecular clusters rather than isolated molecules is discussed. Despite the lack of experimental investigations on evaporation at nanoscale, there exist an extensive body of literature that have applied different simulation techniques to predict the phase change behavior of liquids in nanoconfinements. We infer that exploring the effect of electrostatic interactions and flow slippage to enhance evaporation from nanoconduits is an interesting topic for future endeavors. Further future studies could be devoted to developing nano/molecular channels with evaporation-based gating mechanism and utilization of 2D materials to tune energy barrier for evaporation leading to enhanced evaporation.
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6
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Tabe H, Kobayashi K, Fujii H, Watanabe M. Molecular dynamics study on characteristics of reflection and condensation molecules at vapor-liquid equilibrium state. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248660. [PMID: 33725026 PMCID: PMC7963090 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The kinetic boundary condition (KBC) represents the evaporation or condensation of molecules at the vapor–liquid interface for molecular gas dynamics (MGD). When constructing the KBC, it is necessary to classify molecular motions into evaporation, condensation, and reflection in molecular-scale simulation methods. Recently, a method that involves setting the vapor boundary and liquid boundary has been used for classifying molecules. The position of the vapor boundary is related to the position where the KBC is applied in MGD analyses, whereas that of the liquid boundary has not been uniquely determined. Therefore, in this study, we conducted molecular dynamics simulations to discuss the position of the liquid boundary for the construction of KBCs. We obtained some variables that characterize molecular motions such as the positions that the molecules reached and the time they stayed in the vicinity of the interface. Based on the characteristics of the molecules found from these variables, we investigated the valid position of the liquid boundary. We also conducted an investigation on the relationship between the condensation coefficient and the molecular incident velocity from the vapor phase to the liquid phase. The dependence of the condensation coefficient on the incident velocity of molecules was confirmed, and the value of the condensation coefficient becomes small in the low-incident-velocity range. Furthermore, we found that the condensation coefficient in the non-equilibrium state shows almost the same value as that in the equilibrium state, although the corresponding velocity distribution functions of the incident velocity significantly differ from each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Tabe
- Division of Mechanical and Space Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Kazumichi Kobayashi
- Division of Mechanical and Space Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Fujii
- Division of Mechanical and Space Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masao Watanabe
- Division of Mechanical and Space Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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Montazeri K, Hao S, Abdolhosseini Qomi MJ, Won Y. Molecular Dynamics Investigation of Liquid and Vapor Interactions Near an Evaporating Interface: A Theoretical Genetics Perspective. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202000017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kimia Montazeri
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringUniversity of California Irvine 5200 Engineering Hall Irvine Irvine CA 92697‐2700 USA
| | - Shuai Hao
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringUniversity of California Irvine 5200 Engineering Hall Irvine Irvine CA 92697‐2700 USA
| | - Mohammad Javad Abdolhosseini Qomi
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of California Irvine 5200 Engineering Hall Irvine Irvine CA 92697‐2700 USA
| | - Yoonjin Won
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringUniversity of California Irvine 5200 Engineering Hall Irvine Irvine CA 92697‐2700 USA
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Bird E, Gutierrez Plascencia J, Liang Z. Thermal transport across the interface between liquid n-dodecane and its own vapor: A molecular dynamics study. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:184701. [PMID: 32414243 DOI: 10.1063/1.5144279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There are two possible thermal transport mechanisms at liquid-gas interfaces, namely, evaporation/condensation (i.e., heat transfer by liquid-vapor phase change at liquid surfaces) and heat conduction (i.e., heat exchange by collisions between gas molecules and liquid surfaces). Using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we study thermal transport across the liquid-vapor interface of a model n-dodecane (C12H26) under various driving force conditions. In each MD simulation, we restrict the thermal energy to be transferred across the liquid-vapor interface by only one mechanism. In spite of the complex intramolecular interactions in n-dodecane molecules, our modeling results indicate that the Schrage relationships, which were shown to give accurate predictions of evaporation and condensation rates of monatomic fluids, are also valid in the prediction of evaporation and condensation rates of n-dodecane. In the case of heat conduction at the liquid-vapor interface of n-dodecane, the interfacial thermal conductance obtained from MD simulations is consistent with the prediction from the kinetic theory of gases. The fundamental understanding of thermal transport mechanisms at liquid-gas interfaces will allow us to formulate appropriate boundary conditions for continuum modeling of heating and evaporation of small fuel droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Bird
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, California State University, Fresno, California 93740, USA
| | | | - Zhi Liang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, California State University, Fresno, California 93740, USA
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9
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Lu Z, Kinefuchi I, Wilke KL, Vaartstra G, Wang EN. A unified relationship for evaporation kinetics at low Mach numbers. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2368. [PMID: 31147534 PMCID: PMC6542818 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10209-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We experimentally realized and elucidated kinetically limited evaporation where the molecular gas dynamics close to the liquid–vapour interface dominates the overall transport. This process fundamentally dictates the performance of various evaporative systems and has received significant theoretical interest. However, experimental studies have been limited due to the difficulty of isolating the interfacial thermal resistance. Here, we overcome this challenge using an ultrathin nanoporous membrane in a pure vapour ambient. We demonstrate a fundamental relationship between the evaporation flux and driving potential in a dimensionless form, which unifies kinetically limited evaporation under different working conditions. We model the nonequilibrium gas kinetics and show good agreement between experiments and theory. Our work provides a general figure of merit for evaporative heat transfer as well as design guidelines for achieving efficient evaporation in applications such as water purification, steam generation, and thermal management. Evaporation plays a key role in applications such as cooling and desalination. Here, the authors experimentally demonstrated a unifying relationship between dimensionless flux and driving potential for evaporation kinetics under different working conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengmao Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ikuya Kinefuchi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kyle L Wilke
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Geoffrey Vaartstra
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Evelyn N Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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10
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Nie J, Chandra A, Liang Z, Keblinski P. Mass accommodation at a high-velocity water liquid-vapor interface. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:154705. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5091724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J. Nie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, USA
| | - A. Chandra
- Department of Mechanical, Aeronautical and Nuclear Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, USA
| | - Z. Liang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, California State University, Fresno, California 93740, USA
| | - P. Keblinski
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, USA
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11
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Jafari P, Masoudi A, Irajizad P, Nazari M, Kashyap V, Eslami B, Ghasemi H. Evaporation Mass Flux: A Predictive Model and Experiments. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:11676-11684. [PMID: 30188721 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Evaporation is a fundamental and core phenomenon in a broad range of disciplines including power generation and refrigeration systems, desalination, electronic/photonic cooling, aviation systems, and even biosciences. Despite its importance, the current theories on evaporation suffer from fitting coefficients with reported values varying in a few orders of magnitude. Lack of a sound model impedes simulation and prediction of characteristics of many systems in these disciplines. Here, we studied evaporation at a planar liquid-vapor interface through a custom-designed, controlled, and automated experimental setup. This experimental setup provides the ability to accurately probe thermodynamic properties in vapor, liquid, and close to the liquid-vapor interface. Through analysis of these thermodynamic properties in a wide range of evaporation mass fluxes, we cast a predictive model of evaporation based on nonequilibrium thermodynamics with no fitting parameters. In this model, only the interfacial temperatures of liquid and vapor phases along with the vapor pressure are needed to predict evaporation mass flux. The model was validated by the reported study of an independent research group. The developed model provides a foundation for all liquid-vapor phase change studies including energy, water, and biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parham Jafari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , University of Houston , 4726 Calhoun Rd , Houston , Texas 77204-4006 , United States
| | - Ali Masoudi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , University of Houston , 4726 Calhoun Rd , Houston , Texas 77204-4006 , United States
| | - Peyman Irajizad
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , University of Houston , 4726 Calhoun Rd , Houston , Texas 77204-4006 , United States
| | - Masoumeh Nazari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , University of Houston , 4726 Calhoun Rd , Houston , Texas 77204-4006 , United States
| | - Varun Kashyap
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , University of Houston , 4726 Calhoun Rd , Houston , Texas 77204-4006 , United States
| | - Bahareh Eslami
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , University of Houston , 4726 Calhoun Rd , Houston , Texas 77204-4006 , United States
| | - Hadi Ghasemi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , University of Houston , 4726 Calhoun Rd , Houston , Texas 77204-4006 , United States
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12
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13
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Guo Y, Wan R. Evaporation of nanoscale water on a uniformly complete wetting surface at different temperatures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:12272-12277. [PMID: 29687804 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00037a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The evaporation of nanoscale water films on surfaces affects many processes in nature and industry. Using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we show the evaporation of a nanoscale water film on a uniformly complete wetting surface at different temperatures. With the increase in temperature, the growth of the water evaporation rate becomes slow. Analyses show that the hydrogen bond (H-bond) lifetimes and orientational autocorrelation times of the outermost water film decrease slowly with the increase in temperature. Compared to a thicker water film, the H-bond lifetimes and orientational autocorrelation times of a monolayer water film are much slower. This suggests that the lower evaporation rate of the monolayer water film on a uniformly complete wetting surface may be caused by the constriction of the water rotation due to the substrate. This finding may be helpful for controlling nanoscale water evaporation within a certain range of temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Guo
- Division of Interfacial Water and Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 800-204, Shanghai 201800, China.
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14
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Ergin G, Takahama S. Carbon Density Is an Indicator of Mass Accommodation Coefficient of Water on Organic-Coated Water Surface. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:2885-93. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b01748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gözde Ergin
- Atmospheric Particle and
Research Laboratory, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental
Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Satoshi Takahama
- Atmospheric Particle and
Research Laboratory, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental
Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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15
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Schlesinger D, Sellberg JA, Nilsson A, Pettersson LGM. Evaporative cooling of microscopic water droplets in vacuo: Molecular dynamics simulations and kinetic gas theory. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:124502. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4944387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Schlesinger
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas A. Sellberg
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Nilsson
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Lars G. M. Pettersson
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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Lu Z, Narayanan S, Wang EN. Modeling of Evaporation from Nanopores with Nonequilibrium and Nonlocal Effects. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:9817-24. [PMID: 26322737 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b01700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Evaporation from nanopores is of fundamental interest in nature and various industrial applications. We present a theoretical framework to elucidate evaporation and transport within nanopores by incorporating nonequilibrium effects due to the deviation from classical kinetic theory. Additionally, we include the nonlocal effects arising from phase change in nanoporous geometries and the self-regulation of the shape and position of the liquid-vapor interface in response to different operating conditions. We then study the effects of different working parameters to determine conditions suitable for maximizing evaporation from nanopores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengmao Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Shankar Narayanan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Evelyn N Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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17
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Nagayama G, Takematsu M, Mizuguchi H, Tsuruta T. Molecular dynamics study on condensation/evaporation coefficients of chain molecules at liquid–vapor interface. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:014706. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4923261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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Ishiyama T, Fujikawa S, Kurz T, Lauterborn W. Nonequilibrium kinetic boundary condition at the vapor-liquid interface of argon. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2013; 88:042406. [PMID: 24229188 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.88.042406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A boundary condition for the Boltzmann equation (kinetic boundary condition, KBC) at the vapor-liquid interface of argon is constructed with the help of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The KBC is examined at a constant liquid temperature of 85 K in a wide range of nonequilibrium states of vapor. The present investigation is an extension of a previous one by Ishiyama, Yano, and Fujikawa [Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 084504 (2005)] and provides a more complete form of the KBC. The present KBC includes a thermal accommodation coefficient in addition to evaporation and condensation coefficients, and these coefficients are determined in MD simulations uniquely. The thermal accommodation coefficient shows an anisotropic behavior at the interface for molecular velocities normal versus tangential to the interface. It is also found that the evaporation and condensation coefficients are almost constant in a fairly wide range of nonequilibrium states. The thermal accommodation coefficient of the normal velocity component is almost unity, while that of the tangential component shows a decreasing function of the density of vapor incident on the interface, indicating that the tangential velocity distribution of molecules leaving the interface into the vapor phase may deviate from the tangential parts of the Maxwell velocity distribution at the liquid temperature. A mechanism for the deviation of the KBC from the isotropic Maxwell KBC at the liquid temperature is discussed in terms of anisotropic energy relaxation at the interface. The liquid-temperature dependence of the present KBC is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Ishiyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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Musolino N, Trout BL. Insight into the molecular mechanism of water evaporation via the finite temperature string method. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:134707. [PMID: 23574252 DOI: 10.1063/1.4798458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of water's evaporation at its liquid/air interface has proven challenging to study experimentally and, because it constitutes a rare event on molecular time scales, presents a challenge for computer simulations as well. In this work, we simulated water's evaporation using the classical extended simple point charge model water model, and identified a minimum free energy path for this process in terms of 10 descriptive order parameters. The measured free energy change was 7.4 kcal/mol at 298 K, in reasonable agreement with the experimental value of 6.3 kcal/mol, and the mean first-passage time was 1375 ns for a single molecule, corresponding to an evaporation coefficient of 0.25. In the observed minimum free energy process, the water molecule diffuses to the surface, and tends to rotate so that its dipole and one O-H bond are oriented outward as it crosses the Gibbs dividing surface. As the water molecule moves further outward through the interfacial region, its local density is higher than the time-averaged density, indicating a local solvation shell that protrudes from the interface. The water molecule loses donor and acceptor hydrogen bonds, and then, with its dipole nearly normal to the interface, stops donating its remaining hydrogen bond. At that point, when the final, accepted hydrogen bond is broken, the water molecule is free. We also analyzed which order parameters are most important in the process and in reactive trajectories, and found that the relative orientation of water molecules near the evaporating molecule, and the number of accepted hydrogen bonds, were important variables in reactive trajectories and in kinetic descriptions of the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Musolino
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Rm. E19-502, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02144, USA
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Varilly P, Chandler D. Water Evaporation: A Transition Path Sampling Study. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:1419-28. [DOI: 10.1021/jp310070y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Varilly
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United
States
| | - David Chandler
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United
States
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Duffey KC, Shih O, Wong NL, Drisdell WS, Saykally RJ, Cohen RC. Evaporation kinetics of aqueous acetic acid droplets: effects of soluble organic aerosol components on the mechanism of water evaporation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:11634-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp51148k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Wang S, Tu Y, Wan R, Fang H. Evaporation of Tiny Water Aggregation on Solid Surfaces with Different Wetting Properties. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:13863-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp302142s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shen Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied
Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O.
Box 800-204, Shanghai, 201800, China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080,
China
| | - Yusong Tu
- Institute of Systems
Biology, Shanghai University, Shanghai,
200444, China
| | - Rongzheng Wan
- Shanghai Institute of Applied
Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O.
Box 800-204, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Haiping Fang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied
Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O.
Box 800-204, Shanghai, 201800, China
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24
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Maselli OJ, Gascooke JR, Lawrance WD, Buntine MA. The dynamics of evaporation from a liquid surface. Chem Phys Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2011.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Cheng S, Lechman JB, Plimpton SJ, Grest GS. Evaporation of Lennard-Jones fluids. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:224704. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3595260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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26
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Cao BY, Xie JF, Sazhin SS. Molecular dynamics study on evaporation and condensation of n-dodecane at liquid–vapor phase equilibria. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:164309. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3579457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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27
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Davidovits P, Kolb CE, Williams LR, Jayne JT, Worsnop DR. Update 1 of: Mass Accommodation and Chemical Reactions at Gas−Liquid Interfaces. Chem Rev 2011; 111:PR76-109. [DOI: 10.1021/cr100360b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Davidovits
- Chemistry Department, 2609 Beacon Street, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Charles E. Kolb
- Center for Aerosol and Cloud Chemistry, Aerodyne Research, Inc., 45 Manning Road, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
- This is a Chemical Reviews Perennial Review. The root paper of this title was published in Chem. Rev.2006, 106 (4), 1323−1354, DOI: 10.1021.cr040366k; Published (Web) March 16, 2006. Updates to the text appear in red type
| | - Leah R. Williams
- Center for Aerosol and Cloud Chemistry, Aerodyne Research, Inc., 45 Manning Road, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
- This is a Chemical Reviews Perennial Review. The root paper of this title was published in Chem. Rev.2006, 106 (4), 1323−1354, DOI: 10.1021.cr040366k; Published (Web) March 16, 2006. Updates to the text appear in red type
| | - John T. Jayne
- Center for Aerosol and Cloud Chemistry, Aerodyne Research, Inc., 45 Manning Road, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
- This is a Chemical Reviews Perennial Review. The root paper of this title was published in Chem. Rev.2006, 106 (4), 1323−1354, DOI: 10.1021.cr040366k; Published (Web) March 16, 2006. Updates to the text appear in red type
| | - Douglas R. Worsnop
- Center for Aerosol and Cloud Chemistry, Aerodyne Research, Inc., 45 Manning Road, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
- This is a Chemical Reviews Perennial Review. The root paper of this title was published in Chem. Rev.2006, 106 (4), 1323−1354, DOI: 10.1021.cr040366k; Published (Web) March 16, 2006. Updates to the text appear in red type
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28
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Takahama S, Russell LM. A molecular dynamics study of water mass accommodation on condensed phase water coated by fatty acid monolayers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd014842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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29
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Ma X, Chakraborty P, Henz BJ, Zachariah MR. Molecular dynamic simulation of dicarboxylic acid coated aqueous aerosol: structure and processing of water vapor. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:9374-84. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp01923b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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Gilde A, Siladke N, Lawrence CP. Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Water Transport through Butanol Films. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:8586-90. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9026699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Gilde
- Department of Chemistry, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, Michigan 49401
| | - N. Siladke
- Department of Chemistry, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, Michigan 49401
| | - C. P. Lawrence
- Department of Chemistry, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, Michigan 49401
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31
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Davidovits P, Kolb CE, Williams LR, Jayne JT, Worsnop DR. Mass accommodation and chemical reactions at gas-liquid interfaces. Chem Rev 2007; 106:1323-54. [PMID: 16608183 DOI: 10.1021/cr040366k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Davidovits
- Chemistry Department, 2609 Beacon Street, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA.
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32
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Smith JD, Cappa CD, Drisdell WS, Cohen RC, Saykally RJ. Raman Thermometry Measurements of Free Evaporation from Liquid Water Droplets. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:12892-8. [PMID: 17002384 DOI: 10.1021/ja063579v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Recent theoretical and experimental studies of evaporation have suggested that on average, molecules in the higher-energy tail of the Boltzmann distribution are more readily transferred into the vapor during evaporation. To test these conclusions, the evaporative cooling rates of a droplet train of liquid water injected into vacuum have been studied via Raman thermometry. The resulting cooling rates are fit to an evaporative cooling model based on Knudsen's maximum rate of evaporation, in which we explicitly account for surface cooling. We have determined that the value of the evaporation coefficient (gamma(e)) of liquid water is 0.62 +/- 0.09, confirming that a rate-limiting barrier impedes the evaporation rate. Such insight will facilitate the formulation of a microscopic mechanism for the evaporation of liquid water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared D Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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33
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Garrett BC, Schenter GK, Morita A. Molecular Simulations of the Transport of Molecules across the Liquid/Vapor Interface of Water. Chem Rev 2006; 106:1355-74. [PMID: 16608184 DOI: 10.1021/cr040370w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruce C Garrett
- Chemical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.
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34
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Cappa CD, Drisdell WS, Smith JD, Saykally RJ, Cohen RC. Isotope Fractionation of Water during Evaporation without Condensation. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:24391-400. [PMID: 16375440 DOI: 10.1021/jp0539066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The microscopic events engendering liquid water evaporation have received much attention over the last century, but remain incompletely understood. We present measurements of isotope fractionation occurring during free molecular evaporation from liquid microjets and show that the isotope ratios of evaporating molecules exhibit dramatic differences from equilibrium vapor values, strong variations with the solution deuterium mole fraction, and a clear temperature dependence. These results indicate the existence of an energetic barrier to evaporation and that the evaporation coefficient of water is less than unity. These new insights into water evaporation promise to advance our understanding of the processes that control the formation and lifetime of clouds in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Cappa
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, USA
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35
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Davidovits P, Worsnop DR, Williams LR, Kolb CE, Gershenzon M. Comment on “Mass Accommodation Coefficient of Water: Molecular Dynamics Simulation and Revised Analysis of Droplet Train/Flow Reactor Experiment”. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:14742-6; discussion 14747-9. [PMID: 16852859 DOI: 10.1021/jp0449915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P Davidovits
- Chemistry Department, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02167-3809, USA.
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36
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Vieceli J, Roeselová M, Tobias DJ. Accommodation coefficients for water vapor at the air/water interface. Chem Phys Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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