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Liu JA, Wang J, Cheraghi E, Chen S, Sun Y, Yeow JTW. Improvement of field emission performances by DMSO and PEDOT:PSS treated freestanding CNT clusters. Nanoscale 2022; 14:15364-15372. [PMID: 36218079 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr04205c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present two methods to improve the field emission (FE) performance of vertically aligned carbon nanotube emitters that are treated with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solution and poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) solution, respectively, and compared their performances. Both treatments force CNTs to be bundled into clusters, but the formed structures are very different. After treatment, both methods reduced the threshold electric field due to the reduction in screening effects, whereas the PEDOT:PSS treatment significantly reduced the threshold field to far lower than that of DMSO treatment. In addition, the FE efficiency and lifetime of treated CNT emitters are significantly improved. For both treated emitters, there is only slight degradation of the emission current after 80 hours of continuous FE at around 50 μA. In addition, the uniformity of both treated CNT emitters is improved which enables more CNTs to contribute to the overall current emission. This, in turn, lowers the current emitted by individual CNTs, and thereby increases the lifetime of the emitters. Therefore, this study demonstrates that these simple treatment methods of bundling CNTs into unique cluster-structures significantly improve the lifetime of FE and make them excellent candidates for large currents and long-term FE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Alexander Liu
- Department of System Design Engineering, Advanced Micro-/Nano-Devices Lab, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W., Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Department of System Design Engineering, Advanced Micro-/Nano-Devices Lab, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W., Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Elahe Cheraghi
- Department of System Design Engineering, Advanced Micro-/Nano-Devices Lab, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W., Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Siyuan Chen
- Department of System Design Engineering, Advanced Micro-/Nano-Devices Lab, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W., Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Yonghai Sun
- Department of System Design Engineering, Advanced Micro-/Nano-Devices Lab, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W., Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - John T W Yeow
- Department of System Design Engineering, Advanced Micro-/Nano-Devices Lab, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W., Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
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Gao Y, Okada S. Field induced electron emission from graphene nanostructures. Nano Ex 2022. [DOI: 10.1088/2632-959x/ac8822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Electric fields play a crucial role in modulating the electronic properties of nanoscale materials. Electron emission, induced by an electric field, is a representative phenomenon. Experimental and theoretical aspects of such electron emission from graphene are briefly reviewed. The emission occurs at the edge of graphene flakes, not at the surface, because the edge highly concentrates the electric field. Emission currents are sensitive to the edge shapes and edge functionalization. This review provides guiding principles for designing high-efficiency field-emission devices by using graphene nanostructures.
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Gerasimenko AY, Kuksin AV, Shaman YP, Kitsyuk EP, Fedorova YO, Murashko DT, Shamanaev AA, Eganova EM, Sysa AV, Savelyev MS, Telyshev DV, Pavlov AA, Glukhova OE. Hybrid Carbon Nanotubes-Graphene Nanostructures: Modeling, Formation, Characterization. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:nano12162812. [PMID: 36014677 PMCID: PMC9412346 DOI: 10.3390/nano12162812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A technology for the formation and bonding with a substrate of hybrid carbon nanostructures from single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) by laser radiation is proposed. Molecular dynamics modeling by the real-time time-dependent density functional tight-binding (TD-DFTB) method made it possible to reveal the mechanism of field emission centers formation in carbon nanostructures layers. Laser radiation stimulates the formation of graphene-nanotube covalent contacts and also induces a dipole moment of hybrid nanostructures, which ensures their orientation along the force lines of the radiation field. The main mechanical and emission characteristics of the formed hybrid nanostructures were determined. By Raman spectroscopy, the effect of laser radiation energy on the defectiveness of all types of layers formed from nanostructures was determined. Laser exposure increased the hardness of all samples more than twice. Maximum hardness was obtained for hybrid nanostructure with a buffer layer (bl) of rGO and the main layer of SWCNT-rGO(bl)-SWCNT and was 54.4 GPa. In addition, the adhesion of rGO to the substrate and electron transport between the substrate and rGO(bl)-SWCNT increased. The rGO(bl)-SWCNT cathode with an area of ~1 mm2 showed a field emission current density of 562 mA/cm2 and stability for 9 h at a current of 1 mA. The developed technology for the formation of hybrid nanostructures can be used both to create high-performance and stable field emission cathodes and in other applications where nanomaterials coating with good adhesion, strength, and electrical conductivity is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Yu. Gerasimenko
- Institute of Biomedical Systems, National Research University of Electronic Technology MIET, Shokin Square 1, 124498 Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Bionic Technologies and Engineering, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Street 2-4, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Artem V. Kuksin
- Institute of Biomedical Systems, National Research University of Electronic Technology MIET, Shokin Square 1, 124498 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yury P. Shaman
- Scientific-Manufacturing Complex “Technological Centre”, Shokin Square 1, bld. 7 off. 7237, 124498 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Nanotechnology of Microelectronics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 32A, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny P. Kitsyuk
- Scientific-Manufacturing Complex “Technological Centre”, Shokin Square 1, bld. 7 off. 7237, 124498 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia O. Fedorova
- Institute of Biomedical Systems, National Research University of Electronic Technology MIET, Shokin Square 1, 124498 Moscow, Russia
- Scientific-Manufacturing Complex “Technological Centre”, Shokin Square 1, bld. 7 off. 7237, 124498 Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis T. Murashko
- Institute of Biomedical Systems, National Research University of Electronic Technology MIET, Shokin Square 1, 124498 Moscow, Russia
| | - Artemiy A. Shamanaev
- Scientific-Manufacturing Complex “Technological Centre”, Shokin Square 1, bld. 7 off. 7237, 124498 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena M. Eganova
- Institute of Nanotechnology of Microelectronics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 32A, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Artem V. Sysa
- Scientific-Manufacturing Complex “Technological Centre”, Shokin Square 1, bld. 7 off. 7237, 124498 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail S. Savelyev
- Institute of Biomedical Systems, National Research University of Electronic Technology MIET, Shokin Square 1, 124498 Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Street 2-4, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry V. Telyshev
- Institute of Biomedical Systems, National Research University of Electronic Technology MIET, Shokin Square 1, 124498 Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Bionic Technologies and Engineering, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Street 2-4, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander A. Pavlov
- Institute of Nanotechnology of Microelectronics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 32A, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga E. Glukhova
- Institute for Bionic Technologies and Engineering, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Street 2-4, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Physics, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Street 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia
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Hong T, Guo C, Zhang Y, Zhan R, Zhao P, Li B, Deng S. Effects of Substrates on Nucleation, Growth and Electrical Property of Vertical Few-Layer Graphene. Nanomaterials 2022; 12:971. [PMID: 35335784 PMCID: PMC8950384 DOI: 10.3390/nano12060971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A key common problem for vertical few-layer graphene (VFLG) applications in electronic devices is the solution to grow on substrates. In this study, four kinds of substrates (silicon, stainless-steel, quartz and carbon-cloth) were examined to understand the mechanism of the nucleation and growth of VFLG by using the inductively-coupled plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (ICPCVD) method. The theoretical and experimental results show that the initial nucleation of VFLG was influenced by the properties of the substrates. Surface energy and catalysis of substrates had a significant effect on controlling nucleation density and nucleation rate of VFLG at the initial growth stage. The quality of the VFLG sheet rarely had a relationship with this kind of substrate and was prone to being influenced by growth conditions. The characterization of conductivity and field emissions for a single VFLG were examined in order to understand the influence of substrates on the electrical property. The results showed that there was little difference in the conductivity of the VFLG sheet grown on the four substrates, while the interfacial contact resistance of VFLG on the four substrates showed a tremendous difference due to the different properties of said substrates. Therefore, the field emission characterization of the VFLG sheet grown on stainless-steel substrate was the best, with the maximum emission current of 35 µA at a 160 V/μm electrostatic field. This finding highlights the controllable interface of between VFLG and substrates as an important issue for electrical application.
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Liu H, Zhang H, Zhu W, Bo M, Zhao T. Crystalline-to-Amorphous Phase Transformation in CuO Nanowires for Gaseous Ionization and Sensing Application. ACS Sens 2021; 6:4118-4125. [PMID: 34706191 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c01638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report a dramatic reduction of operation voltage of a CuO nanowire-based ionization gas sensor due to the crystalline-to-amorphous phase transformation. The structural change is attributed to the ion bombardment and heating effect during the initial discharge, which brings about the formation of abundant nanocrystallites and surface states favoring gaseous ionization. The gas-sensing properties of the CuO nanowire sensor are confirmed by differentiating various types or concentrations of volatile organic compounds diluted in nitrogen, with a low detection limit at the ppm level. Moreover, a sensing mechanism is proposed on the basis of charge redistribution by electron-gas collision related to the specific ionization energy. The insightful study of the electrode microstructure delivers an exploratory investigation to the effect of gas ionization toward the discharge system, which provides new approaches to develop advanced ionization gas sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, 149 Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Haoyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, 149 Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Wenhuan Zhu
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Maolin Bo
- Key Laboratory of Extraordinary Bond Engineering and Advanced Materials Technology (EBEAM) of Chongqing, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, 149 Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, China
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Giubileo F, Di Bartolomeo A, Iemmo L, Luongo G, Passacantando M, Koivusalo E, Hakkarainen TV, Guina M. Field Emission from Self-Catalyzed GaAs Nanowires. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2017; 7:nano7090275. [PMID: 28926948 PMCID: PMC5618386 DOI: 10.3390/nano7090275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We report observations of field emission from self-catalyzed GaAs nanowires grown on Si (111). The measurements were taken inside a scanning electron microscope chamber with a nano-controlled tungsten tip functioning as anode. Experimental data were analyzed in the framework of the Fowler-Nordheim theory. We demonstrate stable current up to 10-7 A emitted from the tip of single nanowire, with a field enhancement factor β of up to 112 at anode-cathode distance d = 350 nm. A linear dependence of β on the anode-cathode distance was found. We also show that the presence of a Ga catalyst droplet suppresses the emission of current from the nanowire tip. This allowed for the detection of field emission from the nanowire sidewalls, which occurred with a reduced field enhancement factor and stability. This study further extends GaAs technology to vacuum electronics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Giubileo
- CNR-SPIN Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II n.132, I-84084 Fisciano, Italy.
| | - Antonio Di Bartolomeo
- CNR-SPIN Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II n.132, I-84084 Fisciano, Italy.
- Physics Department 'E. R. Caianiello', University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, I-84084 Fisciano, Italy.
| | - Laura Iemmo
- Physics Department 'E. R. Caianiello', University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, I-84084 Fisciano, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Luongo
- CNR-SPIN Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II n.132, I-84084 Fisciano, Italy.
- Physics Department 'E. R. Caianiello', University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, I-84084 Fisciano, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Passacantando
- Department of Physical and Chemical Science, University of L'Aquila, via Vetoio, Coppito, I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Eero Koivusalo
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, Tampere University of Technology, Korkeakoulunkatu 3, FI-33720 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Teemu V Hakkarainen
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, Tampere University of Technology, Korkeakoulunkatu 3, FI-33720 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Mircea Guina
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, Tampere University of Technology, Korkeakoulunkatu 3, FI-33720 Tampere, Finland.
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Li Y, Sun Y, Jaffray DA, Yeow JTW. A novel field emission microscopy method to study field emission characteristics of freestanding carbon nanotube arrays. Nanotechnology 2017; 28:155704. [PMID: 28211793 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa613e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Field emission (FE) uniformity and the mechanism of emitter failure of freestanding carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays have not been well studied due to the difficulty of observing and quantifying FE performance of each emitter in CNT arrays. Herein a field emission microscopy (FEM) method based on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) thin film is proposed to study the FE uniformity and CNT emitter failure of freestanding CNT arrays. FE uniformity of freestanding CNT arrays and different levels of FE current contributions from each emitter in the arrays are recorded and visualized. FEM patterns on the PMMA thin film contain the details of the CNT emitter tip shape and whether multiple CNT emitters occur at an emission site. Observation of real-time FE performance and the CNT emitter failure process in freestanding CNT arrays are successfully achieved using a microscopic camera. High emission currents through CNT emitters causes Joule heating and light emission followed by an explosion of the CNTs. The proposed approach is capable of resolving the major challenge of building the relationship between FE performance and CNT morphologies, which can significantly facilitate the study of FE non-uniformity, the emitter failure mechanism and the development of stable and reliable FE devices in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhan Li
- Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
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Abstract
The direct observation and fundamental understanding of the carbon nanofiber disintegration process: a light emission followed by a Coulomb explosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhan Li
- Department of Systems Design Engineering
- University of Waterloo
- Waterloo
- Canada
| | - Yonghai Sun
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre
- Toronto
- Canada
| | | | - John T. W. Yeow
- Department of Systems Design Engineering
- University of Waterloo
- Waterloo
- Canada
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Koh AL, Gidcumb E, Zhou O, Sinclair R. The dissipation of field emitting carbon nanotubes in an oxygen environment as revealed by in situ transmission electron microscopy. Nanoscale 2016; 8:16405-16415. [PMID: 27714121 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr06231h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report the first direct experimental observations of carbon nanotubes (CNT) field emitting in an oxygen environment, using aberration-corrected environmental transmission electron microscopy in combination with an electrical biasing specimen holder under low-dose, field-free imaging conditions. Our studies show that while the CNTs remain stable during high vacuum field emission, they experience abrupt decreases in length, also termed "burn-back", when field-emitting in an oxygen environment at around 30 Pa pressure. Furthermore, we perform correlative field-free and aberration-corrected, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy imaging to understand how the structure of the CNTs - particularly the opening of the nanotube caps - is influenced by its gas environment during field emission. This work provides significant insight into the mechanism of carbon nanotube behavior under non-ideal field emission conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Leen Koh
- Stanford Nano Shared Facilities, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
| | - Emily Gidcumb
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Otto Zhou
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Robert Sinclair
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
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Deng JH, Cheng L, Wang FJ, Li GZ, Li DJ, Cheng GA. High current density and longtime stable field electron transfer from large-area densely arrayed graphene nanosheet-carbon nanotube hybrids. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2014; 6:21558-21566. [PMID: 25335851 DOI: 10.1021/am5065624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Achieving high current and longtime stable field emission from large area (larger than 1 mm(2)), densely arrayed emitters is of great importance in applications for vacuum electron sources. We report here the preparation of graphene nanosheet-carbon nanotube (GNS-CNT) hybrids by following a process of iron ion prebombardment on Si wafers, catalyst-free growth of GNSs on CNTs, and high-temperature annealing. Structural observations indicate that the iron ion prebombardment influences the growth of CNTs quite limitedly, and the self-assembled GNSs sparsely distributed on the tips of CNTs with their sharp edges unfolded outside. The field emission study indicates that the maximum emission current density (Jmax) is gradually promoted after these treatments, and the composition with GNSs is helpful for decreasing the operation fields of CNTs. An optimal Jmax up to 85.10 mA/cm(2) is achieved from a 4.65 mm(2) GNS-CNT sample, far larger than 7.41 mA/cm(2) for the as-grown CNTs. This great increase of Jmax is ascribed to the reinforced adhesion of GNS-CNT hybrids to substrates. We propose a rough calculation and find that this adhesion is promoted by 7.37 times after the three-step processing. We consider that both the ion prebombardment produced rough surface and the wrapping of CNT foot by catalyst residuals during thermal processing are responsible for this enhanced adhesion. Furthermore, the three-step prepared GNS-CNT hybrids present excellent field emission stability at high emission current densities (larger than 20 mA/cm(2)) after being perfectly aged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hua Deng
- College of Physics and Materials Science, Tianjin Normal University , Tianjin 300387, People's Republic of China
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Wang H, Zou C, Tian C, Zhou L, Wang Z, Fu D. A novel gas ionization sensor using Pd nanoparticle-capped ZnO. Nanoscale Res Lett 2011; 6:534. [PMID: 21961921 PMCID: PMC3212072 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-6-534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A novel gas ionization sensor using Pd nanoparticle-capped ZnO (Pd/ZnO) nanorods as the anode is proposed. The Pd/ZnO nanorod-based sensors, compared with the bare ZnO nanorod, show lower breakdown voltage for the detected gases with good sensitivity and selectivity. Moreover, the sensors exhibit stable performance after more than 200 tests for both inert and active gases. The simple, low-cost, Pd/ZnO nanorod-based field-ionization gas sensors presented in this study have potential applications in the field of gas sensor devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun Wang
- Department of Physics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Changwei Zou
- Department of Physics, Zhanjiang Normal University, Zhanjiang 524037, China
| | - Canxin Tian
- Department of Physics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Physics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zesong Wang
- Department of Physics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Dejun Fu
- Department of Physics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Key Laboratory of Beam Technology and Materials Modification of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Singh
- Amity School of Engineering and Technology; Amity University; Noida UP India
| | - Pratima R. Solanki
- Department of Science & Technology Centre on Biomolecular Electronics, Biomedical Instrumentation Section; National Physical Laboratory; Dr K. S. Krishnan Marg New Delhi 110012 India
| | - Tinku Basu
- Amity Institute of Nano Technology; Amity University; Noida 201 303 UP India
| | - B. D. Malhotra
- Department of Science & Technology Centre on Biomolecular Electronics, Biomedical Instrumentation Section; National Physical Laboratory; Dr K. S. Krishnan Marg New Delhi 110012 India
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15
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Chen Q, Peng LM. Fabrication and electric measurements of nanostructures inside transmission electron microscope. Ultramicroscopy 2011; 111:948-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2011.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2010] [Revised: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Varma SJ, Jayalekshmi S. On the prospects of polyaniline and polyaniline/MWNT composites for possible pressure sensing applications. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.31814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Zhang X, Zhang G, Bai X, Zhao X, Xiao J, Wu Y, Lu F, Guo D. Field emission microscopy study of zinc oxide nanowires on tungsten tip. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 27:705. [DOI: 10.1116/1.3079650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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18
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Dhand C, Arya SK, Datta M, Malhotra B. Polyaniline–carbon nanotube composite film for cholesterol biosensor. Anal Biochem 2008; 383:194-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2008.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2008] [Revised: 08/26/2008] [Accepted: 08/29/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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ASLAM Z, ABRAHAM M, BROWN A, RAND B, BRYDSON R. Electronic property investigations of single-walled carbon nanotube bundlesin situwithin a transmission electron microscope: an evaluation. J Microsc 2008; 231:144-55. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2818.2008.02025.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Liao L, Lu HB, Shuai M, Li JC, Liu YL, Liu C, Shen ZX, Yu T. A novel gas sensor based on field ionization from ZnO nanowires: moderate working voltage and high stability. Nanotechnology 2008; 19:175501. [PMID: 21825672 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/19/17/175501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report a kind of gas sensor using ZnO nanowires as the field ionization anode. The sharp tips of nanowires generate very high electric fields at relatively low voltages. The sensors show good sensitivity and selectivity. Moreover, the detection limitation of the field ionization based ZnO nanowire gas sensors is about 5%. More importantly, a sensor with ZnO nanowires as the anode exhibits an impressive performance with respect to stability and anti-oxidation behavior, which are significantly better than those of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as electrodes. Therefore, the simple, low-cost, sensors described here could be deployed for a variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Liao
- Department of Physics and Key Laboratory of Acoustic and Photonic Materials and Devices of Ministry of Educations, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China. Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637616, Singapore
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Krivenko AG, Komarova NS, Piven NP. Injection of electrons in hexamethylphosphoric triamide solutions at moderate cathodic potentials. Mendeleev Communications 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2007.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Bai X, Wang M, Zhang G, Yu J, Zhang Z, Guo D, Zhao X, Xue Z. Field emission of individual carbon nanotubes on tungsten tips. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 25:561. [DOI: 10.1116/1.2709902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Krivenko AG, Komarova NS, Stenina EV, Sviridova LN, Kurmaz VA, Kotkin AS, Muradyan VE. Electrochemical behavior of electrodes containing nanostructured carbon of various morphology in the cathodic region of potentials. RUSS J ELECTROCHEM+ 2006. [DOI: 10.1134/s1023193506100090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Kaiser M, Doytcheva M, Verheijen M, de Jonge N. In situ transmission electron microscopy observations of individually selected freestanding carbon nanotubes during field emission. Ultramicroscopy 2006; 106:902-8. [PMID: 16737778 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2006.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2005] [Revised: 03/20/2006] [Accepted: 04/04/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
For the successful application of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as electron sources in various applications it is important to understand the relation between the morphology of the CNT and its emission properties. A method was developed to study individual, freestanding and pre-selected CNTs with high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The technique provided important parameters of the CNT, such as the number of carbon walls and the nature of its apex. The resolution with which the freestanding apices were imaged depended linearly on the ratio of the length and the radius. CNTs were also imaged in situ in the TEM while emitting electrons. It was found that the structure of a CNT was highly stable below a certain threshold emission current of typically 2 microA, while various structural changes occurred above the threshold, leading to either damaging or repair of the structure at the apex of the CNT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monja Kaiser
- Philips Research Laboratories, High Tech Campus 11, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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Peng LM, Wang M, Wang J. On the phenomenological nature of the work function as determined from electron field–emission experiments on nanotubes and nanowires. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.2343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Wang MS, Peng LM, Wang JY, Jin CH, Chen Q. Quantitative Analysis of Electron Field-Emission Characteristics of Individual Carbon Nanotubes: The Importance of the Tip Structure. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:9397-402. [PMID: 16686482 DOI: 10.1021/jp054971i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Electron field-emission measurements on individual carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were performed inside the transmission electron microscope (TEM). The field-emission characteristics of CNTs with different tip structures were compared, and their field conversion factor and emission area were studied systematically. It was found that the field-emission characteristics of a CNT depend sensitively on its tip structure, and in particular an opened CNT was shown to be superior to a capped CNT. High-resolution TEM observations revealed that the tip of an opened CNT may, in general, be regarded as being composed of irregular shaped graphitic sheets, and these graphitic sheets have been found to improve dramatically the field-emission characteristics, but the sharp edge may result in larger error in the calculated emission area. The influence of uncertainty in the work function of the CNTs on the field conversion factor and emission area calculation was also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Wang
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Zhang H, Yang D, Ma X, Que D. Synthesis and Field Emission Characteristics of Bilayered ZnO Nanorod Array Prepared by Chemical Reaction. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:17055-9. [PMID: 16853174 DOI: 10.1021/jp051204a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The uniform, large-scale, and bilayered ZnO nanorod array on silicon substrate has been synthesized by a catalyst and template-free chemical reaction in a dilute solution. The effect of different precursor ZnO films on the morphology and size of the ZnO nanorod array has been investigated. Moreover, the morphology evolution of the ZnO nanorod array with the increase of reaction time indicates that the second growth is the reason for the decrease of the ZnO nanorod diameter and the formation of the bilayered ZnO nanorod array. Finally, the field emission from the ZnO nanorod array with different diameters is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
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