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Fehér B, Wacha A, Jezsó B, Bóta A, Pedersen JS, Varga I. The evolution of equilibrium poly(styrene sulfonate) and dodecyl trimethylammonium bromide supramolecular structure in dilute aqueous solution with increasing surfactant binding. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 651:992-1007. [PMID: 37586154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS In the last 20 years, it has been demonstrated that oppositely charged polyelectrolyte-surfactant (PE-S) mixtures are prone to forming kinetically arrested non-equilibrium aggregates, which are present in the prepared mixtures from rather low surfactant-to-polymer-repeat-unit ratios. Practically, this means that the PE-S mixtures used for the structural investigations of the formed PE-S complexes are typically a mixture of the primary PE-S complexes and large non-equilibrium aggregates of close to charge-neutral complexes. EXPERIMENTS In this work, we present a unique approach that allows the preparation of PE-S mixtures in the equilibrium one-phase region (surfactant binding β, is typically below 80%) without forming non-equilibrium aggregates. We used this method to prepare equilibrium, non-aggregated complexes of sodium poly(styrene sulfonate) (NaPSS, Mw = 17 kDa) and dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) (β = 10 - 70%) both in water and in an inert electrolyte (100 mM NaCl). The evolution of the complex structure was monitored by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) as a function of increasing surfactant binding (β), and the measured scattering data were fitted by suitable structural models on an absolute scale where concentrations, compositions, and scattering contrasts calculated from molecular properties are used as restraints. FINDINGS We could show that at low binding (β < 30%), the system is a mixture of bare polyelectrolyte coils and NaPSS-DTAB complexes containing a closed surfactant associates of low aggregation number wrapped by the polyelectrolyte chain. Once all polymer chains are occupied by a micelle-like surfactant aggregate, the aggregation number increases linearly with increasing surfactant chemical potential. Using the structural insight provided by the SAXS measurements, we could fit the experimental binding isotherm data with a physically coherent, simple thermodynamic model. Finally, we also compared the stoichiometric NaPSS-DTAB precipitate's structure with the equilibrium complexes' structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bence Fehér
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - András Wacha
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Bálint Jezsó
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Attila Bóta
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Jan Skov Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Imre Varga
- Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117 Budapest, Hungary.
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2
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Photophysical and structural modulation of poly(3-hexylthiophene) nanoparticles via surfactant-polymer interaction. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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3
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Bali K, Dúzs B, Sáfrán G, Pécz B, Mészáros R. Effect of Added Surfactant on Poly(Ethylenimine)-Assisted Gold Nanoparticle Formation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:14007-14016. [PMID: 31589455 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In a variety of applications, functionalization of gold nanoparticles is needed to ensure adequate surface charge and hydrophobicity for their biodistribution, interparticle interactions, or self-organization. In the present paper, we provide an economic way for the synthesis of hydrophobized poly(ethylenimine) (PEI) capped gold nanoparticles at room temperature using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The approach is based on the controlled competition between the nucleation of gold nanophases within the PEI molecules and the SDS binding onto their amine groups. This can be achieved via utilizing the strongly irreversible nature of the association between the oppositely charged polymer and that of the surfactant molecules. Specifically, by varying the order and timing of SDS addition during the process of gold nanoassembly formation, the size distribution, the morphology, and the local hydrophobic environment of the produced Au-PEI/SDS nanohybrids can be tuned even at one composition of the system. The results may be further exploited for the preparation of noble metal nanoassemblies with controlled hydrophobicity and charge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina Bali
- Laboratory of Interfaces and Nanosized Systems, Institute of Chemistry , ELTE Eötvös Loránd University , H-1117 Budapest , Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A , Hungary
| | - Brigitta Dúzs
- Laboratory of Interfaces and Nanosized Systems, Institute of Chemistry , ELTE Eötvös Loránd University , H-1117 Budapest , Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A , Hungary
| | - György Sáfrán
- Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Sciences, Centre for Energy Research, H.A.S. , H-1121 Budapest , Konkoly Thege M. út 29-33 , Hungary
| | - Béla Pécz
- Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Sciences, Centre for Energy Research, H.A.S. , H-1121 Budapest , Konkoly Thege M. út 29-33 , Hungary
| | - Róbert Mészáros
- Laboratory of Interfaces and Nanosized Systems, Institute of Chemistry , ELTE Eötvös Loránd University , H-1117 Budapest , Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A , Hungary
- Department of Chemistry , University J. Selyeho , 945 01 Komárno , Slovakia
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4
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Liu CY, Chen HL. Undulating the Lamellar Interface of Polymer–Surfactant Complex by Dendrimer. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ying Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering
and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of
Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Lung Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering
and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of
Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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5
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Jin L, Garamus VM, Liu F, Xiao J, Eckerlebe H, Willumeit-Römer R, Mu B, Zou A. Interaction of a biosurfactant, Surfactin with a cationic Gemini surfactant in aqueous solution. J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 481:201-9. [PMID: 27475707 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between biosurfactant Surfactin and cationic Gemini surfactant ethanediyl-1,3-bis(dodecyldimethylammonium bromide) (abbreviated as 12-3-12) was investigated using turbidity, surface tension, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and small angle neutron scattering (SANS). Analysis of critical micelle concentration (CMC) values in Surfactin/12-3-12 mixture indicates that there is synergism in formation of mixed Surfactin/12-3-12 micelles. Although Surfactin and 12-3-12 are oppositely charged in phosphate buffer solution (PBS, pH7.4), there are no precipitates observed at the concentrations below the CMC of Surfactin/12-3-12 system. However, at the concentration above CMC value, the Surfactin/12-3-12 mixture is severely turbid with high 12-3-12 content. DLS and SANS measurements follow the size and shape changes of mixed Surfactin/12-3-12 aggregates from small spherical micelles via elongated aggregates to large bulk complexes with increasing fraction of Gemini surfactant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Vasil M Garamus
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Centre for Materials and Coastal Research, Institute of Materials Research, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Fang Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwen Xiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Helmut Eckerlebe
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Centre for Materials and Coastal Research, Institute of Materials Research, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Regine Willumeit-Römer
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Centre for Materials and Coastal Research, Institute of Materials Research, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Bozhong Mu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Aihua Zou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Guzmán E, Llamas S, Maestro A, Fernández-Peña L, Akanno A, Miller R, Ortega F, Rubio RG. Polymer-surfactant systems in bulk and at fluid interfaces. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 233:38-64. [PMID: 26608684 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The interest of polymer-surfactant systems has undergone a spectacular development in the last thirty years due to their complex behavior and their importance in different industrial sectors. The importance can be mainly associated with the rich phase behavior of these mixtures that confers a wide range of physico-chemical properties to the complexes formed by polymers and surfactants, both in bulk and at the interfaces. This latter aspect is especially relevant because of the use of their mixture for the stabilization of dispersed systems such as foams and emulsions, with an increasing interest in several fields such as cosmetic, food science or fabrication of controlled drug delivery structures. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of different aspects related to the phase behavior of these mixtures and their intriguing behavior after adsorption at the liquid/air interface. A discussion of some physical properties of the bulk is also included. The discussion clearly points out that much more work is needed for obtaining the necessary insights for designing polymer-surfactant mixtures for specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Guzmán
- Departamento de Química Física I-Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sara Llamas
- Departamento de Química Física I-Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain; Istituto per l'Energetica e le Interfasi-U.O.S. Genova-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Via de Marini 6, 16149, Genova, Italy
| | - Armando Maestro
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Fernández-Peña
- Departamento de Química Física I-Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrew Akanno
- Departamento de Química Física I-Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Pluridisciplinar-Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avenida Juan XXIII 1, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Reinhard Miller
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kolloid und Grenzflächenforschung, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476-Golm, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Francisco Ortega
- Departamento de Química Física I-Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramón G Rubio
- Departamento de Química Física I-Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Pluridisciplinar-Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avenida Juan XXIII 1, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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7
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Yang T, Huh W, Kong H, Jho JY, Kim IW. Effects of polymer architecture and charge density on the pH-responsive Ca(II) release from brushite. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2014.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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8
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Song S, Qian Y, Wu Q, Fu P, Wang Z. Properties of Fluids Composed of Polyelectrolyte and Double-Chain Anionic Surfactant: Branched Polyethyleneimine and Sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) Sulfosuccinate. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2013.860034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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9
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Nguyen HH, Serrano CV, Lavedan P, Goudounèche D, Mingotaud AF, Lauth-de Viguerie N, Marty JD. Mesomorphic ionic hyperbranched polymers: effect of structural parameters on liquid-crystalline properties and on the formation of gold nanohybrids. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:3599-3610. [PMID: 24548993 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr05913h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Branched thermotropic liquid crystals were successfully obtained from ionic interactions between hyperbranched polyamidoamine and sodium dodecylsulfate. These complexes present columnar rectangular and lamellar thermotropic mesophases as demonstrated by polarized optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and small-angle X-ray scattering. The relationships between the structural characteristics of the polymers (size of the hyperbranched core, hyperbranched or dendritic nature of the core, and substitution ratio) and the mesomorphic properties were studied. In situ formation of gold nanoparticles was then performed. The templating effect of the liquid crystal mesophase resulted in the formation of isotropic nanoparticles, the size of which was dictated by the local organization of the mesophase and by the molar mass of the hyperbranched complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Hanh Nguyen
- IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France.
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10
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Xiao J, Liu F, Garamus VM, Almásy L, Handge UA, Willumeit R, Mu B, Zou A. Insights into the interactions among Surfactin, betaines, and PAM: surface tension, small-angle neutron scattering, and small-angle X-ray scattering study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:3363-3372. [PMID: 24593673 DOI: 10.1021/la4046034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The interactions among neutral polymer polyacrylamide (PAM) and the biosurfactant Surfactin and four betaines, N-dodecyl-N,N-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propanesulfonate (SDDAB), N-tetradecyl-N,N-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propanesulfonate (STDAB), N-hexadecyl-N,N-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propanesulfonate (SHDAB), and N-dodecyl-N,N-dimethyl-2-ammonio-acetate (C12BE), in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) have been studied by surface tension measurements, small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and rheological experiments. It has been confirmed that the length of alkyl chain is a key parameter of interaction between betaines and PAM. Differences in scattering contrast between X-ray and neutrons for surfactants and PAM molecules provide the opportunity to separately follow the changes of structure of PAM and surfactant aggregates. At concentrations of betaines higher than CMC (critical micelle concentration) and C2 (CMC of surfactant with the presence of polymer), spherical micelles are formed in betaines and betaines/PAM solutions. Transition from spherical to rod-like aggregates (micelles) has been observed in solutions of Surfactin and Surfactin/SDDAB (αSurfactin = 0.67 (molar fraction)) with addition of 0.8 wt % of PAM. The conformation change of PAM molecules only can be observed for Surfactin/SDDAB/PAM system. Viscosity values follow the structural changes suggested from scattering measurements i.e., gradually increases for mixtures PAM → Surfactin/PAM → Surfactin/SDDAB/PAM in PBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Xiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
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11
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Liu F, Xiao J, Garamus VM, Almásy L, Willumeit R, Mu B, Zou A. Interaction of the biosurfactant, Surfactin with betaines in aqueous solution. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:10648-57. [PMID: 23865739 DOI: 10.1021/la400683u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The interactions between the lipopeptide Surfactin and four betaines, N-dodecyl-N,N-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propanesulfonate (SDDAB), N-tetradecyl-N,N-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propanesulfonate (STDAB), N-hexadecyl-N,N-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propanesulfonate (SHDAB), and N-dodecyl-N,N-dimethyl-2-ammonio-acetate (C12BE) are studied by surface tension and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). SDDAB, STDAB, and SHDAB have the same headgroup but different hydrophobic chains. C12BE has different headgroup but the same hydrophobic chain with SDDAB. According to the interfacial parameters calculated from surface tension, the synergism between Surfactin and betaine is relevant with the molecule structure of betaine and the mole ratio of them. For betaines, the optimum alkyl chain length (STDAB) and long enough separation between positive charge and negative charge in headgroup are responsible for highest synergetic interaction with Surfactin. The aggregates of individual Surfactin and the mixtures of Surfactin and sulfopropyl betaines are predicted to be spherical based on the packing parameter (pp) and the average packing parameter (P(av)), which is in close qualitative agreement with SANS data analysis, while Surfactin/C12BE forms ellipsoidal micelles due to the smaller headgroup of C12BE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
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12
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Pojják K, Fegyver E, Mészáros R. Effect of linear nonionic polymer additives on the kinetic stability of dispersions of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)/sodium dodecylsulfate nanoparticles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:10077-10086. [PMID: 23869814 DOI: 10.1021/la4021542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this article, the impact of different neutral polymers on the kinetic stability of charge-stabilized poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC)/sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) colloidal dispersions is analyzed using dynamic light scattering, electrophoretic mobility, turbidity, and coagulation kinetics measurements. Poly(ethyleneoxide) (PEO), poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP), and dextran of comparable molecular masses as well as a higher-molecular-weight dextran sample were tested as nonionic additives. The light scattering and mobility data indicate that the PEO and PVP molecules may adsorb on the surface of the PDADMAC/SDS nanoparticles formed in the presence of excess surfactant. The primary effect of these additives is manifested in enhanced coagulation of the PDADMAC/SDS nanoparticles due to bridging at lower polymer concentrations and depletion flocculation at higher polymer concentrations. These findings are in sharp contrast to the earlier published effect of the same nonionic polymers on the poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI)/SDS colloidal dispersions, which can be sterically stabilized at appropriate PEO or PVP concentrations. However, the adsorption of the investigated dextran samples is negligible on the PDADMAC/SDS nanoparticles. Therefore, dextran molecules may cause only depletion flocculation in the PDADMAC/SDS system in the vicinity of the critical overlap concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Pojják
- Laboratory of Interfaces and Nanosized Systems, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/A, Hungary
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13
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Kjellin M. Scientific Results and Economic Effects from the Centre for Surfactants Based on Natural Products (SNAP). TENSIDE SURFACT DET 2013. [DOI: 10.3139/113.110183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
This review article will give a broad overview of the synthesized and characterised surfactants within the competence centre SNAP (Centre for Surfactants Based on Natural Products). The surfactants differ within their hydrophilic groups, hydrophobic groups as well as the linkage between these groups. The main focus was put on sugar-based surfactants and surfactants containing polyhydroxyl groups so this part will be the most extensive in the review. Interactions between surfactants and polymers have also been investigated and will be described in the final part of the review. SNAP resulted in the publication of 239 scientific articles and 22 PhD degrees.
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van der Kooij HM, Spruijt E, Voets IK, Fokkink R, Cohen Stuart MA, van der Gucht J. On the stability and morphology of complex coacervate core micelles: from spherical to wormlike micelles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:14180-14191. [PMID: 22978707 DOI: 10.1021/la303211b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We present a systematic study of the stability and morphology of complex coacervate core micelles (C3Ms) formed from poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and poly(N-methyl-2-vinylpyridinium)-b-poly(ethylene oxide) (PM2VP-b-PEO). We use polarized and depolarized dynamic and static light scattering, combined with small-angle X-ray scattering, to investigate how the polymer chain length and salt concentration affect the stability, size, and shape of these micelles. We show that C3Ms are formed in aqueous solution below a critical salt concentration, which increases considerably with increasing PAA and PM2VP length and levels off for long chains. This trend is in good agreement with a mean-field model of polyelectrolyte complexation based on the Voorn-Overbeek theory. In addition, we find that salt induces morphological changes in C3Ms when the PAA homopolymer is sufficiently short: from spherical micelles with a diameter of several tens of nanometers at low salt concentration to wormlike micelles with a contour length of several hundreds of nanometers just before the critical salt concentration. By contrast, C3Ms of long PAA homopolymers remain spherical upon addition of salt and shrink slightly. A critical review of existing literature on other C3Ms reveals that the transition from spherical to wormlike micelles is probably a general phenomenon, which can be rationalized in terms of a classical packing parameter for amphiphiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne M van der Kooij
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 6, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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15
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Structure investigation of poly((2-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)/sodium dodecylsulfate complexes in concentrated poly((2-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) solutions using small angle neutron scattering. POLYMER 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2012.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Bellettini IC, Nandi LG, Eising R, Domingos JB, Machado VG, Minatti E. Properties of aqueous solutions of hydrophobically modified polyethylene imines in the absence and presence of sodium dodecylsulfate. J Colloid Interface Sci 2011; 370:94-101. [PMID: 22257961 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Revised: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Four modified hyperbranched polyethylene imines (PEIs) were synthesized by means of the alkylation of PEI. SAXS, viscosity, surface tension, and pyrene fluorescence emission were then used as techniques to examine the conformation and aggregation of the modified PEIs in aqueous solution, in the absence and presence of sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS). Analysis of the SAXS data showed that the radius of gyration decreases with an increase in the alkyl chain length of the polymer, while the viscosity data indicated a decrease in the intrinsic viscosity under the same conditions. The nonmodified PEI was not surface active, while the hydrophobically modified samples showed pronounced surface activity and the presence of hydrophobic domains. On addition of SDS, the onset of the formation of polymer-surfactant complexes was determined, indicating a decrease in the critical aggregate concentration with an increase in the alkyl chain length of the polymer backbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael C Bellettini
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil
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Angelescu DG, Nylander T, Piculell L, Linse P, Lindman B, Tropsch J, Detering J. Adsorption of branched-linear polyethyleneimine-ethylene oxide conjugate on hydrophilic silica investigated by ellipsometry and Monte Carlo simulations. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:9961-9971. [PMID: 21755979 DOI: 10.1021/la2017209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption of and conformation adopted by a branched-linear polymer conjugate to the hydrophilic silica-aqueous solution interface have been studied by in situ null ellipsometry and Monte Carlo simulations. The conjugate is a highly branched polyethyleneimine structure with ethyleneoxide chains grafted to its primary and secondary amino groups. In situ null ellipsometry demonstrated that the polymer conjugate adsorbs to the silica surface from water and aqueous solution of 1 mM asymmetric divalent salt (calcium and magnesium chloride to emulate hard water) over a large pH range. The adsorbed amount is hardly affected by pH and large charge reversal on the negatively charged silica surface occurred at pH = 4.0, due to the adsorption of the cationic polyelectrolyte. The Monte Carlo simulations using an appropriate coarse-grained model of the polymer in solution predicted a core-shell structure with no sharp boundary between the ethyleneimine and ethyleneoxide moieties. The structure at the interface is similar to that in solution when the polymer degree of protonation is low or moderate while at high degree of protonation the strong electrostatic attraction between the ethyleneimine core and oppositely charged silica surface distorts the ethyleneoxide shell so that an "anemone"-like configuration is adopted. The adsorption of alkyl benzene sulfonic acid (LAS) to a preadsorbed polymer layer was also investigated by null ellipsometry. The adsorption data brought additional support for the existence of a strong polymer adsorption and showed the presence of a binding which was further enhanced by the decreased solvency of the surfactant in the salt solution and confirmed the surface charge reversal by the polymer adsorption at pH = 4.0.
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Association between branched poly(ethyleneimine) and sodium dodecyl sulfate in the presence of neutral polymers. J Colloid Interface Sci 2011; 355:410-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2010.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2010] [Revised: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 12/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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19
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Knaapila M, Evans RC, Garamus VM, Almásy L, Székely NK, Gutacker A, Scherf U, Burrows HD. Structure and "surfactochromic" properties of conjugated polyelectrolyte (CPE): surfactant complexes between a cationic polythiophene and SDS in water. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:15634-15643. [PMID: 20822163 DOI: 10.1021/la102591b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We report on the phase transitions, solution structure, and consequent effect on the photophysical properties of poly[3-(6-trimethylammoniumhexyl)thiophene] bromide (P3TMAHT) in aqueous sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS). Polythiophene was mixed with SDS or deuterated SDS to form P3TMAHT(SDS)(x) complex (x = the molar ratio of surfactant over monomer units) in D(2)O and studied by small-angle neutron and X-ray scattering (SANS/SAXS) and optical spectroscopy. At room temperature, P3TMAHT forms charged aggregates with interparticle order. The addition of SDS eliminates the interparticle order and leads to rod-like (x = 1/5) or sheet-like polymer-SDS aggregates (x = 1/2 to 1) containing rod-like (x = 1/5 to 1/2) or sheet-like (x = 1/2 to 1) polymer associations. Partial precipitation occurs at the charge compensation point (x = 1). Ellipsoidal particles without interparticle order, reminiscent of SDS micelles modified by separated polymer chains, occur for x = 2 to 5. Free SDS micelles dominate for x = 20. Structural transitions lead to a concomitant variation in the solution color from red (P3TMAHT) to violet (x = 1/5 to 1) to yellow (x > 2). The photoluminescence fingerprint changes progressively from a broad featureless band (x = 0) through the band narrowing and appearance of vibronic structure (x = 1/5 to 1) to the return to a blue-shifted broad emission band (x = 5). The polymer stiffness reaches a maximum for x = 1, which leads to minimization of the Stokes shift (0.08 eV). This work gives fundamental information upon how surfactant complexation can influence both the solution structure and photophysical properties of a water-soluble polythiophene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matti Knaapila
- Physics Department, Institute for Energy Technology, NO-2027 Kjeller, Norway.
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20
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Filippov SK, Starovoytova L, Konák C, Hrubý M, Macková H, Karlsson G, Stepánek P. pH sensitive polymer nanoparticles: effect of hydrophobicity on self-assembly. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:14450-14457. [PMID: 20795676 DOI: 10.1021/la1018778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The influence of hydrophobicity on formation, stability, and size of pH-responsive methacryloylated oligopeptide-based polymer nanoparticles has been studied by dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (Cryo-TEM), and NMR. Different polyanions/surfactant systems have been studied at constant polymer concentration and within a broad range of surfactant concentrations. The two newly synthesized pH-sensitive hydrophobic polyanions, poly(N(ω)-methacryloyl glycyl-L-leucine) and poly(N(ω)-methacryloyl glycyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-leucinyl-glycine), and three nonionic surfactants (Brij97, Brij98, and Brij700) have been investigated. The surfactants were different in the length of hydrophilic poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) chain. In surfactant-free solution at basic pH, the polyanions form hydrophobic domains. In the presence of a surfactant, our results prove the complex formation at high pH between the nonionic surfactant and the polyelectrolyte; a pearl-necklace structure is formed. At low pH below critical pH (pH(tr)), reversible nanoscale structures occur in solutions for all systems. The detailed mechanism of the formation of pH-sensitive nanoparticles from polymer-surfactant complex with varying pH is established. Our results suggest that the polymer hydrophobicity is of primary importance in pretransitional behavior of the complex. Once preliminary nanoparticle nuclei are formed, the hydrophobicity of the polymer plays a minor role on further behavior of formed nanostructures. The subsequent transformation of nanoparticles is determined by the surfactant hydrophilicity, the length of hydrophilic tail that prevents further aggregation due to steric repulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey K Filippov
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovsky Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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Kadioglu SI, Yilmaz L, Aydogan N, Onder Ozbelge H. Removal of Heavy Metals from Multicomponent Metal Mixtures by Polymer Enhanced Ultrafiltration: Effects of pH, Ionic Strength and Conformational Changes in Polymer Structure. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/01496391003674274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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22
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Polyelectrolyte–surfactant complexes on solid surface. J Colloid Interface Sci 2010; 344:547-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2009.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2009] [Revised: 12/18/2009] [Accepted: 12/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Bain C, Claesson P, Langevin D, Meszaros R, Nylander T, Stubenrauch C, Titmuss S, von Klitzing R. Complexes of surfactants with oppositely charged polymers at surfaces and in bulk. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2010; 155:32-49. [PMID: 20167304 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2010.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2009] [Revised: 01/14/2010] [Accepted: 01/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Addition of surfactants to aqueous solutions of polyelectrolytes carrying an opposite charge causes the spontaneous formation of complexes in the bulk phase in certain concentration ranges. Under some conditions, compact monodisperse multichain complexes are obtained in the bulk. The size of these complexes depends on the mixing procedure and it can be varied in a controlled way from nanometers up to micrometers. The complexes exhibit microstructures analogous to those of the precipitates formed at higher concentrations. In other cases, however, the bulk complexes are large, soft and polydisperse. In most cases, the dispersions are only kinetically stable and exhibit pronounced non-equilibrium features. Association at air-water interfaces readily occurs, even at very small concentrations. When the surfactant concentration is small, the surface complexes are usually made of a surfactant monolayer to which the polymer binds and adsorbs in a flat-like configuration. However, under some conditions, thicker layers can be found, with bulk complexes sticking to the surface. The association at solid-water interfaces is more complex and depends on the specific interactions between surfactants, polymers and the surface. However, the behaviour can be understood if distinctions between hydrophilic surfaces and hydrophobic surfaces are made. Note that the behaviour at air-water interfaces is closer to that of hydrophobic than that of hydrophilic solid surfaces. The relation between bulk and surface complexation will be discussed in this review. The emphasis will be given to the results obtained by the teams of the EC-funded Marie Curie RTN "SOCON".
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Şakar-Deliormanlı A. Interaction of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate with Poly(ethyleneimine) in Bulk Solution and at the Air-Solution Interface. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/01932690903123692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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25
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Pojják K, Mészáros R. Novel self-assemblies of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes and surfactants in the presence of neutral polymer. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:13336-13339. [PMID: 19874012 DOI: 10.1021/la903761r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter, the effect of addition of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) on the nature of the self-assemblies of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and branched poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) is investigated. We demonstrate that the neutral polymer adsorbs onto the surface of the polyelectrolyte/surfactant nanoparticles, which may result in sterically stabilized colloidal dispersions of the nanoparticles with hydrophobic core and hydrophilic corona. The kinetic stability is maintained even at high ionic strengths, where the charge stabilization of the PEI/SDS dispersions is inefficient. These results might be exploited to improve the efficiency of those formulations, which contain oppositely charged macromolecules and amphiphiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Pojják
- Laboratory of Interfaces and Nanosized Systems, Institute of Chemistry, Eotvos Lorand University, 1117 Budapest, Pazmany Peter setany 1/A, Hungary
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26
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The thermodynamic stability of the mixtures of hyperbranched poly(ethyleneimine) and sodium dodecyl sulfate at low surfactant-to-polyelectrolyte ratios. J Colloid Interface Sci 2009; 338:444-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2009.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2009] [Revised: 06/22/2009] [Accepted: 06/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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27
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Mezei A, Abrahám A, Pojják K, Mészáros R. The impact of electrolyte on the aggregation of the complexes of hyperbranched poly(ethyleneimine) and sodium dodecyl sulfate. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:7304-7312. [PMID: 19563222 DOI: 10.1021/la9003388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The aggregation of the negatively charged complexes of hyperbranched poly(ethylenimine) (PEI) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) has been investigated at different sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations using coagulation kinetics, electrophoretic mobility and dynamic light scattering measurements. The observed variation of the initial rate of coagulation with NaCl concentration indicates the formation of kinetically stable colloid dispersions in the investigated composition and pH range. These dispersions are electrostatically stabilized due to the adsorption of excess dodecyl sulfate ions on the surface of the polyelectrolyte/surfactant particles. Because of the enhanced adsorption of the anionic surfactant, the kinetic stability of the PEI/SDS dispersions increases with increasing SDS concentration and decreasing pH. Finally, we rationalize the effect of salt on the phase behavior and surface properties of polyelectrolyte/surfactant mixtures in terms of the salt-induced aggregation features of polyelectrolyte/surfactant particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amália Mezei
- Laboratory of Interfaces and Nanosized Systems, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
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28
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Mantzaridis C, Mountrichas G, Pispas S. Complexes between High Charge Density Cationic Polyelectrolytes and Anionic Single- and Double-Tail Surfactants. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:7064-70. [DOI: 10.1021/jp8095874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Mantzaridis
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - G. Mountrichas
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - S. Pispas
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
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29
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Tonigold K, Varga I, Nylander T, Campbell RA. Effects of aggregates on mixed adsorption layers of poly(ethylene imine) and sodium dodecyl sulfate at the air/liquid interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:4036-4046. [PMID: 19714890 DOI: 10.1021/la8028325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We have exploited the spatial and kinetic resolution of ellipsometry to monitor the lateral movement of inhomogeneous patches of material in mixed adsorption layers of poly(ethylene imine) and sodium dodecyl sulfate at the air/liquid interface. We show that the choice of sample preparation methods can have a profound effect on the state of the interface for chemically equivalent samples. The extent of aggregation in the bulk solution on relevant time scales is affected by specific details of the polymer/surfactant mixing process, which produces varying numbers of aggregates that can become trapped in the interfacial layer, resulting in an enhanced and fluctuating ellipsometry signal. It can be beneficial to apply the surface-cleaning method of aspiration prior to physical measurements to remove trapped aggregates through the creation of a fresh interface. At low pH, the ellipsometry signal of samples prepared with surface cleaning is remarkably constant over a factor of >500 in the bulk composition below charge equivalence, which is discussed in terms of possible adsorption mechanisms. At high pH, through observing temporal fluctuations in the ellipsometry signal of samples prepared with surface cleaning, we reveal two important processes: there is the spontaneous adsorption of aggregates > 0.2 microm in diameter into the interfacial layer, and with time there is the fusion of smaller aggregates to generate new large surface aggregates. We attribute the favorability of the adsorption and fusion processes at high pH to reduced electrostatic barriers resulting from the low surface charge density of the aggregates. It is inappropriate in this case to consider the interface to comprise a homogeneous adsorption layer that is in dynamic equilibrium with the bulk solution. Our work shows that it can be helpful to consider whether there are macroscopic particles embedded in molecular layers at the air/liquid interface for systems where there is prior knowledge of aggregation in the bulk phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Tonigold
- Department of Physical Chemistry 1, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden
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30
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Yue H, Wu M, Xue C, Velayudham S, Liu H, Waldeck DH. Evolution in the Supramolecular Complexes between Poly(phenylene ethynylene)-Based Polyelectrolytes and Octadecyltrimethylammonium Bromide as Revealed by Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:8218-26. [DOI: 10.1021/jp710229a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun Yue
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, and Chemistry Department, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931
| | - Mingyan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, and Chemistry Department, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931
| | - Cuihua Xue
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, and Chemistry Department, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931
| | - Singaravelu Velayudham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, and Chemistry Department, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931
| | - Haiying Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, and Chemistry Department, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931
| | - David H. Waldeck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, and Chemistry Department, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931
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31
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Mezei A, Mészáros R. Novel nanocomplexes of hyperbranched poly(ethyleneimine), and dodecyl maltoside. SOFT MATTER 2008; 4:586-592. [PMID: 32907225 DOI: 10.1039/b715754a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aqueous complexes of poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and dodecyl maltoside (C12G2) have been studied under dilute conditions using dynamic light scattering, electrophoretic mobility, surface tension and pH measurements. According to the surface tension data the complexation between PEI and C12G2 can be neglected while a strong interaction was detected between PEI and SDS. The charged nature and size of the PEI-SDS-C12G2 complexes vary in a similar manner with SDS concentration as for the PEI-SDS systems. At large excess of SDS a kinetically stable colloid dispersion of the compact PEI-SDS-C12G2 particles forms. The electrophoretic mobility measurements indicate that the charge reversal of the PEI molecules occurs at lower SDS concentrations in the presence than in the absence of dodecyl maltoside. The enhanced charge inversion of PEI affords a significant extension of the concentration range with kinetically stable dispersion of the polyelectrolyte-surfactant nanoparticles compared with the PEI-SDS system. The pH of the PEI-SDS-C12G2 mixtures also reveals a peculiar dependence on the surfactant concentration. These latter findings are explained by the synergistic binding of the ionic and non-ionic surfactants to both the uncharged and charged amine groups of the PEI. It can be concluded that the addition of sugar surfactants is an efficient way to increase the kinetic stability and manipulate the pH of the mixtures of oppositely charged weak polyelectrolytes and surfactants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amália Mezei
- Laboratory of Interfaces and Nanosized Systems, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Róbert Mészáros
- Laboratory of Interfaces and Nanosized Systems, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
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32
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Griffiths PC, Paul A, Fallis IA, Wellappili C, Murphy DM, Jenkins R, Waters SJ, Nilmini R, Heenan RK, King SM. Derivatizing weak polyelectrolytes—Solution properties, self-aggregation, and association with anionic surfaces of hydrophobically modified poly(ethylene imine). J Colloid Interface Sci 2007; 314:460-9. [PMID: 17602700 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2007.05.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2007] [Revised: 05/20/2007] [Accepted: 05/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The physical properties of weak polyelectrolytes may be tailored via hydrophobic modification to exhibit useful properties under appropriate pH and ionic strength conditions as a consequence of the often inherently competing effects of electrostatics and hydrophobicity. Pulsed-gradient spin-echo NMR (PGSE-NMR), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) surface tension, fluorescence, and pH titration have been used to examine the solution conformation and aggregation behavior of a series of hydrophobically modified hyperbranched poly(ethylene imine) (PEI) polymers in aqueous solution, and their interaction with sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS). PGSE-NMR gave a particularly insightful picture of the apparent molecular weight distribution. The presence of the hydrophobes led to a lower effective charge on the polymer at any given pH, compared to the (parent) nonmodified samples. Analysis of the SANS data showed that the propensity to form highly elliptical or rod-like aggregates at higher pHs, reflecting both the changes in protonation behavior induced by the hydrophobic modification and an hydrophobic interaction, but that these structures were disrupted with decreasing pH (increasing charge). The parent samples were not surface active yet the hydrophobically modified samples show pronounced surface activity and the presence of small hydrophobic domains. The surface activity increased with an increase in the degree of modification. On addition of SDS, the onset of the formation of polymer/surfactant complexes was insensitive to the degree of modification with the resultant PEI/SDS complexes resembling the size and shape of simple SDS micelles. Indeed, the presence of the SDS effectively nullifies the effects of the hydrophobe. Hydrophobic modification is therefore a viable option to tailor pH dependent properties, whose effects may be removed by the presence of surfactant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C Griffiths
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK.
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Bastardo LA, Iruthayaraj J, Lundin M, Dedinaite A, Vareikis A, Makuska R, van der Wal A, Furó I, Garamus VM, Claesson PM. Soluble complexes in aqueous mixtures of low charge density comb polyelectrolyte and oppositely charged surfactant probed by scattering and NMR. J Colloid Interface Sci 2007; 312:21-33. [PMID: 17547922 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2006.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2006] [Revised: 08/04/2006] [Accepted: 09/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A low charge density polyelectrolyte with a high graft density of 45 units long poly(ethylene oxide) side-chains has been synthesized. In this comb polymer, denoted PEO(45)MEMA:METAC-2, 2 mol% of the repeating methacrylate units in the polymer backbone carry a permanent positive charge and the remaining 98 mol% a 45 unit long PEO side-chain. Here we describe the solution conformation of this polymer and its association with an anionic surfactant, sodium dodecylsulfate, SDS. It will be shown that the polymer can be viewed as a stiff rod with a cross-section radius of gyration of 29 A. The cross section of the rod contracts with increasing temperature due to decreased solvency of the PEO side-chains. The anionic surfactant associates to a significant degree with PEO(45)MEMA:METAC-2 to form soluble complexes at all stoichiometries. A cooperative association is observed as the free SDS concentration approaches 7 mM. At saturation the number of SDS molecules associated with the polymer amounts to 10 for each PEO side-chain. Two distinct populations of associated surfactants are observed, one is suggested to be molecularly distributed over the comb polymer and the other constitutes small micellar-like structures at the periphery of the aggregate. These conclusions are reached based on results from small-angle neutron scattering, static light scattering, NMR, and surface tension measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Bastardo
- Department of Chemistry, Surface Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Kharas GB, Heiskell JR, Herrman J, Kasudia PT, Schreiber PJ, Passe LB, Bravo‐Grimaldo E, Bazuin CG, Romanowski PT, Schueller RM. Solid‐state Polyelectrolyte Complexes of Branched Poly(ethylenimine) and Sodium Lauryl Sulfate. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10601320500437045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Julia Herrman
- a DePaul University, Chemistry Department , Chicago , IL , USA
| | | | | | - Laura B. Passe
- a DePaul University, Chemistry Department , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Elda Bravo‐Grimaldo
- b Centre de Recherche en Sciences et Ingénierie des Macromolécules (CERSIM), Département de Chimie , Université Laval , Québec , QC , Canada
| | - C. Geraldine Bazuin
- b Centre de Recherche en Sciences et Ingénierie des Macromolécules (CERSIM), Département de Chimie , Université Laval , Québec , QC , Canada
- d Département de chimie , Université de Montréal , Montréal , H3C 3J7 , QC , Canada
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Bastardo LA, Mészaros R, Varga I, Gilanyi T, Cleasson PM. Deuterium Isotope Effects on the Interaction between Hyperbranched Polyethylene Imine and an Anionic Surfactant. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:16196-202. [PMID: 16853058 DOI: 10.1021/jp052222v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Solvent isotope effects on the interaction between the hyperbranched cationic polyelectrolyte, polyethylene imine (PEI), and the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were investigated using potentiometric titration and eletrophoretic mobility measurements. In the basic pH range, a significantly higher fraction of the amine groups was found to be protonated when the PEI was dissolved in D2O compared to H2O at the same pH/pD. The difference in polymer charge in the two solvents decreases gradually with decreasing pH, and it completely diminishes at around pH = 4. Electrophoretic mobility measurements of PEI/SDS complexes at different pH values correlated very well with these observations. At pH/pD approximately 9 a much higher mobility of the PEI/SDS complexes was found in D2O than in H2O at low surfactant concentrations, and the charge neutralization point shifted to a considerably larger surfactant concentration in heavy water. These results can be explained by the significantly higher charge density of the PEI in D2O compared to H2O. However, at the natural pH/pD as well as at pH = 4 and pD = 4 conditions the PEI molecules have roughly equal charge densities, which result in very similar charged characteristics (mobilities) of the PEI/SDS complexes as well as the same charge neutralization SDS concentration. It can be concluded that extreme care must be taken in the general analysis of those experiments in which weak polyelectrolyte/surfactant aggregates are investigated in heavy water, and then these observations are correlated with structures of the same system in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Bastardo
- Department of Chemistry, Surface Chemistry, Drottning Kristinas väg 51, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden.
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