1
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Liu P, Chen Z, Li X, Chen W, Li Y, Sun T, Yang Y, Lei T. Enhanced degradation of VOCs from biomass gasification catalyzed by Ni/HZSM-5 series catalyst. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 345:118661. [PMID: 37515885 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) evolved from biomass gasification plays a positive role in the formation of PM2.5 and odor pollution. In order to improve the removal rate of various VOCs produced by biomass gasification, a nickel-based supported HZSM-5 cataly st (Ni/HZSM-5 and Ni-Ca-Co/HZSM-5) was prepared by different auxiliary methods, Ni loadings, and pyrolysis temperatures. The catalytic cracking performance of Ni/HZSM-5 catalysts for different VOCs model compounds such as toluene, phenol, furan, acetic acid and cyclohexane were studied in a fixed-bed reactor. The catalysts were further characterized and analyzed by XRD, SEM, XPS and BET. The results showed that the Ni/HZSM--C-Co5 catalyst prepared by ultrasonic-assisted excess impregnation method with Ni loading of 8 wt%, Ca loading of 4 wt%, Co loading of 0.1 wt% had strong catalytic activity for VOCs degradation. With the increase of the cracking temperature, the conversion rate and gas yield of from model compound cracking improved significantly. At 800 °C, the conversion of each model compound was more than 90%, accompanied by the generation of cracking gases such as H2 and CH4. The selectivity of H2 and CH4 from toluene cracking reached 93%, and cyclohexane reached 98%. The models with higher oxygen content and lower bond energy were more likely to undergo reforming reaction to form small molecular gas. Model compounds with large molecular weight and high carbon content provided more carbon sources. Under the conversion degree towards the gas direction was high. This study provides a new idea on the removal of VOCs for the efficient utilization of biomass resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomass Refining and High-Quality Utilization, Changzhou Key Laboratory of Biomass Green- Safe & High Value Utilization Technology, Institute of Urban and Rural Mining, Changzhou University, Jiangsu, 213164, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- School of Management and Economics, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Xueqin Li
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomass Refining and High-Quality Utilization, Changzhou Key Laboratory of Biomass Green- Safe & High Value Utilization Technology, Institute of Urban and Rural Mining, Changzhou University, Jiangsu, 213164, China.
| | - Wenxuan Chen
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomass Refining and High-Quality Utilization, Changzhou Key Laboratory of Biomass Green- Safe & High Value Utilization Technology, Institute of Urban and Rural Mining, Changzhou University, Jiangsu, 213164, China
| | - Yanling Li
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomass Refining and High-Quality Utilization, Changzhou Key Laboratory of Biomass Green- Safe & High Value Utilization Technology, Institute of Urban and Rural Mining, Changzhou University, Jiangsu, 213164, China
| | - Tanglei Sun
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomass Refining and High-Quality Utilization, Changzhou Key Laboratory of Biomass Green- Safe & High Value Utilization Technology, Institute of Urban and Rural Mining, Changzhou University, Jiangsu, 213164, China
| | - Yantao Yang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomass Refining and High-Quality Utilization, Changzhou Key Laboratory of Biomass Green- Safe & High Value Utilization Technology, Institute of Urban and Rural Mining, Changzhou University, Jiangsu, 213164, China
| | - Tingzhou Lei
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomass Refining and High-Quality Utilization, Changzhou Key Laboratory of Biomass Green- Safe & High Value Utilization Technology, Institute of Urban and Rural Mining, Changzhou University, Jiangsu, 213164, China
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2
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Liu Z, Feng Y, Peng Y, Cai J, Li C, Li Q, Zheng M, Chen Y. Emission Characteristics and Formation Mechanism of Carbonyl Compounds from Residential Solid Fuel Combustion Based on Real-World Measurements and Tube-Furnace Experiments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:15417-15426. [PMID: 36257779 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c05418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study updated carbonyl compound (CC) emission factors (EFs) and composition for residential solid fuel combustion based on real-world measurements of 124 fuel/stove combinations in China and explored the CC formation mechanism using tube-furnace experiments with 19 fuels and low/high temperatures to explain the impact of fuel and stove on CC emission characteristics. The average EFCC values for straw, wood, and coal were 1.94 ± 1.57, 1.50 ± 0.88, and 0.40 ± 0.54 g/kg, respectively. Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were the most abundant species, accounting for 40-60% of CCs, followed by acetone (∼20%), aromatic aldehydes (∼10%), and unsaturated aldehydes (∼5%). Different from formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, other species showed significant variation among fuel types. All these characteristics could be explained by the difference in the volatile content and chemical structure of fuel, such as aromatic in coal versus lignin in biomass. The improvement in stove technology reduced CC emissions by 30.4-69.7% (mainly formaldehyde and acetaldehyde) among fuels but increased the proportion of aromatic aldehydes by 24.3-89.4%. Various CC species showed different formation mechanisms related to fuel property and burning temperature. The volatile matter derived from thermal pyrolysis of fuel polymers determined CC composition, while higher temperature preferentially degraded formaldehyde and acetaldehyde but promoted the formation of acetone and aromatic aldehydes. This study not only revealed emission characteristic of CCs from RSFC but also contributed to the improvement of clean combustion technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Liu
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yanli Feng
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yu Peng
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Junjie Cai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Chunlei Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Qing Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Mei Zheng
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yingjun Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
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3
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Chisca S, Bettahalli NS, Musteata VE, Vasylevskyi S, Hedhili MN, Abou-Hamad E, Karunakaran M, Genduso G, Nunes SP. Thermal treatment of hydroxyl functionalized polytriazole and its effect on gas transport: From crosslinking to carbon molecular sieve. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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4
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Zhao Y, Huang P, Li L, Zhan Y, Wang K, Yang H, Jin J, Chen Y, Liu Y, Sheng L, Chen J, Cao M. Vacuum ultraviolet photoionization and dissociative photoionization of toluene: Experimental and theoretical insights. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2021; 27:166-180. [PMID: 34612719 DOI: 10.1177/14690667211042707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The photoionization and dissociative photoionization of toluene have been studied using synchrotron radiation vacuum ultraviolet light with photon energy in the range of 8.50-25.50 eV. The ionization energies (8.82 eV) and double ionization energies (23.80 eV) of toluene as well as the appearance energies for its major fragments C7H7+ (11.17/10.71 eV), C6H5+ (13.73 eV), C5H6+ (13.58/12.50 eV), C5H5+ (16.23 eV), C4H5+ (15.64 eV), C4H4+ (16.10 eV) and C4H3+ (17.11 eV) are determined, respectively by using photoionization efficiency spectrometry. With the help of experimental and theoretical results, seven dissociative photoionization channels have been proposed: C7H7+ + H, C6H5+ + CH3, C5H6+ + C2H2, C5H5+ + C2H2 + H, C4H5+ + C3H3, C4H4+ + C3H4 and C4H3+ + C3H4 + H. In addition, the geometries of the intermediates, transition states and products involved in these photoionization and dissociative photoionization processes have been performed at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d, p) level. The mechanisms of dissociative photoionization of toluene and the intermediates and transition states involved are discussed in detail. Generally speaking, the experimental results are in agreement with theoretical calculations in this work and published literature results. Especially the mechanisms of dissociative photoionization to C4H5+, C4H4+ and C4H3+ were discussed for the first time in this work. This investigation may provide useful information on understanding the photoionization and dissociative photoionization of toluene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zhao
- School of Nuclear Science and Engineering, 468741East China University of Technology, P.R. China
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, 12652University of Science and Technology of China, P.R. China
| | - Pei Huang
- School of Nuclear Science and Engineering, 468741East China University of Technology, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- School of Nuclear Science and Engineering, 468741East China University of Technology, P.R. China
| | - Yousheng Zhan
- School of Nuclear Science and Engineering, 468741East China University of Technology, P.R. China
| | - Ke Wang
- School of Nuclear Science and Engineering, 468741East China University of Technology, P.R. China
| | - Haohang Yang
- School of Nuclear Science and Engineering, 468741East China University of Technology, P.R. China
| | - Jianhui Jin
- School of Nuclear Science and Engineering, 468741East China University of Technology, P.R. China
| | - Yuqian Chen
- School of Nuclear Science and Engineering, 468741East China University of Technology, P.R. China
| | - Yibao Liu
- School of Nuclear Science and Engineering, 468741East China University of Technology, P.R. China
| | - Liusi Sheng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, 12652University of Science and Technology of China, P.R. China
| | - Jun Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, 12652University of Science and Technology of China, P.R. China
| | - Maoqi Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 56700Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, P.R. China
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5
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Theoretical study of the hydrogen abstraction reactions from substituted phenolic species. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2020.113120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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6
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Yang H, Jiang J, Zhang B, Xu P. Experimental study on light volatile products from thermal decomposition of lignin monomer model compounds: effect of temperature, residence time and methoxyl group. RSC Adv 2021; 11:37067-37082. [PMID: 35496408 PMCID: PMC9043566 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06743e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to investigate the effects of temperature, residence time (RT) and methoxyl (OCH3) on the product distribution and vapor phase reactions during pyrolysis of complex solid fuels, three model phenolic representatives, phenol, guaiacol and syringol, were pyrolyzed at a residence time of 0.7 s, over a temperature range of 400 °C–950 °C, and at temperatures of 650 °C and 750 °C, in a RT region of 0.1 s–4.2 s. Increasing yields of CO and C1–C5 light hydrocarbons (LHs) with RT at 650 °C and 750 °C indicated that ring-reduction/CO elimination of phenolic compounds happened at 650 °C, and dramatically at 750 °C. The addition of OCH3 affects the product distribution and ring-reduction pathways: C5 LHs from phenol, C2 LHs, C4 LHs and C5 LHs from guaiacol, and C1–C2 LHs from syringol. CO2 yields increase with the addition of OCH3. CO2 was formed via benzoyl and a four-membered ring, which would compete with the CO formation. The addition of OCH3 promotes the formation of coke and tar. The decomposition pathways are discussed, based on the experimental data, focusing on ring-reduction reactions and the formation of CO/CO2 and C1–C5 LHs. Effects of temperature, residence time and methoxyl on the decomposition of phenol, guaiacol and syringol, were investigated. Thermal decomposition pathways of the three model compounds were discussed based on ring reduction/CO elimination reactions.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Huamei Yang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221018, China
| | - Ju Jiang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221018, China
| | - Bingzhe Zhang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221018, China
| | - Panpan Xu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221018, China
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7
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Weber NH, Stockenhuber SP, Benhelal E, Grimison CC, Lucas JA, Mackie JC, Stockenhuber M, Kennedy EM. Products and mechanism of thermal decomposition of chlorpyrifos under inert and oxidative conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2020; 22:2084-2094. [PMID: 32909592 DOI: 10.1039/d0em00295j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is a widely used pesticide; however, limited experimental work has been completed on its thermal decomposition. CPF is known to decompose into 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCpyol) together with ethylene and HOPOS. Under oxidative conditions TCpyol can decompose into the dioxin-like 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-[1,4]-dioxinodipyridine (TCDDPy). With CPF on the cusp of being banned in several jurisdictions worldwide, the question might arise as to how to safely eliminate large stockpiles of this pesticide. Thermal methods such as incineration or thermal desorption of pesticide-contaminated soils are often employed. To assess the safety of thermal methods, information about the toxicants arising from thermal treatment is essential. The present flow reactor study reports the products detected under inert and oxidative conditions from the decomposition of CPF representative of thermal treatments and of wildfires in CPF-contaminated vegetation. Ethylene and TCpyol are the initial products formed at temperatures between 550 and 650 °C, although the detection of HOPOS as a reaction product has proven to be elusive. During pyrolysis of CPF in an inert gas, the dominant sulfur-containing product detected from CPF is carbon disulfide. Quantum chemical analysis reveals that ethylene and HOPOS undergo a facile reaction to form thiirane (c-C2H4S) which subsequently undergoes ring opening reactions to form precursors of CS2. At elevated temperatures (>650 °C), TCpyol undergoes both decarbonylation and dehydroxylation reactions together with decomposition of its primary product, TCpyol. A substantial number of toxicants is observed, including HCN and several nitriles, including cyanogen. No CS2 is observed under oxidative conditions - sulfur dioxide is the fate of S in oxidation of CPF, and quantum chemical studies show that SO2 formation is initiated by the reaction between HOPOS and O2. The range of toxicants produced in thermal decomposition of CPF is summarised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan H Weber
- Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Discipline of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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8
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Pratali Maffei L, Pelucchi M, Faravelli T, Cavallotti C. Theoretical study of sensitive reactions in phenol decomposition. REACT CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9re00418a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of phenol is of utmost importance in combustion systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luna Pratali Maffei
- CRECK Modeling Lab
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering
- Politecnico di Milano
- Italy
| | - Matteo Pelucchi
- CRECK Modeling Lab
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering
- Politecnico di Milano
- Italy
| | - Tiziano Faravelli
- CRECK Modeling Lab
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering
- Politecnico di Milano
- Italy
| | - Carlo Cavallotti
- CRECK Modeling Lab
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering
- Politecnico di Milano
- Italy
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9
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Furutani Y, Dohara Y, Kudo S, Hayashi JI, Norinaga K. Computational Study on the Thermal Decomposition of Phenol-Type Monolignols. INT J CHEM KINET 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.21164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Furutani
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences; Kyushu University; Kasuga Fukuoka 816-8580 Japan
| | - Yuki Dohara
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences; Kyushu University; Kasuga Fukuoka 816-8580 Japan
| | - Shinji Kudo
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering; Kyushu University; Kasuga Fukuoka 816-8580 Japan
| | - Jun-Ichiro Hayashi
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering; Kyushu University; Kasuga Fukuoka 816-8580 Japan
- Research and Education Centre of Carbon Resources; Kyushu University; Kasuga Fukuoka 816-8580 Japan
| | - Koyo Norinaga
- Department of Chemical Systems Engineering; Graduate School of Engineering; Nagoya University; Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
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10
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Krasnoukhov VS, Porfiriev DP, Zavershinskiy IP, Azyazov VN, Mebel AM. Kinetics of the CH3 + C5H5 Reaction: A Theoretical Study. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:9191-9200. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b09873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Denis P. Porfiriev
- Samara National Research University, Samara 443086, Russia
- Lebedev Physical Institute, Samara 443011, Russia
| | | | - Valeriy N. Azyazov
- Samara National Research University, Samara 443086, Russia
- Lebedev Physical Institute, Samara 443011, Russia
| | - Alexander M. Mebel
- Samara National Research University, Samara 443086, Russia
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
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11
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Furutani Y, Dohara Y, Kudo S, Hayashi JI, Norinaga K. Theoretical Study on the Kinetics of Thermal Decomposition of Guaiacol and Catechol. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:8495-8503. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b08112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Koyo Norinaga
- Department
of Chemical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
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12
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Zhang W, Wang C, Li G, Liu Y, Che D. TG analysis and kinetic study of organic constituents in wastewater from coal-gasification process. ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.2083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Chang'an Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Guangyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Yinhe Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Defu Che
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an 710049 China
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13
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Formation and emission of large furans and oxygenated hydrocarbons from flames. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:8374-9. [PMID: 27410045 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1604772113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many oxygenated hydrocarbon species formed during combustion, such as furans, are highly toxic and detrimental to human health and the environment. These species may also increase the hygroscopicity of soot and strongly influence the effects of soot on regional and global climate. However, large furans and associated oxygenated species have not previously been observed in flames, and their formation mechanism and interplay with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are poorly understood. We report on a synergistic computational and experimental effort that elucidates the formation of oxygen-embedded compounds, such as furans and other oxygenated hydrocarbons, during the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels. We used ab initio and probabilistic computational techniques to identify low-barrier reaction mechanisms for the formation of large furans and other oxygenated hydrocarbons. We used vacuum-UV photoionization aerosol mass spectrometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to confirm these predictions. We show that furans are produced in the high-temperature regions of hydrocarbon flames, where they remarkably survive and become the main functional group of oxygenates that incorporate into incipient soot. In controlled flame studies, we discovered ∼100 oxygenated species previously unaccounted for. We found that large alcohols and enols act as precursors to furans, leading to incorporation of oxygen into the carbon skeletons of PAHs. Our results depart dramatically from the crude chemistry of carbon- and oxygen-containing molecules previously considered in hydrocarbon formation and oxidation models and spearhead the emerging understanding of the oxidation chemistry that is critical, for example, to control emissions of toxic and carcinogenic combustion by-products, which also greatly affect global warming.
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14
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Yang HM, Appari S, Kudo S, Hayashi JI, Norinaga K. Detailed Chemical Kinetic Modeling of Vapor-Phase Reactions of Volatiles Derived from Fast Pyrolysis of Lignin. Ind Eng Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b01289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Mei Yang
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School
of Engineering Sciences, ‡Institute for Materials
Chemistry and Engineering, and §Research and Education Centre of Carbon Resources, Kyushu University, Kasuga 816-8580, Japan
| | - Srinivas Appari
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School
of Engineering Sciences, ‡Institute for Materials
Chemistry and Engineering, and §Research and Education Centre of Carbon Resources, Kyushu University, Kasuga 816-8580, Japan
| | - Shinji Kudo
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School
of Engineering Sciences, ‡Institute for Materials
Chemistry and Engineering, and §Research and Education Centre of Carbon Resources, Kyushu University, Kasuga 816-8580, Japan
| | - Jun-ichiro Hayashi
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School
of Engineering Sciences, ‡Institute for Materials
Chemistry and Engineering, and §Research and Education Centre of Carbon Resources, Kyushu University, Kasuga 816-8580, Japan
| | - Koyo Norinaga
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School
of Engineering Sciences, ‡Institute for Materials
Chemistry and Engineering, and §Research and Education Centre of Carbon Resources, Kyushu University, Kasuga 816-8580, Japan
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15
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Harris SJ, Karsili TNV, Murdock D, Oliver TAA, Wenge AM, Zaouris DK, Ashfold MNR, Harvey JN, Few JD, Gowrie S, Hancock G, Hadden DJ, Roberts GM, Stavros VG, Spighi G, Poisson L, Soep B. A Multipronged Comparative Study of the Ultraviolet Photochemistry of 2-, 3-, and 4-Chlorophenol in the Gas Phase. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:6045-56. [DOI: 10.1021/jp511879k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. J. Harris
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - T. N. V. Karsili
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - D. Murdock
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - T. A. A. Oliver
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - A. M. Wenge
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - D. K. Zaouris
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - M. N. R. Ashfold
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - J. N. Harvey
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - J. D. Few
- Department of Chemistry,
Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South
Parks Road, Oxford OX1
3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - S. Gowrie
- Department of Chemistry,
Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South
Parks Road, Oxford OX1
3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - G. Hancock
- Department of Chemistry,
Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South
Parks Road, Oxford OX1
3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - D. J. Hadden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - G. M. Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - V. G. Stavros
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - G. Spighi
- CNRS, IRAMIS, SPAM, Laboratoire Francis
Perrin, URA 2453, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - L. Poisson
- CNRS, IRAMIS, SPAM, Laboratoire Francis
Perrin, URA 2453, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - B. Soep
- CNRS, IRAMIS, SPAM, Laboratoire Francis
Perrin, URA 2453, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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16
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Somers KP, Simmie JM, Gillespie F, Conroy C, Black G, Metcalfe WK, Battin-Leclerc F, Dirrenberger P, Herbinet O, Glaude PA, Dagaut P, Togbé C, Yasunaga K, Fernandes RX, Lee C, Tripathi R, Curran HJ. A comprehensive experimental and detailed chemical kinetic modelling study of 2,5-dimethylfuran pyrolysis and oxidation. COMBUSTION AND FLAME 2013; 160:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2013.06.007. [PMID: 24273333 PMCID: PMC3837218 DOI: 10.1016/j.combustflame.2013.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The pyrolytic and oxidative behaviour of the biofuel 2,5-dimethylfuran (25DMF) has been studied in a range of experimental facilities in order to investigate the relatively unexplored combustion chemistry of the title species and to provide combustor relevant experimental data. The pyrolysis of 25DMF has been re-investigated in a shock tube using the single-pulse method for mixtures of 3% 25DMF in argon, at temperatures from 1200-1350 K, pressures from 2-2.5 atm and residence times of approximately 2 ms. Ignition delay times for mixtures of 0.75% 25DMF in argon have been measured at atmospheric pressure, temperatures of 1350-1800 K at equivalence ratios (ϕ) of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 along with auto-ignition measurements for stoichiometric fuel in air mixtures of 25DMF at 20 and 80 bar, from 820-1210 K. This is supplemented with an oxidative speciation study of 25DMF in a jet-stirred reactor (JSR) from 770-1220 K, at 10.0 atm, residence times of 0.7 s and at ϕ = 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0. Laminar burning velocities for 25DMF-air mixtures have been measured using the heat-flux method at unburnt gas temperatures of 298 and 358 K, at atmospheric pressure from ϕ = 0.6-1.6. These laminar burning velocity measurements highlight inconsistencies in the current literature data and provide a validation target for kinetic mechanisms. A detailed chemical kinetic mechanism containing 2768 reactions and 545 species has been simultaneously developed to describe the combustion of 25DMF under the experimental conditions described above. Numerical modelling results based on the mechanism can accurately reproduce the majority of experimental data. At high temperatures, a hydrogen atom transfer reaction is found to be the dominant unimolecular decomposition pathway of 25DMF. The reactions of hydrogen atom with the fuel are also found to be important in predicting pyrolysis and ignition delay time experiments. Numerous proposals are made on the mechanism and kinetics of the previously unexplored intermediate temperature combustion pathways of 25DMF. Hydroxyl radical addition to the furan ring is highlighted as an important fuel consuming reaction, leading to the formation of methyl vinyl ketone and acetyl radical. The chemically activated recombination of HȮ2 or CH3Ȯ2 with the 5-methyl-2-furanylmethyl radical, forming a 5-methyl-2-furylmethanoxy radical and ȮH or CH3Ȯ radical is also found to exhibit significant control over ignition delay times, as well as being important reactions in the prediction of species profiles in a JSR. Kinetics for the abstraction of a hydrogen atom from the alkyl side-chain of the fuel by molecular oxygen and HȮ2 radical are found to be sensitive in the estimation of ignition delay times for fuel-air mixtures from temperatures of 820-1200 K. At intermediate temperatures, the resonantly stabilised 5-methyl-2-furanylmethyl radical is found to predominantly undergo bimolecular reactions, and as a result sub-mechanisms for 5-methyl-2-formylfuran and 5-methyl-2-ethylfuran, and their derivatives, have also been developed with consumption pathways proposed. This study is the first to attempt to simulate the combustion of these species in any detail, although future refinements are likely necessary. The current study illustrates both quantitatively and qualitatively the complex chemical behavior of what is a high potential biofuel. Whilst the current work is the most comprehensive study on the oxidation of 25DMF in the literature to date, the mechanism cannot accurately reproduce laminar burning velocity measurements over a suitable range of unburnt gas temperatures, pressures and equivalence ratios, although discrepancies in the experimental literature data are highlighted. Resolving this issue should remain a focus of future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieran P. Somers
- Combustion Chemistry Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - John M. Simmie
- Combustion Chemistry Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Fiona Gillespie
- Combustion Chemistry Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Christine Conroy
- Combustion Chemistry Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Gráinne Black
- Combustion Chemistry Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Wayne K. Metcalfe
- Combustion Chemistry Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Frédérique Battin-Leclerc
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, BP 20451, 1 rue Grandville, 51001 Nancy, France
| | - Patricia Dirrenberger
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, BP 20451, 1 rue Grandville, 51001 Nancy, France
| | - Olivier Herbinet
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, BP 20451, 1 rue Grandville, 51001 Nancy, France
| | - Pierre-Alexandre Glaude
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, BP 20451, 1 rue Grandville, 51001 Nancy, France
| | - Philippe Dagaut
- CNRS-INSIS, ICARE, 1C, Avenue de la recherche scientifique, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Casimir Togbé
- CNRS-INSIS, ICARE, 1C, Avenue de la recherche scientifique, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Kenji Yasunaga
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Defense Academy, Hashirimizu 1-10-20, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan, 239-8686
| | - Ravi X. Fernandes
- Physico-Chemical Fundamentals of Combustion, RWTH Aachen University, Templergraben 55, D-52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Changyoul Lee
- Physico-Chemical Fundamentals of Combustion, RWTH Aachen University, Templergraben 55, D-52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rupali Tripathi
- Physico-Chemical Fundamentals of Combustion, RWTH Aachen University, Templergraben 55, D-52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Henry J. Curran
- Combustion Chemistry Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
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Sirjean B, Fournet R. Theoretical Study of the Thermal Decomposition of the 5-Methyl-2-furanylmethyl Radical. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:6675-84. [DOI: 10.1021/jp303680h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Sirjean
- Laboratoire Réactions
et Génie des Procédés,
CNRS, Université de Lorraine, ENSIC,
1 rue Grandville BP 20451, 54001 Nancy Cedex, France
| | - René Fournet
- Laboratoire Réactions
et Génie des Procédés,
CNRS, Université de Lorraine, ENSIC,
1 rue Grandville BP 20451, 54001 Nancy Cedex, France
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18
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Scheer AM, Mukarakate C, Robichaud DJ, Nimlos MR, Carstensen HH, Barney Ellison G. Unimolecular thermal decomposition of phenol and d5-phenol: Direct observation of cyclopentadiene formation via cyclohexadienone. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:044309. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3675902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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19
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Giuliano BM, Reva I, Lapinski L, Fausto R. Infrared spectra and ultraviolet-tunable laser induced photochemistry of matrix-isolated phenol and phenol-d5. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:024505. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3666018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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20
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You X, Zubarev DY, Lester WA, Frenklach M. Thermal Decomposition of Pentacene Oxyradicals. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:14184-90. [DOI: 10.1021/jp208974b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing You
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1740, United States
| | - Dmitry Yu. Zubarev
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
| | - William A. Lester
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
| | - Michael Frenklach
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1740, United States
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21
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Al-Muhtaseb AH, Altarawneh M, Almatarneh MH, Poirier RA, Assaf NW. Theoretical study on the unimolecular decomposition of thiophenol. J Comput Chem 2011; 32:2708-15. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.21852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Revised: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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22
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Zubarev DY, You X, McClean J, Lester, Jr. WA, Frenklach M. Patterns of local aromaticity in graphene oxyradicals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0jm04360e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Altarawneh M, Al-Muhtaseb AH, Dlugogorski BZ, Kennedy EM, Mackie JC. Theoretical Study on the Thermodynamic Properties and Self-Decomposition of Methylbenzenediol Isomers. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:11751-60. [DOI: 10.1021/jp1054765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammednoor Altarawneh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma’an-Jordan, Process Safety and Environment Protection Research Group, School of Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Ala’a H. Al-Muhtaseb
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma’an-Jordan, Process Safety and Environment Protection Research Group, School of Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Bogdan Z. Dlugogorski
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma’an-Jordan, Process Safety and Environment Protection Research Group, School of Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Eric M. Kennedy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma’an-Jordan, Process Safety and Environment Protection Research Group, School of Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - John C. Mackie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma’an-Jordan, Process Safety and Environment Protection Research Group, School of Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Australia
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24
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Mardyukov A, Crespo-Otero R, Sanchez-Garcia E, Sander W. Photochemistry and Reactivity of the Phenyl Radical-Water System: A Matrix Isolation and Computational Study. Chemistry 2010; 16:8679-89. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200903362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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25
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Taatjes CA, Osborn DL, Selby TM, Meloni G, Trevitt AJ, Epifanovsky E, Krylov AI, Sirjean B, Dames E, Wang H. Products of the Benzene + O(3P) Reaction. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:3355-70. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9114145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Craig A. Taatjes
- Combustion Research Facility, Mailstop 9055, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California, 94551-0969, Departments of Chemistry and Physics, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720, Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90089-0482, and Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90089-1453
| | - David L. Osborn
- Combustion Research Facility, Mailstop 9055, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California, 94551-0969, Departments of Chemistry and Physics, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720, Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90089-0482, and Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90089-1453
| | - Talitha M. Selby
- Combustion Research Facility, Mailstop 9055, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California, 94551-0969, Departments of Chemistry and Physics, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720, Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90089-0482, and Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90089-1453
| | - Giovanni Meloni
- Combustion Research Facility, Mailstop 9055, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California, 94551-0969, Departments of Chemistry and Physics, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720, Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90089-0482, and Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90089-1453
| | - Adam J. Trevitt
- Combustion Research Facility, Mailstop 9055, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California, 94551-0969, Departments of Chemistry and Physics, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720, Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90089-0482, and Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90089-1453
| | - Evgeny Epifanovsky
- Combustion Research Facility, Mailstop 9055, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California, 94551-0969, Departments of Chemistry and Physics, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720, Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90089-0482, and Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90089-1453
| | - Anna I. Krylov
- Combustion Research Facility, Mailstop 9055, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California, 94551-0969, Departments of Chemistry and Physics, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720, Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90089-0482, and Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90089-1453
| | - Baptiste Sirjean
- Combustion Research Facility, Mailstop 9055, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California, 94551-0969, Departments of Chemistry and Physics, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720, Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90089-0482, and Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90089-1453
| | - Enoch Dames
- Combustion Research Facility, Mailstop 9055, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California, 94551-0969, Departments of Chemistry and Physics, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720, Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90089-0482, and Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90089-1453
| | - Hai Wang
- Combustion Research Facility, Mailstop 9055, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California, 94551-0969, Departments of Chemistry and Physics, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720, Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90089-0482, and Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90089-1453
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26
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Altarawneh M, Dlugogorski BZ, Kennedy EM, Mackie JC. Theoretical Study of Unimolecular Decomposition of Catechol. J Phys Chem A 2009; 114:1060-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp909025s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammednoor Altarawneh
- Chemical Engineering Department, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma’an, Jordan, Process Safety and Environment Protection Research Group School of Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia, and School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Bogdan Z. Dlugogorski
- Chemical Engineering Department, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma’an, Jordan, Process Safety and Environment Protection Research Group School of Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia, and School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Eric M. Kennedy
- Chemical Engineering Department, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma’an, Jordan, Process Safety and Environment Protection Research Group School of Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia, and School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - John C. Mackie
- Chemical Engineering Department, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma’an, Jordan, Process Safety and Environment Protection Research Group School of Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia, and School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Australia
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27
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Xu ZF, Xu K, Lin MC. Ab Initio Kinetics for Decomposition/Isomerization Reactions of C2H5O Radicals. Chemphyschem 2009; 10:972-82. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200800719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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28
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Chen HF, Liang CW, Lin JJ, Lee YP, Ogilvie JF, Xu ZF, Lin MC. Dynamics of reactions O((1)D)+C(6)H(6) and C(6)D(6). J Chem Phys 2008; 129:174303. [PMID: 19045343 DOI: 10.1063/1.2994734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The reaction between O((1)D) and C(6)H(6) (or C(6)D(6)) was investigated with crossed-molecular-beam reactive scattering and time-resolved Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. From the crossed-molecular-beam experiments, four product channels were identified. The major channel is the formation of three fragments CO+C(5)H(5)+H; the channels for formation of C(5)H(6)+CO and C(6)H(5)O+H from O((1)D)+C(6)H(6) and OD+C(6)D(5) from O((1)D)+C(6)D(6) are minor. The angular distributions for the formation of CO and H indicate a mechanism involving a long-lived collision complex. Rotationally resolved infrared emission spectra of CO (1<or=upsilon<or=6) and OH (1<or=upsilon<or=3) were recorded with a step-scan Fourier-transform spectrometer. At the earliest applicable period (0-5 mus), CO shows a rotational distribution corresponding to a temperature of approximately 1480 K for upsilon=1 and 920-700 K for upsilon=2-6, indicating possible involvement of two reaction channels; the vibrational distribution of CO corresponds to a temperature of approximately 5800 K. OH shows a rotational distribution corresponding to a temperature of approximately 650 K for upsilon=1-3 and a vibrational temperature of approximately 4830 K. The branching ratio of [CO]/[OH]=2.1+/-0.4 for O((1)D)+C(6)H(6) and [CO]/[OD]>2.9 for O((1)D)+C(6)D(6) is consistent with the expectation for an abstraction reaction. The mechanism of the reaction may be understood from considering the energetics of the intermediate species and transition states calculated at the G2M(CC5) level of theory for the O((1)D)+C(6)H(6) reaction. The experimentally observed branching ratios and deuterium isotope effect are consistent with those predicted from calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Fen Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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29
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Altarawneh M, Dlugogorski BZ, Kennedy EM, Mackie JC. Quantum Chemical and Kinetic Study of Formation of 2-Chlorophenoxy Radical from 2-Chlorophenol: Unimolecular Decomposition and Bimolecular Reactions with H, OH, Cl, and O2. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:3680-92. [DOI: 10.1021/jp712168n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammednoor Altarawneh
- Process Safety and Environment Protection Research Group, School of Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Bogdan Z. Dlugogorski
- Process Safety and Environment Protection Research Group, School of Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Eric M. Kennedy
- Process Safety and Environment Protection Research Group, School of Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - John C. Mackie
- Process Safety and Environment Protection Research Group, School of Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
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30
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Tseng CM, Lee YT, Lin MF, Ni CK, Liu SY, Lee YP, Xu ZF, Lin MC. Photodissociation Dynamics of Phenol†. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:9463-70. [PMID: 17691716 DOI: 10.1021/jp073282z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The photodissociation of phenol at 193 and 248 nm was studied using multimass ion-imaging techniques and step-scan time-resolved Fourier-transform spectroscopy. The major dissociation channels at 193 nm include cleavage of the OH bond, elimination of CO, and elimination of H(2)O. Only the former two channels are observed at 248 nm. The translational energy distribution shows that H-atom elimination occurs in both the electronically excited and ground states, but elimination of CO or H(2)O occurs in the electronic ground state. Rotationally resolved emission spectra of CO (1 <or= v <or= 4) in the spectral region of 1860-2330 cm(-1) were detected upon photolysis at 193 nm. After a correction for rotational quenching, CO (v <or= 4) shows a nascent rotational temperature of approximately 4600 K. The observed vibrational distribution of (v = 1)/(v = 2)/(v = 3)/(v = 4) = 64.3/22.2/9.1/4.4 corresponds to a vibrational temperature of 3350 +/- 20 K. An average rotational energy of 6.9 +/- 0.7 kcal mol(-1) and vibrational energy of 3.8 +/- 0.7 kcal mol(-1) are observed for the CO product. The dissociation channels, translational energy distributions of the photofragment, and vibrational and rotational energies of product CO are consistent with potential energy surfaces from quantum chemical calculations and the branching ratios from an RRKM calculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ming Tseng
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, P. O. Box 23-166, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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31
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Nguyen TL, Peeters J, Vereecken L. Theoretical Reinvestigation of the O(3P) + C6H6 Reaction: Quantum Chemical and Statistical Rate Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:3836-49. [PMID: 17253662 DOI: 10.1021/jp0660886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The lowest-lying triplet and singlet potential energy surfaces for the O(3P) + C6H6 reaction were theoretically characterized using the "complete basis set" CBS-QB3 model chemistry. The primary product distributions for the multistate multiwell reactions on the individual surfaces were then determined by RRKM statistical rate theory and weak-collision master equation analysis using the exact stochastic simulation method. It is newly found that electrophilic O-addition onto a carbon atom in benzene can occur in parallel on two triplet surfaces, 3A' and 3A' '; the results predict O-addition to be dominant up to combustion temperatures. Major expected end-products of the addition routes include phenoxy radical + H*, phenol and/or benzene oxide/oxepin, in agreement with the experimental evidence. While c-C6H5O* + H* are nearly exclusively formed via a spin-conservation mechanism on the lowest-lying triplet surface, phenol and/or benzene oxide/oxepin are mainly generated from the lowest-lying singlet surface after inter-system crossing from the initial triplet surface. CO + c-C5H6 are predicted to be minor products in flame conditions, with a yield < or = 5%. The O + C6H6 --> c-C5H5* + *CHO channel is found to be unimportant under all relevant combustion conditions, in contrast with previous theoretical conclusions (J. Phys. Chem. A 2001, 105, 4316). Efficient H-abstraction pathways are newly identified, occurring on two different electronic state surfaces, 3B1 and 3B2, resulting in hydroxyl plus phenyl radicals; they are predicted to play an important role at higher temperatures in hydrocarbon combustion, with estimated contributions of ca. 50% at 2000 K. The overall thermal rate coefficient k(O + C6H6) at 300-800 K was computed using multistate transition state theory: k(T) = 3.7 x 10-16 x T 1.66 x exp(-1830 K/T) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1), in good agreement with the experimental data available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Lam Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
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32
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Nix MGD, Devine AL, Cronin B, Dixon RN, Ashfold MNR. High resolution photofragment translational spectroscopy studies of the near ultraviolet photolysis of phenol. J Chem Phys 2006; 125:133318. [PMID: 17029471 DOI: 10.1063/1.2353818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The fragmentation dynamics of gas phase phenol molecules following excitation at many wavelengths in the range 279.145 > or = lambdaphot > or = 206.00 nm have been investigated by H Rydberg atom photofragment translational spectroscopy. Many of the total kinetic energy release (TKER) spectra so derived show structure, the analysis of which confirms the importance of O-H bond fission and reveals that the resulting phenoxyl cofragments are formed in a very limited subset of their available vibrational state density. Spectra recorded at lambdaphot > or = 248 nm show a feature centered at TKER approximately 6500 cm(-1). These H atom fragments, which show no recoil anisotropy, are rationalized in terms of initial S1<--S0 (pi*<--pi) excitation, and subsequent dissociation via two successive radiationless transitions: internal conversion to ground (S0) state levels carrying sufficient O-H stretch vibrational energy to allow efficient transfer towards, and passage around, the conical intersection (CI) between the S0 and S2(1pisigma*) potential energy surfaces (PESs) at larger R(O-H), en route to ground state phenoxyl products. The observed phenoxyl product vibrations indicate that parent modes nu16a and nu11 can both promote nonadiabatic coupling in the vicinity of the S0S2 CI. Spectra recorded at lambdaphot < or = 248 nm reveal a faster, anisotropic distribution of recoiling H atoms, centered at TKER approximately 12,000 cm(-1). These we attribute to H+phenoxyl products formed by direct coupling between the optically excited S1(1pi pi*) and repulsive S2(1pi sigma*) PESs. Parent mode nu16b is identified as the dominant coupling mode at the S1/S2 CI, and the resulting phenoxyl radical cofragments display a long progression in nu18b, the C-O in-plane wagging mode. Analysis of all structured TKER spectra yields D0(H-OC6H5) = 30,015 +/- 40 cm(-1). The present findings serve to emphasize two points of wider relevance in contemporary organic photochemistry: (i) The importance of 1) pi sigma* states in the fragmentation of gas phase heteroaromatic hydride molecules, even in cases where the 1pi sigma* state is optically dark. (ii) The probability of observing strikingly mode-specific product formation, even in "indirect" predissociations, if the fragmentation is driven by ultrafast nonadiabatic couplings via CIs between excited (and ground) state PESs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G D Nix
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
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