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Yadawa Y, Jha D, Joshi N. Cost-effective efficient materials for dye degradation using non-aqueous sol-gel route. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:740-756. [PMID: 38019407 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31036-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
In the present studies, the synthesis of pure ZnO nanoparticles and Mg and S-doped ZnO particles were carried out using a non-aqueous sol-gel method. The synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) are characterized using XRD, FESEM, EDX, FTIR, UV-Vis-DRS, XPS, PL, and BET surface area analysis. X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques were used to examine the crystallization of ZnO, Mg-ZnO, and S-ZnO samples. The Mg-ZnO and S-ZnO samples exhibit significant c-axis compression and smaller crystallite sizes as compared to undoped ZnO. The optical band gap of Mg-ZnO and S-ZnO NPs were found to be 2.93 eV and 2.32 eV, respectively, which are lower than that of ZnO NPs (3.05 eV). The S-doped ZnO resulted in the homogenous distribution of sulfur ions in the ZnO lattice crystal. XPS analysis revealed that the doped S element was mostly S4+ and S6+. A systematic evaluation has been conducted to assess the influence of several operational parameters, including doped/undoped stoichiometry, solution pH, catalyst dosage, and radical trapping experiment, on the photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine 6G (Rh 6G) dye. Furthermore, we investigated the photocatalytic degradation activity of ZnO, Mg-ZnO, and S-ZnO samples with aquoues solution of 5 ppm Rhodamine 6G (Rh 6G) at room temperature. Results indicated that pure ZnO nanoparticles have the highest photocatalytic degradation rate constant (0.00344 min-1), compared to the samples Mg-ZnO (0.00104 min-1) and S-ZnO (0.00108 min-1) with Rh 6G dye in presence of visible light emitting diode (Vis-LED) source at room temperature. The enhanced visible light photocatalytic activities of pure ZnO NPs were attributed to their superior surface properties (18.30 m2/g) and effective electron-hole separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogendra Yadawa
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Biochemical Engineering, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology, Jais, 229304, India.
| | - Divanshu Jha
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Biochemical Engineering, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology, Jais, 229304, India
| | - Nitesh Joshi
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Biochemical Engineering, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology, Jais, 229304, India
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Hernández-Rodríguez YM, Lopez-Salazar P, Juarez-Diaz G, Paredes-Rubio GR, Peña-Sierra R. Synthesis and Characterization of Nanoporous ZnO Films by Controlling the Zn Sublimation by Using ZnO/Zn Precursor Films. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:5509. [PMID: 36013655 PMCID: PMC9412365 DOI: 10.3390/ma15165509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A reliable process for the formation of nanoporous ZnO films supported on amorphous quartz and (100) silicon substrates via the processing of ZnO/Zn precursor films is reported. The process is based on the sublimation mechanism of Zn implemented in a novel ZnO/Zn precursor film to produce a nanoporous film. A scanning electron microscopy analysis of the nanoporous ZnO films' surfaces revealed the presence of ZnO nano-features with round tips; in contrast, the nanoporous ZnO films supported on (100) Si substrates showed hexagonal nut-like nanostructures. The crystallite size of the nanoporous ZnO films decreased as the sublimation temperature was increased. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies demonstrated that formations of oxygen vacancies were produced during the processing stages (as the main structural lattice defects in the ZnO nanoporous films). The analysis of the photoluminescence response confirmed that the active deep-level centers were also related to the oxygen vacancies generated during the thermal processing of the ZnO/Zn precursor films. Finally, a qualitative mechanism is proposed to explain the formation of nanoporous ZnO films on quartz and crystalline Si substrates. The results suggest that the substrates used have a strong influence on the nanoporous ZnO structures obtained with the Zn-sublimation-controlled process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazmin Mariela Hernández-Rodríguez
- Programa de Doctorado en Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, CINVESTAV-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. IPN 2508, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Primavera Lopez-Salazar
- Centro de Investigación en Dispositivos Semiconductores, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | | | - Gabriel Romero Paredes-Rubio
- Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Sección de Electrónica del Estado Sólido (SEES) CINVESTAV-IPN, Av. IPN 2508, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Ramón Peña-Sierra
- Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Sección de Electrónica del Estado Sólido (SEES) CINVESTAV-IPN, Av. IPN 2508, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
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Kinoshita T. Highly efficient wideband solar energy conversion employing singlet-triplet transitions. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2022. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20210423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Kinoshita
- Department of General Systems Studies, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
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Pirashanthan A, Velauthapillai D, Robertson N, Ravirajan P. Lithium doped poly(3-hexylthiophene) for efficient hole transporter and sensitizer in metal free quaterthiophene dye treated hybrid solar cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20157. [PMID: 34635778 PMCID: PMC8505494 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99762-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This work focuses on the role of Lithium doped Poly(3-hexylthiophene)(P3HT) in metal-free quaterthiophene (4T) dye treated Titanium dioxide (TiO2) based hybrid solar cells. The dye treated hybrid solar cells with Lithium doped P3HT showed efficiencies (3.95%) of nearly a factor of four times higher than the pristine P3HT based control TiO2/4T/P3HT devices (1.04%). The enhancement of the efficiency is mainly due to highly efficient charge collection attributed to enhanced charge transport and light harvesting properties of Lithium doped P3HT polymer. The optimized solar cells with Lithium doped P3HT showed a high short circuit current density over 13 mA/cm2, under simulated irradiation of intensity 100 mW/cm2 with AM 1.5 filter. This significant increase in current density in TiO2/4T/doped P3HT solar cell is also confirmed by both the broadened External Quantum Efficiency spectrum and significant photoluminescence quenching upon replacement of pristine P3HT with doped P3HT on 4T dye treated TiO2 electrode. With Lithium doped Spiro-OMeTAD instead of Lithium doped P3HT, similar devices showed efficiencies over 3.30% under simulated irradiation of 100 mW/cm2 with AM 1.5 filter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arumugam Pirashanthan
- grid.412985.30000 0001 0156 4834Clean Energy Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Jaffna, Jaffna, 40000 Sri Lanka ,grid.477239.cFaculty of Engineering and Science, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Dhayalan Velauthapillai
- grid.477239.cFaculty of Engineering and Science, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Neil Robertson
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ UK
| | - Punniamoorthy Ravirajan
- grid.412985.30000 0001 0156 4834Clean Energy Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Jaffna, Jaffna, 40000 Sri Lanka
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Wibowo A, Marsudi MA, Amal MI, Ananda MB, Stephanie R, Ardy H, Diguna LJ. ZnO nanostructured materials for emerging solar cell applications. RSC Adv 2020; 10:42838-42859. [PMID: 35514924 PMCID: PMC9058181 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07689a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc oxide (ZnO) has been considered as one of the potential materials in solar cell applications, owing to its relatively high conductivity, electron mobility, stability against photo-corrosion and availability at low-cost. Different structures of ZnO materials have been engineered at the nanoscale, and then applied on the conducting substrate as a photoanode. On the other hand, the ZnO nanomaterials directly grown on the substrate have been attractive due to their unique electron pathways, which suppress the influence of surface states typically found in the former case. Herein, we review the recent progress of ZnO nanostructured materials in emerging solar cell applications, such as sensitized and heterojunction architectures, including those embedded with promising perovskite materials. The remarkable advancement in each solar cell architecture is highlighted towards achieving high power conversion efficiency and operational stability. We also discuss the foremost bottleneck for further improvements and the future outlook for large-scale practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arie Wibowo
- Material Science and Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132 Indonesia
- Research Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132 Indonesia
| | - Maradhana Agung Marsudi
- Material Science and Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132 Indonesia
| | - Muhamad Ikhlasul Amal
- Research Center for Metallurgy and Materials, The Indonesian Institute of Sciences Puspitek Serpong Banten 15314 Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Bagas Ananda
- Material Science and Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132 Indonesia
| | - Ruth Stephanie
- Material Science and Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132 Indonesia
| | - Husaini Ardy
- Material Science and Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132 Indonesia
| | - Lina Jaya Diguna
- Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, Universitas Prasetiya Mulya Kavling Edutown I.1, Jl. BSD Raya Utama, BSD City Tangerang 15339 Indonesia
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Jia H, Wang F, Tan Z. Material and device engineering for high-performance blue quantum dot light-emitting diodes. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:13186-13224. [PMID: 32614007 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr02074e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal quantum dots (QDs) have attracted extensive attention due to their excellent optoelectronic properties, such as high quantum efficiency, narrow emission peaks, high color saturation, high stability and solution processability. Compared with the traditional display technology, QD based light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) show broad application prospects in the field of flat-panel displays and solid-state lighting. However, for full-color displays, the efficiency and lifetime of blue QLEDs are inferior to those of their green and red counterparts. Therefore, it is urgent for us to deeply understand the device physics and improve the performance of blue QLEDs through material and device engineering. An in-depth understanding of the optoelectronic properties (such as the structure of electronic states, electron-phonon interactions, Auger processes, etc.) and material engineering (such as size distribution control, composition control, and surface engineering) of blue emission QDs is greatly helpful for their applications in other fields. Herein, we review the key progress in the area of blue QLEDs, including the compositions and nanostructures of blue quantum dots, advances in the device architectures and the improvement of the device lifetime of blue QLEDs. The key factors that influence the blue device performance, including the nanostructure design and surface modification of QDs, interface engineering and architecture design of devices are discussed, aiming to propose possible solutions for these challenges, which will help to promote the commercialization process of QLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Jia
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Fuzhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zhan'ao Tan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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7
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Abstract
Solution-based printing approaches permit digital designs to be converted into physical objects by depositing materials in a layer-by-layer additive fashion from microscale to nanoscale resolution. The extraordinary adaptability of this technology to different inks and substrates has received substantial interest in the recent literature. In such a context, this review specifically focuses on the realization of inks for the deposition of ZnO, a well-known wide bandgap semiconductor inorganic material showing an impressive number of applications in electronic, optoelectronic, and piezoelectric devices. Herein, we present an updated review of the latest advancements on the ink formulations and printing techniques for ZnO-based nanocrystalline inks, as well as of the major applications which have been demonstrated. The most relevant ink-processing conditions so far explored will be correlated with the resulting film morphologies, showing the possibility to tune the ZnO ink composition to achieve facile, versatile, and scalable fabrication of devices of different natures.
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Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Catalysed One-Pot Three-Component Reaction: A Facile Synthesis of 4-Aryl-NH-1,2,3-Triazoles. Catal Letters 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-020-03143-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Kamruzzaman M. The effect of ZnO/ZnSe core/shell nanorod arrays photoelectrodes on PbS quantum dot sensitized solar cell performance. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:286-295. [PMID: 36133990 PMCID: PMC9416973 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00523d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ZnO nanorod (NR) based inorganic quantum dot sensitized solar cells have gained tremendous attention for use in next generation solar cells. ZnO/ZnSe-core/shell NR arrays (NRAs) with various densities were grown on an Au@ZnO seed layer (Au = 0.0, 4.0, 8.0 and 16.0 nm) on glass supported fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates using low cost hydrothermal and ion-exchange approaches. PbS quantum dots (QDs) were loaded into the ZnO/ZnSe core/shell NRAs via a successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method. The morphology, structural and optical properties of the core/shell NRAs were investigated using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-vis spectroscopy measurements. It was observed that the density of the ZnO/ZnSe NRAs decreases with increasing Au buffer layer thickness. The absorption decreases along with a decrease in the ZnO/ZnSe NRA density. The ZnO NRs/PbS QD photoelectrode performs poorly; however, after introducing a ZnSe shell on the core-ZnO, the solar cells parameters changed according to the ZnO/ZnSe NRA density. Values of η = ∼0.88%, J SC = 14.60 mA cm-2, and V OC = 190 mV, and η = ∼0.25%, J SC = 6.77 mA cm-2, and V OC = 115 mV were obtained for the highest and lowest NRA densities, respectively. Although the photovoltaic performance of these photoelectrodes is still inferior, further improvement of the device would be possible by suppressing surface defects, and through quality optimization of the ZnO/ZnSe NRAs, PbS QDs, counter electrode and electrolyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kamruzzaman
- Department of Physics, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur Rangpur-5400 Bangladesh +880-1771034439
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A Quarterthiophene-Based Dye as an Efficient Interface Modifier for Hybrid Titanium Dioxide/Poly(3-hexylthiophene)(P3HT) Solar Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11111752. [PMID: 31731443 PMCID: PMC6918415 DOI: 10.3390/polym11111752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This work focused on studying the influence of dyes, including a thiophene derivative dye with a cyanoacrylic acid group ((E)-2-cyano-3-(3′,3′′,3′′′-trihexyl-[2,2′:5′,2′′:5′′,2′′′- quaterthiophene]-5-yl) acrylicacid)(4T), on the photovoltaic performance of titanium dioxide (TiO2)/poly(3-hexyl thiophene)(P3HT) solar cells. The insertion of dye at the interface improved the efficiency regardless of the dye used. However, 4T dye significantly improved the efficiency by a factor of three when compared to the corresponding control. This improvement is mainly due to an increase in short circuit current density (JSC), which is consistent with higher hole-mobility reported in TiO2/P3HT nanocomposite with 4T dye. Optical absorption data further revealed that 4T extended the spectral response of the TiO2/P3HT nanocomposite, which could also enhance the JSC. The reduced dark current upon dye insertion ensured the carrier recombination was controlled at the interface. This, in turn, increased the open circuit voltage. An optimized hybrid TiO2/P3HT device with 4T dye as an interface modifier showed an average efficiency of over 2% under-simulated irradiation of 100 mWcm−2 (1 sun) with an Air Mass 1.5 filter.
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Wu F, Pathak R, Jiang L, Chen W, Chen C, Tong Y, Zhang T, Jian R, Qiao Q. Sb 2S 3 Thickness-Related Photocurrent and Optoelectronic Processes in TiO 2/Sb 2S 3/P3HT Planar Hybrid Solar Cells. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2019; 14:325. [PMID: 31620919 PMCID: PMC6795671 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-019-3157-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a comprehensive understanding of the relationship of photon absorption, internal electrical field, transport path, and relative kinetics on Sb2S3 photovoltaic performance has been investigated. The n-i-p planar structure for TiO2/Sb2S3/P3HT heterojunction hybrid solar cells was conducted, and the photon-to-electron processes including illumination depth, internal electric field, drift velocity and kinetic energy of charges, photo-generated electrons and hole concentration-related surface potential in Sb2S3, charge transport time, and interfacial charge recombination lifetime were studied to reveal the key factors that governed the device photocurrent. Dark J-V curves, Kelvin probe force microscope, and intensity-modulated photocurrent/photovoltage dynamics indicate that internal electric field is the main factors that affect the photocurrent when the Sb2S3 thickness is less than the hole diffusion length. However, when the Sb2S3 thickness is larger than the hole diffusion length, the inferior area in Sb2S3 for holes that cannot be diffused to P3HT would become a dominant factor affecting the photocurrent. The inferior area in Sb2S3 layer for hole collection could also affect the Voc of the device. The reduced collection of holes in P3HT, when the Sb2S3 thickness is larger than the hole diffusion length, would increase the difference between the quasi-Fermi levels of electrons and holes for a lower Voc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wu
- School of Sciences and Key Lab of Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China.
- Center for Advanced Photovoltaics, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA.
| | - Rajesh Pathak
- Center for Advanced Photovoltaics, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Lan Jiang
- School of Sciences and Key Lab of Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Weimin Chen
- School of Sciences and Key Lab of Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Chong Chen
- Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials and School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Yanhua Tong
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Tiansheng Zhang
- School of Sciences and Key Lab of Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Ronghua Jian
- School of Sciences and Key Lab of Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Qiquan Qiao
- Center for Advanced Photovoltaics, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA.
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Kardeş M, Öztürk K. Photocatalyst ZnO nanorod arrays on glass substrates: the critical role of seed layer in nanorod alignment and photocatalytic efficiencies. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2019.1660651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Memnune Kardeş
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Koray Öztürk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey
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Consonni V, Briscoe J, Kärber E, Li X, Cossuet T. ZnO nanowires for solar cells: a comprehensive review. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:362001. [PMID: 31051478 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab1f2e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
As an abundant and non-toxic wide band gap semiconductor with a high electron mobility, ZnO in the form of nanowires (NWs) has emerged as an important electron transporting material in a vast number of nanostructured solar cells. ZnO NWs are grown by low-cost chemical deposition techniques and their integration into solar cells presents, in principle, significant advantages including efficient optical absorption through light trapping phenomena and enhanced charge carrier separation and collection. However, they also raise some significant issues related to the control of the interface properties and to the technological integration. The present review is intended to report a detailed analysis of the state-of-the-art of all types of nanostructured solar cells integrating ZnO NWs, including extremely thin absorber solar cells, quantum dot solar cells, dye-sensitized solar cells, organic and hybrid solar cells, as well as halide perovskite-based solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Consonni
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LMGP, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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14
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Kinoshita T, Kakeno R, Segawa H. Solid-state Dye-sensitized Solar Cells Using (CH 3NH 3) 2SnI 6 Perovskite with Wideband Sensitizer. CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.190165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Kinoshita
- Department of General Systems Studies, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Rentaro Kakeno
- Department of General Systems Studies, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Segawa
- Department of General Systems Studies, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
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Lee YH, Ha M, Song I, Lee JH, Won Y, Lim S, Ko H, Oh JH. High-Performance Hybrid Photovoltaics with Efficient Interfacial Contacts between Vertically Aligned ZnO Nanowire Arrays and Organic Semiconductors. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:9996-10002. [PMID: 31460092 PMCID: PMC6648691 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid photovoltaics (HPVs) incorporating both organic and inorganic semiconducting materials have attracted much attention as next-generation photovoltaics because of their advantage of combining both materials. The hybridization of ZnO nanowires (NWs) and organic semiconductors is expected to be a suitable approach to overcome the limited exciton diffusion length and low electron mobility associated with current organic photovoltaics. The use of ZnO NWs allows researchers to tune nanoscale dimensions more precisely and to achieve rod-to-rod spacing below 10 nm. However, the perfect incorporation of organic semiconductors into densely packed ZnO NW arrays has yet to be achieved. In this study, we report the fabrication of ZnO NW arrays and various organic heterojunction-based HPVs using the feasible and effective vacuum-assisted double coating (VADC) method, achieving full coverage of the organic semiconductors on the compact ZnO NW arrays. The newly proposed VADC method ensures perfect infiltration and full coverage of the organic semiconductors on the densely packed NW arrays. Compared with the conventional single spin-coating process, the use of the VADC method led to 11 and 14% increases in the power conversion efficiency of P3HT:PCBM- and PBDTTT-C-T:PC71BM-based HPVs, respectively. Our studies provide a feasible method for the fabrication of efficient HPVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Ho Lee
- School
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic
of Korea
- Center for
Advanced Soft Electronics, Pohang University
of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Gyongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjeong Ha
- School
of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan
National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Inho Song
- School
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic
of Korea
| | - Jeong Hun Lee
- School
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic
of Korea
| | - Yousang Won
- School
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic
of Korea
| | - Seongdong Lim
- School
of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan
National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunhyub Ko
- School
of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan
National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- E-mail: (H.K)
| | - Joon Hak Oh
- School
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic
of Korea
- E-mail: (J.H.O.)
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Truong NTN, Hoang HHT, Park C. Improvement of Vacuum Free Hybrid Photovoltaic Performance Based on a Well-Aligned ZnO Nanorod and WO 3 as a Carrier Transport Layer. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12091490. [PMID: 31071939 PMCID: PMC6539724 DOI: 10.3390/ma12091490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Well-aligned zinc oxide nanorods (WA-ZnO Nrods) with different lengths were synthesized and the effects of the growth times on the optical, morphological, and electrical properties of the WA-ZnO Nrods were examined. We also investigated the application of WA-ZnO Nrods as an electron transport layer (ETL) and tungsten trioxide (WO3) as a hole transport layer (HTL) to vacuum free hybrid photovoltaic (HPV) performance. The eutectic gallium-indium (EGaIn) alloy was used as a top electrode coated using a brush-painting method. A device with the structure of indium tin oxide (ITO)/WA-ZnO Nrods/(P3HT:PCBM)/WO3/EGaIn was optimized and fabricated. The maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) was ~4.5%. Improvement of the device performance indicates that the well-aligned ZnO Nrods and WO3 can effectively be applied as charge carrier transport layer for vacuum free hybrid (HPV).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hai Ha Thi Hoang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea.
| | - Chinho Park
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea.
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17
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Becker-Koch D, Rivkin B, Paulus F, Xiang H, Dong Y, Chen Z, Bakulin AA, Vaynzof Y. Probing charge transfer states at organic and hybrid internal interfaces by photothermal deflection spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2019; 31:124001. [PMID: 30572317 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aafa4e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In organic and hybrid photovoltaic devices, the asymmetry required for charge separation necessitates the use of a donor and an acceptor material, resulting in the formation of internal interfaces in the device active layer. While the core objective of these interfaces is to facilitate charge separation, bound states between electrons and holes may form across them, resulting in a loss mechanism that diminishes the performance of the solar cells. These interfacial transitions appear in organic systems as charge transfer (CT) states and as bound charge pairs (BCP) in hybrid systems. Despite being similar, the latter are far less investigated. Herein, we employ photothermal deflection spectroscopy and pump-push-probe experiments in order to determine the characteristics and dynamics of interfacial states in two model systems: an organic P3HT:PCBM and hybrid P3HT:ZnO photovoltaic layer. By controlling the area of the internal interface, we identify CT states between 1.4 eV and 1.8 eV in the organic bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) and BCP between 1.1 eV and 1.4 eV in the hybrid BHJ. The energetic distribution of these states suggests that they not only contribute to losses in photocurrent, but also significantly limit the possible maximum open circuit voltage obtainable from these devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Becker-Koch
- Kirchhoff Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität, Heidelberg, Germany. Centre for Advanced Materials, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität, Heidelberg, Germany
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18
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Mixed-dimensional, three-level hierarchical nanostructures of silver and zinc oxide for fast photocatalytic degradation of multiple dyes. J Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2019.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Dwivedi S, Kaneko T. Robustification of ITO nanolayer by surface-functionalization of transparent biopolyimide substrates. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Dwivedi
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Technology, Energy and Environment Area; Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai; Nomi Ishikawa 923-1292 Japan
| | - T. Kaneko
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Technology, Energy and Environment Area; Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai; Nomi Ishikawa 923-1292 Japan
- Japan Science and Technology, ALCA; Tokyo 102-0076 Japan
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20
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Cao L, Yang C, Zhang B, Lv K, Li M, Deng K. Synergistic photocatalytic performance of cobalt tetra(2-hydroxymethyl-1,4-dithiin)porphyrazine loaded on zinc oxide nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 359:388-395. [PMID: 30055428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.07.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A new ZnO/CoPz(hmdtn)4 composite as a highly efficient photocatalyst was successfully prepared by cobalt tetra(2-hydroxymethyl-1,4-dithiin)porphyrazine (CoPz(hmdtn)4) impregnated onto the surface of ZnO nanoparticles, the photocatalytic performance of ZnO/CoPz(hmdtn)4 under both simulated sunlight and visible light (λ ≥ 400 nm) irradiation was assessed by degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) and phenol in aerated conditions. The ZnO/CoPz(hmdtn)4 manifested much higher photocatalytic activity than pure ZnO and pure CoPz(hmdtn)4, originating from the synergistic effect between CoPz(hmdtn)4 and ZnO. Furthermore, the XPS analysis revealed that there may be strong interaction between CoPz(hmdtn)4 and ZnO. Thereby ZnO/CoPz(hmdtn)4 with excellent stability can maintain high photocatalytic activity over five runs on the basis of the reusability test. The active species generated in the photocatalytic system were verified by electron spin resonance (ESR) technology. A possible mechanism of the synergistic effect between CoPz(hmdtn)4 and ZnO was also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, Hubei Province, College of Chemistry and Material Science, South-Central University For Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Changjun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, Hubei Province, College of Chemistry and Material Science, South-Central University For Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Bingguang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, Hubei Province, College of Chemistry and Material Science, South-Central University For Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Kangle Lv
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, Hubei Province, College of Chemistry and Material Science, South-Central University For Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Mei Li
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, Hubei Province, College of Chemistry and Material Science, South-Central University For Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Kejian Deng
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, Hubei Province, College of Chemistry and Material Science, South-Central University For Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China.
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21
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Influence of organic interface modification layer on the photoelectric properties of ZnO-based hybrid solar cells. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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22
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Sucharitakul S, Panyathip R, Choopun S. Effect of Annealing Temperature on ECD Grown Hexagonal-Plane Zinc Oxide. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E1360. [PMID: 30082614 PMCID: PMC6120048 DOI: 10.3390/ma11081360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Zinc oxide (ZnO) offers a great potential in several applications from sensors to Photovoltaic cells thanks to the material's dependency, to its optical and electrical properties and crystalline structure architypes. Typically, ZnO powder tends to be grown in the form of a wurtzite structure allowing versatility in the phase of material growths; albeit, whereas in this work we introduce an alternative in scalable yet relatively simple 2D hexagonal planed ZnO nanoflakes via the electrochemical deposition of commercially purchased Zn(NO₃)₂ and KCl salts in an electrochemical process. The resulting grown materials were analyzed and characterized via a series of techniques prior to thermal annealing to increase the grain size and improve the crystal quality. Through observation via scanning electron microscope (SEM) images, we have analyzed the statistics of the grown flakes' hexagonal plane's size showing a non-monotonal strong dependency of the average flake's hexagonal flakes' on the annealing temperature, whereas at 300 °C annealing temperature, average flake size was found to be in the order of 300 μm². The flakes were further analyzed via transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to confirm its hexagonal planes and spectroscopy techniques, such as Raman Spectroscopy and photo luminescence were applied to analyze and confirm the ZnO crystal signatures. The grown materials also underwent further characterization to gain insights on the material, electrical, and optical properties and, hence, verify the quality of the material for Photovoltaic cells' electron collection layer application. The role of KCl in aiding the growth of the less preferable (0001) ZnO is also investigated via various prospects discussed in our work. Our method offers a relatively simple and mass-producible method for synthesizing a high quality 2D form of ZnO that is, otherwise, technically difficult to grow or control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukrit Sucharitakul
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Keaw Road, Muang Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
| | - Rangsan Panyathip
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Keaw Road, Muang Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
| | - Supab Choopun
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Keaw Road, Muang Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
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23
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Lian Q, Chen M, Mokhtar MZ, Wu S, Zhu M, Whittaker E, O'Brien P, Saunders BR. Surface structure, optoelectronic properties and charge transport in ZnO nanocrystal/MDMO-PPV multilayer films. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:12260-12271. [PMID: 29687131 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp01148f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Blends of semiconducting nanocrystals and conjugated polymers continue to attract major research interest because of their potential applications in optoelectronic devices, such as solar cells, photodetectors and light-emitting diodes. In this study we investigate the surface structure, morphological and optoelectronic properties of multilayer films constructed from ZnO nanocrystals (NCs) and poly[2-methoxy-5-(3',7'-dimethyloctyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MDMO-PPV). The effects of layer number and ZnO concentration (CZnO) used on the multilayer film properties are investigated. An optimised solvent blend enabled well-controlled layers to be sequentially spin coated and the construction of multilayer films containing six ZnO NC (Z) and MDMO-PPV (M) layers (denoted as (ZM)6). Contact angle data showed a strong dependence on CZnO and indicated distinct differences in the coverage of MDMO-PPV by the ZnO NCs. UV-visible spectroscopy showed that the MDMO-PPV absorption increased linearly with the number of layers in the films and demonstrates highly tuneable light absorption. Photoluminescence spectra showed reversible quenching as well as a surprising red-shift of the MDMO-PPV emission peak. Solar cells were constructed to probe vertical photo-generated charge transport. The measurements showed that (ZM)6 devices prepared using CZnO = 14.0 mg mL-1 had a remarkably high open circuit voltage of ∼800 mV. The device power conversion efficiency was similar to that of a control bilayer device prepared using a much thicker MDMO-PPV layer. The results of this study provide insight into the structure-optoelectronic property relationships of new semiconducting multilayer films which should also apply to other semiconducting NC/polymer combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Lian
- School of Materials, University of Manchester, MSS Tower, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Mu Chen
- School of Materials, University of Manchester, MSS Tower, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Muhamad Z Mokhtar
- School of Materials, University of Manchester, MSS Tower, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Shanglin Wu
- School of Materials, University of Manchester, MSS Tower, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Mingning Zhu
- School of Materials, University of Manchester, MSS Tower, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Eric Whittaker
- Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, Alan Turing Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Paul O'Brien
- School of Materials, University of Manchester, MSS Tower, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK. and School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Brian R Saunders
- School of Materials, University of Manchester, MSS Tower, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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24
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Tandon B, Magaz A, Balint R, Blaker JJ, Cartmell SH. Electroactive biomaterials: Vehicles for controlled delivery of therapeutic agents for drug delivery and tissue regeneration. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 129:148-168. [PMID: 29262296 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Electrical stimulation for delivery of biochemical agents such as genes, proteins and RNA molecules amongst others, holds great potential for controlled therapeutic delivery and in promoting tissue regeneration. Electroactive biomaterials have the capability of delivering these agents in a localized, controlled, responsive and efficient manner. These systems have also been combined for the delivery of both physical and biochemical cues and can be programmed to achieve enhanced effects on healing by establishing control over the microenvironment. This review focuses on current state-of-the-art research in electroactive-based materials towards the delivery of drugs and other therapeutic signalling agents for wound care treatment. Future directions and current challenges for developing effective electroactive approach based therapies for wound care are discussed.
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25
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Haque SKM, Ardila-Rey JA, Umar Y, Rahman H, Mas'ud AA, Muhammad-Sukki F, Albarracín R. Polymeric Materials for Conversion of Electromagnetic Waves from the Sun to Electric Power. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10030307. [PMID: 30966342 PMCID: PMC6415068 DOI: 10.3390/polym10030307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Solar photoelectric energy converted into electricity requires large surface areas with incident light and flexible materials to capture these light emissions. Currently, sunlight rays are converted to electrical energy using silicon polymeric material with efficiency up to 22%. The majority of the energy is lost during conversion due to an energy gap between sunlight photons and polymer energy transformation. This energy conversion also depends on the morphology of present polymeric materials. Therefore, it is very important to construct mechanisms of highest energy occupied molecular orbitals (HOMO)s and the lowest energy unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMO)s to increase the efficiency of conversion. The organic and inorganic solar cells used as dyes can absorb more photons from sunlight and the energy gap will be less for better conversion of energy to electricity than the conventional solar cells. This paper provides an up-to-date review on the performance, characterization, and reliability of different composite polymeric materials for energy conversion. Specific attention has been given to organic solar cells because of their several advantages over others, such as their low-energy payback time, conversion efficiency and greenhouse emissions. Finally, this paper provides the recent progress on the application of both organic and inorganic solar cells for electric power generations together with several challenges that are currently faced.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Manirul Haque
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Jubail Industrial College, P.O. Box 10099, Jubail 31961, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Jorge Alfredo Ardila-Rey
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Santiago de Chile 8940000, Chile.
| | - Yunusa Umar
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Jubail Industrial College, P.O. Box 10099, Jubail 31961, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Habibur Rahman
- Department of General Studies, Jubail Industrial College, P.O. Box 10099, Jubail 31961, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdullahi Abubakar Mas'ud
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Jubail Industrial College, P.O. Box 10099, Jubail 319261, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki
- School of Engineering, Robert Gordon University, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen AB10 7QB, Scotland, UK.
| | - Ricardo Albarracín
- Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica, Automática y Física Aplicada, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería y Diseño Industrial, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ronda de Valencia 3, 28012 Madrid, Spain.
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26
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Galeazzi R, González-Panzo IJ, Díaz-Becerril T, Morales C, Rosendo E, Silva R, Romano-Trujillo R, Coyopol A, Nieto-Caballero FG, Treviño-Yarce L. Physicochemical conditions for ZnO films deposited by microwave chemical bath deposition. RSC Adv 2018; 8:8662-8670. [PMID: 35539881 PMCID: PMC9078622 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra00065d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Physicochemical analysis was carried out to obtain the species distribution diagrams (SDDs) for the deposition of ZnO films as a function of OH− ion concentration ([OH−]) in the reaction solution. The study of SDDs predicts nucleation and ZnO film growth by means of the dominant species at a given pH value. To confirm this, a series of experiments were made varying the [OH−] in the reaction solution and keeping the others parameters constant. Structured zinc oxide (ZnO) films were obtained on glass substrates by microwave chemical bath deposition (MWCBD). Structural, optical and morphological ZnO film properties were investigated as a function of [OH−]. X-Ray diffraction technique (XRD) measurements show multiple diffraction peaks, indicating the polycrystalline nature of ZnO films. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images of ZnO structures showed morphological changes with the variation of [OH−]. The stoichiometry of the structures changed as the [OH−] was varied in solution. From Raman spectra, it was observed that the [OH−] of the reaction mixture strongly affects the crystal quality of ZnO structures. A reaction pathway for the synthesis of ZnO structures based on our results is proposed. Experimental results are consistent with the physical–chemical analysis. Physicochemical analysis was carried out to obtain the species distribution diagrams (SDDs) for the deposition of ZnO films as a function of OH− ion concentration ([OH−]) in the reaction solution.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Galeazzi
- CIDS-ICUAP
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla
- Puebla
- México
| | | | | | - C. Morales
- CIDS-ICUAP
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla
- Puebla
- México
| | - E. Rosendo
- CIDS-ICUAP
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla
- Puebla
- México
| | - R. Silva
- IFUAP
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla
- Puebla
- México
| | | | - A. Coyopol
- CIDS-ICUAP
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla
- Puebla
- México
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27
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Zhong P, Ma X, Xi H. Passivating ZnO Surface States by C60 Pyrrolidine Tris-Acid for Hybrid Solar Cells Based on Poly(3-hexylthiophene)/ZnO Nanorod Arrays. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 10:E4. [PMID: 30966038 PMCID: PMC6415000 DOI: 10.3390/polym10010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Construction of ordered electron acceptors is a feasible way to solve the issue of phase separation in polymer solar cells by using vertically-aligned ZnO nanorod arrays (NRAs). However, the inert charge transfer between conducting polymer and ZnO limits the performance enhancement of this type of hybrid solar cells. In this work, a fullerene derivative named C60 pyrrolidine tris-acid is used to modify the interface of ZnO/poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT). Results indicate that the C60 modification passivates the surface defects of ZnO and improves its intrinsic fluorescence. The quenching efficiency of P3HT photoluminescence is enhanced upon C60 functionalization, suggesting a more efficient charge transfer occurs across the modified P3HT/ZnO interface. Furthermore, the fullerene modified hybrid solar cell based on P3HT/ZnO NRAs displays substantially-enhanced performance as compared to the unmodified one and the devices with other modifiers, which is contributed to retarded recombination and enhanced exciton separation as evidenced by electrochemical impedance spectra. Therefore, fullerene passivation is a promising method to ameliorate the connection between conjugated polymers and metal oxides, and is applicable in diverse areas, such as solar cells, transistors, and light-emitting dioxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhong
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, 266 Xinglong Section of Xifeng Road, Xi'an 710126, Shaanxi, China.
- Key Labof Wide Band-Gap Semiconductor Materials and Devices, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xiaohua Ma
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, 266 Xinglong Section of Xifeng Road, Xi'an 710126, Shaanxi, China.
- Key Labof Wide Band-Gap Semiconductor Materials and Devices, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, Shaanxi, China.
| | - He Xi
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, 266 Xinglong Section of Xifeng Road, Xi'an 710126, Shaanxi, China.
- Key Labof Wide Band-Gap Semiconductor Materials and Devices, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, Shaanxi, China.
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28
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Highly stable Al-doped ZnO by ligand-free synthesis as general thickness-insensitive interlayers for organic solar cells. Sci China Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-017-9131-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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29
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Yan J, Lian Q, Mokhtar MZ, Milani AH, Whittaker E, Hamilton B, O'Brien P, Nguyen NT, Saunders BR. Textured ZnO films from evaporation-triggered aggregation of nanocrystal dispersions and their use in solar cells. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:27081-27089. [PMID: 28960011 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp05026g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Due to its high electron mobility, good stability and potential for low-temperature synthesis ZnO has received considerable attention for use in solar cells, photodetectors and sensors. Whilst there have been reports involving the formation ZnO films with porous morphologies the majority of those have involved elaborate or time-consuming preparation methods. In this study we investigate a simple new method for preparing textured porous ZnO (tp-ZnO) films. We used colloidal instability triggered by the evaporation of a volatile stabilising ligand during spin-coating of a ZnO nanocrystal (NC) dispersion to deposit crack-free tp-ZnO films. The porosity of the tp-ZnO films was 56% and they could be prepared using amine-based ligands with boiling points less than or equal to 78 °C. To demonstrate the ability to use the tp-ZnO films as electron acceptors they were infiltrated with poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and solar cells prepared. The power conversion efficiencies of the tp-ZnO/P3HT devices reached values that were three times higher than a control bilayer ZnO/P3HT device prepared using a sol-gel derived ZnO film. Because our method used a low temperature treatment and ZnO films are used in a wide variety of third-generation solar cells, the new tp-ZnO films introduced here may offer a low cost method for improving the efficiency of other solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Yan
- School of Materials, MSS Tower, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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30
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Qiao F, Wang X, Wang Q, He G, Xie Y. Functionalized self-assembly of colloidal CdX (X = S, Se) nanorods on solid substrates for device applications. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:8066-8079. [PMID: 28585959 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr01974b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In comparison to randomly oriented nanorods (NRs), self-assembly of the colloidal CdX (X = S, Se) NRs into well-organized large-scale structures results in unique collective properties. Moreover, the anisotropic structural features of self-assemblies preserved from colloidal CdX (X = S, Se) NRs have opened up exciting opportunities in the field of nanotechnology applications. We present the latest strategies for the self-assembly of colloidal NRs on solid substrates, and further focus on the self-assembled NRs for applications in devices. Advanced progress in the preparation of NR building blocks on the basis of nanofabrication techniques and comprehensive studies on the interactions of NRs with substrates will remarkably expand the application of colloidal semiconductor NRs. Understanding and mastering the driving forces behind the assembly of the NRs is the key goal of engineering future functional structures based on NRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Qiao
- School of Energy & Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P R China.
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31
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Effect of different capping agents on physicochemical and antimicrobial properties of ZnO nanoparticles. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-017-0132-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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32
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Pan J, Chen J, Huang Q, Wang L, Lei W. A highly efficient quantum dot light emitting diode via improving the carrier balance by modulating the hole transport. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra08302e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A highly efficient solution-processed QLED device with a doped HTL has been demonstrated by the modulation of hole transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyong Pan
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Information Display and Visualization
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Jing Chen
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Information Display and Visualization
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Qianqian Huang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Information Display and Visualization
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Lixi Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Information Display and Visualization
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Wei Lei
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Information Display and Visualization
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing
- China
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Nosheen E, Shah SM, Hussain H, Murtaza G. Photo-sensitization of ZnS nanoparticles with renowned ruthenium dyes N3, N719 and Z907 for application in solid state dye sensitized solar cells: A comparative study. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 162:583-591. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kumar S, Dhar A. Accelerated Thermal-Aging-Induced Degradation of Organometal Triiodide Perovskite on ZnO Nanostructures and Its Effect on Hybrid Photovoltaic Devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:18309-18320. [PMID: 27351932 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b06878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Organometal halide perovskite materials are presently some of the pacesetters for light harvesting in hybrid photovoltaic devices because of their excellent inherent electrical and optical properties. However, long-term durability of such perovskite materials remains a major bottleneck for their commercialization especially in countries with hot and humid climatic conditions, thus violating the international standards for photovoltaic technology. Albeit, TiO2 as an electron-transport layer has been well investigated for perovskite solar cells; the high-temperature processing makes it unsuitable for low-cost and large-scale roll-to-roll production of flexible photovoltaic devices. Herein, we have chosen low-temperature (<150 °C)-processable nanostructured ZnO as the electron-selective layer and used a two-step method for sensitizing ZnO nanorods with methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) perovskite, which is viable for flexible photovoltaic devices. We have also elaborately addressed the effect of the annealing duration on the conversion of a precursor solution into the required perovskite phase on ZnO nanostructures. The investigations show that the presence of ZnO nanostructures accelerates the rate of degradation of MAPbI3 films under ambient annealing and thus requires proper optimization. The role of ZnO in enhancing the degradation kinetics of the perovskite layer has been investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and a buffer layer passivation technique. The effect of the annealing duration of the MAPbI3 perovskite on the optical, morphological, and compositional behavior has been closely studied and correlated with the photovoltaic efficiency. The study captures the degradation behavior of the commercially interesting MAPbI3 perovskite on a ZnO electron-transport layer and thus can provide insight for developing alternative families of perovskite material with better thermal and environmental stability for application in low-cost flexible photovoltaic technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kumar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - A Dhar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , Kharagpur 721302, India
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Hewlett RM, McLachlan MA. Surface Structure Modification of ZnO and the Impact on Electronic Properties. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:3893-3921. [PMID: 26936217 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201503404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a widely utilized, versatile material implemented in a diverse range of technological applications, particularly in optoelectronic devices, where its inherent transparency, tunable electronic properties, and accessible nanostructures can be combined to confer superior device properties. ZnO is a complex material with a rich and intricate defect chemistry, and its properties can be extremely sensitive to processing methods and conditions; consequently, surface modification of ZnO using both inorganic and organic species has been explored to control and regulate its surface properties, particularly at heterointerfaces in electronic devices. Here, the properties of ZnO are described in detail, particularly its surface chemistry, along with the role of defects in governing its electronic properties, and methods employed to modulate the behavior of as-grown ZnO. An outline is also given on how the native and modified oxide interact with molecular materials. To illustrate the diverse range of surface modification methods and their subsequent influence on electronic properties, a comprehensive review of the modification of ZnO surfaces at molecular interfaces in hybrid photovoltaic (hPV) and organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices is presented. This is a case study rather than a progress report, aiming to highlight the progress made toward controlling and altering the surface properties of ZnO, and to bring attention to the ways in which this may be achieved by using various interfacial modifiers (IMs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Hewlett
- Department of Materials & Centre for Plastic Electronics, Royal School of Mines, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2BP, UK
| | - Martyn A McLachlan
- Department of Materials & Centre for Plastic Electronics, Royal School of Mines, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2BP, UK
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Armstrong CL, Price MB, Muñoz-Rojas D, Davis NJKL, Abdi-Jalebi M, Friend RH, Greenham NC, MacManus-Driscoll JL, Böhm ML, Musselman KP. Influence of an Inorganic Interlayer on Exciton Separation in Hybrid Solar Cells. ACS NANO 2015; 9:11863-71. [PMID: 26548399 PMCID: PMC4690195 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b05934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
It has been shown that in hybrid polymer-inorganic photovoltaic devices not all the photogenerated excitons dissociate at the interface immediately, but can instead exist temporarily as bound charge pairs (BCPs). Many of these BCPs do not contribute to the photocurrent, as their long lifetime as a bound species promotes various charge carrier recombination channels. Fast and efficient dissociation of BCPs is therefore considered a key challenge in improving the performance of polymer-inorganic cells. Here we investigate the influence of an inorganic energy cascading Nb2O5 interlayer on the charge carrier recombination channels in poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT)-TiO2 and PbSe colloidal quantum dot-TiO2 photovoltaic devices. We demonstrate that the additional Nb2O5 film leads to a suppression of BCP formation at the heterojunction of the P3HT cells and also a reduction in the nongeminate recombination mechanisms in both types of cells. Furthermore, we provide evidence that the reduction in nongeminate recombination in the P3HT-TiO2 devices is due in part to the passivation of deep midgap trap states in the TiO2, which prevents trap-assisted Shockley-Read-Hall recombination. Consequently a significant increase in both the open-circuit voltage and the short-circuit current was achieved, in particular for P3HT-based solar cells, where the power conversion efficiency increased by 39%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire L. Armstrong
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, CB3 0FS, Cambridge, U.K.
| | - Michael B. Price
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - David Muñoz-Rojas
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, CB3 0FS, Cambridge, U.K.
- Laboratoire des Matériaux et du Génie Physique, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS, 3 Parvis Louis Néel, 38016 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Mojtaba Abdi-Jalebi
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Richard H. Friend
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Neil C. Greenham
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Judith L. MacManus-Driscoll
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, CB3 0FS, Cambridge, U.K.
| | - Marcus L. Böhm
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Kevin P. Musselman
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, U.K.
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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Ku KH, Yang H, Jang SG, Bang J, Kim BJ. Tailoring block copolymer and polymer blend morphology using nanoparticle surfactants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Hee Ku
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon 305-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunseung Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon 305-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Se Gyu Jang
- Soft Innovative Materials Research Center; Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST); Jeonbuk 565-905 Republic of Korea
| | - Joona Bang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Korea University; Seoul 136-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Bumjoon J. Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon 305-701 Republic of Korea
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38
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Ghimpu L, Potlog T, Resmerita AM, Tiginyanu I, Farcas A. Structure and morphology of nanoporous zno and dark current-Voltage characteristics of the glass/(TCO)/zno/poly[2,7-(9,9-dioctylfluorene)- alt-(5,5'-bithiophene)/ag structure. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Ghimpu
- Institute of Electronic Engineering and Nanotechnologies; Academy of Sciences of Moldova; MD-2028 Chisinau Republic of Moldova
| | - Tamara Potlog
- Moldova State University; Chisinau MD-2009 Republic of Moldova
| | - Ana-Maria Resmerita
- ‘‘Petru Poni’’ Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry; Gr. Ghica Voda Alley 41A 700487 Iasi Romania
| | - Ion Tiginyanu
- Institute of Electronic Engineering and Nanotechnologies; Academy of Sciences of Moldova; MD-2028 Chisinau Republic of Moldova
| | - Aurica Farcas
- ‘‘Petru Poni’’ Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry; Gr. Ghica Voda Alley 41A 700487 Iasi Romania
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Kim S, Kim YC, Oh SG. Synthesis of Highly Concentrated ZnO Nanorod Sol by Sol-gel Method and their Applications for Inverted Organic Solar Cells. KOREAN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.9713/kcer.2015.53.3.350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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40
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Combined hydrophobicity and mechanical durability through surface nanoengineering. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9260. [PMID: 25851026 PMCID: PMC4389190 DOI: 10.1038/srep09260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reports combined hydrophobicity and mechanical durability through the nanoscale engineering of surfaces in the form of nanorod-polymer composites. Specifically, the hydrophobicity derives from nanoscale features of mechanically hard ZnO nanorods and the mechanical durability derives from the composite structure of a hard ZnO nanorod core and soft polymer shell. Experimental characterization correlates the morphology of the nanoengineered surfaces with the combined hydrophobicity and mechanical durability, and reveals the responsible mechanisms. Such surfaces may find use in applications, such as boat hulls, that benefit from hydrophobicity and require mechanical durability.
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Kung H, Teplyakov A. In situ investigation of organic ligand displacement processes on ZnO powder surface. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2015; 27:054007. [PMID: 25414158 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/27/5/054007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A variety of surface processes require removal or replacement of surface-bound chemical functional groups to achieve the properties required by a specific application. In the case of ZnO powder, a number of applications require manipulation of surface-bound species including ethoxy, acetoxy, acetylacetate, or 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoroacetylacetate. The displacement of the surface species formed by these compounds on ZnO powder surfaces by a gas-phase reagent is described by a model that takes into account stability of surface species predicted by density functional theory and the strength of binding of the second layer on top of the first, provided by the ΔH of sublimation. This simple model is tested by infrared spectroscopy following the adsorption of one compound and its displacement by the other. A correlation between the enthalpic driving force and the percentage of the displaced species observed experimentally is found. This simple approach can be improved and generalized further to include other surface-bound species and other materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan Kung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
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42
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Dhamodharan P, Manoharan C, Dhanapandian S, Venkatachalam P. Dye-sensitized solar cell using sprayed ZnO nanocrystalline thin films on ITO as photoanode. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 136 Pt C:1671-1678. [PMID: 25459731 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.10.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ZnO thin films had been successfully prepared by spray pyrolysis (SP) technique on ITO/Glass substrates at different substrate temperature in the range 250-400°C using Zinc acetylacetonate as precursor. The X-ray diffraction studies confirmed the hexagonal wurtzite structure with preferred orientation along (002) plane at substrate temperature 350°C and the crystallite size was found to vary from 18 to 47nm. The morphology of the films revealed the porous nature with the roughness value of 8-13nm. The transmittance value was found to vary from 60% to 85% in the visible region depending upon the substrate temperature and the band gap value for the film deposited at 350°C was 3.2eV. The obtained results revealed that the structures and properties of the films were greatly affected by substrate temperature. The near band edge emission observed at 398nm in PL spectra showed better crystallinity. The measured electrical resistivity for ZnO film was ∼3.5×10(-4)Ωcm at the optimized temperature 350°C and was of n-type semiconductor. The obtained porous nature with increased surface roughness of the film and good light absorbing nature of the dye paved way for implementation of quality ZnO in DSSCs fabrication. DSSC were assembled using the prepared ZnO film on ITO coated glass substrate as photoanode and its photocurrent - voltage performance was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Dhamodharan
- Department of Physics, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - C Manoharan
- Department of Physics, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - S Dhanapandian
- Department of Physics, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Venkatachalam
- Department of Physics (DDE), Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
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43
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Zhang G, Wu Y, Ding H, Zhu Y, Li J, Lin Y, Jiang S, Zhang Q, Pan N, Luo Y, Wang X. Remarkable enhancement of photovoltaic performance of ZnO/CdTe core–shell nanorod array solar cells through interface passivation with a TiO2 layer. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra14204k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The power conversion efficiency of the ZnO/CdTe core–shell nanorod array solar cell can be dramatically improved with a thin passivation TiO2 layer on the interface.
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44
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Leow C, Harada T, Ohnishi T, Matsumura M. Light-soaking effects on ZnO-nanorods/polymer hybrid photovoltaics. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra00435g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In ZnO-nanorods/polymer hybrid photovoltaics, molecular oxygen adsorbed on ZnO-nanorods is very harmful because it provides quenching and recombination pathways to excitons. By UV irradiation, photocurrent is increased as a result of its desorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheahli Leow
- Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry
- Osaka University
- Toyonaka
- Japan
| | - Takashi Harada
- Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry
- Osaka University
- Toyonaka
- Japan
| | - Toshihiro Ohnishi
- Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry
- Osaka University
- Toyonaka
- Japan
| | - Michio Matsumura
- Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry
- Osaka University
- Toyonaka
- Japan
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45
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Leow C, Ohnishi T, Matsumura M. Removal of organic contaminants from the surface of ZnO nanorods for organic/inorganic hybrid photovoltaics by using photocatalytic reaction. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra14928a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Properties of hybrid photovoltaics made of ZnO nanorods, which were deposited by solution process, and a polymer layer were improved by UV-treatment of the ZnO nanorods probably because organic contaminants remaining on the surface were photocatalytically decomposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheahli Leow
- Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry
- Osaka University
- Toyonaka
- Japan
| | - Toshihiro Ohnishi
- Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry
- Osaka University
- Toyonaka
- Japan
- Sumitomo Chemical Co. Ltd
| | - Michio Matsumura
- Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry
- Osaka University
- Toyonaka
- Japan
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46
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Şeker Ş, Elçin AE, Yumak T, Sınağ A, Elçin YM. In vitro cytotoxicity of hydrothermally synthesized ZnO nanoparticles on human periodontal ligament fibroblast and mouse dermal fibroblast cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2014; 28:1349-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2014.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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47
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Lee B, Stoumpos CC, Zhou N, Hao F, Malliakas C, Yeh CY, Marks TJ, Kanatzidis MG, Chang RPH. Air-stable molecular semiconducting iodosalts for solar cell applications: Cs2SnI6 as a hole conductor. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:15379-85. [PMID: 25299304 DOI: 10.1021/ja508464w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We introduce a new class of molecular iodosalt compounds for application in next-generation solar cells. Unlike tin-based perovskite compounds CsSnI3 and CH3NH3SnI3, which have Sn in the 2+ oxidation state and must be handled in an inert atmosphere when fabricating solar cells, the Sn in the molecular iodosalt compounds is in the 4+ oxidation state, making them stable in air and moisture. As an example, we demonstrate that, using Cs2SnI6 as a hole transporter, we can successfully fabricate in air a solid-state dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) with a mesoporous TiO2 film. Doping Cs2SnI6 with additives helps to reduce the internal device resistance, improving cell efficiency. In this way, a Z907 DSSC delivers 4.7% of energy conversion efficiency. By using a more efficient mixture of porphyrin dyes, an efficiency near 8% with photon confinement has been achieved. This represents a significant step toward the realization of low-cost, stable, lead-free, and environmentally benign next-generation solid-state solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byunghong Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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48
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Jung J, Yoon YJ, He M, Lin Z. Organic-inorganic nanocomposites composed of conjugated polymers and semiconductor nanocrystals for photovoltaics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaehan Jung
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia 30332
| | - Young Jun Yoon
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia 30332
| | - Ming He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia 30332
| | - Zhiqun Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia 30332
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49
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Jin MJ, Jo J, Kim JH, An KS, Jeong MS, Kim J, Yoo JW. Effects of TiO₂ interfacial atomic layers on device performances and exciton dynamics in ZnO nanorod polymer solar cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:11649-56. [PMID: 24987829 DOI: 10.1021/am5024435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The performances of organic electronic and/or photonic devices rely heavily on the nature of the inorganic/organic interface. Control over such hybrid interface properties has been an important issue for optimizing the performances of polymer solar cells bearing metal-oxide conducting channels. In this work, we studied the effects of an interfacial atomic layer in an inverted polymer solar cell based on a ZnO nanorod array on the device performance as well as the dynamics of the photoexcited carriers. We adopted highly conformal TiO2 interfacial layer using plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) to improve the compatibility between the solution-prepared active layer and the ZnO nanorod array. The TiO2 interfacial layer facilitated exciton separation and subsequent charge transfer into the nanorod channel, and it suppressed recombination of photogenerated carriers at the interface. The presence of even 1 PEALD cycle of TiO2 coating substantially improved the short-circuit current density (Jsc), open circuit voltage (Voc), and fill factor (FF), leading to more than 2-fold enhancement in the power conversion efficiency (PCE). The dynamics of the photoexcited carriers in our devices were studied using transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy. The TA results clearly revealed that the TiO2 coating played a key role as an efficient quencher of photogenerated excitons, thereby reducing the exciton lifetime. The electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) provided further evidence that the TiO2 atomic interfacial layer promoted the charge transfer at the interface by suppressing recombination loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Jin Jin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering-Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology , Ulsan 688-798, Republic of Korea
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50
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Habibi MH, Shojaee E. Synthesis, characterization and properties of nanostructure zinc oxide/cobalt oxide composite film coated on glass by sol–gel spin-coating process for textile dye removal in aqueous solution. J IND ENG CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2013.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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