1
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Spatial precipitate separation enhanced by complex formation. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.117955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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2
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Dynamic diffusion and precipitation processes across calcium silicate membranes. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 618:206-218. [PMID: 35338927 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Chemical gardens are tubular inorganic structures exhibiting complex morphologies and interesting dynamic properties upon ageing, with coupled diffusion and precipitation processes keeping the systems out of equilibrium for extended periods of time. Calcium-based silica gardens should comprise membranes that mimic the microstructures occurring in ordinary Portland cement and/or silicate gel layers observed around highly reactive siliceous aggregates in concrete. EXPERIMENTS Single macroscopic silica garden tubes were prepared using pellets of calcium chloride and sodium silicate solution. The composition of the mineralized tubes was characterized by means of various ex-situ techniques, while time-dependent monitoring of the solutions enclosed by and surrounding the membrane gives insight into the spatiotemporal distribution of the different ionic species. The latter data reflect transport properties and precipitation reactions in the system, thus allowing its complex dynamic behavior to be resolved. FINDINGS The results show that in contrast to the previously studied cases of iron- and cobalt-based silica gardens, the formed calcium silicate membrane is homogeneous and ultimately becomes impermeable to all species except water, hydroxide and sodium ions, resulting in the permanent conservation of considerable concentration gradients across the membrane. The insights gained in this work may help elucidate the nature and mechanisms of ion diffusion in Portland cements and concrete, especially those occurring during initial hydration of calcium silicates and the so-called alkali-silica reaction (ASR), one of the major concrete deterioration mechanisms causing serious problems with respect to the durability of concrete and the restricted use of many potential sources of raw materials.
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3
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Getenet M, Rieder J, Kellermeier M, Kunz W, Manuel García-Ruiz J. Tubular Structures of Calcium Carbonate: Formation, Characterization, and Implications in Natural Mineral Environments. Chemistry 2021; 27:16135-16144. [PMID: 34590745 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Chemical gardens are self-assembled tubular precipitates formed by a combination of osmosis, buoyancy, and chemical reaction, and thought to be capable of catalyzing prebiotic condensation reactions. In many cases, the tube wall is a bilayer structure with the properties of a diaphragm and/or a membrane. The interest in silica gardens as microreactors for materials science has increased over the past decade because of their ability to create long-lasting electrochemical potential. In this study, we have grown single macroscopic tubes based on calcium carbonate and monitored their time-dependent behavior by in situ measurements of pH, ionic concentrations inside and outside the tubular membranes, and electrochemical potential differences. Furthermore, we have characterized the composition and structure of the tubular membranes by using ex situ X-ray diffraction, infrared and Raman spectroscopy, as well as scanning electron microscopy. Based on the collected data, we propose a physicochemical mechanism for the formation and ripening of these peculiar CaCO3 structures and compare the results to those of other chemical garden systems. We find that the wall of the macroscopic calcium carbonate tubes is a bilayer of texturally distinct but compositionally similar calcite showing high crystallinity. The resulting high density of the material prevents macroscopic calcium carbonate gardens from developing significant electrochemical potential differences. In the light of these observations, possible implications in materials science and prebiotic (geo)chemistry are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melese Getenet
- Laboratorio de Estudios Cristalográficos, Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (CSIC-UGR), Avenida de las Palmeras 4, Armilla, 18100, Granada, Spain
| | - Julian Rieder
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Kellermeier
- Material Physics, BASF SE, RAA/OS-B007, Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38, 67056, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Werner Kunz
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Juan Manuel García-Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Estudios Cristalográficos, Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (CSIC-UGR), Avenida de las Palmeras 4, Armilla, 18100, Granada, Spain
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4
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Shah K, Gupta K, Sengupta B. Role of ethanol on particle size and morphology during copper oxalate synthesis by Precipitation-Stripping. POWDER TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2020.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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5
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Balog E, Papp P, Tóth Á, Horváth D, Schuszter G. The impact of reaction rate on the formation of flow-driven confined precipitate patterns. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:13390-13397. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01036g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The evolution of different confined precipitation patterns is determined by the ratio of the chemical and hydrodynamic time scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edina Balog
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science
- University of Szeged
- Szeged
- Hungary
| | - Paszkál Papp
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science
- University of Szeged
- Szeged
- Hungary
| | - Ágota Tóth
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science
- University of Szeged
- Szeged
- Hungary
| | - Dezső Horváth
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry
- University of Szeged
- Hungary
| | - Gábor Schuszter
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science
- University of Szeged
- Szeged
- Hungary
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6
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Pótári G, Tóth Á, Horváth D. Precipitation patterns driven by gravity current. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2019; 29:073117. [PMID: 31370424 DOI: 10.1063/1.5094491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A precipitation reaction can be driven by a gravity current that spreads on the bottom as a denser fluid is injected into an initially stagnant liquid. Supersaturation and nucleation are restricted to locations where the two liquids come into contact; hence, the flow pattern governs the spatial distribution of the final product. In this numerical study, we quantitatively characterize the flow associated with the gravity current prior to the onset of nucleation and distinguish three zones where the coupling of transport processes with the reaction can take place depending on their time scales. A scaling law associated with the region of Rayleigh-Taylor instability behind the tip of the gravity current is also determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Pótári
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Szeged, Rerrich Béla tér 1., Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Ágota Tóth
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Szeged, Rerrich Béla tér 1., Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Dezső Horváth
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich Béla tér 1., Szeged H-6720, Hungary
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7
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Balog E, Bittmann K, Schwarzenberger K, Eckert K, De Wit A, Schuszter G. Influence of microscopic precipitate structures on macroscopic pattern formation in reactive flows in a confined geometry. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:2910-2918. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp07693f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Thanks to the coupling between chemical precipitation reactions and hydrodynamics, new dynamic phenomena may be obtained and new types of materials can be synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edina Balog
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science
- University of Szeged
- Szeged
- Hungary
| | - Kevin Bittmann
- Institute of Process Engineering
- TU Dresden
- 01062 Dresden
- Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf
| | - Karin Schwarzenberger
- Institute of Process Engineering
- TU Dresden
- 01062 Dresden
- Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf
| | - Kerstin Eckert
- Institute of Process Engineering
- TU Dresden
- 01062 Dresden
- Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf
| | - Anne De Wit
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)
- Nonlinear Physical Chemistry Unit
- 1050 Brussels
- Belgium
| | - Gábor Schuszter
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science
- University of Szeged
- Szeged
- Hungary
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8
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Das NP, Müller B, Tóth Á, Horváth D, Schuszter G. Macroscale precipitation kinetics: towards complex precipitate structure design. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:19768-19775. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp01798k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Producing self-assembled inorganic precipitate micro- and macro-structures with tailored properties may pave the way for new possibilities in, e.g., materials science and the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmali Prabha Das
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science
- University of Szeged
- Szeged
- Hungary
| | - Brigitta Müller
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science
- University of Szeged
- Szeged
- Hungary
| | - Ágota Tóth
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science
- University of Szeged
- Szeged
- Hungary
| | - Dezső Horváth
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry
- University of Szeged
- Szeged
- Hungary
| | - Gábor Schuszter
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science
- University of Szeged
- Szeged
- Hungary
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9
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Nakouzi E, Steinbock O. Self-organization in precipitation reactions far from the equilibrium. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2016; 2:e1601144. [PMID: 27551688 PMCID: PMC4991932 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1601144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Far from the thermodynamic equilibrium, many precipitation reactions create complex product structures with fascinating features caused by their unusual origins. Unlike the dissipative patterns in other self-organizing reactions, these features can be permanent, suggesting potential applications in materials science and engineering. We review four distinct classes of precipitation reactions, describe similarities and differences, and discuss related challenges for theoretical studies. These classes are hollow micro- and macrotubes in chemical gardens, polycrystalline silica carbonate aggregates (biomorphs), Liesegang bands, and propagating precipitation-dissolution fronts. In many cases, these systems show intricate structural hierarchies that span from the nanometer scale into the macroscopic world. We summarize recent experimental progress that often involves growth under tightly regulated conditions by means of wet stamping, holographic heating, and controlled electric, magnetic, or pH perturbations. In this research field, progress requires mechanistic insights that cannot be derived from experiments alone. We discuss how mesoscopic aspects of the product structures can be modeled by reaction-transport equations and suggest important targets for future studies that should also include materials features at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Nakouzi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306–4390, USA
| | - Oliver Steinbock
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306–4390, USA
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10
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Bohner B, Endrődi B, Horváth D, Tóth Á. Flow-driven pattern formation in the calcium-oxalate system. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:164504. [PMID: 27131554 DOI: 10.1063/1.4947141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The precipitation reaction of calcium oxalate is studied experimentally in the presence of spatial gradients by controlled flow of calcium into oxalate solution. The density difference between the reactants leads to strong convection in the form of a gravity current that drives the spatiotemporal pattern formation. The phase diagram of the system is constructed, the evolving precipitate patterns are analyzed and quantitatively characterized by their diameters and the average height of the gravity flow. The compact structures of calcium oxalate monohydrate produced at low flow rates are replaced by the thermodynamically unstable calcium oxalate dihydrate favored in the presence of a strong gravity current.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bíborka Bohner
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Szeged, Aradi vértanúk tere 1., Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Balázs Endrődi
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Szeged, Aradi vértanúk tere 1., Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Dezső Horváth
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, Rerrich Béla tér 1., Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Ágota Tóth
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Szeged, Aradi vértanúk tere 1., Szeged H-6720, Hungary
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11
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Schuszter G, Brau F, De Wit A. Flow-driven control of calcium carbonate precipitation patterns in a confined geometry. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:25592-25600. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp05067k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Upon injection of an aqueous solution of carbonate into a solution of calcium ions in the confined geometry of a Hele-Shaw cell, various calcium carbonate precipitation patterns are observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Schuszter
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)
- Nonlinear Physical Chemistry Unit
- 1050 Brussels
- Belgium
| | - Fabian Brau
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)
- Nonlinear Physical Chemistry Unit
- 1050 Brussels
- Belgium
| | - A. De Wit
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)
- Nonlinear Physical Chemistry Unit
- 1050 Brussels
- Belgium
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12
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Tóth–Szeles E, Schuszter G, Tóth Á, Kónya Z, Horváth D. Flow-driven morphology control in the cobalt–oxalate system. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ce02459e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The presence of fluid flow by maintaining the density gradient and controlling the flow rate provides a simple method to modify the microstructure of cobalt oxalate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Tóth–Szeles
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science
- University of Szeged
- Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Schuszter
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science
- University of Szeged
- Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ágota Tóth
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science
- University of Szeged
- Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Kónya
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry
- University of Szeged
- Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dezső Horváth
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry
- University of Szeged
- Szeged, Hungary
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13
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Glaab F, Rieder J, García-Ruiz JM, Kunz W, Kellermeier M. Diffusion and precipitation processes in iron-based silica gardens. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:24850-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp02107g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The time-dependent dynamic evolution of macroscopic silica garden tubes is shown to strongly depend on the used metal cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Glaab
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- University of Regensburg
- Universitätsstrasse 31
- D-93040 Regensburg
- Germany
| | - J. Rieder
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- University of Regensburg
- Universitätsstrasse 31
- D-93040 Regensburg
- Germany
| | - J. M. García-Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Estudios Cristalográficos
- IACT (CSIC-UGR)
- E-18100 Armilla
- Spain
| | - W. Kunz
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- University of Regensburg
- Universitätsstrasse 31
- D-93040 Regensburg
- Germany
| | - M. Kellermeier
- Material Physics, BASF SE
- Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38
- D-67056 Ludwigshafen
- Germany
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14
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Barge LM, Cardoso SSS, Cartwright JHE, Cooper GJT, Cronin L, De Wit A, Doloboff IJ, Escribano B, Goldstein RE, Haudin F, Jones DEH, Mackay AL, Maselko J, Pagano JJ, Pantaleone J, Russell MJ, Sainz-Díaz CI, Steinbock O, Stone DA, Tanimoto Y, Thomas NL. From Chemical Gardens to Chemobrionics. Chem Rev 2015; 115:8652-703. [PMID: 26176351 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Barge
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91109, United States
| | - Silvana S S Cardoso
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB2 3RA, United Kingdom
| | - Julyan H E Cartwright
- Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra, CSIC-Universidad de Granada , E-18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Geoffrey J T Cooper
- WestCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Leroy Cronin
- WestCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Anne De Wit
- Nonlinear Physical Chemistry Unit, CP231, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB) , B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ivria J Doloboff
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91109, United States
| | - Bruno Escribano
- Basque Center for Applied Mathematics , E-48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Raymond E Goldstein
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB3 0WA, United Kingdom
| | - Florence Haudin
- Nonlinear Physical Chemistry Unit, CP231, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB) , B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - David E H Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Newcastle upon Tyne , Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Alan L Mackay
- Birkbeck College, University of London , Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, United Kingdom
| | - Jerzy Maselko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alaska , Anchorage, Alaska 99508, United States
| | - Jason J Pagano
- Department of Chemistry, Saginaw Valley State University , University Center, Michigan 48710-0001, United States
| | - J Pantaleone
- Department of Physics, University of Alaska , Anchorage, Alaska 99508, United States
| | - Michael J Russell
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91109, United States
| | - C Ignacio Sainz-Díaz
- Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra, CSIC-Universidad de Granada , E-18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Oliver Steinbock
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - David A Stone
- Iron Shell LLC , Tucson, Arizona 85717, United States
| | - Yoshifumi Tanimoto
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University , Tondabayashi 548-8540, Japan
| | - Noreen L Thomas
- Department of Materials, Loughborough University , Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
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15
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Bohner B, Schuszter G, Horváth D, Tóth Á. Morphology control by flow-driven self-organizing precipitation. Chem Phys Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2015.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Uskoković V. Nanostructured platforms for the sustained and local delivery of antibiotics in the treatment of osteomyelitis. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst 2015; 32:1-59. [PMID: 25746204 PMCID: PMC4406243 DOI: 10.1615/critrevtherdrugcarriersyst.2014010920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This article provides a critical view of the current state of the development of nanoparticulate and other solid-state carriers for the local delivery of antibiotics in the treatment of osteomyelitis. Mentioned are the downsides of traditional means for treating bone infection, which involve systemic administration of antibiotics and surgical debridement, along with the rather imperfect local delivery options currently available in the clinic. Envisaged are more sophisticated carriers for the local and sustained delivery of antimicrobials, including bioresorbable polymeric, collagenous, liquid crystalline, and bioglass- and nanotube-based carriers, as well as those composed of calcium phosphate, the mineral component of bone and teeth. A special emphasis is placed on composite multifunctional antibiotic carriers of a nanoparticulate nature and on their ability to induce osteogenesis of hard tissues demineralized due to disease. An ideal carrier of this type would prevent the long-term, repetitive, and systemic administration of antibiotics and either minimize or completely eliminate the need for surgical debridement of necrotic tissue. Potential problems faced by even hypothetically "perfect" antibiotic delivery vehicles are mentioned too, including (i) intracellular bacterial colonies involved in recurrent, chronic osteomyelitis; (ii) the need for mechanical and release properties to be adjusted to the area of surgical placement; (iii) different environments in which in vitro and in vivo testings are carried out; (iv) unpredictable synergies between drug delivery system components; and (v) experimental sensitivity issues entailing the increasing subtlety of the design of nanoplatforms for the controlled delivery of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vuk Uskoković
- Advanced Materials and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Richard and Loan Hill Department of Bioengineering, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 851 South Morgan St, #205 Chicago, Illinois, 60607-7052
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17
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Characterization of Pd impregnated on metal/silica-pillared H-keyaites (M-SPK, M=Ti, Zr) catalysts for partial oxidation of methane to hydrogen. J IND ENG CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2013.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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18
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Maselko J, Kiehl M, Couture J, Dyonizy A, Kaminker V, Nowak P, Pantaleone J. Emergence of complex behavior in chemical cells: the system AlCl₃-NaOH. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:5726-5731. [PMID: 24805150 DOI: 10.1021/la404676z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Chemical cells that spontaneously form in simple inorganic systems are presented. The cells are surrounded by semipermeable membranes that allow water and some ions to diffuse through. These cells exhibit dynamical behaviors that are typically associated with biological entities. These behaviors may be used to perform tasks such as rotation or linear translation in the vertical and horizontal directions. Yet another system builds "curtains". Behaviors are controlled by a complex network of physical and chemical processes that are organized in space and time. The type of dynamical behavior is determined by the chemical composition of the cell and the environment. By studying these systems we may learn general rules for the growth of living entities, or at least about the spontaneous growth of complex chemical structures. Understanding and mastering the synthesis of these systems may lead to new technologies where complex structures are grown rather than assembled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Maselko
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska , Anchorage, Alaska 99508, United States
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19
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Dúzs B, Lagzi I, Szalai I. Propagating fronts and morphological instabilities in a precipitation reaction. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:5460-5465. [PMID: 24786494 DOI: 10.1021/la500707b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Precipitation processes are essential in many natural systems, especially in biomineralization and in geological pattern formation. We observe temporal oscillations in the total mass of the precipitate, the formation of propagating and annihilating waves, and morphological instabilities in a thin precipitation layer in a two-side-fed gel reactor containing the AlCl3/NaOH reaction-diffusion system. Contrary to the standard Liesegang patterns, these structures form in the lateral direction at the meeting of the counterpropagating diffusion fronts of the electrolytes. The two main ingredients of the system are the amphoteric precipitate and the cross gradient of the chemicals due to the fixed boundary conditions. Simulations with a four-variable precipitation/redissolution model qualitatively reproduce the oscillations in the total mass of the precipitate and point out the stratified three-dimensional structure of the precipitate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitta Dúzs
- Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös University , Budapest, Hungary
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20
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Bohner B, Schuszter G, Berkesi O, Horváth D, Tóth Á. Self-organization of calcium oxalate by flow-driven precipitation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:4289-91. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc00205a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the calcium-oxalate system fast kinetics with flow leads to the enrichment of the thermodynamically unstable dihydrate crystalline form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bíborka Bohner
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science
- University of Szeged
- Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Schuszter
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science
- University of Szeged
- Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ottó Berkesi
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science
- University of Szeged
- Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dezső Horváth
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry
- University of Szeged
- Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ágota Tóth
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science
- University of Szeged
- Szeged, Hungary
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Kellermeier M, Glaab F, Melero-García E, García-Ruiz JM. Experimental techniques for the growth and characterization of silica biomorphs and silica gardens. Methods Enzymol 2013; 532:225-56. [PMID: 24188770 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-416617-2.00011-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Silica biomorphs and silica gardens are canonical examples of precipitation phenomena yielding self-assembled nanocrystalline composite materials with outstanding properties in terms of morphology and texture. Both types of structures form spontaneously in alkaline environments and rely on simple, and essentially similar, chemistry. However, the underlying growth processes are very sensitive to a range of experimental parameters, distinct preparation procedures, and external conditions. In this chapter, we report detailed protocols for the synthesis of these extraordinary biomimetic materials and identify critical aspects as well as advantages and disadvantages of different approaches. Furthermore, modifications of established standard procedures are reviewed and discussed with respect to their benefit for the control over morphogenesis and the reproducibility of the experiments in both cases. Finally, we describe currently used techniques for the characterization of these fascinating structures and devise promising ways to analyze their growth behavior and formation mechanisms in situ and as a function of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Kellermeier
- Department of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany; Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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