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Nisar M, Gondal HY, Cheema ZM, Yousaf S, Nadeem H. New azole-derived hemiaminal ethers as promising acetylcholinesterase inhibitors: synthesis, X-ray structures, in vitro and in silico studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:15535-15548. [PMID: 37021341 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2190805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
A new class of azole-derived hemiaminal ethers is designed as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors. The synthesized compounds exhibited remarkable inhibitory activity against acetylcholine. Chiral hemiaminals (3d and 3i) based on (R)-menthoxymethyl group exhibit excellent inhibition with IC50 values of 0.983 ± 1.41 and 1.154 ± 0.89 µM. Similarly, butoxymethyl derivatives 3a, 3f and 3h, also showed promising inhibition comparable to the standard drug, Donepezil. In silico studies were performed to understand the mode of interactions with the target proteins, where menthoxymethyl azoles 3d and 3i demonstrated the highest docking scores. Molecular dynamics simulations displayed the stable ligand-protein complex of 3i with effective binding interactions. The bioavailability and pharmacokinetic parameterssupported the suitability of these small molecule inhibitors to develop cost-effective drug leads for Alzheimer's disease (AD). MTT assay substantiated the non-cytotoxic nature of the compounds. The synthesized compounds are extensively characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectral data and SC-XRD.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nisar
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Sammer Yousaf
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, ICCBS, University of Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Humaira Nadeem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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2
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Xie MS, Cheng X, Chen YG, Wu XX, Qu GR, Guo HM. Efficient synthesis of tetrazole hemiaminal silyl ethers via three-component hemiaminal silylation. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 16:6890-6894. [PMID: 30232486 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02089b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
An efficient route to construct 2,5-disubstituted tetrazole hemiaminal silyl ethers via one-pot three-component hemiaminal silylation of 5-substituted tetrazoles, aldehydes, and silyl triflates was developed. Diverse 2,5-disubstituted tetrazole hemiaminal silyl ethers were obtained with 37 : 63->99 : 1 regioisomeric ratios. The regioselectivities of this reaction were significantly affected by steric hindrance and the conjugation effects of substitutions on the 5-position of tetrazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Sheng Xie
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.
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3
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Kinens A, Sejejs M, Kamlet AS, Piotrowski DW, Vedejs E, Suna E. Development of a Chiral DMAP Catalyst for the Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of Azole Hemiaminals. J Org Chem 2017; 82:869-886. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Artis Kinens
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
| | - Marcis Sejejs
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
- University of Latvia, Department of Chemistry, Jelgavas 1, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
| | - Adam S. Kamlet
- Worldwide
Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - David W. Piotrowski
- Worldwide
Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Edwin Vedejs
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
| | - Edgars Suna
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
- University of Latvia, Department of Chemistry, Jelgavas 1, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
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Piotrowski DW, Kamlet AS, Dechert-Schmitt AMR, Yan J, Brandt TA, Xiao J, Wei L, Barrila MT. Regio- and Enantioselective Synthesis of Azole Hemiaminal Esters by Lewis Base Catalyzed Dynamic Kinetic Resolution. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:4818-23. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David W. Piotrowski
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, Inc., Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Adam S. Kamlet
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, Inc., Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | | | - Jiangli Yan
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, Inc., Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Thomas A. Brandt
- Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jun Xiao
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, Inc., Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Liuqing Wei
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, Inc., Eastern
Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Mark T. Barrila
- Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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Zhao T, Kurpiewska K, Kalinowska-Tłuścik J, Herdtweck E, Dömling A. α-Amino Acid-Isosteric α-Amino Tetrazoles. Chemistry 2016; 22:3009-18. [PMID: 26817531 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of all 20 common natural proteinogenic and 4 otherα-amino acid-isosteric α-amino tetrazoles has been accomplished, whereby the carboxyl group is replaced by the isosteric 5-tetrazolyl group. The short process involves the use of the key Ugi tetrazole reaction followed by deprotection chemistries. The tetrazole group is bioisosteric to the carboxylic acid and is widely used in medicinal chemistry and drug design. Surprisingly, several of the common α-amino acid-isosteric α-amino tetrazoles are unknown up to now. Therefore a rapid synthetic access to this compound class and non-natural derivatives is of high interest to advance the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhao
- University of Groningen, Department of Drug Design, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Katarzyna Kurpiewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 3 Ingardena Street, 30-060, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Eberhardt Herdtweck
- Technische Universität München, Anorganisch Chemisches Institut, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - Alexander Dömling
- University of Groningen, Department of Drug Design, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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O'Brien NJ, Amran S, Medan J, Cleary B, Deady LW, Jennings IG, Thompson PE, Abbott BM. Potent inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3 (PI3) kinase that have antiproliferative activity only when delivered as prodrug forms. ChemMedChem 2013; 8:914-8. [PMID: 23568455 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201200583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Prodrugs for PI3K: A series of substituted analogues of the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002 were prepared and found to potently inhibit the isolated enzyme but not MCF7 cell proliferation. Two tetrazolyl-substituted analogues were further derivatized as prodrugs resulting in restoration of cell-based activity. These data provide a conceptual model for development of tumor-targeting prodrug forms of cell-impermeable PI3K inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J O'Brien
- Department of Chemistry, La Trobe University Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
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Khamooshi F, Jhaleh BHK. ZnCl2/AlCl3/Silica (ZAS) as an Effective Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Synthesis of 5-Ryloxytetrazoles. CHEMISTRY JOURNAL OF MOLDOVA 2012. [DOI: 10.19261/cjm.2012.07(2).04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple and efficient method for preparation of 5-aryloxy tetrazoles (3a-h) from arylcyanates (1a-h) with using ZnCl2/AlCl3/silica (ZAS) as an effective heterogeneous catalyst in solvent free are described with excellent yields and high purity. The rate of product formation was enhanced by introduction of electron donating substituents. The 1H NMR and chemical shifts and multiplicities are also discussed.
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Yeung KS, Qiu Z, Yang Z, Zadjura L, D'Arienzo CJ, Browning MR, Hansel S, Huang XS, Eggers BJ, Riccardi K, Lin PF, Meanwell NA, Kadow JF. Inhibitors of HIV-1 attachment. Part 9: an assessment of oral prodrug approaches to improve the plasma exposure of a tetrazole-containing derivative. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012. [PMID: 23200244 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.10.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
7-(2H-Tetrazol-5-yl)-1H-indole 3 was found to be a potent inhibitor of HIV-1 attachment but the compound lacked oral bioavailability in rats. The cause of the low exposure was believed to be poor absorption attributed to the acidic nature of the tetrazole moiety and, in an effort to address this liability, three more lipohilic tetrazole analogs, N-acetoxymethyl 4, N-pivaloyloxymethyl 5, and N-methyl 6, were evaluated as potential oral prodrugs in rats. Prodrug 5 was ineffective in improving the plasma concentration of 3 in vivo but compound 4 provided a 15-fold enhancement of the plasma concentration of 3. Most interestingly, oral dosing of analog 6 afforded a substantial increase in the plasma concentration of the parent in rats when compared to dosing of parent. This represents a novel example of a methyl tetrazole that acts as a prodrug for a free NH tetrazole-containing compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kap-Sun Yeung
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research & Development, 5 Research Parkway, PO Box 5100, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA.
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Kale RR, Prasad V, Kushwaha D, Tiwari VK. Benzotriazole-Mediated Facile Synthesis of Novel Glycosyl Tetrazole. J Carbohydr Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2011.652790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Herr RJ. 5-Substituted-1H-tetrazoles as carboxylic acid isosteres: medicinal chemistry and synthetic methods. Bioorg Med Chem 2002; 10:3379-93. [PMID: 12213451 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(02)00239-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 666] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
5-Substituted-1H-tetrazoles (RCN4H) are often used as metabolism-resistant isosteric replacements for carboxylic acids (RCO2H) in SAR-driven medicinal chemistry analogue syntheses. This review provides a brief summary of the medicinal chemistry of tetrazolic acids and highlights some examples of tetrazole-containing drug substances in the current literature. A survey of representative literature procedures for the preparation of 5-substituted-1H-tetrazoles, focusing on preparations from aryl and alkyl nitriles, is presented in sections by generalized synthetic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Jason Herr
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Albany Molecular Research, Inc., PO Box 15098, Albany, NY 12212-5098, USA.
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White RE. High-throughput screening in drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic support of drug discovery. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2000; 40:133-57. [PMID: 10836130 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.40.1.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The application of rapid methods currently used for screening discovery drug candidates for metabolism and pharmacokinetic characteristics is discussed. General considerations are given for screening in this context, including the criteria for good screens, the use of counterscreens, the proper sequencing of screens, ambiguity in the interpretation of results, strategies for false positives and negatives, and the special difficulties encountered in drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic screening. Detailed descriptions of the present status of screening are provided for absorption potential, blood-brain barrier penetration, inhibition and induction of cytochrome P450, pharmacokinetics, biotransformation, and computer modeling. Although none of the systems currently employed for drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic screening can be considered truly high-throughput, several of them are rapid enough to be a practical part of the screening paradigm for modern, fast-moving discovery programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E White
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Schering-Plough Research Institute, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033-1300, USA.
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