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Jia Z, Hast K, Izgu EC. Catecholamine-Copper Redox as a Basis for Site-Specific Single-Step Functionalization of Material Surfaces. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:4711-4722. [PMID: 33444000 PMCID: PMC7990395 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c19396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Realization of robust and facile surface functionalization processes is critical to biomaterials and biotechnology yet remains a challenge. Here, we report a new chemical approach that enables operationally simple and site-specific surface functionalization. The mechanism involves a catechol-copper redox chemistry, where the oxidative polymerization of an alkynyl catecholamine reduces Cu(II) to Cu(I), which in situ catalyzes a click reaction with azide-containing molecules of interest (MOIs). This process enables drop-coating and grafting of two- and three-dimensional solid surfaces in a single operation using as small as sub-microliter volumes. Generalizability of the method is shown for immobilizing MOIs of diverse structure and chemical or biological activity. Biological applications in anti-biofouling, cellular adhesion, scaffold seeding, and tissue regeneration are demonstrated, in which the activities or fates of cells are site-specifically manipulated. This work advances surface chemistry by integrating simplicity and precision with multipurpose surface functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojun Jia
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Kern Hast
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Enver Cagri Izgu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08854, United States
- Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
- Cancer Pharmacology Program, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
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2
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Druzina AA, Zhidkova OB, Dudarova NV, Kosenko ID, Ananyev IV, Timofeev SV, Bregadze VI. Synthesis and Structure of Nido-Carboranyl Azide and Its "Click" Reactions. Molecules 2021; 26:530. [PMID: 33498488 PMCID: PMC7930967 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel zwitter-ionic nido-carboranyl azide 9-N3(CH2)3Me2N-nido-7,8-C2B9H11 was prepared by the reaction of 9-Cl(CH2)3Me2N-nido-7,8-C2B9H11 with NaN3. The solid-state molecular structure of nido-carboranyl azide was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. 9-N3(CH2)3Me2N-nido-7,8-C2B9H11 was used for the copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition with phenylacetylene, alkynyl-3β-cholesterol and cobalt/iron bis(dicarbollide) terminal alkynes to form the target 1,2,3-triazoles. The nido-carborane-cholesterol conjugate 9-3β-Chol-O(CH2)C-CH-N3(CH2)3Me2N-nido-7,8-C2B9H11 with charge-compensated group in a linker can be used as a precursor for preparation of liposomes for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT). A series of novel zwitter-ionic boron-enriched cluster compounds bearing a 1,2,3-triazol-metallacarborane-carborane conjugated system was synthesized. Prepared conjugates contain a large amount of boron atom in the biomolecule and potentially can be used for BNCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A. Druzina
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilov Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (O.B.Z.); (N.V.D.); (I.D.K.); (I.V.A.); (S.V.T.); (V.I.B.)
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3
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Park JR, Bolle ECL, Santos Cavalcanti AD, Podevyn A, Van Guyse JFR, Forget A, Hoogenboom R, Dargaville TR. Injectable biocompatible poly(2-oxazoline) hydrogels by strain promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition. Biointerphases 2021; 16:011001. [PMID: 33401918 DOI: 10.1116/6.0000630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(2-alkyl-2-oxazoline) (PAOx) hydrogels are tailorable synthetic materials with demonstrated biomedical applications, thanks to their excellent biocompatibility and tunable properties. However, their use as injectable hydrogels is challenging as it requires invasive surgical procedures to insert the formed hydrogel into the body due to their nonsoluble 3D network structures. Herein, we introduce cyclooctyne and azide functional side chains to poly(2-oxazoline) copolymers to induce in situ gelation using strain promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition. The gelation occurs rapidly, within 5 min, under physiological conditions when two polymer solutions are simply mixed. The influence of several parameters, such as temperature and different aqueous solutions, and stoichiometric ratios between the two polymers on the structural properties of the resultant hydrogels have been investigated. The gel formation within tissue samples was verified by subcutaneous injection of the polymer solution into an ex vivo model. The degradation study of the hydrogels in vitro showed that the degradation rate was highly dependent on the type of media, ranging from days to a month. This result opens up the potential uses of PAOx hydrogels in attempts to achieve optimal, injectable drug delivery systems and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Ryul Park
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Eleonore C L Bolle
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Amanda Dos Santos Cavalcanti
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Annelore Podevyn
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joachim F R Van Guyse
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Aurelien Forget
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-St. 31, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tim R Dargaville
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
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4
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Abstract
Reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization is a commonly used polymerization methodology to generate synthetic polymers. The products of RAFT polymerization, i.e., RAFT polymers, have been widely employed in several biologically relevant areas, including drug delivery, biomedical imaging, and tissue engineering. In this article, we summarize a synthetic methodology to display an azide group at the chain end of a RAFT polymer, thus presenting a reactive site on the polymer terminus. This platform enables a click reaction between azide-terminated polymers and alkyne-containing molecules, providing a broadly applicable scaffold for chemical and bioconjugation reactions on RAFT polymers. We also highlight applications of these azide-terminated RAFT polymers in fluorophore labeling and for promoting organelle targeting capability. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Synthesis of the azide derivatives of chain transfer agent and radical initiator Basic Protocol 2: Installation of an azide group on the α-end of RAFT polymers Alternate Protocol: Installation of an azide group on the ω-end of RAFT polymers Basic Protocol 3: Click reaction between azide-terminated RAFT polymers and alkyne derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwen Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, United States
| | - Huan He
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
- DuPont Electronics & Imaging, Marlborough, MA 01752, United States
| | - Hongxu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - S. Thayumanavan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
- Center for Bioactive Delivery at the Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
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5
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Huang G, Solano CM, Melendez J, Yu-Alfonzo S, Boonhok R, Min H, Miao J, Chakrabarti D, Yuan Y. Discovery of fast-acting dual-stage antimalarial agents by profiling pyridylvinylquinoline chemical space via copper catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloadditions. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 209:112889. [PMID: 33045660 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
To identity fast-acting, multistage antimalarial agents, a series of pyridylvinylquinoline-triazole analogues have been synthesized via CuAAC. Most of the compounds display significant inhibitory effect on the drug-resistant malarial Dd2 strain at low submicromolar concentrations. Among the tested analogues, compound 60 is the most potent molecule with an EC50 value of 0.04 ± 0.01 μM. Our current study indicates that compound 60 is a fast-acting antimalarial compound and it demonstrates stage specific action at the trophozoite phase in the P. falciparum asexual life cycle. In addition, compound 60 is active against both early and late stage P. falciparum gametocytes. From a mechanistic perspective, compound 60 shows good activity as an inhibitor of β-hematin formation. Collectively, our findings suggest that fast-acting agent 60 targets dual life stages of the malarial parasites and warrant further investigation of pyridylvinylquinoline hybrids as new antimalarials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Claribel Murillo Solano
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32826, USA
| | - Joel Melendez
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32826, USA
| | - Sabrina Yu-Alfonzo
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32826, USA
| | - Rachasak Boonhok
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA; Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Science, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
| | - Hui Min
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Jun Miao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Debopam Chakrabarti
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32826, USA.
| | - Yu Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA.
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6
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Abstract
Site selectivity represents a key challenge for non-directed C-H functionalization, even when the C-H bond is intrinsically reactive. Here, we report a copper-catalyzed method for benzylic C-H azidation of diverse molecules. Experimental and density functional theory studies suggest the benzyl radical reacts with a CuII-azide species via a radical-polar crossover pathway. Comparison of this method with other C-H azidation methods highlights its unique site selectivity, and conversions of the benzyl azide products into amine, triazole, tetrazole, and pyrrole functional groups highlight the broad utility of this method for target molecule synthesis and medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Eun Suh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Si-Jie Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Mukunda Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Ilia A. Guzei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Christopher J. Cramer
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Shannon S. Stahl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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7
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Araújo ARL, Tomé AC, Santos CIM, Faustino MAF, Neves MGPMS, Simões MMQ, Moura NMM, Abu-Orabi ST, Cavaleiro JAS. Azides and Porphyrinoids: Synthetic Approaches and Applications. Part 2-Azides, Phthalocyanines, Subphthalocyanines and Porphyrazines. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071745. [PMID: 32290240 PMCID: PMC7180445 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The reaction between organic azides and alkyne derivatives via the Cu(I)-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) is an efficient strategy to combine phthalocyanines and analogues with different materials. As examples of such materials, it can be considered the following ones: graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, silica nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, and quantum dots. This approach is also being relevant to conjugate phthalocyanines with carbohydrates and to obtain new sophisticated molecules; in such way, new systems with significant potential applications become available. This review highlights recent developments on the synthesis of phthalocyanine, subphthalocyanine, and porphyrazine derivatives where CuAAC reactions are the key synthetic step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R. L. Araújo
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.R.L.A.); (A.C.T.); (C.I.M.S.); (M.A.F.F.); (M.G.P.M.S.N.); (M.M.Q.S.)
| | - Augusto C. Tomé
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.R.L.A.); (A.C.T.); (C.I.M.S.); (M.A.F.F.); (M.G.P.M.S.N.); (M.M.Q.S.)
| | - Carla I. M. Santos
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.R.L.A.); (A.C.T.); (C.I.M.S.); (M.A.F.F.); (M.G.P.M.S.N.); (M.M.Q.S.)
- CQE, Centro de Química Estrutural and IN—Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology of Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria A. F. Faustino
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.R.L.A.); (A.C.T.); (C.I.M.S.); (M.A.F.F.); (M.G.P.M.S.N.); (M.M.Q.S.)
| | - Maria G. P. M. S. Neves
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.R.L.A.); (A.C.T.); (C.I.M.S.); (M.A.F.F.); (M.G.P.M.S.N.); (M.M.Q.S.)
| | - Mário M. Q. Simões
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.R.L.A.); (A.C.T.); (C.I.M.S.); (M.A.F.F.); (M.G.P.M.S.N.); (M.M.Q.S.)
| | - Nuno M. M. Moura
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.R.L.A.); (A.C.T.); (C.I.M.S.); (M.A.F.F.); (M.G.P.M.S.N.); (M.M.Q.S.)
- Correspondence: (N.M.M.M.); (J.A.S.C.); Tel.: +351-234-370-717 (J.A.S.C.)
| | | | - José A. S. Cavaleiro
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.R.L.A.); (A.C.T.); (C.I.M.S.); (M.A.F.F.); (M.G.P.M.S.N.); (M.M.Q.S.)
- Correspondence: (N.M.M.M.); (J.A.S.C.); Tel.: +351-234-370-717 (J.A.S.C.)
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Acevedo-Jake A, Ball AT, Galli M, Kukwikila M, Denis M, Singleton DG, Tavassoli A, Goldup SM. AT-CuAAC Synthesis of Mechanically Interlocked Oligonucleotides. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:5985-5990. [PMID: 32155338 PMCID: PMC8016193 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We present a simple strategy for the synthesis of main chain oligonucleotide rotaxanes with precise control over the position of the macrocycle. The novel DNA-based rotaxanes were analyzed to assess the effect of the mechanical bond on their properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Acevedo-Jake
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K.
| | - Andrew T. Ball
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K.
| | - Marzia Galli
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K.
| | - Mikiembo Kukwikila
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K.
| | - Mathieu Denis
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K.
| | - Daniel G. Singleton
- ATDBio
Ltd, School of Chemistry, University of
Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K.
| | - Ali Tavassoli
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K.
| | - Stephen M. Goldup
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K.
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Tsao KK, Lee AC, Racine KÉ, Keillor JW. Site-Specific Fluorogenic Protein Labelling Agent for Bioconjugation. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030369. [PMID: 32121143 PMCID: PMC7175205 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Many clinically relevant therapeutic agents are formed from the conjugation of small molecules to biomolecules through conjugating linkers. In this study, two novel conjugating linkers were prepared, comprising a central coumarin core, functionalized with a dimaleimide moiety at one end and a terminal alkyne at the other. In our first design, we developed a protein labelling method that site-specifically introduces an alkyne functional group to a dicysteine target peptide tag that was genetically fused to a protein of interest. This method allows for the subsequent attachment of azide-functionalized cargo in the facile synthesis of novel protein-cargo conjugates. However, the fluorogenic aspect of the reaction between the linker and the target peptide was less than we desired. To address this shortcoming, a second linker reagent was prepared. This new design also allowed for the site-specific introduction of an alkyne functional group onto the target peptide, but in a highly fluorogenic and rapid manner. The site-specific addition of an alkyne group to a protein of interest was thus monitored in situ by fluorescence increase, prior to the attachment of azide-functionalized cargo. Finally, we also demonstrated that the cargo can also be attached first, in an azide/alkyne cycloaddition reaction, prior to fluorogenic conjugation with the target peptide-fused protein.
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Santana-Romo F, Lagos CF, Duarte Y, Castillo F, Moglie Y, Maestro MA, Charbe N, Zacconi FC. Innovative Three-Step Microwave-Promoted Synthesis of N-Propargyltetrahydroquinoline and 1,2,3-Triazole Derivatives as a Potential Factor Xa (FXa) Inhibitors: Drug Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030491. [PMID: 31979319 PMCID: PMC7037264 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The coagulation cascade is the process of the conversion of soluble fibrinogen to insoluble fibrin that terminates in production of a clot. Factor Xa (FXa) is a serine protease involved in the blood coagulation cascade. Moreover, FXa plays a vital role in the enzymatic sequence which ends with the thrombus production. Thrombosis is a common causal pathology for three widespread cardiovascular syndromes: acute coronary syndrome (ACS), venous thromboembolism (VTE), and strokes. In this research a series of N-propargyltetrahydroquinoline and 1,2,3-triazole derivatives as a potential factor Xa (FXa) inhibitor were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their FXa inhibitor activity, cytotoxicity activity and coagulation parameters. Rational design for the desired novel molecules was performed through protein-ligand complexes selection and ligand clustering. The microwave-assisted synthetic strategy of selected compounds was carried out by using Ullmann-Goldberg, N-propargylation, Mannich addition, Friedel-Crafts, and 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition type reactions under microwave irradiation. The microwave methodology proved to be an efficient way to obtain all novel compounds in high yields (73–93%). Furthermore, a thermochemical analysis, optimization and reactivity indexes such as electronic chemical potential (µ), chemical hardness (η), and electrophilicity (ω) were performed to understand the relationship between the structure and the energetic behavior of all the series. Then, in vitro analysis showed that compounds 27, 29–31, and 34 exhibited inhibitory activity against FXa and the corresponding half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were calculated. Next, a cell viability assay in HEK293 and HepG2 cell lines, and coagulation parameters (anti FXa, Prothrombin time (PT), activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT)) of the most active novel molecules were performed to determine the corresponding cytotoxicity and possible action on clotting pathways. The obtained results suggest that compounds 27 and 29 inhibited FXa targeting through coagulation factors in the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. However, compound 34 may target coagulation FXa mainly by the extrinsic and common pathway. Interestingly, the most active compounds in relation to the inhibition activity against FXa and coagulation parameters did not show toxicity at the performed coagulation assay concentrations. Finally, docking studies confirmed the preferential binding mode of N-propargyltetrahydroquinoline and 1,2,3-triazole derivatives inside the active site of FXa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabián Santana-Romo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (F.S.-R.); (F.C.); (N.C.)
| | - Carlos F. Lagos
- Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery Laboratory, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Lota 2465, Providencia 7510157, Santiago de Chile, Chile;
| | - Yorley Duarte
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile;
| | - Francisco Castillo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (F.S.-R.); (F.C.); (N.C.)
- Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Yanina Moglie
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Química del Sur (INQUISUR-CONICET), Universidad Nacional del Sur Avenida Alem 1253, Bahía Blanca B8000CPB, Argentina;
| | - Miguel A. Maestro
- Department of Chemistry—CICA, University of A Coruña, Campus da Zapateira, 15008A A Coruña, Spain;
| | - Nitin Charbe
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (F.S.-R.); (F.C.); (N.C.)
| | - Flavia C. Zacconi
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (F.S.-R.); (F.C.); (N.C.)
- Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-2354-1150
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11
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Bansode P, Anantacharya R, Dhanavade M, Kamble S, Barale S, Sonawane K, Satyanarayan ND, Rashinkar G. Evaluation of drug candidature: In silico ADMET, binding interactions with CDK7 and normal cell line studies of potentially anti-breast cancer enamidines. Comput Biol Chem 2019; 83:107124. [PMID: 31563021 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2019.107124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We have recently explored novel class of potentially anti-breast cancer active enamidines in which four molecules 4a-c and 4h showed higher anticancer activity compared to standard drug doxorubicin. As a part of extension of this work, we have further evaluated in silico cheminformatic studies on bioactivity prediction of synthesized series of enamidines using mole information. The normal cell line study of four lead compounds 4a-c and 4h against African green monkey kidney vero strain further revealed that the compounds complemented good selectivity in inhibition of cancer cells. The in silico bioactivity and molecular docking studies also revealed that the compounds have significant interactions with the drug targets. The results reveal that enamidine moieties are vital for anti-breast cancer activity as they possess excellent drug-like characteristics, being potentially good inhibitors of cyclin dependent kinases7 (CDK7).
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Bansode
- Department of Chemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416004, M.S., India
| | - R Anantacharya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kuvempu University, Post Graduate Centre, Kadur, 577548, Karnataka, India
| | - Maruti Dhanavade
- Department of Microbiology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416004, M.S., India
| | - Subodh Kamble
- Department of Microbiology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416004, M.S., India
| | - Sagar Barale
- Department of Microbiology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416004, M.S., India
| | - Kailas Sonawane
- Department of Microbiology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416004, M.S., India
| | - Nayak D Satyanarayan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kuvempu University, Post Graduate Centre, Kadur, 577548, Karnataka, India
| | - Gajanan Rashinkar
- Department of Chemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416004, M.S., India.
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12
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Fiolek TJ, Banahene N, Kavunja HW, Holmes NJ, Rylski AK, Pohane AA, Siegrist MS, Swarts BM. Engineering the Mycomembrane of Live Mycobacteria with an Expanded Set of Trehalose Monomycolate Analogues. Chembiochem 2019; 20:1282-1291. [PMID: 30589191 PMCID: PMC6614877 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacteria and related organisms in the Corynebacterineae suborder are characterized by a distinctive outer membrane referred to as the mycomembrane. Biosynthesis of the mycomembrane occurs through an essential process called mycoloylation, which involves antigen 85 (Ag85)-catalyzed transfer of mycolic acids from the mycoloyl donor trehalose monomycolate (TMM) to acceptor carbohydrates and, in some organisms, proteins. We recently described an alkyne-modified TMM analogue (O-AlkTMM-C7) which, in conjunction with click chemistry, acted as a chemical reporter for mycoloylation in intact cells and allowed metabolic labeling of mycoloylated components of the mycomembrane. Here, we describe the synthesis and evaluation of a toolbox of TMM-based reporters bearing alkyne, azide, trans-cyclooctene, and fluorescent tags. These compounds gave further insight into the substrate tolerance of mycoloyltransferases (e.g., Ag85s) in a cellular context and they provide significantly expanded experimental versatility by allowing one- or two-step cell labeling, live cell labeling, and rapid cell labeling via tetrazine ligation. Such capabilities will facilitate research on mycomembrane composition, biosynthesis, and dynamics. Moreover, because TMM is exclusively metabolized by Corynebacterineae, the described probes may be valuable for the specific detection and cell-surface engineering of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and related pathogens. We also performed experiments to establish the dependence of probe incorporation on mycoloyltransferase activity, results from which suggested that cellular labeling is a function not only of metabolic incorporation (and likely removal) pathway(s), but also accessibility across the envelope. Thus, whole-cell labeling experiments with TMM reporters should be carefully designed and interpreted when envelope permeability may be compromised. On the other hand, this property of TMM reporters can potentially be exploited as a convenient way to probe changes in envelope integrity and permeability, facilitating drug development studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor J Fiolek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Central Michigan University, 1200 S. Franklin St., Mount Pleasant, MI, 48859, USA
| | - Nicholas Banahene
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Central Michigan University, 1200 S. Franklin St., Mount Pleasant, MI, 48859, USA
| | - Herbert W Kavunja
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Central Michigan University, 1200 S. Franklin St., Mount Pleasant, MI, 48859, USA
| | - Nathan J Holmes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Central Michigan University, 1200 S. Franklin St., Mount Pleasant, MI, 48859, USA
| | - Adrian K Rylski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Central Michigan University, 1200 S. Franklin St., Mount Pleasant, MI, 48859, USA
| | - Amol Arunrao Pohane
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, 639 N. Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - M Sloan Siegrist
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, 639 N. Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Benjamin M Swarts
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Central Michigan University, 1200 S. Franklin St., Mount Pleasant, MI, 48859, USA
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13
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Abstract
Organic azides are useful synthetic intermediates, which demonstrate broad reactivity. Unlike most organic azides, allylic azides can spontaneously rearrange to form a mixture of isomers. This rearrangement has been named the Winstein rearrangement. Using allylic azides can result in low yields and azide racemization in some synthetic contexts due to the Winstein rearrangement. Effort has been made to understand the mechanism of the Winstein rearrangement and to take advantage of this process. Several guiding principles can be used to identify which azides will produce a mixture of isomers and which will resist rearrangement. Selective reaction conditions can be used to differentiate the azide isomers in a dynamic manner. This review covers all aspects of allylic azides including their synthesis, their reactivity, the mechanism of the Winstein rearrangement, and reactions that can selectively elaborate an azide isomer. This review covers the literature from Winstein's initial report to early 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela S Carlson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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14
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Abstract
We describe the synthesis and RNA acylation activity of a series of minimalist azidoalkanoyl imidazole reagents, with the aim of functionalizing RNA at 2'-hydroxyl groups at stoichiometric to superstoichiometric levels. We find marked effects of small structural changes on their ability to acylate and be reductively removed, and identify reagents and methods that enable efficient RNA functionalization and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Shin Park
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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15
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Abstract
Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) coupled with alkyne tags has been an emerging imaging technique to visualize small-molecule species with high sensitivity and specificity. Here we describe the development of a ratiometric Raman probe for visualizing hydrogen sulfide (H2S) species in living cells as the first alkyne-based sensor for SRS microscopy. This probe uses an azide unit as a selective reactive site, and it targets mitochondria with high specificity. The SRS ratiometric images show a strong response to H2S level changes in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zeng
- Department of chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Fanghao Hu
- Department of chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Rong Long
- Department of chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Wei Min
- Department of chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, NY 10027, USA.
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16
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Yang L, Kim HB, Sul JY, Yeldell SB, Eberwine JH, Dmochowski IJ. Efficient Synthesis of Light-Triggered Circular Antisense Oligonucleotides Targeting Cellular Protein Expression. Chembiochem 2018; 19:1250-1254. [PMID: 29479781 PMCID: PMC6248878 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Light-activated ("caged") antisense oligonucleotides are powerful molecules for regulating gene expression at submicron spatial resolution through the focal modulation of endogenous cellular processes. Cyclized caged oligos are particularly promising structures because of their inherent stability and similarity to naturally occurring circular DNA and RNA molecules. Here, we introduce an efficient route for cyclizing an antisense oligodeoxynucleotide incorporating a photocleavable linker. Oligo cyclization was achieved for several sequences in nearly quantitative yields through intramolecular copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). Caging stability and light activation were characterized by FRET efficiency, denaturing gel assay, and melting temperature measurements. Finally, a cyclized caged oligo was designed to target gfap, and it gave a tenfold reduction in glial fibrillary acidic protein upon photoactivation in astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6323, USA
| | - Hyun Bum Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, 38 John Morgan Building, 3620 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6084, USA
| | - Jai-Yoon Sul
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, 38 John Morgan Building, 3620 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6084, USA
| | - Sean B Yeldell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6323, USA
| | - James H Eberwine
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, 38 John Morgan Building, 3620 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6084, USA
| | - Ivan J Dmochowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6323, USA
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17
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Abstract
In this study, we report incorporation of a covalent linker at the anomeric position of N-azidoacetylmannosamine (ManNAz) for caging its metabolic process. We synthesized a DT-diaphorase-responsive metabolic precursor, HQ-NN-AAM, using an optimized linker. The caged metabolite showed responsiveness to DT-diaphorase in vitro, resulting in metabolic incorporation of an azido sugar into the cell surface in multiple cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibo Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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18
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Bacsa I, Konc C, Orosz AB, Kecskeméti G, Rigó R, Özvegy-Laczka C, Mernyák E. Synthesis of Novel C-2- or C-15-Labeled BODIPY-Estrone Conjugates. Molecules 2018; 23:E821. [PMID: 29614041 PMCID: PMC6017578 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel BODIPY-estrone conjugates were synthesized via Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). Estrone-alkynes or an estrone-azide as starting compounds were synthesized via Michael addition or Sonogashira reaction as key steps. Fluorescent dyes based on BODIPY-core were provided by azide or alkyne functional groups. Fluorescent labeling of estrone was efficiently achieved at the C-2 or C-15 position. The newly-elaborated coupling procedures might have a broad applicability in the synthesis of fluorescent-labeled estrone conjugates suitable for biological assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildikó Bacsa
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Csilla Konc
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Anna Boglárka Orosz
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Gábor Kecskeméti
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Réka Rigó
- Membrane protein research group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Csilla Özvegy-Laczka
- Membrane protein research group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Erzsébet Mernyák
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
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19
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Pickens CJ, Johnson SN, Pressnall MM, Leon MA, Berkland CJ. Practical Considerations, Challenges, and Limitations of Bioconjugation via Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:686-701. [PMID: 29287474 PMCID: PMC6310217 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Interrogating biological systems is often limited by access to biological probes. The emergence of "click chemistry" has revolutionized bioconjugate chemistry by providing facile reaction conditions amenable to both biologic molecules and small molecule probes such as fluorophores, toxins, or therapeutics. One particularly popular version is the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (AAC) reaction, which has spawned new alternatives such as the strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction, among others. This focused review highlights practical approaches to AAC reactions for the synthesis of peptide or protein bioconjugates and contrasts current challenges and limitations in light of recent advances in the field. The conical success of antibody drug conjugates has expanded the toolbox of linkers and payloads to facilitate practical applications of bioconjugation to create novel therapeutics and biologic probes. The AAC reaction in particular is poised to enable a large set of functionalized molecules as a combinatorial approach to high-throughput bioconjugate generation, screening, and honing of lead compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad J Pickens
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , University of Kansas , 2095 Constant Avenue , Lawrence , Kansas 66047 , United States
| | - Stephanie N Johnson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , University of Kansas , 2095 Constant Avenue , Lawrence , Kansas 66047 , United States
| | - Melissa M Pressnall
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , University of Kansas , 2095 Constant Avenue , Lawrence , Kansas 66047 , United States
| | - Martin A Leon
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kansas , 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive , Lawrence , Kansas 66047 , United States
| | - Cory J Berkland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , University of Kansas , 2095 Constant Avenue , Lawrence , Kansas 66047 , United States
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kansas , 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive , Lawrence , Kansas 66047 , United States
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering , University of Kansas , , 4132 Learned Hall, 1530 W. 15th , Lawrence , Kansas 66045 , United States
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20
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Gilbertson SR, Chen YC, Soto CA, Yang Y, Rice KC, Cunningham KA, Anastasio NC. Synthesis and activity of functionalizable derivatives of the serotonin (5-HT) 5-HT 2A receptor (5-HT 2AR) antagonist M100907. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:1381-1385. [PMID: 29555153 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.02.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The approach of tethering together two known receptor ligands, to be used as molecular probes for the study of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) systems, has proven to be a valuable approach. Selective ligands that possess functionality that can be used to link to other ligands, are useful in the development of novel antagonists and agonists. Such molecules can also be attached to reporter molecules, such as fluorophores, for the study of GPCR dimerization and its role in signaling. The highly selective serotonin (5-HT) 5-HT2A receptor (5-HT2AR) antagonist M100907 (volinanserin) is of clinical interest in the treatment of neurological and mental health disorders. Here, we synthesized the most active (+)-M100907 enantiomer as well as a series of derivatives that possessed either an alkyne or an azide. The triazole resulting from the dipolar cycloaddition of these groups did not interfere with the ability of the bivalent ligand to act as an antagonist. Thus, we have synthesized a number of compounds which will prove useful in elucidating the role of the 5-HT2AR in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott R Gilbertson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States; Center for Addiction Research, United States.
| | - Ying-Chu Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Yaxing Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Kenner C Rice
- Drug Design and Synthesis Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Kathryn A Cunningham
- Center for Addiction Research, United States; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Noelle C Anastasio
- Center for Addiction Research, United States; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
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21
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Abstract
The potential impact of CRISPR/Cas9, TALE, and zinc finger technology is immense, both with respect to their use as tools for understanding the roles and functions of the genomic elements and epigenome modifications in an endogenous context and as new methods for treatment of diseases. Application of such technologies has drawn attention, however, to the prevailing lack of effective delivery methods. Promising viral and non-viral methods both currently fall short when the efficient delivery of large plasmids or multiple plasmids is required. Therefore, the use of TALE and CRISPR platforms has been severely limited in applications where selection methods to increase the relative proportion of treated cells are not applicable, and it represents a significant bottleneck in the further application of these tools as therapeutics.The protocol presented here describes the synthesis of a dendronized polymer as a highly efficient and nontoxic transfection agent. Furthermore, the optimization of the polymer as a co-transfection reagent for large and multiple plasmids in cell lines is described, in addition to general considerations for co-transfection experiments. Usage of this method has allowed for significantly improved large plasmid co-transfection efficiency over Lipofectamine 2000 in multiple cell lines, allowing an improved delivery of CRISPR/dCas9 and TALE systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Kretzmann
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Cameron W Evans
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Marck Norret
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Pilar Blancafort
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, WA, Australia.
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - K Swaminathan Iyer
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.
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22
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Guttenplan APM, Young LJ, Matak-Vinkovic D, Kaminski CF, Knowles TPJ, Itzhaki LS. Nanoscale click-reactive scaffolds from peptide self-assembly. J Nanobiotechnology 2017; 15:70. [PMID: 28985740 PMCID: PMC6389178 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-017-0300-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to their natural tendency to self-assemble, proteins and peptides are important components for organic nanotechnology. One particular class of peptides of recent interest is those that form amyloid fibrils, as this self-assembly results in extremely strong, stable quasi-one-dimensional structures which can be used to organise a wide range of cargo species including proteins and oligonucleotides. However, assembly of peptides already conjugated to proteins is limited to cargo species that do not interfere sterically with the assembly process or misfold under the harsh conditions often used for assembly. Therefore, a general method is needed to conjugate proteins and other molecules to amyloid fibrils after the fibrils have self-assembled. RESULTS Here we have designed an amyloidogenic peptide based on the TTR105-115 fragment of transthyretin to form fibrils that display an alkyne functionality, important for bioorthogonal chemical reactions, on their surface. The fibrils were formed and reacted both with an azide-containing amino acid and with an azide-functionalised dye by the Huisgen cycloaddition, one of the class of "click" reactions. Mass spectrometry and total internal reflection fluorescence optical microscopy were used to show that peptides incorporated into the fibrils reacted with the azide while maintaining the structure of the fibril. These click-functionalised amyloid fibrils have a variety of potential uses in materials and as scaffolds for bionanotechnology. DISCUSSION Although previous studies have produced peptides that can both form amyloid fibrils and undergo "click"-type reactions, this is the first example of amyloid fibrils that can undergo such a reaction after they have been formed. Our approach has the advantage that self-assembly takes place before click functionalization rather than pre-functionalised building blocks self-assembling. Therefore, the molecules used to functionalise the fibril do not themselves have to be exposed to harsh, amyloid-forming conditions. This means that a wider range of proteins can be used as ligands in this process. For instance, the fibrils can be functionalised with a green fluorescent protein that retains its fluorescence after it is attached to the fibrils, whereas this protein loses its fluorescence if it is exposed to the conditions used for aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P. M. Guttenplan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1PD UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW UK
| | - Laurence J. Young
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS UK
| | - Dijana Matak-Vinkovic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW UK
| | - Clemens F. Kaminski
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS UK
| | - Tuomas P. J. Knowles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW UK
| | - Laura S. Itzhaki
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1PD UK
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23
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Jiang H, Lang K, Lu H, Wojtas L, Zhang XP. Asymmetric Radical Bicyclization of Allyl Azidoformates via Cobalt(II)-Based Metalloradical Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:9164-9167. [PMID: 28650659 PMCID: PMC5553632 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b05778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cobalt(II)-based metalloradical catalysis has been successfully applied to radical bicyclization of allyl azidoformates to construct aziridine/oxazolidinone-fused bicyclic structures. The Co(II) complex of D2-symmetric chiral amidoporphyrin 3,5-DitBu-QingPhyrin has been identified as an effective metalloradical catalyst for the intramolecular radical aziridination of this type of carbonyl azides, allowing for high-yielding formation of synthetically useful chiral [3.1.0]-bicyclic aziridines with high diastereo- and enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Kai Lang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Hongjian Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Lukasz Wojtas
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - X. Peter Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
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24
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Abstract
In this paper, we report on the noteworthy attractive interaction between organic azides and the portal carbonyls of cucurbiturils. Five homologous bis-α,ω-azidoethylammonium alkanes were prepared, where the number of methylene groups between the ammonium groups ranges from 4 to 8. Their interactions with cucurbit[6]uril were studied by NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, and computational methods. Remarkably, while the distance between the portal plane and most atoms at the guest end groups increases progressively with the molecular size, the β-nitrogen atoms maintain a constant distance from the portal plane in all homologues, pointing at a strong attractive interaction between the azide group and the portal. Both crystallography and NMR support a specific electrostatic interaction between the carbonyl and the azide β-nitrogen, which stabilizes the canonical resonance form with positive charge on the β-nitrogen and negative charge on the γ-nitrogen. Quantum computational analyses strongly support electrostatics, in the form of orthogonal dipole-dipole interaction, as the main driver for this attraction. The alternative mechanism of n → π* orbital delocalization does not seem to play a significant role in this interaction. The computational studies also indicate that the interaction is not limited to azides, but generalizes to other isoelectronic heteroallene functions, such as isocyanate and isothiocyanate. This essentially unexploited attractive interaction could be more broadly utilized as a tool not only in relation to cucurbituril chemistry, but also for the design of novel supramolecular architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofer Reany
- The Avinoam Adam Department of Natural Sciences, The Open
University of Israel, 1 University Road, Ra’anana 43537, Israel
| | - Amanda Li
- Skaggs School of Pharmaceutic and Pharmaceutical Sciences,
University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California,
USA
| | - Maayan Yefet
- The Schulich faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute
of Technology, Technion city, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Michael K. Gilson
- Skaggs School of Pharmaceutic and Pharmaceutical Sciences,
University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California,
USA
| | - Ehud Keinan
- The Schulich faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute
of Technology, Technion city, 32000 Haifa, Israel
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25
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Clavadetscher J, Hoffmann S, Lilienkampf A, Mackay L, Yusop RM, Rider SA, Mullins JJ, Bradley M. Copper Catalysis in Living Systems and In Situ Drug Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:15662-15666. [PMID: 27860120 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201609837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction has proven to be a pivotal advance in chemical ligation strategies with applications ranging from polymer fabrication to bioconjugation. However, application in vivo has been limited by the inherent toxicity of the copper catalyst. Herein, we report the application of heterogeneous copper catalysts in azide-alkyne cycloaddition processes in biological systems ranging from cells to zebrafish, with reactions spanning from fluorophore activation to the first reported in situ generation of a triazole-containing anticancer agent from two benign components, opening up many new avenues of exploration for CuAAC chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Clavadetscher
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, EH9 3FJ, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Scott Hoffmann
- University of Edinburgh/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, EH16 4TJ, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Annamaria Lilienkampf
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, EH9 3FJ, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Logan Mackay
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, EH9 3FJ, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rahimi M Yusop
- School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sebastien A Rider
- University of Edinburgh/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, EH16 4TJ, Edinburgh, UK
| | - John J Mullins
- University of Edinburgh/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, EH16 4TJ, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mark Bradley
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, EH9 3FJ, Edinburgh, UK
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Abstract
Organic azides are key motifs in compounds of relevance to chemical biology, medicinal chemistry and materials science. In addition, they also serve as useful building blocks due to their remarkable reactivity. Therefore, the development of efficient protocols to synthesize these compounds is of great significance. This paper reviews the major applications and development of azidation in difunctionalization of olefins using azide reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Rd. 38, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Yujie Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Rd. 38, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Ning Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Rd. 38, Beijing 100191, China.
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27
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Abstract
In the last decades, organic azides haven proven to be very useful precursors in organic chemistry, for example in 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions (click-chemistry). Likewise, azides can be introduced into graphene oxide with an almost intact carbon framework, namely oxo-functionalized graphene (oxo-G1), which is a highly oxidized graphene derivative and a powerful precursor for graphene that is suitable for electronic devices. The synthesis of a graphene derivative with exclusively azide groups (graphene azide) is however still a challenge. In comparison also hydrogenated graphene, called graphene or halogenated graphene remain challenging to synthesize. A route to graphene azide would be the desoxygenation of azide functionalized oxo-G1. Here we show how treatment of azide functionalized oxo-G1 with HCl enlarges the π-system and removes strongly adsorbed water and some oxo-functional groups. This development reflects one step towards graphene azide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian E Halbig
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Henkestraße 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Dr.-Mack-Straße 81, 90762 Fürth, Germany.
| | - Philipp Rietsch
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Henkestraße 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Dr.-Mack-Straße 81, 90762 Fürth, Germany.
| | - Siegfried Eigler
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Henkestraße 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Dr.-Mack-Straße 81, 90762 Fürth, Germany.
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Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of luminogenic, bioorthogonal iridium probes is described. These probes exhibit long photoluminescence lifetimes amenable to time-resolved applications. A simple, modular synthesis via 5-azidophenanthroline allows structural variation and allows optimization of cell labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ohata
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA.
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29
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Abstract
Aromatic polyazides are widely used as starting materials in organic synthesis and photochemical studies, as well as photoresists in microelectronics and as cross-linking agents in polymer chemistry. Some aromatic polyazides possess high antitumor activity, while many others are of considerable interest as high-energy materials and precursors of high-spin nitrenes and C3N4 carbon nitride nanomaterials. The use of aromatic polyazides in click-reactions may be a new promising direction in the design of various supramolecular systems possessing interesting chemical, physical and biological properties. This review is devoted to the synthesis, properties and applications of six-membered aromatic compounds containing three and more azido groups in the ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei V Chapyshev
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow Region, Russian.
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30
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Mei KC, Rubio N, Costa PM, Kafa H, Abbate V, Festy F, Bansal SS, Hider RC, Al-Jamal KT. Synthesis of double-clickable functionalised graphene oxide for biological applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:14981-4. [PMID: 26295072 PMCID: PMC4594119 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc05412e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Azide- and alkyne-double functionalised graphene oxide (Click(2) GO) was synthesised and characterised with attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Raman spectroscopy. Fourteen-percentage increase in azide content was found, after pre-treatment of GO with meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (mCPBA), determined with elemental analysis. No effect on A549 cell viability was found, up to 100 μg mL(-1) and 72 h of incubation, determined with the modified lactate dehydrogenase (mLDH) assay. Two sequential copper(i) catalysed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reactions were performed to conjugate the propargyl-modified blood-brain barrier targeting peptide Angiopep-2, and a bis-azide polyethylene glycol (MW = 3500), to the Click(2) GO. The final conjugate was characterised with ATR-FTIR and TGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Ching Mei
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science , King's College London , Franklin-Wilkins Building , 150 Stamford Street , London SE1 9NH , UK .
| | - Noelia Rubio
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science , King's College London , Franklin-Wilkins Building , 150 Stamford Street , London SE1 9NH , UK .
| | - Pedro M. Costa
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science , King's College London , Franklin-Wilkins Building , 150 Stamford Street , London SE1 9NH , UK .
| | - Houmam Kafa
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science , King's College London , Franklin-Wilkins Building , 150 Stamford Street , London SE1 9NH , UK .
| | - Vincenzo Abbate
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science , King's College London , Franklin-Wilkins Building , 150 Stamford Street , London SE1 9NH , UK .
| | - Frederic Festy
- Biomaterials and Biomimetics Department , King's College London Dental Institute , London SE1 9RT , UK
| | - Sukhvinder S. Bansal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science , King's College London , Franklin-Wilkins Building , 150 Stamford Street , London SE1 9NH , UK .
| | - Robert C. Hider
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science , King's College London , Franklin-Wilkins Building , 150 Stamford Street , London SE1 9NH , UK .
| | - Khuloud T. Al-Jamal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science , King's College London , Franklin-Wilkins Building , 150 Stamford Street , London SE1 9NH , UK .
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Faiz S, Zahoor AF, Rasool N, Yousaf M, Mansha A, Zia-Ul-Haq M, Jaafar HZE. Synthesis and Consecutive Reactions of α-Azido Ketones: A Review. Molecules 2015; 20:14699-745. [PMID: 26287135 PMCID: PMC6331884 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200814699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This review paper covers the major synthetic approaches attempted towards the synthesis of α-azido ketones, as well as the synthetic applications/consecutive reactions of α-azido ketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Faiz
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad-38000, Pakistan.
| | - Ameer Fawad Zahoor
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad-38000, Pakistan.
| | - Nasir Rasool
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad-38000, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Yousaf
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad-38000, Pakistan.
| | - Asim Mansha
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad-38000, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Zia-Ul-Haq
- Office of Research, Innovation and Commercialization, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore-54600, Pakistan.
| | - Hawa Z E Jaafar
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang-43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
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32
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Tropiano M, Kenwright AM, Faulkner S. Lanthanide complexes of azidophenacyl-DO3A as new synthons for click chemistry and the synthesis of heterometallic lanthanide arrays. Chemistry 2015; 21:5697-9. [PMID: 25754928 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lanthanide complexes of azidophenacyl DO3A are effective substrates for click reactions with ethyne derivatives, giving rise to aryl triazole appended lanthanide complexes, in which the aryl triazole acts as an effective sensitising chromophore for lanthanide luminescence. They also undergo click chemistry with propargylDO3A derivatives, giving rise to heterometallic complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Tropiano
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA (UK)
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33
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Moon D, Choi JH. Synthesis, conformational structure and spectroscopic properties of trans-diazidobis(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine)chromium(III) perchlorate. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2015; 138:774-779. [PMID: 25544193 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.11.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A new complex trans-anti-[Cr(Me2tn)2(N3)2]ClO4·2H2O, where Me2tn=2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine was synthesized and characterized, and its molecular structure was established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction at 95K. The complex crystallized in the space group C2/c of the monoclinic system with four mononuclear formula units in a cell of dimensions a=16.600 (3), b=7.709 (2), c=16.865 (3)Å, and β=99.07 (3)°. The chromium(III) atom was in a distorted octahedral coordination with four N atoms of two chelating Me2tn ligands and two N atoms of the azido group in the trans axial position. The two six-membered rings in the complex adopted only anti chair-chair conformations with respect to each other The important bond lengths are CrN(azide) 2.007 (2), CrN(Me2tn) 2.081 (2), 2.082 (2), NN(azide) 1.184 (2) and 1.156 (2)Å, respectively. The crystal lattice is stabilized by hydrogen bonding interactions among the ClO4(-), hydrate molecule, N3(-), and NH groups of the Me2tn ligand. The ligand field analysis as well as the IR and electronic spectral properties were described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dohyun Moon
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, POSTECH, Pohang 790-784, South Korea
| | - Jong-Ha Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Andong National University, Andong 760-749, South Korea.
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34
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Oakdale JS, Sit RK, Fokin VV. Ruthenium-catalyzed cycloadditions of 1-haloalkynes with nitrile oxides and organic azides: synthesis of 4-haloisoxazoles and 5-halotriazoles. Chemistry 2014; 20:11101-10. [PMID: 25059647 PMCID: PMC4442801 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
(Cyclopentadienyl)(cyclooctadiene) ruthenium(II) chloride [CpRuCl(cod)] catalyzes the reaction between nitrile oxides and electronically deficient 1-choro-, 1-bromo-, and 1-iodoalkynes leading to 4-haloisoxazoles. Organic azides are also suitable 1,3-dipoles, resulting in 5-halo-1,2,3-triazoles. These air-tolerant reactions can be performed at room temperature with 1.25 equivalents of the respective 1,3-dipole relative to the alkyne component. Reactive 1-haloalkynes include propiolic amides, esters, ketones, and phosphonates. Post-functionalization of the halogenated azole products can be accomplished by using palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions and by manipulation of reactive amide groups. The lack of catalysis observed with [Cp*RuCl(cod)] (Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) is attributed to steric demands of the Cp* (η(5)-C5Me5) ligand in comparison to the parent Cp (η(5)-C5H5). This hypothesis is supported by the poor reactivity of [(η(5)-C5Me4CF3)RuCl(cod)], which serves as a an isosteric mimic of Cp* and as an isoelectronic analogue of Cp.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S. Oakdale
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA), Fax: (+1) 858-784-7562
| | - Rakesh K. Sit
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA), Fax: (+1) 858-784-7562
| | - Valery V. Fokin
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA), Fax: (+1) 858-784-7562
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35
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Ackermann U, Plougastel L, Goh YW, Yeoh SD, Scott AM. Improved synthesis of [(18)F]FLETT via a fully automated vacuum distillation method for [(18)F]2-fluoroethyl azide purification. Appl Radiat Isot 2014; 94:72-76. [PMID: 25113535 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of [(18)F]2-fluoroethyl azide and its subsequent click reaction with 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EDU) to form [(18)F]FLETT was performed using an iPhase FlexLab module. The implementation of a vacuum distillation method afforded [(18)F]2-fluoroethyl azide in 87±5.3% radiochemical yield. The use of Cu(CH3CN)4PF6 and TBTA as catalyst enabled us to fully automate the [(18)F]FLETT synthesis without the need for the operator to enter the radiation field. [(18)F]FLETT was produced in higher overall yield (41.3±6.5%) and shorter synthesis time (67min) than with our previously reported manual method (32.5±2.5% in 130min).
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Ackermann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PET, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne Branch, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Yit Wooi Goh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PET, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Shinn Dee Yeoh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PET, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew M Scott
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PET, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne Branch, VIC, Australia
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36
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Zhou F, Driver TG. Efficient synthesis of 3H-indoles enabled by the lead-mediated α-arylation of β-ketoesters or γ-lactams using aryl azides. Org Lett 2014; 16:2916-9. [PMID: 24865180 PMCID: PMC4059265 DOI: 10.1021/ol5010615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of a lead-mediated α-arylation reaction between aryl azides and β-ketoesters or γ-lactams that facilitates the formation of 3H-indoles is disclosed. Twenty-five examples are included which demonstrate the generality of this reaction to access aryl azides bearing tetrasubstituted o-alkyl substituents. When paired with a Staudinger reduction, this reaction streamlines the synthesis of functionalized 3H-indoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061, United States
| | - Tom G. Driver
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061, United States
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37
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Peterson TV, Streamland TUB, Awad AM. A tractable and efficient one-pot synthesis of 5'-Azido-5'-deoxyribonucleosides. Molecules 2014; 19:2434-44. [PMID: 24566312 PMCID: PMC6271112 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19022434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic routes to 5'-azidoribonucleosides are reported for adenosine, cytidine, guanosine, and uridine, resulting in a widely applicable one-pot methodology for the synthesis of these and related compounds. The target compounds are appropriate as precursors in a variety of purposive syntheses, as the synthetic and therapeutic relevance of azido- and amino-modified nucleosides is expansive. Furthermore, in the conversion of alcohols to azides, these methods offer a tractable alternative to the Mitsunobu and other more difficult reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore V Peterson
- Chemistry Program, California State University Channel Islands, One University Drive, Camarillo, CA 93012, USA.
| | - Tobin U B Streamland
- Chemistry Program, California State University Channel Islands, One University Drive, Camarillo, CA 93012, USA.
| | - Ahmed M Awad
- Chemistry Program, California State University Channel Islands, One University Drive, Camarillo, CA 93012, USA.
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38
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Goldstein DC, Peterson JR, Cheng YY, Clady RGC, Schmidt TW, Thordarson P. Synthesis and luminescence properties of iridium(III) azide- and triazole-bisterpyridine complexes. Molecules 2013; 18:8959-75. [PMID: 23896620 PMCID: PMC6270445 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18088959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe here the synthesis of azide-functionalised iridium(III) bisterpyridines using the “chemistry on the complex” strategy. The resulting azide-complexes are then used in the copper(I)-catalysed azide-alkyne Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition “click chemistry” reaction to from the corresponding triazole-functionalised iridium(III) bisterpyridines. The photophysical characteristics, including lifetimes, of these compounds were also investigated. Interestingly, oxygen appears to have very little effect on the lifetime of these complexes in aqueous solutions. Unexpectedly, sodium ascorbate acid appears to quench the luminescence of triazole-functionalised iridium(III) bisterpyridines, but this effect can be reversed by the addition of copper(II) sulfate, which is known to oxidize ascorbate under aerobic conditions. The results demonstrate that iridium(III) bisterpyridines can be functionalized for use in “click chemistry” facilitating the use of these photophysically interesting complexes in the modification of polymers or surfaces, to highlight just two possible applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C. Goldstein
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia; E-Mails: (D.C.G.); (J.R.P.)
| | - Joshua R. Peterson
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia; E-Mails: (D.C.G.); (J.R.P.)
| | - Yuen Yap Cheng
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; E-Mails: (Y.Y.C.), (R.G.C.C.); (T.W.S.)
| | - Raphael G. C. Clady
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; E-Mails: (Y.Y.C.), (R.G.C.C.); (T.W.S.)
| | - Timothy W. Schmidt
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; E-Mails: (Y.Y.C.), (R.G.C.C.); (T.W.S.)
| | - Pall Thordarson
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia; E-Mails: (D.C.G.); (J.R.P.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +61-2-9385-54478; Fax: +61-2-9385-6141
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39
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Mazur M, Barras A, Kuncser V, Galatanu A, Zaitzev V, Turcheniuk KV, Woisel P, Lyskawa J, Laure W, Siriwardena A, Boukherroub R, Szunerits S. Iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles with versatile surface functions based on dopamine anchors. Nanoscale 2013; 5:2692-702. [PMID: 23420060 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr33506b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles (MF-MPs) is one of the most active research areas in advanced materials as their multifunctional surfaces allow conjugation of biological and chemical molecules, thus making it possible to achieve target-specific diagnostic in parallel to therapeutics. We report here a simple strategy to integrate in a one-step reaction several reactive sites onto the particles. The preparation of MF-MPs is based on their simultaneous modification with differently functionalized dopamine derivatives using simple solution chemistry. The formed MF-MPs show comparable magnetic properties to those of naked nanoparticles with almost unaltered particle size of around 25 nm. The different termini, amine, azide and maleimide functions, enable further functionalization of MF-MPs by the grafting-on approach. Michael addition, Cu(i) catalyzed « click » chemistry and amidation reactions are performed on the MF-MPs integrating subsequently 6-(ferrocenyl)-hexanethiol, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and mannose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mykola Mazur
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire (IRI, USR 3078 CNRS), Université Lille 1, Parc de Haute Borne, 50 Avenue de Halley, BP 70478, 59658 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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40
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Gassensmith JJ, Erne PM, Paxton WF, Frasconi M, Donakowski MD, Stoddart JF. Patterned assembly of quantum dots onto surfaces modified with click microcontact printing. Adv Mater 2013; 25:223-226. [PMID: 23080379 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201202606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Revised: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly of CdSe quantum dots (QDs) onto a patterned silica surface generated from surface microcontact click printing is presented. The mechanically robust self-assembly process produces patterns of QDs which remain steadfast, even as subsequent reactions are performed on the substrate, demonstrating the utility and ease of this self-assembly process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah J Gassensmith
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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St. Amant AH, Engbers C, Hudson RH. A solid-phase CuAAC strategy for the synthesis of PNA containing nucleobase surrogates. Artif DNA PNA XNA 2013; 4:4-10. [PMID: 23422048 PMCID: PMC3654728 DOI: 10.4161/adna.23982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of an azide containing PNA monomer is described. The monomer was incorporated into two PNA sequences for the purpose of synthesizing an intercalating fluorophore-labeled PNA and a metal binding hairpin using a solid phase copper catalyzed azide-alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition (CuAAC). Click chemistry was performed using 2-ethynylfluorene or 1-ethynylpyrene to add a fluorophore to the PNA, which were tested for their ability to recognize an abasic site on a DNA target. A PNA hairpin possessing azide monomers at each termini was synthesized and reacted with 2-ethynylpyridine to form a hairpin that is stabilized by Ni²⁺.
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Affiliation(s)
- André H. St. Amant
- Department of Chemistry; The University of Western Ontario; London, ON Canada
| | - Christopher Engbers
- Department of Chemistry; The University of Western Ontario; London, ON Canada
| | - Robert H.E. Hudson
- Department of Chemistry; The University of Western Ontario; London, ON Canada
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Popr M, Hybelbauerová S, Jindřich J. Synthesis of 3I-O and 2I-O-monosubstituted derivatives of per-6-azido-β-cyclodextrin-potential molecular scaffolds. Carbohydr Res 2012; 361:148-54. [PMID: 23023041 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2012.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Revised: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Alkylation of per-6-azido-β-cyclodextrin by a suitable electrophilic reagent (cinnamyl bromide or propargyl bromide) gave a mixture of 3(I)-O and 2(I)-O regioisomers. After peracetylation and chromatographic separation on silica gel, pure isomers were isolated. Oxidative cleavage of cinnamyl double bond afforded the corresponding formylmethyl and carboxymethyl derivatives. The prepared scaffold molecules are equipped with two types of reactive groups which have a potential to serve as points of attachment for various compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Popr
- Department of Organic and Nuclear Chemistry, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Hlavova 8, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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Rah B, Amin H, Yousuf K, Khan S, Jamwal G, Mukherjee D, Goswami A. A novel MMP-2 inhibitor 3-azidowithaferin A (3-azidoWA) abrogates cancer cell invasion and angiogenesis by modulating extracellular Par-4. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44039. [PMID: 22962598 PMCID: PMC3433490 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Withaferin A, which is a naturally derived steroidal lactone, has been found to prevent angiogenesis and metastasis in diverse tumor models. It has also been recognized by different groups for prominent anti-carcinogenic roles. However, in spite of these studies on withanolides, their detailed anti-metastatic mechanism of action remained unknown. The current study has poised to address the machinery involved in invasion regulation by stable derivative of Withaferin A, 3-azido Withaferin A (3-azidoWA) in human cervical HeLa and prostate PC-3 cells. METHODS AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Sub-toxic concentration of 3-azidowithaferin A (3-azido WA) inhibited cancer cell motility and invasion in wound healing and Boyden chamber invasion by suppressing MMP-2 activity in gelatin zymography and its expression has proved to be a major obstacle in chemo-sensitivity. We have uncovered a novel mechanism of 3-azidoWA induced extracellular pro-apoptotic candidate tumor suppressor Par-4 protein stimulation in conditioned media and also noticed a concomitant marked reduction in pAkt and pERK signaling by immunoblot analysis. Furthermore, our zymography results suggest 3-azidoWA induced MMP-2 inhibition was mediated through secretory Par-4. The inhibition of apoptosis by 3-azidoWA could not restore MMP-2 gelatinase activity. In addition to this, our in vivo animal experiments data showed 3-azidoWA abrogated neovascularisation in dose dependent manner in mouse Matrigel plug assay. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE For this report, we found that 3-azidoWA suppressed motility and invasion of HeLa and PC-3 cells in MMP-2 dependent manner. Our in vitro result strongly suggests that sub-toxic doses of 3-azidoWA enhanced the secretion of extracellular Par-4 that abolished secretory MMP-2 expression and activity. Depletion of secretory Par-4 restored MMP-2 expression and invasion capability of HeLa and PC-3 cells. Further, our findings implied that 3-azidoWA attenuated internal phospho-ERK and phospho-Akt expression in a dose dependent manner might play a key role in inhibition of mouse angiogenesis by 3-azidoWA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Rah
- Molecular Signal Transduction Laboratory, Cancer Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Jammu Tawi, India
| | - Hina Amin
- Molecular Signal Transduction Laboratory, Cancer Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Jammu Tawi, India
| | - Khalid Yousuf
- Nautral Product Chemistry, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Jammu Tawi, India
| | - Sheema Khan
- Molecular Signal Transduction Laboratory, Cancer Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Jammu Tawi, India
| | - Gayatri Jamwal
- Molecular Signal Transduction Laboratory, Cancer Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Jammu Tawi, India
| | - Debaraj Mukherjee
- Nautral Product Chemistry, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Jammu Tawi, India
| | - Anindya Goswami
- Molecular Signal Transduction Laboratory, Cancer Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Jammu Tawi, India
- * E-mail:
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Eissa AM, Khosravi E, Cimecioglu AL. A versatile method for functionalization and grafting of 2-hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) via Click chemistry. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 90:859-69. [PMID: 22840013 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 06/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This article describes a versatile method for the modification of 2-hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) involving azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction to impart neutral (ester) and ionic (carboxylic acid and 1(ry) amine) functionalities. The synthetic approach involved, first the introduction of the azide functionality to HEC and then followed by its cycloaddition reaction with several alkyne terminated compounds: namely ethyl propiolate, 5-hexynoic acid and propargyl amine. Sequential Click reactions were also demonstrated to be feasible by the successful synthesis of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) grafted HEC containing neutral (ester) and ionic (carboxylic acid and 1(ry) amine) functionalities. The Click chemistry was then further utilized similarly to graft poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) segments to HEC to access its hydrophobic and hydrophilic analogs, respectively. AFM analysis revealed that while HEC itself formed uniform oval features, the PLA grafted HEC exhibited a brushlike architecture. The formation of these brushlike structures suggested that the HEC backbone exhibits an extended conformation with the side chains stretched out. The resulting polymeric materials were characterized by solution and solid state (13)C NMR and FTIR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Eissa
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
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Fortt R, Smith G, Awais RO, Luthra SK, Aboagye EO. Automated GMP synthesis of [(18)F]ICMT-11 for in vivo imaging of caspase-3 activity. Nucl Med Biol 2012; 39:1000-5. [PMID: 22575271 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2012.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Isatin-5-sulfonamide ([(18)F]ICMT-11) is a sub-nanomolar inhibitor of caspase-3 previously evaluated as an apoptosis imaging agent. Herein, an alternative radiosynthesis of [(18)F]ICMT-11 with increased purity and specific activity is presented. Finally, a GMP-applicable automated radiosynthesis of [(18)F]ICMT-11 is described. METHODS The preparation of [(18)F]ICMT-11 was evaluated under a variety of reaction conditions, including reaction solvent, by employing alternative phase transfer catalysts and under different deprotection conditions. Following initial investigations, the process was transferred onto a fully automated GE FASTlab synthesis platform for further development and optimisation. RESULTS The synthesis of [(18)F]ICMT-11 was successfully validated under GMP conditions, resulting in a yield of 4.6 ± 0.4 GBq with a radiochemical purity of >98% at EOS and a specific activity of 685 ± 237 GBq/μmol within 90 min. Quality control was carried out in accordance with the European Pharmacopoeia and demonstrated that [(18)F]ICMT-11 can be consistently manufactured on the FASTlab to meet specifications. CONCLUSIONS A simplified methodology for the synthesis of the apoptosis imaging agent, [(18)F]ICMT-11, has been achieved by the S(N)2 displacement of a tosylate leaving group with [(18)F]fluoride ion. This results in an increased purity and specific activity over the original copper catalysed "Click" synthetic stratagem reaction involving 2-[(18)F]fluoroethylazide with an alkyne precursor and is now suitable for routine clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Fortt
- Hammersmith Imanet Ltd, (part of GE Healthcare), Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
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Yu S, Zhang G, Zhang W, Luo H, Qiu L, Liu Q, Sun D, Wang PG, Wang F. Synthesis and biological activities of a 3'-azido analogue of Doxorubicin against drug-resistant cancer cells. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:3671-3684. [PMID: 22489175 PMCID: PMC3317735 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13033671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX), an anthracycline antibiotic, is one of the most active anticancer chemotherapeutic agents. The clinical use of DOX, however, is limited by the dose-dependant P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-mediated resistance. Herein, a 3'-azido analogue of DOX (ADOX) was prepared from daunorubicin (DNR). ADOX exhibited potent antitumor activities in drug-sensitive (MCF-7 and K562) and drug-resistant cell lines (MCF-7/DNR, K562/DOX), respectively. The drug resistance index (DRI) values of ADOX were much lower than that of DOX. The cytotoxicity experiments of ADOX or DOX against K562/DOX, with or without P-gp inhibitor, indicated that ADOX circumvents resistance by abolishing the P-gp recognition. This conclusion was further supported by drug influx/efflux flow cytometry experiments, as well as by molecular docking of ADOX to P-gp. In vivo animal tests, ADOX exhibited higher activity and less toxicity than DOX. The current data warranted ADOX for additional pre-clinical evaluations for new drug development.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/pharmacology
- Animals
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/chemical synthesis
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/chemical synthesis
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Azides/chemical synthesis
- Azides/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Daunorubicin/analogs & derivatives
- Daunorubicin/chemical synthesis
- Daunorubicin/pharmacology
- Doxorubicin/analogs & derivatives
- Doxorubicin/chemical synthesis
- Doxorubicin/pharmacology
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Drug Resistance, Multiple
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Female
- Humans
- MCF-7 Cells
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Docking Simulation
- Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; E-Mail:
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Ohio 43210, USA; E-Mail:
- Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250011, China; E-Mails: (H.L.); (L.Q.)
| | - Guisheng Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453002, China; E-Mails: (G.Z.); (Q.L.)
| | - Wenpeng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Ohio 43210, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Huanhua Luo
- Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250011, China; E-Mails: (H.L.); (L.Q.)
| | - Liyun Qiu
- Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250011, China; E-Mails: (H.L.); (L.Q.)
| | - Qingfeng Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453002, China; E-Mails: (G.Z.); (Q.L.)
| | - Duxin Sun
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Michigan, Michigan 48109, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Peng-George Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Ohio 43210, USA; E-Mail:
- College of Pharmacy, Nan Kai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Fengshan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; E-Mail:
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D'Anna F, Marullo S, Vitale P, Noto R. Synthesis of aryl azides: a probe reaction to study the synergetic action of ultrasounds and ionic liquids. Ultrason Sonochem 2012; 19:136-142. [PMID: 21757391 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2011.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The combined effect of ultrasounds and ionic liquids was used to perform the synthesis of aryl azides by nucleophilic aromatic substitution in ionic liquid/[1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium][N3] binary mixtures. The ultrasounds efficiency was analyzed as a function of the substrate and of the ionic liquid structure. In the first case, both 6π and 10π electrons aryl halides were considered. As far as the ionic liquid structure is concerned, both aromatic and aliphatic ionic liquids were taken into account. Among aromatic cations, the effects due to different ability in giving hydrogen bond or π-π interactions were considered. The use of a geminal ionic liquid having an aromatic spacer was examined too. On the whole, collected data evidence an activating effect on the target reaction by the combined use of ultrasounds and ionic liquids. The structural order degree of the ionic liquid seems to be the main factor affecting the ultrasounds efficiency. Furthermore, the effects due to changes in the anion structure seem to be more significant than those due to changes in the cation structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca D'Anna
- Dipartimento STEMBIO, Sezione di Chimica Organica E. Paternò, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze-Parco d'Orleans II, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
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Abstract
As carbohydrates play a major role in numerous biological processes through their interactions with lectins and also appear as one of the most crucial post-translational modifications of proteins, chemists have developed several approaches for the design of glycoconjugates based on a series of conjugation methodologies. The recent development of copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuACC) paved the way to a novel conjugation strategy in which azido-functionalized carbohydrate derivatives can be readily connected to alkyne-functionalized (bio)molecules. This so-called "click chemistry" methodology has now found numerous applications both in chemistry and biology. The azido moiety can be introduced either directly at the anomeric carbon of the carbohydrate derivative, or attached to a spacer arm. We describe here the syntheses of 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D: -glucopyranosyl azide as well as 1-azido-3,6-dioxaoct-8-yl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D: -galactopyranoside and 1-azido-3,6-dioxaoct-8-yl 2,3,6,2',3',4',6'-hepta-O-acetyl-β-D: -lactoside. These molecules can then be used in the construction of glycoconjugates to find applications in chemical biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samy Cecioni
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique 2, Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, Glycochimie, UMR5246, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
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Deng L, Norberg O, Uppalapati S, Yan M, Ramström O. Stereoselective synthesis of light-activatable perfluorophenylazide-conjugated carbohydrates for glycoarray fabrication and evaluation of structural effects on protein binding by SPR imaging. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:3188-98. [PMID: 21423935 PMCID: PMC4030401 DOI: 10.1039/c1ob05040k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of light-activatable perfluorophenylazide (PFPA)-conjugated carbohydrate structures have been synthesized and applied to glycoarray fabrication. The glycoconjugates were structurally varied with respect to anomeric attachment, S-, and O-linked carbohydrates, respectively, as well as linker structure and length. Efficient stereoselective synthetic routes were developed, leading to the formation of the PFPA-conjugated structures in good yields over few steps. The use of glycosyl thiols as donors proved especially efficient and provided the final compounds in up to 70% total yield with high anomeric purities. PFPA-based photochemistry was subsequently used to generate carbohydrate arrays on a polymeric surface, and surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) was applied for evaluation of carbohydrate-protein interactions using the plant lectin Concanavalin A (Con A) as a probe. The results indicate better performance and equal efficiency of S- and O-linked structures with intermediate linker length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingquan Deng
- Department of Chemistry, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, S-10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oscar Norberg
- Department of Chemistry, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, S-10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Suji Uppalapati
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, P.O. Box 751, Portland, Oregon, 97207-0751, USA
| | - Mingdi Yan
- Department of Chemistry, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, S-10044, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, P.O. Box 751, Portland, Oregon, 97207-0751, USA
| | - Olof Ramström
- Department of Chemistry, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, S-10044, Stockholm, Sweden
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Aigner M, Hartl M, Fauster K, Steger J, Bister K, Micura R. Chemical synthesis of site-specifically 2'-azido-modified RNA and potential applications for bioconjugation and RNA interference. Chembiochem 2011; 12:47-51. [PMID: 21171007 PMCID: PMC3193913 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201000646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2010] [Revised: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Aigner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences CMBI, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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