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Yoshinaga N, Miyamoto T, Goto M, Tanaka A, Numata K. Phenylboronic Acid-Functionalized Micelles Dual-Targeting Boronic Acid Transporter and Polysaccharides for siRNA Delivery into Brown Algae. JACS Au 2024; 4:1385-1395. [PMID: 38665671 PMCID: PMC11040673 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Brown algae play essential roles ecologically, practically, and evolutionarily because they maintain coastal areas, capture carbon dioxide, and produce valuable chemicals such as therapeutic drugs. To unlock their full potential, understanding the unique molecular biology of brown algae is imperative. Genetic engineering tools that regulate homeostasis in brown algae are essential for determining their biological mechanisms in detail. However, few methodologies have been developed to control gene expression due to the robust structural barriers of brown algae. To address this issue, we designed peptide-based, small interfering RNA (siRNA)-loaded micelles decorated with phenylboronic acid (PBA) ligands. The PBA ligands facilitated the cellular uptake of the micelles into a model brown alga, Ectocarpus siliculosus (E. Siliculosus), through chemical interaction with polysaccharides in the cell wall and biological recognition by boronic acid transporters on the plasma membrane. The micelles, featuring "kill two birds with one stone" ligands, effectively induced gene silencing related to auxin biosynthesis. As a result, the growth of E. siliculosus was temporarily inhibited without persistent genome editing. This study demonstrated the potential for exploring the characteristics of brown algae through a simple yet effective approach and presented a feasible system for delivering siRNA in brown algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Yoshinaga
- Biomacromolecule
Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable
Resource Science, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Institute
for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka-shi, Yamagata 997-0017, Japan
| | - Takaaki Miyamoto
- Biomacromolecule
Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable
Resource Science, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Mami Goto
- Biomacromolecule
Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable
Resource Science, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Atsuko Tanaka
- Department
of Chemistry, Biology and Marine Science, Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nakagami-gun, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Keiji Numata
- Biomacromolecule
Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable
Resource Science, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Institute
for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka-shi, Yamagata 997-0017, Japan
- Department
of Material Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Li C, Zhao W, Hu Z, Yu H. Cholesterol-Modified DNA Nanostructures Serve as Effective Non-Viral Carriers for Delivering siRNA to the Kidneys to Prevent Acute Kidney Injury. Small 2024:e2311690. [PMID: 38377276 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
With the emergence of gene therapy utilizing viral vectors, the potential risks associated with these vectors have prompted increased attention toward non-viral alternatives. DNA nanotechnology enables the assembly of specific oligonucleotide chains into nanostructures possessing defined spatial configurations. Due to their inherent characteristics, DNA nanostructures possess natural advantages as carriers for regulating gene expression in a non-viral manner. Cholesterol modification can convert DNA nanostructures from hydrophilic materials to amphiphilic materials, thereby extending their systemic circulation time. In this study, the high-dimensional design and cholesterol modification are shown to prolong the systemic circulation half-life of DNA nanostructures in mice. Specifically, the tetrahedron structure modified with three cholesterol molecules (TDN-3Chol) exhibit excellent circulation time and demonstrate a preference for renal uptake. The unique characteristics of TDN-3Chol can effectively deliver p53 siRNA to the mouse renal tubular tissue, resulting in successful knockdown of p53 and demonstrating its potential for preventing acute kidney injury. Furthermore, TDN-3Chol is not exhibited significant toxicity in mice, highlighting its promising role as a non-viral vector for targeted gene expression regulation in the kidneys. The designed non-viral vector as a prophylactic medication shows potential in addressing the current clinical challenges associated with nephrotoxic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxun Li
- School of Stomatology & Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wenzhuo Zhao
- School of Stomatology & Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zuojian Hu
- School of Stomatology & Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hongxiu Yu
- School of Stomatology & Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
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Patel P, Midha S, Shukla S, Dhamija D, Bello AO, Khan S. Evaluating the Efficacy of a Small Interfering Ribonucleic Acid Molecule, Givosiran, in Treating Acute Intermittent Porphyria: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e40585. [PMID: 37469824 PMCID: PMC10353265 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is a severe multiorgan dysfunction disorder that can be fatal if not treated promptly. The newest treatment modality involving small interfering RNA (siRNA) molecules, givosiran, is administered for AIP. Although it has very beneficial effects in treating attacks of AIP, it comes with an extensive side effect profile that is not fully understood or studied. Hence, this novel drug model treatment's risk-benefit evaluation is still necessary. For relevant medical literature, we explored medical databases such as PubMed/Medline, PubMed Central, Cochrane Library, Internet Archive Scholar, Google Scholar, and Wiley Online Library. The selected papers were screened based on eligibility criteria and filtered through quality appraisal tools, and 13 finalized research papers were included in the study. Of the 13 identified papers, three were clinical trials, and 10 were review articles. The selected papers all discussed the effectiveness and side effects of givosiran in acute and recurrent attacks of AIP. The research papers showed decreased rates of acute attacks of AIP with givosiran and terminating recurrent attacks. But there are certain non-serious side effects, like fatigue and nausea. Also, there are some severe side effects, like pain. There is limited information on renal and liver function impairment using givosiran and the use of givosiran in patients with kidney and liver disease, for which further studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyansh Patel
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
- Internal Medicine, Medical College Baroda, Baroda, IND
| | - Sidharth Midha
- Radiology, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune, IND
- Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Surmai Shukla
- Medicine and Surgery, Qingdao University College of Medical Science, Qingdao, CHN
- Medicine and Surgery, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Divyanshu Dhamija
- Medicine, Government Medical College Amritsar, Amritsar, IND
- Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Adedamola O Bello
- Psychiatry, St. Martinus University, Pontiac, USA
- Psychiatry, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Safeera Khan
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
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Sharma S, Mahajan SD, Chevli K, Schwartz SA, Aalinkeel R. Nanotherapeutic Approach to Delivery of Chemo- and Gene Therapy for Organ-Confined and Advanced Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst 2023; 40:69-100. [PMID: 37075068 PMCID: PMC11007628 DOI: 10.1615/critrevtherdrugcarriersyst.2022043827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Treatments for late-stage prostate cancer (CaP) have not been very successful. Frequently, advanced CaP progresses to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), with 50#37;-70% of patients developing bone metastases. CaP with bone metastasis-associated clinical complications and treatment resistance presents major clinical challenges. Recent advances in the formulation of clinically applicable nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted attention in the fields of medicine and pharmacology with applications to cancer and infectious and neurological diseases. NPs have been rendered biocompatible, pose little to no toxicity to healthy cells and tissues, and are engineered to carry large therapeutic payloads, including chemo- and genetic therapies. Additionally, if required, targeting specificity can be achieved by chemically coupling aptamers, unique peptide ligands, or monoclonal antibodies to the surface of NPs. Encapsulating toxic drugs within NPs and delivering them specifically to their cellular targets overcomes the problem of systemic toxicity. Encapsulating highly labile genetic therapeutics such as RNA within NPs provides a protective environment for the payload during parenteral administration. The loading efficiencies of NPs have been maximized while the controlled their therapeutic cargos has been released. Theranostic ("treat and see") NPs have developed combining therapy with imaging capabilities to provide real-time, image-guided monitoring of the delivery of their therapeutic payloads. All of these NP accomplishments have been applied to the nanotherapy of late-stage CaP, offering a new opportunity for a previously dismal prognosis. This article gives an update on current developments in the use of nanotechnology for treating late-stage, castration-resistant CaP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Sharma
- Department of Urology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
| | - Supriya D. Mahajan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
| | - Kent Chevli
- Department of Urology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
| | - Stanley A. Schwartz
- Department of Urology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
| | - Ravikumar Aalinkeel
- Department of Urology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
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Aughton K, Sabat-Pośpiech D, Barlow S, Coupland SE, Kalirai H. Investigating the Role of DUSP4 in Uveal Melanoma. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2022; 11:13. [PMID: 36576731 PMCID: PMC9804032 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.11.12.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Dual-specificity phosphatase 4 (DUSP4) inactivates factors in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascade, activated in uveal melanoma (UM) by mutations in upstream G-protein α subunits GNAQ/11 in >90% cases. This study examined whether DUSP4 (1) protein expression in primary UM (pUM) was a biomarker of metastatic risk and (2) knockdown sensitized UM cells to therapeutic agents, selumetinib or doxorubicin. Methods DUSP4 mRNA data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and DUSP4 protein expression examined using immunohistochemistry in 28 cases of pUM were evaluated for association with clinical, genetic, and histological features. In vitro cytotoxic drug assays tested the efficacy of selumetinib and doxorubicin in UM cell lines with/without small interfering RNA DUSP4 gene silencing. Results DUSP4 protein expression was observed in 93% of cases, with strong nuclear positivity in 79%. Despite higher DUSP4 messenger RNA levels in disomy 3/wild-type BAP1 UM, there was no significant association of nDUSP4 protein with these metastatic risk predictors or outcome. DUSP4 expression in UM cell lines varied. DUSP4 silencing in Mel202, MP46, and MP41 cells did not affect ERK1/2 or phospho-ERK levels. Despite increased phospho-ERK levels in Mel285, no cell line showed enhanced sensitivity to selumetinib/doxorubicin. Conclusions DUSP4 protein expression is not a biomarker of UM metastatic risk. DUSP4 plays a complex role in oncogenesis, as reported in other cancers, and further work is required to fully understand its functional role in the MAPK pathway. Translational Relevance Understanding the role of phosphatases, such as DUSP4, in the control of intracellular signaling cascades will facilitate our ability to identify successful treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Aughton
- Liverpool Ocular Oncology Research Group, University of Liverpool, Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Dorota Sabat-Pośpiech
- Liverpool Ocular Oncology Research Group, University of Liverpool, Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Samantha Barlow
- Liverpool Ocular Oncology Research Group, University of Liverpool, Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK,Liverpool Clinical Laboratories, Liverpool University Hospital Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Sarah E. Coupland
- Liverpool Ocular Oncology Research Group, University of Liverpool, Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK,Liverpool Clinical Laboratories, Liverpool University Hospital Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Helen Kalirai
- Liverpool Ocular Oncology Research Group, University of Liverpool, Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK,Liverpool Clinical Laboratories, Liverpool University Hospital Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
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6
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Ma Y, Joyce A, Brandenburg O, Saatchi F, Stevens C, Tcheuyap VT, Christie A, Do QN, Fatunde O, Macchiaroli A, Wong SC, Woolford L, Yousuf Q, Miyata J, Carrillo D, Onabolu O, McKenzie T, Mishra A, Hardy T, He W, Li D, Ivanishev A, Zhang Q, Pedrosa I, Kapur P, Schluep T, Kanner SB, Hamilton J, Brugarolas J. HIF2 Inactivation and Tumor Suppression with a Tumor-Directed RNA-Silencing Drug in Mice and Humans. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:5405-5418. [PMID: 36190432 PMCID: PMC9771962 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-0963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE HIF2α is a key driver of kidney cancer. Using a belzutifan analogue (PT2399), we previously showed in tumorgrafts (TG) that ∼50% of clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCC) are HIF2α dependent. However, prolonged treatment induced resistance mutations, which we also identified in humans. Here, we evaluated a tumor-directed, systemically delivered, siRNA drug (siHIF2) active against wild-type and resistant-mutant HIF2α. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Using our credentialed TG platform, we performed pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analyses evaluating uptake, HIF2α silencing, target gene inactivation, and antitumor activity. Orthogonal RNA-sequencing studies of siHIF2 and PT2399 were pursued to define the HIF2 transcriptome. Analyses were extended to a TG line generated from a study biopsy of a siHIF2 phase I clinical trial (NCT04169711) participant and the corresponding patient, an extensively pretreated individual with rapidly progressive ccRCC and paraneoplastic polycythemia likely evidencing a HIF2 dependency. RESULTS siHIF2 was taken up by ccRCC TGs, effectively depleted HIF2α, deactivated orthogonally defined effector pathways (including Myc and novel E2F pathways), downregulated cell cycle genes, and inhibited tumor growth. Effects on the study subject TG mimicked those in the patient, where HIF2α was silenced in tumor biopsies, circulating erythropoietin was downregulated, polycythemia was suppressed, and a partial response was induced. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first example of functional inactivation of an oncoprotein and tumor suppression with a systemic, tumor-directed, RNA-silencing drug. These studies provide a proof-of-principle of HIF2α inhibition by RNA-targeting drugs in ccRCC and establish a paradigm for tumor-directed RNA-based therapeutics in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqing Ma
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Allison Joyce
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Olivia Brandenburg
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Faeze Saatchi
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Christina Stevens
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Vanina Toffessi Tcheuyap
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Alana Christie
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA,O’Donnell School of Public Health, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Quyen N. Do
- Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA,Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Oluwatomilade Fatunde
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Alyssa Macchiaroli
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - So C. Wong
- Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Layton Woolford
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Qurratulain Yousuf
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey Miyata
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Deyssy Carrillo
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Oreoluwa Onabolu
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Tiffani McKenzie
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Akhilesh Mishra
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Tanner Hardy
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA,Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Wei He
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Daniel Li
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Alexander Ivanishev
- Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA,Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Ivan Pedrosa
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA,Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA,Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA,Department of Urology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Payal Kapur
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA,Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA,Department of Urology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | - James Brugarolas
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA,Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA,Corresponding author James Brugarolas, M.D., Ph.D., University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-8852, Phone: 214-648-4059,
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Paramanantham A, Asfiya R, Das S, McCully G, Srivastava A. Extracellular Vesicle (EVs) Associated Non-Coding RNAs in Lung Cancer and Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13637. [PMID: 36362424 PMCID: PMC9655370 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most lethal forms of cancer, with a very high mortality rate. The precise pathophysiology of lung cancer is not well understood, and pertinent information regarding the initiation and progression of lung cancer is currently a crucial area of scientific investigation. Enhanced knowledge about the disease will lead to the development of potent therapeutic interventions. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound heterogeneous populations of cellular entities that are abundantly produced by all cells in the human body, including the tumor cells. A defined class of EVs called small Extracellular Vesicles (sEVs or exosomes) carries key biomolecules such as RNA, DNA, Proteins and Lipids. Exosomes, therefore, mediate physiological activities and intracellular communication between various cells, including constituent cells of the tumor microenvironment, namely stromal cells, immunological cells, and tumor cells. In recent years, a surge in studying tumor-associated non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) has been observed. Subsequently, studies have also reported that exosomes abundantly carry different species of ncRNAs and these exosomal ncRNAs are functionally involved in cancer initiation and progression. Here, we discuss the function of exosomal ncRNAs, such as miRNAs and long non-coding RNAs, in the pathophysiology of lung tumors. Further, the future application of exosomal-ncRNAs in clinics as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in lung cancer is also discussed due to the multifaceted influence of exosomes on cellular physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjugam Paramanantham
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Rahmat Asfiya
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Siddharth Das
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Grace McCully
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Akhil Srivastava
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
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Milliner DS, Lieske JC. Back to the Future: The Role of Metabolic Studies in Therapeutic Advances. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32:2980-2982. [PMID: 36734820 PMCID: PMC8638383 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2021101325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dawn S. Milliner
- Divison of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - John C. Lieske
- Divison of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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10
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Acute hepatic porphyrias (AHP) are a group of rare diseases that are characterized by episodic acute neurovisceral pain episodes caused by abnormal accumulation of the neurotoxic porphyrin precursor delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA). Patient with frequent recurrent acute attacks have been difficult to treat and these patients sometimes require liver transplantation. Recent developments in small interfering RNA (siRNA)-based therapy led to the development of an effective prophylactic treatment for patients with frequent recurrent attacks. This review will describe treatment options for AHP and highlight management in light of new treatment option. RECENT FINDINGS Givosiran is a novel siRNA-based therapy targeted specifically to hepatocytes to inhibit ALA synthase 1, the first and rate-limiting step in heme biosynthesis. Patients with frequent recurrent attacks treated with givosiran had durable normalization of ALA and significantly reduced numbers of acute attacks and need for hemin treatment. The overall safety profile for givosiran was comparable with placebo and the drug was recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration for treatment of AHP patients. SUMMARY Givosiran is an effective treatment for prevention of acute porphyria attacks in AHP patients with frequent recurrent attacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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11
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Abstract
The discovery of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene marked a milestone in our understanding of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) pathogenesis. VHL inactivation is not only a defining feature of ccRCC, but also the initiating event. Herein, we discuss canonical and noncanonical pVHL functions, as well as breakthroughs shaping our understanding of ccRCC evolution and evolutionary subtypes. We conclude by presenting evolving strategies to therapeutically exploit effector mechanisms downstream of pVHL.
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Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a wound-healing process induced by chronic liver injuries, such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, hepatitis, alcohol abuse, and metal poisoning. The accumulation of excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) in the liver is a key characteristic of liver fibrosis. Activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are the major producers of ECM and therefore play irreplaceably important roles during the progression of liver fibrosis. Liver fibrogenesis is highly correlated with the activation of HSCs, which is regulated by numerous profibrotic cytokines. Using RNA interference to downregulate these cytokines in activated HSCs is a promising strategy to reverse liver fibrosis. Meanwhile, microRNAs (miRNAs) have also been exploited for the treatment of liver fibrosis. This review focuses on the current siRNA- and miRNA-based liver fibrosis treatment strategies by targeting activated HSCs in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhao
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Chien-Yu Lin
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Kun Cheng
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri.
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13
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Ngamcherdtrakul W, Yantasee W. siRNA therapeutics for breast cancer: recent efforts in targeting metastasis, drug resistance, and immune evasion. Transl Res 2019; 214:105-120. [PMID: 31487500 PMCID: PMC6848785 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Small interfering RNA (siRNA) has an established and precise mode of action to achieve protein knockdown. With the ability to target any protein, it is very attractive as a potential therapeutic for a plethora of diseases driven by the (over)expression of certain proteins. Utilizing siRNA to understand and treat cancer, a disease largely driven by genetic aberration, is thus actively investigated. However, the main hurdle for the clinical translation of siRNA therapeutics is to achieve effective delivery of siRNA molecules to tumors and the site of action, the cytosol, within cancer cells. Several nanoparticle delivery platforms for siRNA have been developed. In this Review, we describe recent efforts in developing siRNA therapeutics for the treatment of cancer, with particular emphasis on breast cancer. Instead of conventionally targeting proliferation and apoptosis aspects of tumorigenesis, we focus on recent attempts in targeting cancer's metastasis, drug resistance, and immune evasion, which are considered more challenging and less manageable in clinics with current therapeutic molecules. siRNA can target all proteins, including traditionally undruggable proteins, and is thus poised to address these clinical challenges. Evidence also suggests that siRNA can be superior to antibodies or small molecule inhibitors when inhibiting the same druggable pathway. In addition to cancer cells, the role of the tumor microenvironment has been increasingly appreciated. Components in the tumor microenvironment, particularly immune cells, and thus siRNA-based immunotherapy, are under extensive investigation. Lastly, multiple siRNAs with or without additional drugs can be codelivered on the same nanoparticle to the same target site of action, maximizing their potential synergy while limiting off-target toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wassana Yantasee
- PDX Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Portland, Oregon; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon.
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14
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Hisamatsu T, McGuire M, Wu SY, Rupaimoole R, Pradeep S, Bayraktar E, Noh K, Hu W, Hansen JM, Lyons Y, Gharpure KM, Nagaraja AS, Mangala LS, Mitamura T, Rodriguez-Aguayo C, Eun YG, Rose J, Bartholomeusz G, Ivan C, Lee JS, Matsuo K, Frumovitz M, Wong KK, Lopez-Berestein G, Sood AK. PRKRA/PACT Expression Promotes Chemoresistance of Mucinous Ovarian Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 18:162-172. [PMID: 30305341 PMCID: PMC6318044 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-1050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
For mucinous ovarian cancer (MOC), standard platinum-based therapy is largely ineffective. We sought to identify possible mechanisms of oxaliplatin resistance of MOC and develop strategies to overcome this resistance. A kinome-based siRNA library screen was carried out using human MOC cells to identify novel targets to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy. In vitro and in vivo validations of antitumor effects were performed using mouse MOC models. Specifically, the role of PRKRA/PACT in oxaliplatin resistance was interrogated. We focused on PRKRA, a known activator of PKR kinase, and its encoded protein PACT because it was one of the five most significantly downregulated genes in the siRNA screen. In orthotopic mouse models of MOC, we observed a significant antitumor effect of PRKRA siRNA plus oxaliplatin. In addition, expression of miR-515-3p was regulated by PACT-Dicer interaction, and miR-515-3p increased the sensitivity of MOC to oxaliplatin. Mechanistically, miR-515-3p regulated chemosensitivity, in part, by targeting AXL. The PRKRA/PACT axis represents an important therapeutic target in MOC to enhance sensitivity to oxaliplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Hisamatsu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael McGuire
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sherry Y Wu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Rajesha Rupaimoole
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sunila Pradeep
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Emine Bayraktar
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Kyunghee Noh
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Gene Therapy Research Unit, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jean M Hansen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yasmin Lyons
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Kshipra M Gharpure
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Archana S Nagaraja
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Lingegowda S Mangala
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Takashi Mitamura
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Cristian Rodriguez-Aguayo
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Young Gyu Eun
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Johnathon Rose
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Geoffrey Bartholomeusz
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Cristina Ivan
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ju-Seog Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Koji Matsuo
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Michael Frumovitz
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Kwong K Wong
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Gabriel Lopez-Berestein
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Anil K Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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15
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Abstract
In humans, chronic psychological stress is associated with increased intestinal paracellular permeability and visceral hyperalgesia, which is recapitulated in the chronic intermittent water avoidance stress (WAS) rat model. However, it is unknown whether enhanced visceral pain and permeability are intrinsically linked and correlate. Treatment of rats with lubiprostone during WAS significantly reduced WAS-induced changes in intestinal epithelial paracellular permeability and visceral hyperalgesia in a subpopulation of rats. Lubiprostone also prevented WAS-induced decreases in the epithelial tight junction protein, occludin (Ocln). To address the question of whether the magnitude of visceral pain correlates with the extent of altered intestinal permeability, we measured both end points in the same animal because of well-described individual differences in pain response. Our studies demonstrate that visceral pain and increased colon permeability positively correlate (0.6008, P = 0.0084). Finally, exposure of the distal colon in control animals to Ocln siRNA in vivo revealed that knockdown of Ocln protein inversely correlated with increased paracellular permeability and enhanced visceral pain similar to the levels observed in WAS-responsive rats. These data support that Ocln plays a potentially significant role in the development of stress-induced increased colon permeability. We believe this is the first demonstration that the level of chronic stress-associated visceral hyperalgesia directly correlates with the magnitude of altered colon epithelial paracellular permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - John W. Wiley
- Corresponding Author: John W Wiley, MD, University of Michigan Medical School, 1150 W Medical Center Drive, 9301A MSRB III, Ann Arbor MI 48109-5648, 734-615-6621,
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16
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Guo X, Liu X. Nogo receptor knockdown and ciliary neurotrophic factor attenuate diabetic retinopathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:2030-2036. [PMID: 28656312 PMCID: PMC5562098 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). We investigated whether Nogo receptor (NgR) knockdown and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) treatment, either alone or in combination, ameliorated diabetic retinopathy (DR) in diabetic rat model. STZ‑induced diabetic rats were administrated for a total of 12 weeks with 3 µM siRNA (5 µl) once every 6 weeks and/or 1 µg CNTF weekly. The retinal tissues were excised. We measured cell number in ganglion cell layer (GCL) using H&E staining and cell apoptosis using TUNEL assay. Bax, Bcl‑2, Caspase‑3, F‑actin, GAP‑43, NgR, RhoA and Rock1 levels were then analyzed by Western blotting, Immunohistochemistry or Real‑time PCR. We found that NgR siRNA or CNTF injection alone significantly increased cell count in GCL in diabetic rats, inhibited ganglion cell apoptosis, elevated Bcl‑2, F‑actin and GAP‑43, and decreased Bax, Caspase‑3, NgR, RhoA and Rock1 levels. Combination treatment further prevented retinal ganglion cell loss, enhanced growth cone cytoskeleton and axonal regeneration, and suppressed NgR/RhoA/Rock1. Our results indicate that combination therapy has therapeutic potential for the treatment of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiliang Guo
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Xuezheng Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Dr Xuezheng Liu, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China, E-mail:
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17
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Tao J, Zhang R, Singh S, Poddar M, Xu E, Oertel M, Chen X, Ganesh S, Abrams M, Monga SP. Targeting β-catenin in hepatocellular cancers induced by coexpression of mutant β-catenin and K-Ras in mice. Hepatology 2017; 65:1581-1599. [PMID: 27981621 PMCID: PMC5397318 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Revised: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Recently, we have shown that coexpression of hMet and mutant-β-catenin using sleeping beauty transposon/transposase leads to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in mice that corresponds to around 10% of human HCC. In the current study, we investigate whether Ras activation, which can occur downstream of Met signaling, is sufficient to cause HCC in association with mutant-β-catenin. We also tested therapeutic efficacy of targeting β-catenin in an HCC model. We show that mutant-K-Ras (G12D), which leads to Ras activation, cooperates with β-catenin mutants (S33Y, S45Y) to yield HCC in mice. Affymetrix microarray showed > 90% similarity in gene expression in mutant-K-Ras-β-catenin and Met-β-catenin HCC. K-Ras-β-catenin tumors showed up-regulation of β-catenin targets like glutamine synthetase (GS), leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2, Regucalcin, and Cyclin-D1 and of K-Ras effectors, including phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase, phosphorylated protein kinase B, phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin, phosphorylated eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E, phosphorylated 4E-binding protein 1, and p-S6 ribosomal protein. Inclusion of dominant-negative transcription factor 4 at the time of K-Ras-β-catenin injection prevented HCC and downstream β-catenin and Ras signaling. To address whether targeting β-catenin has any benefit postestablishment of HCC, we administered K-Ras-β-catenin mice with EnCore lipid nanoparticles (LNP) loaded with a Dicer substrate small interfering RNA targeting catenin beta 1 (CTNNB1; CTNNB1-LNP), scrambled sequence (Scr-LNP), or phosphate-buffered saline for multiple cycles. A significant decrease in tumor burden was evident in the CTNNB1-LNP group versus all controls, which was associated with dramatic decreases in β-catenin targets and some K-Ras effectors, leading to reduced tumor cell proliferation and viability. Intriguingly, in relatively few mice, non-GS-positive tumors, which were evident as a small subset of overall tumor burden, were not affected by β-catenin suppression. CONCLUSION Ras activation downstream of c-Met is sufficient to induce clinically relevant HCC in cooperation with mutant β-catenin. β-catenin suppression by a clinically relevant modality is effective in treatment of β-catenin-positive, GS-positive HCCs. (Hepatology 2017;65:1581-1599).
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Tao
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA,Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA,Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Sucha Singh
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA,Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Minakshi Poddar
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA,Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Emily Xu
- Raleigh Charter High School, Raleigh, NC
| | - Michael Oertel
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA,Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University California, San Francisco, CA,Liver Center, University California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Shanthi Ganesh
- Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 87 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, MA
| | - Marc Abrams
- Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 87 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, MA
| | - Satdarshan P. Monga
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA,Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA,Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
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18
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Morry J, Ngamcherdtrakul W, Gu S, Reda M, Castro DJ, Sangvanich T, Gray JW, Yantasee W. Targeted Treatment of Metastatic Breast Cancer by PLK1 siRNA Delivered by an Antioxidant Nanoparticle Platform. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:763-772. [PMID: 28138033 PMCID: PMC5445934 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic breast cancer is developed in about 20% to 30% of newly diagnosed patients with early-stage breast cancer despite treatments. Herein, we report a novel nanoparticle platform with intrinsic antimetastatic properties for the targeted delivery of Polo-like kinase 1 siRNA (siPLK1). We first evaluated it in a triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) model, which shows high metastatic potential. PLK1 was identified as the top therapeutic target for TNBC cells and tumor-initiating cells in a kinome-wide screen. The platform consists of a 50-nm mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSNP) core coated layer-by-layer with bioreducible cross-linked PEI and PEG polymers, conjugated with an antibody for selective uptake into cancer cells. siRNA is loaded last and fully protected under the PEG layer from blood enzymatic degradation. The material has net neutral charge and low nonspecific cytotoxicity. We have also shown for the first time that the MSNP itself inhibited cancer migration and invasion in TNBC cells owing to its ROS- and NOX4-modulating properties. In vivo, siPLK1 nanoconstructs (six doses of 0.5 mg/kg) knocked down about 80% of human PLK1 mRNA expression in metastatic breast cancer cells residing in mouse lungs and reduced tumor incidence and burden in lungs and other organs of an experimental metastasis mouse model. Long-term treatment significantly delayed the onset of death in mice and improved the overall survival. The platform capable of simultaneously inhibiting the proliferative and metastatic hallmarks of cancer progression is unique and has great therapeutic potential to also target other metastatic cancers beyond TNBC. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(4); 763-72. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingga Morry
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Worapol Ngamcherdtrakul
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
- PDX Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Portland, Oregon
| | - Shenda Gu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Moataz Reda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - David J Castro
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
- PDX Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Portland, Oregon
| | - Thanapon Sangvanich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Joe W Gray
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon.
| | - Wassana Yantasee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon.
- PDX Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Portland, Oregon
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19
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Wang LL, Sloand JN, Gaffey AC, Venkataraman CM, Wang Z, Trubelja A, Hammer DA, Atluri P, Burdick JA. Injectable, Guest-Host Assembled Polyethylenimine Hydrogel for siRNA Delivery. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:77-86. [PMID: 27997133 PMCID: PMC10953697 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b01378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
While siRNA has tremendous potential for therapeutic applications, advancement is limited by poor delivery systems. Systemically, siRNAs are rapidly degraded, may have off-target silencing, and necessitate high working concentrations. To overcome this, we developed an injectable, guest-host assembled hydrogel between polyethylenimine (PEI) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) for local siRNA delivery. Guest-host modified polymers assembled with siRNAs to form polyplexes that had improved transfection and viability compared to PEI. At higher concentrations, these polymers assembled into shear-thinning hydrogels that rapidly self-healed. With siRNA encapsulation, the assemblies eroded as polyplexes which were active and transfected cells, observed by Cy3-siRNA uptake or GFP silencing in vitro. When injected into rat myocardium, the hydrogels localized polyplex release, observed by uptake of Cy5.5-siRNA and silencing of GFP for 1 week in a GFP-expressing rat. These results illustrate the potential for this system to be applied for therapeutic siRNA delivery, such as in cardiac pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo L. Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| | - Janna N. Sloand
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| | - Ann C. Gaffey
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| | - Chantel M. Venkataraman
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| | - Zhichun Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Alen Trubelja
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| | - Daniel A. Hammer
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Pavan Atluri
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| | - Jason A. Burdick
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
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20
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Abstract
Gene silencing through RNA interference (RNAi) has emerged as a potential strategy in manipulating cancer causing genes by complementary base-pairing mechanism. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) is an important RNAi tool that has found significant application in cancer therapy. However due to lack of stability, poor cellular uptake and high probability of loss-of-function due to degradation, siRNA therapeutic strategies seek safe and efficient delivery vehicles for in vivo applications. The current review discusses various nanoparticle systems currently used for siRNA delivery for cancer therapy, with emphasis on liposome based gene delivery systems. The discussion also includes various methods availed to improve nanoparticle based-siRNA delivery with target specificity and superior efficiency. Further this review describes challenges and perspectives on the development of safe and efficient nanoparticle based-siRNA-delivery systems for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish Babu
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA, and Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
| | - Ranganayaki Muralidharan
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA, and Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
| | - Narsireddy Amreddy
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA, and Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
| | - Meghna Mehta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA, and Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
| | - Anupama Munshi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA, and Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
| | - Rajagopal Ramesh
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA, and Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA, and Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA ()
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21
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Zhang SF, Zhou Y, Zhang KJ, Luan JJ, Qi SM. [Neuroprotective effect of Nogo-66 receptor silencing in preterm rats with brain injury caused by intrauterine infection]. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2016; 18:1035-1043. [PMID: 27751227 PMCID: PMC7389554 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2016.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of Nogo-66 receptor (NgR) silencing with specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) on brain injury repair in preterm rats with brain injury caused by intrauterine infection and related mechanism of action. METHODS The pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats (with a gestational age of 15 days) were selected, and premature delivery was induced by RU486 or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The preterm rats delivered by those treated with RU486 were selected as the control group. The preterm rats with brain injury caused by intrauterine infection induced by LPS were divided into model, empty vector, and NgR-siRNA groups, with 36 rats in each group. The rats in the control and model groups were given routine feeding only, and those in the empty vector and NgR-siRNA groups were given an injection of lentiviral empty vector or NgR-siRNA lentivirus via the lateral ventricle on postnatal day 1 (P1) and then fed routinely. On P3, P7, and P14, 8 rats in each group were randomly selected and sacrificed to harvest the brain tissue. RT-PCR was used to measure the mRNA expression of NgR. Western blot was used to to measure the protein expression of active RhoA. The immunofluorescence histochemistry was used to determine the degree of activation of microglial cells and the morphology of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to observe the pathological changes in brain tissue. The behavioral score was evaluated on P30. RESULTS On P3, the NgR-siRNA group had significantly lower mRNA expression of NgR and protein expression of active RhoA in brain tissue than the model and empty vector groups (P<0.05). In each group, the mRNA expression of NgR was positively correlated with the protein expression of active RhoA (P<0.05). The results of immunofluorescence histochemistry showed that on P3, the NgR-siRNA group had a significantly reduced fluorescence intensity of the microglial cells labeled with CD11b compared with the model and empty vector groups (P<0.05). The OPCs labeled with O4 antibody in the four groups were mainly presented with tripolar cell morphology. The results of pathological examination showed a normal structure of white matter with clear staining in the periventriclar area in the control group, a loose structure of white matter with disorganized fibers and softening lesions in the model and empty vector groups, and a loose structure of white matter with slightly disorganized fibers, slight gliocyte proliferation, and no significant necrotic lesions in the NgR-siRNA group. As for the behavioral score, compared with the model and empty vector groups, the NgR-siRNA group had a higher score in the suspension test, a longer total activity distance, and greater mean velocity and number of squares crossed, as well as a shorter time of slope test and a shorter time and distance of activity in the central area (P<0.05), while there were no significant differences in these parameters between the NgR-siRNA and control groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS NgR silencing with specific siRNA can effectively silence the expression of NgR in pertem rats with brain injury caused by interauterine infection and has a significant neuroprotective effect in brain injury repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Fa Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, China.
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22
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Zhang SF, Zhou Y, Zhang KJ, Luan JJ, Qi SM. [Neuroprotective effect of Nogo-66 receptor silencing in preterm rats with brain injury caused by intrauterine infection]. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2016; 18:1035-1043. [PMID: 27751227 PMCID: PMC7389554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of Nogo-66 receptor (NgR) silencing with specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) on brain injury repair in preterm rats with brain injury caused by intrauterine infection and related mechanism of action. METHODS The pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats (with a gestational age of 15 days) were selected, and premature delivery was induced by RU486 or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The preterm rats delivered by those treated with RU486 were selected as the control group. The preterm rats with brain injury caused by intrauterine infection induced by LPS were divided into model, empty vector, and NgR-siRNA groups, with 36 rats in each group. The rats in the control and model groups were given routine feeding only, and those in the empty vector and NgR-siRNA groups were given an injection of lentiviral empty vector or NgR-siRNA lentivirus via the lateral ventricle on postnatal day 1 (P1) and then fed routinely. On P3, P7, and P14, 8 rats in each group were randomly selected and sacrificed to harvest the brain tissue. RT-PCR was used to measure the mRNA expression of NgR. Western blot was used to to measure the protein expression of active RhoA. The immunofluorescence histochemistry was used to determine the degree of activation of microglial cells and the morphology of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to observe the pathological changes in brain tissue. The behavioral score was evaluated on P30. RESULTS On P3, the NgR-siRNA group had significantly lower mRNA expression of NgR and protein expression of active RhoA in brain tissue than the model and empty vector groups (P<0.05). In each group, the mRNA expression of NgR was positively correlated with the protein expression of active RhoA (P<0.05). The results of immunofluorescence histochemistry showed that on P3, the NgR-siRNA group had a significantly reduced fluorescence intensity of the microglial cells labeled with CD11b compared with the model and empty vector groups (P<0.05). The OPCs labeled with O4 antibody in the four groups were mainly presented with tripolar cell morphology. The results of pathological examination showed a normal structure of white matter with clear staining in the periventriclar area in the control group, a loose structure of white matter with disorganized fibers and softening lesions in the model and empty vector groups, and a loose structure of white matter with slightly disorganized fibers, slight gliocyte proliferation, and no significant necrotic lesions in the NgR-siRNA group. As for the behavioral score, compared with the model and empty vector groups, the NgR-siRNA group had a higher score in the suspension test, a longer total activity distance, and greater mean velocity and number of squares crossed, as well as a shorter time of slope test and a shorter time and distance of activity in the central area (P<0.05), while there were no significant differences in these parameters between the NgR-siRNA and control groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS NgR silencing with specific siRNA can effectively silence the expression of NgR in pertem rats with brain injury caused by interauterine infection and has a significant neuroprotective effect in brain injury repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Fa Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, China.
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23
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Basha G, Ordobadi M, Scott WR, Cottle A, Liu Y, Wang H, Cullis PR. Lipid Nanoparticle Delivery of siRNA to Osteocytes Leads to Effective Silencing of SOST and Inhibition of Sclerostin In Vivo. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 2016; 5:e363. [PMID: 27623445 PMCID: PMC5056992 DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2016.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Sclerostin is a protein secreted by osteocytes that is encoded by the SOST gene; it decreases bone formation by reducing osteoblast differentiation through inhibition of the Wnt signaling pathway. Silencing the SOST gene using RNA interference (RNAi) could therefore be an effective way to treat osteoporosis. Here, we investigate the utility of lipid nanoparticle (LNP) formulations of siRNA to silence the SOST gene in vitro and in vivo. It is shown that primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) provide a useful model system in which the SOST gene can be induced by incubation in osteogenic media, allowing development of optimized SOST siRNA for silencing the SOST gene. Incubation of MEF cells with LNP containing optimized SOST siRNA produced significant, prolonged knockdown of the induced SOST gene in vitro, which was associated with an increase in osteogenic markers. Intravenous (i.v.) administration of LNP containing SOST siRNA to mice showed significant accumulation of LNP in osteocytes in compact bone, depletion of SOST mRNA and subsequent reduction of circulating sclerostin protein, establishing the potential utility for LNP siRNA systems to promote bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genc Basha
- NanoMedicines Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mina Ordobadi
- NanoMedicines Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Wilder R Scott
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andrew Cottle
- NanoMedicines Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yan Liu
- NanoMedicines Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Haitang Wang
- NanoMedicines Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Pieter R Cullis
- NanoMedicines Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Wei M, Zhang YL, Chen L, Cai CX, Wang HD. [RNA interference of HERC4 inhibits proliferation, apoptosis and migration of cervical cancer Hela cells]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2016; 37:232-237. [PMID: 28219869 PMCID: PMC6779654 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4254.2017.02.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effects of silencing HERC4 on the proliferation, apoptosis, and migration of cervical cancer cell line Hela and the possible molecular mechanisms. METHODS Three HERC4-specific small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) were transfected into Hela cells, and HERC4 expression in the cells was examined with Western blotting. CCK-8 assay, annexin V-FITC/PI assay, and wound healing assay were used to assess the effect of HERC4 silencing on the proliferation, apoptosis and migration ability of Hela cells. The expression levels of cyclin D1 and Bcl-2 in the cells were detected using Western blotting. RESULTS Transfection of siRNA-3 resulted in significantly decreased HERC4 protein expression (P<0.01). HERC4 silencing by siRNA-3 markedly suppressed the proliferation and migration of Hela cells, increased the apoptosis rate (P<0.01) and reduced the expression levels of cyclin D1 and Bcl-2 (P<0.01). CONCLUSION Silencing of HERC4 efficiently inhibits the proliferation, migration, and invasion of Hela cells in vitro, and the underlying mechanisms may involve the down-regulation of cyclin D1 and Bcl-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wei
- Clinical Laboratory, Nanshan Maternity Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen 518067, China. E-mail:
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25
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Perepelyuk M, Thangavel C, Liu Y, Den RB, Lu B, Snook AE, Shoyele SA. Biodistribution and Pharmacokinetics Study of siRNA-loaded Anti-NTSR1-mAb-functionalized Novel Hybrid Nanoparticles in a Metastatic Orthotopic Murine Lung Cancer Model. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 2016; 5:e282. [PMID: 26812654 PMCID: PMC5012553 DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2015.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Small interfering RNA (siRNA) is effective in silencing critical molecular pathways in cancer. The use of this tool as a treatment modality is limited by lack of an intelligent carrier system to enhance the preferential delivery of this molecule to specific targets in vivo. In the present study, the in vivo behavior of novel anti-NTSR1-mAb-functionalized antimutant K-ras siRNA-loaded hybrid nanoparticles, delivered by i.p. injection to non-small-cell lung cancer in mice models, was investigated and compared to that of a naked siRNA formulation. The siRNA in anti-NTSR1-mAb-functionalized hybrid nanoparticles was preferentially accumulated in tumor-bearing lungs and metastasized tumor for at least 48 hours while the naked siRNA formulation showed lack of preferential accumulation in all of the organs monitored. The plasma terminal half-life of nanoparticle-delivered siRNA was 11 times higher (17-1.5 hours) than that of the naked siRNA formulation. The mean residence time and AUClast were 3.4 and 33 times higher than the corresponding naked siRNA formulation, respectively. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that the hybrid nanoparticle carrier system protected the encapsulated siRNA against degradation in vivo. Our novel anti-NTSR1-mAb-functionalized hybrid nanoparticles provide a useful platform for in vivo targeting of siRNA for both experimental and clinical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryna Perepelyuk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Yi Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert B Den
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bo Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Adam E Snook
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sunday A Shoyele
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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26
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Jo MH, Song JJ, Hohng S. Single-molecule fluorescence measurements reveal the reaction mechanisms of the core RISC, composed of human Argonaute 2 and a guide RNA. BMB Rep 2015; 48:643-4. [PMID: 26592935 PMCID: PMC4791318 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2015.48.12.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In eukaryotes, small RNAs play important roles in both gene regulation and resistance to viral infection. Argonaute proteins have been identified as a key component of the effector complexes of various RNA-silencing pathways, but the mechanistic roles of Argonaute proteins in these pathways are not clearly understood. To address this question, we performed single-molecule fluorescence experiments using an RNA-induced silencing complex (core-RISC) composed of a small RNA and human Argonaute 2. We found that target binding of core-RISC starts at the seed region of the guide RNA. After target binding, four distinct reactions followed: target cleavage, transient binding, stable binding, and Argonaute unloading. Target cleavage required extensive sequence complementarity and accelerated core-RISC dissociation for recycling. In contrast, the stable binding of core-RISC to target RNAs required seed-match only, suggesting a potential explanation for the seed-match rule of microRNA (miRNA) target selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung Hyun Jo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- Institute of Applied Physics
- National Center of Creative Research Initiatives
| | - Ji-Joon Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Sungchul Hohng
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- Institute of Applied Physics
- National Center of Creative Research Initiatives
- Department of Biophysics and Chemical Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826
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27
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Calvente CJ, Sehgal A, Popov Y, Kim YO, Zevallos V, Sahin U, Diken M, Schuppan D. Specific hepatic delivery of procollagen α1(I) small interfering RNA in lipid-like nanoparticles resolves liver fibrosis. Hepatology 2015; 62:1285-97. [PMID: 26096209 PMCID: PMC4589454 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Fibrosis accompanies the wound-healing response to chronic liver injury and is characterized by excessive hepatic collagen accumulation dominated by collagen type I. Fibrosis often progresses to cirrhosis. Here we present in vivo evidence of an up to 90% suppression of procollagen α1(I) expression, a reduction of septa formation, and a 40%-60% decrease of collagen deposition in mice with progressive and advanced liver fibrosis that received cationic lipid nanoparticles loaded with small interfering RNA to the procollagen α1(I) gene. After intravenous injection, up to 90% of lipid nanoparticles loaded with small interfering RNA to the procollagen α1(I) gene were retained in the liver of fibrotic mice and accumulated in nonparenchymal more than parenchymal cells for prolonged periods, significantly ameliorating progression and accelerating regression of fibrosis. CONCLUSION Our lipid nanoparticles loaded with small interfering RNA to the procollagen α1(I) gene specifically reduce total hepatic collagen content without detectable side effects, potentially qualifying as a therapy for fibrotic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Jiménez Calvente
- Institute of Translational Immunology, University of Mainz Medical Center, Mainz, Germany,Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University of Mainz Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Yury Popov
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Yong Ook Kim
- Institute of Translational Immunology, University of Mainz Medical Center, Mainz, Germany,Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University of Mainz Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Victor Zevallos
- Institute of Translational Immunology, University of Mainz Medical Center, Mainz, Germany,Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University of Mainz Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ugur Sahin
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University of Mainz Medical Center, Mainz, Germany,Center of Translational Oncology (TRON), Mainz, Germany
| | - Mustafa Diken
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University of Mainz Medical Center, Mainz, Germany,Center of Translational Oncology (TRON), Mainz, Germany
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Institute of Translational Immunology, University of Mainz Medical Center, Mainz, Germany,Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University of Mainz Medical Center, Mainz, Germany,Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA,Corresponding author: Detlef Schuppan, Institute of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstraβe 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany. Tel: +49-6131-177356, Fax: +49-6131-177357.
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28
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Gerard E, Spengler RN, Bonoiu AC, Mahajan SD, Davidson BA, Ding H, Kumar R, Prasad PN, Knight PR, Ignatowski TA. Chronic constriction injury-induced nociception is relieved by nanomedicine-mediated decrease of rat hippocampal tumor necrosis factor. Pain 2015; 156:1320-1333. [PMID: 25851457 PMCID: PMC4474806 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a chronic pain syndrome that arises from nerve injury. Current treatments only offer limited relief, clearly indicating the need for more effective therapeutic strategies. Previously, we demonstrated that proinflammatory tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) is a key mediator of neuropathic pain pathogenesis; TNF is elevated at sites of neuronal injury, in the spinal cord, and supraspinally during the initial development of pain. The inhibition of TNF action along pain pathways outside higher brain centers results in transient decreases in pain perception. The objective of this study was to determine whether specific blockade of TNF in the hippocampus, a site of pain integration, could prove efficacious in reducing sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced pain behavior. Small inhibitory RNA directed against TNF mRNA was complexed to gold nanorods (GNR-TNF siRNA; TNF nanoplexes) and injected into the contralateral hippocampus of rats 4 days after unilateral CCI. Withdrawal latencies to a noxious thermal stimulus (hyperalgesia) and withdrawal to innocuous forces (allodynia) were recorded up to 10 days and compared with baseline values and sham-operated rats. Thermal hyperalgesia was dramatically decreased in CCI rats receiving hippocampal TNF nanoplexes; and mechanical allodynia was transiently relieved. TNF levels (bioactive protein, TNF immunoreactivity) in hippocampal tissue were decreased. The observation that TNF nanoplex injection into the hippocampus alleviated neuropathic pain-like behavior advances our previous findings that hippocampal TNF levels modulate pain perception. These data provide evidence that targeting TNF in the brain using nanoparticle-protected siRNA may be an effective strategy for treatment of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Gerard
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York
| | | | - Adela C. Bonoiu
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York
| | - Supriya D. Mahajan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York
| | - Bruce A. Davidson
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York
- NanoAxis, LLC, Clarence, New York 14031
- Department of Anesthesiology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York
- Veterans Administration Western New York Healthcare System
| | - Hong Ding
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York
| | - Paras N. Prasad
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York
| | - Paul R. Knight
- NanoAxis, LLC, Clarence, New York 14031
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics, and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York
- Department of Anesthesiology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York
- Veterans Administration Western New York Healthcare System
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York
| | - Tracey A. Ignatowski
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York
- NanoAxis, LLC, Clarence, New York 14031
- Program for Neuroscience, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York
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Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease leading to cell death of predominantly motor neurons. Despite extensive research in this disease, finding a way to slow the progress of the disease has been challenging. RNA-targeted therapeutic approaches, including small interfering RNA and antisense oligonucleotides are being developed for genetic forms of ALS. ALS provides an unique opportunity for the use of RNA inhibition strategies given a well-defined animal model, extensive available information regarding the causative genes, and recent experience in phase 1 clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linga V. Reddy
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, 660 S. Euclid, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Timothy M. Miller
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, 660 S. Euclid, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
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30
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Clavel M, Pélissier T, Descombin J, Jean V, Picart C, Charbonel C, Saez-Vásquez J, Bousquet-Antonelli C, Deragon JM. Parallel action of AtDRB2 and RdDM in the control of transposable element expression. BMC Plant Biol 2015; 15:70. [PMID: 25849103 PMCID: PMC4351826 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-015-0455-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In plants and animals, a large number of double-stranded RNA binding proteins (DRBs) have been shown to act as non-catalytic cofactors of DICERs and to participate in the biogenesis of small RNAs involved in RNA silencing. We have previously shown that the loss of Arabidopsis thaliana's DRB2 protein results in a significant increase in the population of RNA polymerase IV (p4) dependent siRNAs, which are involved in the RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) process. RESULTS Surprisingly, despite this observation, we show in this work that DRB2 is part of a high molecular weight complex that does not involve RdDM actors but several chromatin regulator proteins, such as MSI4, PRMT4B and HDA19. We show that DRB2 can bind transposable element (TE) transcripts in vivo but that drb2 mutants do not have a significant variation in TE DNA methylation. CONCLUSION We propose that DRB2 is part of a repressive epigenetic regulator complex involved in a negative feedback loop, adjusting epigenetic state to transcription level at TE loci, in parallel of the RdDM pathway. Loss of DRB2 would mainly result in an increased production of TE transcripts, readily converted in p4-siRNAs by the RdDM machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Clavel
- />Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, LGDP UMR CNRS-UPVD 5096, 58 Av. Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan Cedex, France
- />CNRS UMR5096 LGDP, Perpignan Cedex, France
- />Present address: IBMP, UPR 2357, 12, rue du général Zimmer, 67084 Strasbourg cedex, France
| | - Thierry Pélissier
- />Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, LGDP UMR CNRS-UPVD 5096, 58 Av. Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan Cedex, France
- />CNRS UMR5096 LGDP, Perpignan Cedex, France
- />Present address: UMR6293 CNRS - INSERM U1103 – GreD, Clermont Université, 24 avenue des Landais, B.P. 80026, 63171 Aubière Cedex, France
| | - Julie Descombin
- />Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, LGDP UMR CNRS-UPVD 5096, 58 Av. Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan Cedex, France
- />CNRS UMR5096 LGDP, Perpignan Cedex, France
| | - Viviane Jean
- />Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, LGDP UMR CNRS-UPVD 5096, 58 Av. Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan Cedex, France
- />CNRS UMR5096 LGDP, Perpignan Cedex, France
| | - Claire Picart
- />Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, LGDP UMR CNRS-UPVD 5096, 58 Av. Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan Cedex, France
- />CNRS UMR5096 LGDP, Perpignan Cedex, France
| | - Cyril Charbonel
- />Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, LGDP UMR CNRS-UPVD 5096, 58 Av. Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan Cedex, France
- />CNRS UMR5096 LGDP, Perpignan Cedex, France
| | - Julio Saez-Vásquez
- />Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, LGDP UMR CNRS-UPVD 5096, 58 Av. Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan Cedex, France
- />CNRS UMR5096 LGDP, Perpignan Cedex, France
| | - Cécile Bousquet-Antonelli
- />Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, LGDP UMR CNRS-UPVD 5096, 58 Av. Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan Cedex, France
- />CNRS UMR5096 LGDP, Perpignan Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Marc Deragon
- />Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, LGDP UMR CNRS-UPVD 5096, 58 Av. Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan Cedex, France
- />CNRS UMR5096 LGDP, Perpignan Cedex, France
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Posch C, Latorre A, Crosby MB, Celli A, Latorre A, Vujic I, Sanlorenzo M, Green GA, Weier J, Zekhtser M, Ma J, Monico G, Char DH, Jusufbegovic D, Rappersberger K, Somoza Á, Ortiz-Urda S. Detection of GNAQ mutations and reduction of cell viability in uveal melanoma cells with functionalized gold nanoparticles. Biomed Microdevices 2015; 17:15. [PMID: 25653058 PMCID: PMC4586106 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-014-9908-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults. Early treatment may improve any chances of preventing metastatic disease, but diagnosis of small UM is challenging. Up to 95 % of all UMs carry somatic mutations in the G-coupled proteins GNAQ and GNA11 promoting anchorage-independent growth and proliferation. About 50 % of UMs are fatal. Once metastatic, patients have limited options for successful therapy. METHODS We have developed functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to visualize transcripts of mutant GNAQ mRNA in living cells. In addition to their suitability as a specific tool for GNAQ mutation detection, we have developed a novel linker that enables conjugation of siRNAs to AuNPs allowing for greater and more rapid intracellular release of siRNAs compared to previously described approaches. RESULTS Binding of modified AuNPs to matching target mRNA leads to conformational changes, resulting in a detectable fluorescent signal that can be used for mutation detection in living cells. Knockdown of GNAQ with siRNA-AuNPs effectively reduced downstream signals and decreased cell viability in GNAQ mutant uveal melanoma cells. CONCLUSION AuNPs may in future be developed to serve as sensors for mutations of vital importance. The new release system for siRNA-AuNP improves previous systems, which conceivably will be useful for future therapeutic gene regulatory approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Posch
- Department of Dermatology, Mount Zion Cancer Research Center, University of California San Francisco, 2340 Sutter Street N461, 94115, San Francisco, CA, USA,
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Zhang KP, Yang BF, Li BX. Translational toxicology and rescue strategies of the hERG channel dysfunction: biochemical and molecular mechanistic aspects. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2014; 35:1473-84. [PMID: 25418379 PMCID: PMC4261120 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2014.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The human ether-à-go-go related gene (hERG) potassium channel is an obligatory anti-target for drug development on account of its essential role in cardiac repolarization and its close association with arrhythmia. Diverse drugs have been removed from the market owing to their inhibitory activity on the hERG channel and their contribution to acquired long QT syndrome (LQTS). Moreover, mutations that cause hERG channel dysfunction may induce congenital LQTS. Recently, an increasing number of biochemical and molecular mechanisms underlying hERG-associated LQTS have been reported. In fact, numerous potential biochemical and molecular rescue strategies are hidden within the biogenesis and regulating network. So far, rescue strategies of hERG channel dysfunction and LQTS mainly include activators, blockers, and molecules that interfere with specific links and other mechanisms. The aim of this review is to discuss the rescue strategies based on hERG channel toxicology from the biochemical and molecular perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-ping Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China (Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), China
| | - Bao-feng Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China (Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), China
| | - Bao-xin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China (Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), China
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Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is a powerful tool for the regulation of gene expression. Small exogenous noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) such as siRNA and shRNA are the active silencing agents, intended to target and cleave complementary mRNAs in a specific way. They are widely and successfully employed in functional studies, and several ongoing and already completed siRNA-based clinical trials suggest encouraging results in the regulation of overexpressed genes in disease. siRNAs share many aspects of their biogenesis and function with miRNAs, small ncRNA molecules transcribed from endogenous genes which are able to repress the expression of target mRNAs by either inhibiting their translation or promoting their degradation. Although siRNA and artificial miRNA molecules can significantly reduce the expression of overexpressed target genes, cancer and other diseases can also be triggered or sustained by upregulated miRNAs. Thus, in the past recent years, molecular tools for miRNA silencing, such as antagomiRs and miRNA sponges, have been developed. These molecules have shown their efficacy in the derepression of genes downregulated by overexpressed miRNAs. In particular, while a single antagomiR is able to inhibit a single complementary miRNA, an artificial sponge construct usually contains one or more binding sites for one or more miRNAs and functions by competing with the natural targets of these miRNAs. As a consequence, natural miRNA targets are reexpressed at their physiological level. In this chapter we review the most successful methods for the computational design of siRNAs, antagomiRs, and miRNA sponges and describe the most popular tools that implement them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Picardi
- grid.419691.20000000417583396Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, and National Research Council, University of Bari; Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics, Bari, Italy, and National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), Rome, Italy
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34
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Abstract
Chemically synthesized short interfering RNA (siRNA) has ushered a new era in the application of RNA interference (RNAi) against viral genes. We have paid particular attention to respiratory viruses that wreak heavy morbidity and mortality worldwide. The clinically significant ones include respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), parainfluenza virus (PIV) (two Paramyxoviruses), and influenza virus (an Orthomyxovirus). As the infection by these viruses is clinically restricted to the respiratory tissues, mainly the lungs, the logical route for the application of the siRNA was also the same, i.e., via the nasal route. Following the initial success of single intranasal siRNA against RSV, we now offer two new strategies: (1) second-generation siRNAs, used against the paramyxoviral RNA polymerase large subunit (L), (2) siRNA cocktail with a novel transfection reagent, used against influenza virus. Based on these results, we propose the following consensus for designing intranasal antiviral siRNAs: (a) modified 19-27 nt-long double-stranded siRNAs are functional in the lung, (b) excessive 2'-OMe and 2'-F modifications in either or both strands of these siRNAs reduce efficacy, (c) limited modifications in the sense strand are beneficial, although their precise efficacy may be position-dependent, (d) cocktail of multiple siRNAs can be highly effective against multiple viral strains and subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouldy Sioud
- grid.55325.340000000403898485Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, Oslo Norway
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Yang Z, Yu B, Zhu J, Huang X, Xie J, Xu S, Yang X, Wang X, Yung BC, Lee LJ, Lee RJ, Teng L. A microfluidic method to synthesize transferrin-lipid nanoparticles loaded with siRNA LOR-1284 for therapy of acute myeloid leukemia. Nanoscale 2014; 6:9742-9751. [PMID: 25003978 PMCID: PMC4312591 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr01510j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The siRNA LOR-1284 targets the R2 subunit of ribonucleotide reductase (RRM2) and has shown promise in cancer therapy. In this study, transferrin (Tf) conjugated lipid nanoparticles (Tf-NP-LOR-1284) were synthesized by microfluidic hydrodynamic focusing (MHF) and evaluated for the targeted delivery of LOR-1284 siRNA into acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. The in vitro study showed that Tf-NP-LOR-1284 can protect LOR-1284 from serum nuclease degradation. Selective uptake of Tf-NP-LOR-1284 was observed in MV4-11 cells. In addition, qRT-PCR and Western blot results revealed that Tf-NP-LOR-1284 was more effective than the free LOR-1284 in reducing the R2 mRNA and protein levels. The Tf-NP-LOR-1284 showed prolonged circulation time and increased AUC after i.v. administration relative to the free LOR-1284. Furthermore, Tf-NP-LOR-1284 facilitated increased accumulation at the tumor site along with the decreased R2 mRNA and protein expression in a murine xenograft model. These results suggest that Tf-conjugated NPs prepared by MHF provide a suitable platform for efficient and specific therapeutic delivery of LOR-1284 into AML cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaogang Yang
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 W 12th Ave, 43210, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
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Xin M, Yang R, Yao Y, Ma C, Peng H, Sun Q, Wang X, Ni Z. Dynamic parent-of-origin effects on small interfering RNA expression in the developing maize endosperm. BMC Plant Biol 2014; 14:192. [PMID: 25055833 PMCID: PMC4222485 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-014-0192-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In angiosperms, the endosperm plays a crucial placenta-like role in that not only is it necessary for nurturing the embryo, but also regulating embryogenesis through complicated genetic and epigenetic interactions with other seed compartments and is the primary tissue in which genomic imprinting occurs. RESULTS We observed a gradual increase of paternal siRNA expression in the early stages of kernels and an expected 2:1 maternal to paternal ratio in 7-DAP endosperm via sequencing of small interfering RNA (siRNA) transcriptomes in developing kernels (0, 3 and 5 days after pollination (DAP)) and endosperms (7, 10 and 15 DAP) from the maize B73 and Mo17 reciprocal crosses. Additionally, 460 imprinted siRNA loci were identified in the endosperm, with the majority (456/460, 99.1%) being maternally expressed at 10 DAP. Moreover, 13 out of 29 imprinted genes harbored imprinted siRNA loci within their 2-kb flanking regions, a significant higher frequency than expected based on simulation analysis. Additionally, gene ontology terms of "response to auxin stimulus", "response to brassinosteroid stimulus" and "regulation of gene expression" were enriched with genes harboring 10-DAP specific siRNAs, whereas those of "nutrient reservoir activity", "protein localization to vacuole" and "secondary metabolite biosynthetic process" were enriched with genes harboring 15-DAP specific siRNAs. CONCLUSIONS A subset of siRNAs subjected to imprinted expression pattern in maize developing endosperm, and they are likely correlated with certain imprinted gene expression. Additionally, siRNAs might influence nutrient uptake and allocation processes during maize endosperm development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Xin
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, NO.2 Yuanmingyuan Xi Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ruolin Yang
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, 1145 E. South Campus Drive, Tucson 85721-0036, AZ, USA
| | - Yingyin Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, NO.2 Yuanmingyuan Xi Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chuang Ma
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, 1145 E. South Campus Drive, Tucson 85721-0036, AZ, USA
| | - Huiru Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, NO.2 Yuanmingyuan Xi Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qixin Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, NO.2 Yuanmingyuan Xi Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiangfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, NO.2 Yuanmingyuan Xi Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhongfu Ni
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, NO.2 Yuanmingyuan Xi Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
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Abstract
PURPOSE To identify genes whose depletion is detrimental to Pim1-overexpressing prostate cancer cells and to validate this finding in vitro and in vivo. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN RNAi screening was used to identify genes whose depletion is detrimental to Pim1-overexpressing cells. Our finding was validated using shRNA or PLK1-specific inhibitor BI 2536. Xenograft studies were performed using both PLK1-knockdown cells and BI 2536 to investigate the effects of PLK1 inhibition on tumorigenesis in Pim1-overexpressing cells. Finally, PLK1 and PIM1 expression patterns in human prostate tumors were examined by immunohistochemistry using tissue microarrays. RESULTS We identified the mitotic regulator polo-like kinase (PLK1) as a gene whose depletion is particularly detrimental to the viability of Pim1-overexpressing prostate cancer. Inhibition of PLK1 by shRNA or BI 2536 in Pim1-overexpressing prostate cancer xenograft models resulted in a dramatic inhibition of tumor progression. Notably, Pim1-overexpressing cells were more prone to mitotic arrest followed by apoptosis due to PLK1 inhibition than control cells. Furthermore, inhibition of PLK1 led to the reduction of MYC protein levels both in vitro and in vivo. Our data also suggest that PIM1 and PLK1 physically interact and PIM1 might phosphorylate PLK1. Finally, PLK1 and PIM1 are frequently co-expressed in human prostate tumors, and co-expression of PLK1 and PIM1 was significantly correlated to higher Gleason grades. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that PIM1-overexpressing cancer cells are particularly sensitive to PLK1 inhibition, suggesting that PIM1 might be used as a marker for identifying patients who will benefit from PLK1 inhibitor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riet van der Meer
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ha Yong Song
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Seong-Hoon Park
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sarki A Abdulkadir
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Meejeon Roh
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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Hirose T, Mishima Y, Tomari Y. Elements and machinery of non-coding RNAs: toward their taxonomy. EMBO Rep 2014; 15:489-507. [PMID: 24731943 PMCID: PMC4210095 DOI: 10.1002/embr.201338390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Although recent transcriptome analyses have uncovered numerous non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), their functions remain largely unknown. ncRNAs assemble with proteins and operate as ribonucleoprotein (RNP) machineries, formation of which is thought to be determined by specific fundamental elements embedded in the primary RNA transcripts. Knowledge about the relationships between RNA elements, RNP machinery, and molecular and physiological functions is critical for understanding the diverse roles of ncRNAs and may eventually allow their systematic classification or "taxonomy." In this review, we catalog and discuss representative small and long non-coding RNA classes, focusing on their currently known (and unknown) RNA elements and RNP machineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuro Hirose
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido UniversitySapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Mishima
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of TokyoBunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Medical Genome Sciences, The University of TokyoBunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukihide Tomari
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of TokyoBunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Medical Genome Sciences, The University of TokyoBunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Kim D, Kim J, Baek D. Global and local competition between exogenously introduced microRNAs and endogenously expressed microRNAs. Mol Cells 2014; 37:412-7. [PMID: 24823356 PMCID: PMC4044313 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2014.0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that exogenously introduced micro- RNA (exo-miRNA) competes with endogenously expressed miRNAs (endo-miRNAs) in human cells, resulting in a detectable upregulation of mRNAs with endo-miRNA target sites (TSs). However, the detailed mechanisms of the competition between exo- and endo-miRNAs remain uninvestigated. In this study, using 74 microarrays that monitored the whole-transcriptome response after introducing miRNAs or siRNAs into HeLa cells, we systematically examined the derepression of mRNAs with exoand/ or endo-miRNA TSs. We quantitatively assessed the effect of the number of endo-miRNA TSs on the degree of mRNA derepression. As a result, we observed that the number of endo-miRNA TSs was significantly associated with the degree of derepression, supporting that the derepression resulted from the competition between exo- and endo-miRNAs. However, when we examined whether the site proficiency of exomiRNA TSs could also influence mRNA derepression, to our surprise, we discovered a strong positive correlation. Our analysis indicates that site proficiencies of both exoand endo-miRNA TSs are important determinants for the degree of mRNA derepression, implying that the derepression of mRNAs in response to exo-miRNA is more complex than that currently perceived. Our observations may lead to a more complete understanding of the detailed mechanisms of the competition between exo- and endo-miRNAs and to a more accurate prediction of miRNA targets. Our analysis also suggests an interesting hypothesis that long 3'-UTRs may function as molecular buffer against gene expression regulation by individual miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doyeon Kim
- Center for RNA Research, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul 151-747,
Korea
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul 151-747,
Korea
| | - Jongkyu Kim
- Center for RNA Research, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul 151-747,
Korea
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul 151-747,
Korea
| | - Daehyun Baek
- Center for RNA Research, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul 151-747,
Korea
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul 151-747,
Korea
- Bioinformatics Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747,
Korea
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Abstract
Porous silica particles are potential transfection agents for nucleic acid-based therapies because of their large specific surface areas and pore volumes and the ease with which they can be chemically modified to maximize the loading of cargo and to effect targeting in vivo. Here, we present a systematic study of the effects of pore size and pore modification on the adsorption and release of short, interfering RNA (siRNA) from a mesoporous silica particle developed in our laboratory. Using adsorption isotherms and release experiments, we found that the short polyamine diethylenetriamine was the best chemical modification for achieving both the adsorption and release of large amounts of siRNA. The degree of functionalization with diethylenetriamine caused drastic changes in the loading capacity and binding strength of siRNA to silica with relatively large pores (8 nm and larger), but the degree of functionalization had a weaker effect in narrow pores (4 nm). Multilayer adsorption could occur in materials with large pores (15 nm). Release experiments showed that intermediate pore sizes and intermediate degrees of functionalization resulted in the best compromise between maximizing loading (from strong adsorption) and maximizing release. Capillary electrophoresis and quantitative, real-time PCR demonstrated that siRNA was released intact and that these particles functioned as a transfection agent of mammalian cells in vitro.
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Kozielski KL, Tzeng SY, Hurtado De Mendoza BA, Green JJ. Bioreducible cationic polymer-based nanoparticles for efficient and environmentally triggered cytoplasmic siRNA delivery to primary human brain cancer cells. ACS Nano 2014; 8:3232-41. [PMID: 24673565 PMCID: PMC4004313 DOI: 10.1021/nn500704t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
siRNA nanomedicines can potentially treat many human diseases, but safe and effective delivery remains a challenge. DNA delivery polymers such as poly(β-amino ester)s (PBAEs) generally cannot effectively deliver siRNA and require chemical modification to enable siRNA encapsulation and delivery. An optimal siRNA delivery nanomaterial needs to be able to bind and self-assemble with siRNA molecules that are shorter and stiffer than plasmid DNA in order to form stable nanoparticles, and needs to promote efficient siRNA release upon entry to the cytoplasm. To address these concerns, we designed, synthesized, and characterized an array of bioreducible PBAEs that self-assemble with siRNA in aqueous conditions to form nanoparticles of approximately 100 nm and that exhibit environmentally triggered siRNA release upon entering the reducing environment of the cytosol. By tuning polymer properties, including bioreducibility and hydrophobicity, we were able to fabricate polymeric nanoparticles capable of efficient gene knockdown (91 ± 1%) in primary human glioblastoma cells without significant cytotoxicity (6 ± 12%). We were also able to achieve significantly higher knockdown using these polymers with a low dose of 5 nM siRNA (76 ± 14%) compared to commercially available reagent Lipofectamine 2000 with a 4-fold higher dose of 20 nM siRNA (40 ± 7%). These bioreducible PBAEs also enabled 63 ± 16% gene knockdown using an extremely low 1 nM siRNA dose and showed preferential transfection of glioblastoma cells versus noncancer neural progenitor cells, highlighting their potential as efficient and tumor-specific carriers for siRNA-based nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen L. Kozielski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, the Institute for Nanobiotechnology, and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 North Broadway/Smith Building Room 5017, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Stephany Y. Tzeng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, the Institute for Nanobiotechnology, and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 North Broadway/Smith Building Room 5017, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Bolivia A. Hurtado De Mendoza
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, the Institute for Nanobiotechnology, and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 North Broadway/Smith Building Room 5017, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Jordan J. Green
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, the Institute for Nanobiotechnology, and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 North Broadway/Smith Building Room 5017, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology and Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 North Broadway/Smith Building Room 5017, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
- Address correspondence to
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Lee MJ, Pickering RT, Puri V. Prolonged efficiency of siRNA-mediated gene silencing in primary cultures of human preadipocytes and adipocytes. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2014; 22:1064-9. [PMID: 24307633 PMCID: PMC3968221 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Primary human preadipocytes and differentiated adipocytes in culture are valuable cell culture systems to study adipogenesis and adipose function in relation to human adipose biology. To use these systems for mechanistic studies, siRNA-mediated knockdown of genes for its effectiveness was studied. METHODS Methods were developed to effectively deliver siRNA for gene silencing in primary preadipocytes isolated from human subcutaneous adipose tissue and newly differentiated adipocytes. Expression level of genes and proteins was measured using quantitative RT-PCR and western blotting. Lipid droplet morphology was observed using microscopy, and glycerol release was quantified as a measure of lipolysis. RESULTS siRNA-mediated knockdown of genes in primary human preadipocytes resulted in prolonged silencing effects, suppressing genes throughout the process of their differentiation. In newly differentiated adipocytes, siRNA-mediated gene knockdown allowed proteins to stay depleted for at least 5 days. It was possible to re-express a protein after its siRNA-mediated depletion. Importantly, siRNA transfected human adipocytes remained metabolically active, responding to β-adrenergic stimulation to increase lipolysis. CONCLUSIONS Our study describes the methods of gene silencing in primary cultures of human preadipocytes and adipocytes and their prolonged effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Jeong Lee
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 650 Albany Street, Boston MA 02118
- Co-corresponding authors; correspondence should be addressed to: ;
| | - R. Taylor Pickering
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 650 Albany Street, Boston MA 02118
| | - Vishwajeet Puri
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 650 Albany Street, Boston MA 02118
- Co-corresponding authors; correspondence should be addressed to: ;
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43
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Abstract
RNA-directed histone and/or DNA modification is a conserved mechanism for the establishment of epigenetic marks from yeasts and plants to mammals. The heterochromation formation in yeast is mediated by RNAi-directed silencing mechanism, while the establishment of DNA methylation in plants is through the RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) pathway. Recently, splicing factors are reported to be involved in both RNAi-directed heterochromatin formation in yeast and the RdDM pathway in plants. In yeast, splicing factors may provide a platform for facilitating the siRNA generation through an interaction with RDRC and thereby affect the heterochromatin formation, whereas in plants, various splicing factors seem to act at different steps in the RdDM pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Feng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Jian-Kang Zhu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
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44
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Briones TL, Woods J, Wadowska M. Chronic neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment following transient global cerebral ischemia: role of fractalkine/CX3CR1 signaling. J Neuroinflammation 2014; 11:13. [PMID: 24447880 PMCID: PMC3976090 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-11-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Although neuroinflammation has been studied extensively in animal models of cerebral ischemia, their contrasting functions are still not completely understood. A major participant in neuroinflammation is microglia and microglial activation usually regulated by the chemokine CX3CL1 (fractalkine) and its receptor, CX3CR1. Here, we examined the involvement of CX3CR1 on ischemia-induced chronic neuroinflammation and cognitive function using small interfering RNA (siRNA). Forty adult male Wistar rats were included in the study and received either ischemia or sham surgery then were randomized to receive either CX3CR1 siRNA or scrambled RNA as control starting at 7 days after reperfusion. Behavioral testing commenced 28 days after siRNA delivery and all rats were euthanized after behavioral testing. Our data showed that: (i) transient global cerebral ischemia significantly decreased fractalkine/CX3CR1 signaling in the hippocampus; (ii) inhibition of CX3CR1 function exacerbated the ischemia-induced chronic increase in microglial activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels; (iii) inhibition of CX3CR1 function worsened ischemia-induced chronic cognitive impairment; (iv) inhibition of CX3CR1 function in sham rats resulted in increased IL-1β expression and impaired behavioral performance. However, no significant effect of CX3CR1 on ischemia-induced neurodegeneration was seen. The present study provides important insight to understanding the involvement of CX3CR1 in chronic neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresita L Briones
- Department of Adult Health, Wayne State University, 5557 Cass Ave.Cohn Bldg, Rm 344, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Julie Woods
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Magdalena Wadowska
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Ochiya T, Takenaga K, Endo H. Silencing of S100A4, a metastasis-associated protein, in endothelial cells inhibits tumor angiogenesis and growth. Angiogenesis 2014; 17:17-26. [PMID: 23929008 PMCID: PMC3898373 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-013-9372-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells express S100A4, a metastasis-associated protein, but its role in angiogenesis remains to be elucidated. Here we show that knockdown of S100A4 in mouse endothelial MSS31 cells by murine specific small interference RNA (mS100A4 siRNA) markedly suppressed capillary-like tube formation in vitro, in early stage after the treatment, along with down- and up-regulation of some of the pro-angiogenic and anti-angiogenic gene expression, respectively. Of particular note is that intra-tumor administration of the mS100A4 siRNA in a human prostate cancer xenograft significantly reduced tumor vascularity and resulted in the inhibition of tumor growth. These findings show that S100A4 in endothelial cells is involved in tube formation, and suggest its potential as a molecular target for inhibiting tumor angiogenesis, which warrants further development of endothelial S100A4-based strategies for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Ochiya
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045 Japan
| | - Keizo Takenaga
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya, Izumo, 693-8501 Japan
| | - Hideya Endo
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639 Japan
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Shen J, Xu R, Mai J, Kim HC, Guo X, Qin G, Yang Y, Wolfram J, Mu C, Xia X, Gu J, Liu X, Mao ZW, Ferrari M, Shen H. High capacity nanoporous silicon carrier for systemic delivery of gene silencing therapeutics. ACS Nano 2013; 7:9867-80. [PMID: 24131405 PMCID: PMC3868485 DOI: 10.1021/nn4035316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Gene silencing agents such as small interfering RNA (siRNA) and microRNA offer the promise to modulate expression of almost every gene for the treatment of human diseases including cancer. However, lack of vehicles for effective systemic delivery to the disease organs has greatly limited their in vivo applications. In this study, we developed a high capacity polycation-functionalized nanoporous silicon (PCPS) platform comprised of nanoporous silicon microparticles functionalized with arginine-polyethyleneimine inside the nanopores for effective delivery of gene silencing agents. Incubation of MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells with PCPS loaded with STAT3 siRNA (PCPS/STAT3) or GRP78 siRNA (PCPS/GRP78) resulted in 91 and 83% reduction of STAT3 and GRP78 gene expression in vitro. Treatment of cells with a microRNA-18a mimic in PCPS (PCPS/miR-18) knocked down 90% expression of the microRNA-18a target gene ATM. Systemic delivery of PCPS/STAT3 siRNA in murine model of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer enriched particles in tumor tissues and reduced STAT3 expression in cancer cells, causing significant reduction of cancer stem cells in the residual tumor tissue. At the therapeutic dosage, PCPS/STAT3 siRNA did not trigger acute immune response in FVB mice, including changes in serum cytokines, chemokines, and colony-stimulating factors. In addition, weekly dosing of PCPS/STAT3 siRNA for four weeks did not cause signs of subacute toxicity based on changes in body weight, hematology, blood chemistry, and major organ histology. Collectively, the results suggest that we have developed a safe vehicle for effective delivery of gene silencing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianliang Shen
- Department of Nanomedicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Rong Xu
- Department of Nanomedicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Junhua Mai
- Department of Nanomedicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Han-Cheon Kim
- Department of Nanomedicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Xiaojing Guo
- Department of Nanomedicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Guoting Qin
- Department of Nanomedicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Nanomedicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Joy Wolfram
- Department of Nanomedicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Chaofeng Mu
- Department of Nanomedicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Xiaojun Xia
- Department of Nanomedicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Jianhua Gu
- Department of Nanomedicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Xuewu Liu
- Department of Nanomedicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Zong-Wan Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Mauro Ferrari
- Department of Nanomedicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY10065, United States
| | - Haifa Shen
- Department of Nanomedicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY10065, United States
- Address correspondence to
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Gao J, Wang L, Xu J, Zheng J, Man X, Wu H, Jin J, Wang K, Xiao H, Li S, Li Z. Aberrant DNA methyltransferase expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma development and progression. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2013; 32:86. [PMID: 24423239 PMCID: PMC4029463 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-32-86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered gene methylation, regulated by DNA methyltransferases (DNMT) 1, 3a and 3b, contributes to tumorigenesis. However, the role of DNMT in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains unknown. METHODS Expression of DNMT 1, 3a and 3b was detected in 88 Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and 10 normal tissue samples by immunohistochemistry. Changes in cell viability, cell cycle distribution, and apoptosis of PDAC cell lines (Panc-1 and SW1990) were assessed after transfection with DNMT1 and 3b siRNA. Levels of CDKN1A, Bcl-2 and Bax mRNA were assessed by qRT-PCR, and methylation of the Bax gene promoter was assayed by methylation-specific PCR (MSP). RESULTS DNMT1, 3a and 3b proteins were expressed in 46.6%, 23.9%, and 77.3% of PDAC tissues, respectively, but were not expressed in normal pancreatic tissues. There was a co-presence of DNMT3a and DNMT3b expression and an association of DNMT1 expression with alcohol consumption and poor overall survival. Moreover, knockdown of DNMT1 and DNMT3b expression significantly inhibited PDAC cell viability, decreased S-phase but increased G1-phase of the cell cycle, and induced apoptosis. Molecularly, expression of CDKN1A and Bax mRNA was upregulated, and the Bax gene promoter was demethylated. However, a synergistic effect of combined DNMT1 and 3b knockdown was not observed. CONCLUSION Expression of DNMT1, 3a and 3b proteins is increased in PDAC tissues, and DNMT1 expression is associated with poor prognosis of patients. Knockdown of DNMT1 and 3b expression arrests tumor cells at the G1 phase of the cell cycle and induces apoptosis. The data suggest that DNMT knockdown may be a novel treatment strategy for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jinkang Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan, China
| | - Jianming Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaohua Man
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hongyu Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jin Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Kaixuan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | | | - Shude Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhaoshen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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48
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Bhinder B, Djaballah H. Systematic analysis of RNAi reports identifies dismal commonality at gene-level and reveals an unprecedented enrichment in pooled shRNA screens. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2013; 16:665-81. [PMID: 23848309 PMCID: PMC3885821 DOI: 10.2174/13862073113169990045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) has opened promising avenues to better understand gene function. Though many RNAi screens report on the identification of genes, very few, if any, have been further studied and validated. Data discrepancy is emerging as one of RNAi main pitfalls. We reasoned that a systematic analysis of lethality-based screens, since they score for cell death, would examine the extent of hit discordance at inter-screen level. To this end, we developed a methodology for literature mining and overlap analysis of several screens using both siRNA and shRNA flavors, and obtained 64 gene lists censoring an initial list of 7,430 nominated genes. We further performed a comparative analysis first at a global level followed by hit re-assessment under much more stringent conditions. To our surprise, none of the hits overlapped across the board even for PLK1, which emerged as a strong candidate in siRNA screens; but only marginally in the shRNA ones. Furthermore, EIF5B emerges as the most common hit only in the shRNA screens. A highly unusual and unprecedented result was the observation that 5,269 out of 6,664 nominated genes (~80%) in the shRNA screens were exclusive to the pooled format, raising concerns as to the merits of pooled screens which qualify hits based on relative depletions, possibly due to multiple integrations per cell, data deconvolution or inaccuracies in intracellular processing causing off-target effects. Without golden standards in place, we would encourage the community to pay more attention to RNAi screening data analysis practices, bearing in mind that it is combinatorial in nature and one active siRNA duplex or shRNA hairpin per gene does not suffice credible hit nomination. Finally, we also would like to caution interpretation of pooled shRNA screening outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavneet Bhinder
- HTS Core Facility, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, USA.
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49
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Abstract
Traditional peptide-mediated siRNA transfection via peptide transduction domains exhibits limited cytoplasmic delivery of siRNA due to endosomal entrapment. This work overcomes these limitations with the use of membrane-destabilizing peptides derived from melittin for the knockdown of NFkB signaling in a model of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. While the mechanism of siRNA delivery into the cytoplasmic compartment by peptide transduction domains has not been well studied, our analysis of melittin derivatives indicates that concurrent nanocomplex disassembly and peptide-mediated endosomolysis are crucial to siRNA transfection. Importantly, in the case of the most active derivative, p5RHH, this process is initiated by acidic pH, indicating that endosomal acidification after macropinocytosis can trigger siRNA release into the cytoplasm. These data provide general principles regarding nanocomplex response to endocytosis, which may guide the development of peptide/siRNA nanocomplex-based transfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirk K. Hou
- Computational and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO. 63108, USA
| | - Hua Pan
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO. 63108, USA
| | - Lee Ratner
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO. 63108, USA
| | - Paul H. Schlesinger
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO. 63108, USA
| | - Samuel A. Wickline
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO. 63108, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO. 63108, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO. 63108, USA
- CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, Campus Box 8215, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110. Fax: 1 314 454 5265.
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50
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Karagiannis ED, Urbanska AM, Sahay G, Pelet JM, Jhunjhunwala S, Langer R, Anderson DG. Rational design of a biomimetic cell penetrating peptide library. ACS Nano 2013; 7:8616-8626. [PMID: 24047542 PMCID: PMC3898733 DOI: 10.1021/nn4027382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Cell penetrating peptides have demonstrated potential to facilitate the cellular delivery of therapeutic molecules. Here we develop a set of 50 cell penetrating peptide based formulations with potential to deliver small interfering RNAs intercellularly. The transfection efficacy of siRNA containing lipid-like nanoparticles decorated with different peptides was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo and correlated with the peptide physical and chemical properties. In vitro, these particles were internalized primarily through macropinocytosis. When the peptides were presented to bone marrow-derived dendritic cells, they induce low immunoactivation relative to control cell penetrating peptides including the antennapedia homeodomain and TAT, as quantified by the expression of activation specific surface proteins like CD80, CD86, and major histocompatibility complex class II. In vivo, peptide decorated nanoparticles primarily accumulated in the lungs and the liver. Three human peptides derived from surfactant protein B (a lung surfactant protein), orexin (a neuropeptide hormone, and lactoferricin (a globular glycoprotein) that exist in many physiological fluids facilitated the in vivo delivery of siRNA and induce significant knock down (90%) of a hepatocyte expressed protein, coagulation Factor VII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil D Karagiannis
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, and §Division of Health Science and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
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