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Tsai MT, Lee YC, Lin YM, Hsiao VKS, Chu CC. Exploring the Influence of Solvents on Electrochemically Etched Porous Silicon Based on Photoluminescence and Surface Morphology Analysis. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:989. [PMID: 38473462 DOI: 10.3390/ma17050989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Porous silicon (PSi) has promising applications in optoelectronic devices due to its efficient photoluminescence (PL). This study systematically investigates the effects of various organic solvents and their concentrations during electrochemical etching on the resulting PL and surface morphology of PSi. Ethanol, n-butanol, ethylene glycol (EG) and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) were employed as solvents in hydrofluoric acid (HF)-based silicon etching. The PL peak position exhibited progressive blue-shifting with increasing ethanol and EG concentrations, accompanied by reductions in the secondary peak intensity and emission linewidth. Comparatively, changes in n-butanol concentration only slightly impacted the main PL peak position. Additionally, distinct morphological transitions were observed for different solvents, with ethanol and n-butanol facilitating uniform single-layer porous structures at higher concentrations in contrast to the excessive etching caused by EG and DMF resulting in PL quenching. These results highlight the complex interdependencies between solvent parameters such as polarity, volatility and viscosity in modulating PSi properties through their influence on surface wetting, diffusion and etching kinetics. The findings provide meaningful guidelines for selecting suitable solvent conditions to tune PSi characteristics for optimized device performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ting Tsai
- Department of Medical Applied Chemistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Lee
- Department of Applied Materials and Optoelectronic Engineering, National Chi Nan University, Nantou 54561, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Mei Lin
- Department of Applied Materials and Optoelectronic Engineering, National Chi Nan University, Nantou 54561, Taiwan
| | - Vincent K S Hsiao
- Department of Applied Materials and Optoelectronic Engineering, National Chi Nan University, Nantou 54561, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chien Chu
- Department of Medical Applied Chemistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Education, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
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2
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Vercauteren R, Gevers C, Mahillon J, Francis LA. Design of a Porous Silicon Biosensor: Characterization, Modeling, and Application to the Indirect Detection of Bacteria. Biosensors (Basel) 2024; 14:104. [PMID: 38392023 PMCID: PMC10886929 DOI: 10.3390/bios14020104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The design of a porous silicon (PSi) biosensor is not often documented, but is of the upmost importance to optimize its performance. In this work, the motivation behind the design choices of a PSi-based optical biosensor for the indirect detection of bacteria via their lysis is detailed. The transducer, based on a PSi membrane, was characterized and models were built to simulate the analyte diffusion, depending on the porous nanostructures, and to optimize the optical properties. Once all performances and properties were analyzed and optimized, a theoretical response was calculated. The theoretical limit of detection was computed as 104 CFU/mL, based on the noise levels of the optical setup. The experimental response was measured using 106 CFU/mL of Bacillus cereus as model strain, lysed by bacteriophage-coded endolysins PlyB221. The obtained signal matched the expected response, demonstrating the validity of our design and models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roselien Vercauteren
- Institute of Information and Communication Technologies, Electronics and Applied Mathematics, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; (R.V.); (C.G.)
| | - Clémentine Gevers
- Institute of Information and Communication Technologies, Electronics and Applied Mathematics, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; (R.V.); (C.G.)
| | - Jacques Mahillon
- Laboratory of Food and Environmental Microbiology, Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium;
| | - Laurent A. Francis
- Institute of Information and Communication Technologies, Electronics and Applied Mathematics, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; (R.V.); (C.G.)
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3
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Bisht BP, Toutam V, Dhakate SR. Self-powered, wide spectral UV response out-of-plane photodetector based on ZnO/ porous silicon heterostructure. Nanotechnology 2024; 35:185505. [PMID: 38086066 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad14b3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The photoresponse of the ZnO/porous silicon (p-Si) heterojunction is studied in an out-of-plane contact configuration. p-Si substrate is fabricated by anodic etching followed by the electrochemical deposition of ZnO NR film, forming ZnO/p-Si heterojunction. XRD study is done to understand the effect of the substrate on ZnO film growth in terms of strain and crystal size. UV-vis absorbance spectrum shows a broad absorption for wavelengths from 230 to 380 nm. The PL emission shows two narrow and prominent electron transition peaks at 263 and 383 nm and a peak of ∼550 nm corresponding to defects. The 263 nm wavelength responsivity of the photodetector from UV-vis and PL data suggests the presence of a defective SiOxas an intermediate layer between ZnO and p-Si. The photodetector is measured for its spectral selectivity and responsivity for both 266 and 370 nm. Under self-powered conditions, the device shows a low dark current of a few nA and enhancement of ∼100 nA and ∼1.37μA for both wavelengths. A responsivity of 527 mA W-1and 10.5μA W-1and detectivity of 2.5 × 1010and 2.9 × 107Jones at 1 V bias under 266 and 370 nm UV illumination are observed. The fast rise/decay time of 67/65 ms and 29/18 ms is observed for the self-powered condition of the device under both wavelengths respectively. The photoresponse of the modified ZnO/SiOx/p-Si heterojunction for both wavelengths is analyzed for the electron transfer mechanism using the heterojunction band bending model. The short circuit current and open circuit voltage of the photodetector is estimated to be 293 nA, 56.33 mV, and 13.63μA, 124.8 mV for 266 and 370 nm, respectively. It is concluded that the 266 nm responsivity comes from the defects in SiOxintermediate layer, and the photocurrent generated in the device is due to tunneling across the junction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhanu Prakash Bisht
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr K S Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India
- Advanced Materials and Device Metrology Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr K S Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Vijaykumar Toutam
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr K S Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India
- Advanced Materials and Device Metrology Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr K S Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Sanjay R Dhakate
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr K S Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India
- Advanced Materials and Device Metrology Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr K S Krishnan Marg, New Delhi 110012, India
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4
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Esmeraldo Paiva A, Gerlt MS, Läubli NF, Prochukhan N, Baez Vasquez JF, Kaminski Schierle GS, Morris MA. High Aspect Ratio Nanoscale Pores through BCP-Based Metal Oxide Masks and Advanced Dry Etching. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:57960-57969. [PMID: 37861980 PMCID: PMC10739579 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The reliable and regular modification of the surface properties of substrates plays a crucial role in material research and the development of functional surfaces. A key aspect of this is the development of the surface pores and topographies. These can confer specific advantages such as high surface area as well as specific functions such as hydrophobic properties. Here, we introduce a combination of nanoscale self-assembled block-copolymer-based metal oxide masks with optimized deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) of silicon to permit the fabrication of porous topographies with aspect ratios of up to 50. Following the evaluation of our procedure and involved parameters using various techniques, such as AFM or SEM, the suitability of our features for applications relying on high light absorption as well as efficient thermal management is explored and discussed in further detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aislan Esmeraldo Paiva
- AMBER
Research Centre/School of Chemistry, Trinity
College Dublin, Dublin D02 CP49, Ireland
| | - Michael S. Gerlt
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund 22363, Sweden
- Department
of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH
Zürich, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Nino F. Läubli
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.
| | - Nadezda Prochukhan
- AMBER
Research Centre/School of Chemistry, Trinity
College Dublin, Dublin D02 CP49, Ireland
| | | | | | - Michael A. Morris
- AMBER
Research Centre/School of Chemistry, Trinity
College Dublin, Dublin D02 CP49, Ireland
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5
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Rong G, Sawan M. Tamm Plasmon Polariton Biosensors Based on Porous Silicon: Design, Validation and Analysis. Biosensors (Basel) 2023; 13:1026. [PMID: 38131786 PMCID: PMC10742303 DOI: 10.3390/bios13121026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Tamm Plasmon Polariton (TPP) is a nanophotonic phenomenon that has attracted much attention due to its spatial strong field confinement, ease of mode excitation, and polarization independence. TPP has applications in sensing, storage, lasing, perfect absorber, solar cell, nonlinear optics, and many others. In this work, we demonstrate a biosensing platform based on TPP resonant mode. Both theoretical analyses based on the transfer matrix method and experimental validation through nonspecific detection of liquids of different refractive indices and specific detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (N-protein) are presented. Results show that the TPP biosensor has high sensitivity and good specificity. For N-protein detection, the sensitivity can be up to 1.5 nm/(µg/mL), and the limit of detection can reach down to 7 ng/mL with a spectrometer of 0.01 nm resolution in wavelength shift. Both nonspecific detection of R.I. liquids and specific detection of N-protein have been simulated and compared with experimental results to demonstrate consistency. This work paves the way for design, optimization, fabrication, characterization, and performance analysis of TPP based biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamad Sawan
- CenBRAIN Neurotech Center of Excellence, School of Engineering, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310030, China;
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6
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Zare L, Rezaei S, Esmaeili E, Khajeh K, Javan M. Targeted drug delivery into glial scar using CAQK peptide in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Brain Commun 2023; 5:fcad325. [PMID: 38107502 PMCID: PMC10724044 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In multiple sclerosis, lesions are formed in various areas of the CNS, which are characterized by reactive gliosis, immune cell infiltration, extracellular matrix changes and demyelination. CAQK peptide (peptide sequence: cysteine-alanine-glutamine-lysine) was previously introduced as a targeting peptide for the injured site of the brain. In the present study, we aimed to develop a multifunctional system using nanoparticles coated by CAQK peptide, to target the demyelinated lesions in animal model of multiple sclerosis. We investigated the binding of fluorescein amidite-labelled CAQK and fluorescein amidite-labelled CGGK (as control) on mouse brain sections. Then, the porous silicon nanoparticles were synthesized and coupled with fluorescein amidite-labelled CAQK. Five days after lysolecithin-induced demyelination, male mice were intravenously injected with methylprednisolone-loaded porous silicon nanoparticles conjugated to CAQK or the same amount of free methylprednisolone. Our results showed that fluorescein amidite-labelled CAQK recognizes demyelinated lesions in brain sections of animal brains injected with lysolecithin. In addition, intravenous application of methylprednisolone-loaded nanoparticle porous silicon conjugated to CAQK at a single dose of 0.24 mg reduced the levels of microglial activation and astrocyte reactivation in the lesions of mouse corpus callosum after 24 and 48 h. No significant effect was observed following the injection of the same dose of free methylprednisolone. CAQK seems a potential targeting peptide for delivering drugs or other biologically active chemicals/reagents to the CNS of patients with multiple sclerosis. Low-dose methylprednisolone in this targeted drug delivery system showed significant beneficial effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Zare
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-331, Tehran, Iran
- Institute for Brain and Cognition, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-331, Tehran, Iran
| | - Safoura Rezaei
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-154, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elaheh Esmaeili
- Institute for Brain and Cognition, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-331, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khosro Khajeh
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-154, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-154, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-331, Tehran, Iran
- Institute for Brain and Cognition, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-331, Tehran, Iran
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T1Z4, British Columbia, Canada
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7
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Kim H, Gu C, Mustfa SA, Martella DA, Wang C, Wang Y, Chiappini C. CRISPR/Cas-Assisted Nanoneedle Sensor for Adenosine Triphosphate Detection in Living Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:49964-49973. [PMID: 37769296 PMCID: PMC10623508 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated protein (Cas) (CRISPR/Cas) systems have recently emerged as powerful molecular biosensing tools based on their collateral cleavage activity due to their simplicity, sensitivity, specificity, and broad applicability. However, the direct application of the collateral cleavage activity for in situ intracellular detection is still challenging. Here, we debut a CRISPR/Cas-assisted nanoneedle sensor (nanoCRISPR) for intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which avoids the challenges associated with intracellular collateral cleavage by introducing a two-step process of intracellular target recognition, followed by extracellular transduction and detection. ATP recognition occurs by first presenting in the cell cytosol an aptamer-locked Cas12a activator conjugated to nanoneedles; the recognition event unlocks the activator immobilized on the nanoneedles. The nanoneedles are then removed from the cells and exposed to the Cas12a/crRNA complex, where the activator triggers the cleavage of an ssDNA fluorophore-quencher pair, generating a detectable fluorescence signal. NanoCRISPR has an ATP detection limit of 246 nM and a dynamic range from 1.56 to 50 μM. Importantly, nanoCRISPR can detect intracellular ATP in 30 min in live cells without impacting cell viability. We anticipate that the nanoCRISPR approach will contribute to broadening the biomedical applications of CRISPR/Cas sensors for the detection of diverse intracellular molecules in living systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongki Kim
- Centre
for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, U.K.
- Department
of Chemistry, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Republic of Korea
| | - Chenlei Gu
- Centre
for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, U.K.
- London
Centre for Nanotechnology, King’s
College London, London SE1 9RT, U.K.
| | - Salman Ahmad Mustfa
- Centre
for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, U.K.
| | | | - Cong Wang
- Centre
for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, U.K.
- London
Centre for Nanotechnology, King’s
College London, London SE1 9RT, U.K.
| | - Yikai Wang
- Centre
for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, U.K.
- London
Centre for Nanotechnology, King’s
College London, London SE1 9RT, U.K.
| | - Ciro Chiappini
- Centre
for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, U.K.
- London
Centre for Nanotechnology, King’s
College London, London SE1 9RT, U.K.
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8
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Ward SJ, Cao T, Zhou X, Chang C, Weiss SM. Protein Identification and Quantification Using Porous Silicon Arrays, Optical Measurements, and Machine Learning. Biosensors (Basel) 2023; 13:879. [PMID: 37754113 PMCID: PMC10526835 DOI: 10.3390/bios13090879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
We report a versatile platform based on an array of porous silicon (PSi) thin films that can identify analytes based on their physical and chemical properties without the use of specific capture agents. The ability of this system to reproducibly classify, quantify, and discriminate three proteins separately is demonstrated by probing the reflectance of PSi array elements with a unique combination of pore size and buffer pH, and by analyzing the optical signals using machine learning. Protein identification and discrimination are reported over a concentration range of two orders of magnitude. This work represents a significant first step towards a low-cost, simple, versatile, and robust sensor platform that is able to detect biomolecules without the added expense and limitations of using capture agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J. Ward
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; (S.J.W.)
| | - Tengfei Cao
- Interdisciplinary Material Science Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Catie Chang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; (S.J.W.)
| | - Sharon M. Weiss
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; (S.J.W.)
- Interdisciplinary Material Science Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
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9
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Mazzotta E, Di Giulio T, Mariani S, Corsi M, Malitesta C, Barillaro G. Vapor-Phase Synthesis of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers on Nanostructured Materials at Room-Temperature. Small 2023; 19:e2302274. [PMID: 37222612 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have recently emerged as robust and versatile artificial receptors. MIP synthesis is carried out in liquid phase and optimized on planar surfaces. Application of MIPs to nanostructured materials is challenging due to diffusion-limited transport of monomers within the nanomaterial recesses, especially when the aspect ratio is >10. Here, the room temperature vapor-phase synthesis of MIPs in nanostructured materials is reported. The vapor phase synthesis leverages a >1000-fold increase in the diffusion coefficient of monomers in vapor phase, compared to liquid phase, to relax diffusion-limited transport and enable the controlled synthesis of MIPs also in nanostructures with high aspect ratio. As proof-of-concept application, pyrrole is used as the functional monomer thanks to its large exploitation in MIP preparation; nanostructured porous silicon oxide (PSiO2 ) is chosen to assess the vapor-phase deposition of PPy-based MIP in nanostructures with aspect ratio >100; human hemoglobin (HHb) is selected as the target molecule for the preparation of a MIP-based PSiO2 optical sensor. High sensitivity and selectivity, low detection limit, high stability and reusability are achieved in label-free optical detection of HHb, also in human plasma and artificial serum. The proposed vapor-phase synthesis of MIPs is immediately transferable to other nanomaterials, transducers, and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Mazzotta
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Tiziano Di Giulio
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Stefano Mariani
- Information Engineering Department, University of Pisa, via G. Caruso 16, Pisa, 56122, Italy
| | - Martina Corsi
- Information Engineering Department, University of Pisa, via G. Caruso 16, Pisa, 56122, Italy
| | - Cosimino Malitesta
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Barillaro
- Information Engineering Department, University of Pisa, via G. Caruso 16, Pisa, 56122, Italy
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10
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Fletcher J, Parish G, Dell J, Keating A. Morphological and Optical Transformation of Gas Assisted Direct Laser Written Porous Silicon Films. Small 2023; 19:e2300655. [PMID: 37069782 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Direct laser writing (DLW) of mesoporous porous silicon (PS) films is shown to selectively create spatially separated nitridized and carbonized features on a single film. Nitridized or carbonized features are formed during DLW at 405 nm in an ambient of nitrogen and propane gas, respectively. The range of laser fluence required to create varying feature sizes while avoiding damage to the PS film is identified. At high enough fluence, nitridation using DLW has been shown as an effective method for laterally isolating regions on the PS films. The efficacy in preventing oxidation once passivated is investigated via energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Changes in composition and optical properties of the DL written films are investigated using spectroscopic analysis. Results show carbonized DLW regions have a much higher absorption than as-fabricated PS, attributed to pyrolytic carbon or transpolyacetylene deposits in the pores. Nitridized regions exhibit optical loss similar to previously published thermally nitridized PS films. This work presents methods to engineer PS films for a variety of potential device applications, including the application of carbonized PS to selectively engineer thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity and of nitridized PS to micromachining and selective modification of refractive index for optical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Fletcher
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, 6009, Australia
| | - Giacinta Parish
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, 6009, Australia
| | - John Dell
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, 6009, Australia
| | - Adrian Keating
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, 6009, Australia
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11
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Renaud M, Bousquet P, Macias G, Rochefort GY, Durand JO, Marsal LF, Cuisinier F, Cunin F, Collart-Dutilleul PY. Allogenic Stem Cells Carried by Porous Silicon Scaffolds for Active Bone Regeneration In Vivo. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:852. [PMID: 37508879 PMCID: PMC10376284 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10070852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, bone regeneration techniques use many biomaterials for bone grafting with limited efficiencies. For this purpose, tissue engineering combining biomaterials and stem cells is an important avenue of development to improve bone regeneration. Among potentially usable non-toxic and bioresorbable scaffolds, porous silicon (pSi) is an interesting biomaterial for bone engineering. The possibility of modifying its surface can allow a better cellular adhesion as well as a control of its rate of resorption. Moreover, release of silicic acid upon resorption of its nanostructure has been previously proved to enhance stem cell osteodifferentiation by inducing calcium phosphate formation. In the present study, we used a rat tail model to experiment bone tissue engineering with a critical size defect. Two groups with five rats per group of male Wistar rats were used. In each rat, four vertebrae were used for biomaterial implantation. Randomized bone defects were filled with pSi particles alone or pSi particles carrying dental pulp stem cells (DPSC). Regeneration was evaluated in comparison to empty defect and defects filled with xenogenic bone substitute (Bio-Oss®). Fluorescence microscopy and SEM evaluations showed adhesion of DPSCs on pSi particles with cells exhibiting distribution throughout the biomaterial. Histological analyzes revealed the formation of a collagen network when the defects were filled with pSi, unlike the positive control using Bio-Oss®. Overall bone formation was objectivated with µCT analysis and showed a higher bone mineral density with pSi particles combining DPSC. Immunohistochemical assays confirmed the increased expression of bone markers (osteocalcin) when pSi particles carried DPSC. Surprisingly, no grafted cells remained in the regenerated area after one month of healing, even though the grafting of DPSC clearly increased bone regeneration for both bone marker expression and overall bone formation objectivated with µCT. In conclusion, our results show that the association of pSi with DPSCs in vivo leads to greater bone formation, compared to a pSi graft without DPSCs. Our results highlight the paracrine role of grafted stem cells by recruitment and stimulation of endogenous cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Renaud
- Laboratoire Biosanté et Nanoscience (LBN), Université Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France
- Faculty of Dentistry, Université de Tours, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Philippe Bousquet
- Laboratoire Biosanté et Nanoscience (LBN), Université Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France
- Faculty of Dentistry, Université Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France
- Service Odontologie, Hospital Center University de Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Gerard Macias
- Institute Charles Gerhardt Montpellier (ICGM), Université Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ENSCM, 34000 Montpellier, France
- Department of Electronic, Electrical and Automatic Engineering (DEEEA), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43003 Tarragona, Spain
| | | | - Jean-Olivier Durand
- Institute Charles Gerhardt Montpellier (ICGM), Université Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ENSCM, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Lluis F Marsal
- Department of Electronic, Electrical and Automatic Engineering (DEEEA), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43003 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Frédéric Cuisinier
- Laboratoire Biosanté et Nanoscience (LBN), Université Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France
- Faculty of Dentistry, Université Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France
- Service Odontologie, Hospital Center University de Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Frédérique Cunin
- Institute Charles Gerhardt Montpellier (ICGM), Université Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ENSCM, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Collart-Dutilleul
- Laboratoire Biosanté et Nanoscience (LBN), Université Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France
- Faculty of Dentistry, Université Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France
- Service Odontologie, Hospital Center University de Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France
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12
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Kawaura H, Suzuki R, Kondo Y, Mahara Y. Scalable Synthesis of Porous Silicon by Acid Etching of Atomized Al-Si Alloy Powder for Lithium-Ion Batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023. [PMID: 37450898 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Si anodes have attracted considerable attention for their potential application in next-generation lithium-ion batteries because of their high specific capacity (Li15Si4, 3579 mAh g-1) and elemental abundance. However, Si anodes have not yet been practically applied in lithium-ion batteries because the volume change associated with lithiation and delithiation degrades their capacity during cycling. Instead of considering the active material, we focused on the structural design and developed a scalable process for producing Si anodes with excellent cycle characteristics while precisely controlling the morphology. Al-Si alloy powders were prepared by gas atomization, and porous Si with a skeletal structure was prepared by leaching Al using HCl. Porous Si (p-Si12, p-Si19) prepared from Al88Si12 and Al81Si19 comprised resinous eutectic Si, and porous Si (p-Si25) prepared from Al75Si25 comprised lumpy primary Si and resinous eutectic Si. The porosity of the Si anodes varied from 63% to 76%, depending on the Si composition. The p-Si19 anode displayed the finest pore distribution (20-200 nm), excellent rate characteristics, a reversible discharge capacity of 1607 mAh g-1 after 200 cycles at a rate of 0.1 C with a Coulombic efficiency of over 97%, and high stability. The performances of the p-Si25 and p-Si19 electrodes began to decrease after 250 and 850 cycles, respectively, with a constant-charge capacity of 1000 mAh g-1 and at a rate of 0.2 C. In contrast, the p-Si12 anode maintained its discharge capacity at 1000 mAh g-1 for up to 1000 cycles without degradation. Therefore, the developed manufacturing process is expected to produce porous Si as an active material in lithium-ion batteries for high capacity and long life at an industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kawaura
- Toyota Central R&D Laboratories., Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
| | - Ryo Suzuki
- Toyota Central R&D Laboratories., Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Kondo
- Toyota Central R&D Laboratories., Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
| | - Yuji Mahara
- Toyota Central R&D Laboratories., Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
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13
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Petrovszki D, Valkai S, Kelemen L, Nagy L, Agarwal V, Krekic S, Zimányi L, Dér A. Microsecond All-Optical Modulation by Biofunctionalized Porous Silicon Microcavity. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:2070. [PMID: 37513080 PMCID: PMC10385878 DOI: 10.3390/nano13142070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
We successfully created a composite photonic structure out of porous silicon (PSi) microcavities doped by the photochromic protein, photoactive yellow protein (PYP). Massive incorporation of the protein molecules into the pores was substantiated by a 30 nm shift of the resonance dip upon functionalization, and light-induced reflectance changes of the device due to the protein photocycle were recorded. Model calculations for the photonic properties of the device were consistent with earlier results on the nonlinear optical properties of the protein, whose degree of incorporation into the PSi structure was also estimated. The successful proof-of-concept results are discussed in light of possible practical applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dániel Petrovszki
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Multidisciplinary Medical Science, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Sándor Valkai
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Lóránd Kelemen
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Nagy
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, Faculty of Science and Informatics, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Vivechana Agarwal
- Centro de Investigación en Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas-IICBA, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62209, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Szilvia Krekic
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Multidisciplinary Medical Science, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Zimányi
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - András Dér
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
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14
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Aliqab K, Elsayed HA, Alsharari M, Armghan A, Ahmed AM, Mehaney A. Enhanced Sensitivity of Binary/Ternary Locally Resonant Porous Phononic Crystal Sensors for Sulfuric Acid Detection: A New Class of Fluidic-Based Biosensors. Biosensors (Basel) 2023; 13:683. [PMID: 37504082 PMCID: PMC10376993 DOI: 10.3390/bios13070683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
This research presented a comprehensive study of a one-dimensional (1D) porous silicon phononic crystal design as a novel fluidic sensor. The proposed sensor is designed to detect sulfuric acid (H2SO4) within a narrow concentration range of 0-15%. Sulfuric acid is a mineral acid extensively utilized in various physical, chemical, and industrial applications. Undoubtedly, its concentration, particularly at lower levels, plays a pivotal role in these applications. Hence, there is an urgent demand for a highly accurate and sensitive tool to monitor even the slightest changes in its concentration, which is crucial for researchers. Herein, we presented a novel study on the optimization of the phononic crystal (PnC) sensor. The optimization process involves a comparative strategy between binary and ternary PnCs, utilizing a multilayer stack comprising 1D porous silicon (PSi) layers. Additionally, a second comparison is conducted between conventional Bragg and local resonant PnCs to demonstrate the design with the highest sensitivity. Moreover, we determine the optimum values for the materials' thickness and number of periods. The results revealed that the ternary local resonant PnC design with the configuration of {silicone rubber/[PSi1/PSi2/PSi3]N/silicone rubber} is the optimal sensor design. The sensor provided a super sensitivity of 2.30 × 107 Hz for a concentration change of just 2%. This exceptional sensitivity is attributed to the presence of local resonant modes within the band gap of PnCs. The temperature effects on the local resonant modes and sensor performance have also been considered. Furthermore, additional sensor performance parameters such as quality factor, figure of merit, detection limit, and damping rate have been calculated to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed liquid sensor. The transfer matrix method was utilized to compute the transmission spectra of the PnC, and Hashin's expression was employed to manipulate the porous silicon media filled with sulfuric acid at various concentrations. Lastly, the proposed sensor can serve as an efficient tool for detecting acidic rain, contaminating freshwater, and assessing food and liquid quality, as well as monitoring other pharmaceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Aliqab
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussein A Elsayed
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62512, Egypt
| | - Meshari Alsharari
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ammar Armghan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashour M Ahmed
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62512, Egypt
- Physics Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Mehaney
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62512, Egypt
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15
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Liang LY, Kung YH, Hsiao VKS, Chu CC. Reduction of Nitroaromatics by Gold Nanoparticles on Porous Silicon Fabricated Using Metal-Assisted Chemical Etching. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:nano13111805. [PMID: 37299708 DOI: 10.3390/nano13111805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the use of porous silicon (PSi) fabricated using metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE) as a substrate for the deposition of Au nanoparticles (NPs) for the reduction of nitroaromatic compounds. PSi provides a high surface area for the deposition of Au NPs, and MACE allows for the fabrication of a well-defined porous structure in a single step. We used the reduction of p-nitroaniline as a model reaction to evaluate the catalytic activity of Au NPs on PSi. The results indicate that the Au NPs on the PSi exhibited excellent catalytic activity, which was affected by the etching time. Overall, our results highlighted the potential of PSi fabricated using MACE as a substrate for the deposition of metal NPs for catalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yi Liang
- Department of Medical Applied Chemistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Han Kung
- Department of Applied Materials and Optoelectronic Engineering, National Chi Nan University, Nantou 54561, Taiwan
| | - Vincent K S Hsiao
- Department of Applied Materials and Optoelectronic Engineering, National Chi Nan University, Nantou 54561, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chien Chu
- Department of Medical Applied Chemistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Education, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
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16
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Gries S, Brinker M, Zeller-Plumhoff B, Rings D, Krekeler T, Longo E, Greving I, Huber P. Wafer-Scale Fabrication of Hierarchically Porous Silicon and Silica by Active Nanoparticle-Assisted Chemical Etching and Pseudomorphic Thermal Oxidation. Small 2023; 19:e2206842. [PMID: 36794297 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Many biological materials exhibit a multiscale porosity with small, mostly nanoscale pores as well as large, macroscopic capillaries to simultaneously achieve optimized mass transport capabilities and lightweight structures with large inner surfaces. Realizing such a hierarchical porosity in artificial materials necessitates often sophisticated and expensive top-down processing that limits scalability. Here, an approach that combines self-organized porosity based on metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE) with photolithographically induced macroporosity for the synthesis of single-crystalline silicon with a bimodal pore-size distribution is presented, i.e., hexagonally arranged cylindrical macropores with 1 µm diameter separated by walls that are traversed by pores 60 nm across. The MACE process is mainly guided by a metal-catalyzed reduction-oxidation reaction, where silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) serve as the catalyst. In this process, the AgNPs act as self-propelled particles that are constantly removing silicon along their trajectories. High-resolution X-ray imaging and electron tomography reveal a resulting large open porosity and inner surface for potential applications in high-performance energy storage, harvesting and conversion or for on-chip sensorics and actuorics. Finally, the hierarchically porous silicon membranes can be transformed structure-conserving by thermal oxidation into hierarchically porous amorphous silica, a material that could be of particular interest for opto-fluidic and (bio-)photonic applications due to its multiscale artificial vascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Gries
- Institute for Materials and X-Ray Physics, Hamburg University of Technology, Denickestr. 10, 21073, Hamburg, Germany
- Center for X-Ray and Nano Science CXNS, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
- Centre for Hybrid Nanostructures, CHyN, University of Hamburg, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Manuel Brinker
- Institute for Materials and X-Ray Physics, Hamburg University of Technology, Denickestr. 10, 21073, Hamburg, Germany
- Center for X-Ray and Nano Science CXNS, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
- Centre for Hybrid Nanostructures, CHyN, University of Hamburg, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Berit Zeller-Plumhoff
- Center for X-Ray and Nano Science CXNS, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Metallic Biomaterials, Helmholtz Zentrum Hereon, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Dagmar Rings
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Hamburg University of Technology, 21073, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Krekeler
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Hamburg University of Technology, 21073, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Elena Longo
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14 - km 163,5 in AREA Science Park, 34149, Basovizza, Italien
| | - Imke Greving
- Center for X-Ray and Nano Science CXNS, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Materials Physics, Helmholtz Zentrum Hereon, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Patrick Huber
- Institute for Materials and X-Ray Physics, Hamburg University of Technology, Denickestr. 10, 21073, Hamburg, Germany
- Center for X-Ray and Nano Science CXNS, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
- Centre for Hybrid Nanostructures, CHyN, University of Hamburg, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
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17
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Amri C, Liu SF, Najar A. Elaboration of Silicon Nanostructures with Vapor-Phase Silver Assisted Chemical Etching: Correlation between Structural and Optical Properties. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:nano13101602. [PMID: 37242020 DOI: 10.3390/nano13101602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Based on the widely used wet metal-assisted electroless etching, we develop in this work a novel vapor-phase silver-assisted chemical etching (VP-Ag-ACE) suitable for the elaboration of highly doped p-silicon (Si) nanostructures with strong, visible, and multi-peak photoluminescence (PL) emissions. The lateral and vertical etching rates (LER and VER) were discussed based on the etching mechanism of the VP-Ag-ACE. The antireflective suitability of the vapor-etched layer has been evaluated by a reflectivity measurement and exhibits reflectivity values lower than 3%. The PL emission at both room and low temperatures emissions were deeply discussed and correlated with the structural properties of the Si morphologies and their surface states based on the FTIR results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chohdi Amri
- Department of Physics, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Laboratoire de Photovoltaïque, Centre de Recherches et des Technologies de l'Energie, Technopole de Borj Cedria, BP: 95, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia
| | - Shengzhong Frank Liu
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Adel Najar
- Department of Physics, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
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18
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Lavigne A, Gilquin B, Géhin T, Jousseaume V, Veillerot M, Chevolot Y, Phaner-Goutorbe M, Yeromonahos C. Effects of Silane Monolayers on Lysophosphatidylcholine (LysoPC) Detection by Desorption Ionization on Silicon Mass Spectrometry (DIOS-MS) in Solution and Plasma. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:18685-18693. [PMID: 37014887 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c01181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Desorption ionization on silicon mass spectrometry (DIOS-MS) enables high throughput analysis of low-molecular-weight biomolecules. However, detection of metabolite biomarkers in complex fluids such as plasma requires sample pretreatment, limiting clinical application. Here, we show that porous silicon, chemically modified using monolayers of n-propyldimethylmethoxysilane molecules, is a good candidate for fingerprinting lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC) in plasma, without sample pretreatment, for DIOS-MS-based diagnosis (e.g., sepsis). Results were correlated to lysoPC molecule location inside/outside the pores, determined by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry profiling, and to physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonin Lavigne
- CNRS, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, INL, UMR5270, Univ Lyon, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 69134 Ecully Cedex, France
| | - Benoît Gilquin
- CEA, LETI, Clinatec, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Thomas Géhin
- INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, INL, UMR5270, Univ Lyon, CNRS, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 69134 Ecully Cedex, France
| | | | - Marc Veillerot
- CEA, LETI, Univ Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Yann Chevolot
- INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, INL, UMR5270, Univ Lyon, CNRS, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 69134 Ecully Cedex, France
| | - Magali Phaner-Goutorbe
- CNRS, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, INL, UMR5270, Univ Lyon, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 69134 Ecully Cedex, France
| | - Christelle Yeromonahos
- CNRS, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, INL, UMR5270, Univ Lyon, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 69134 Ecully Cedex, France
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19
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Wang J, Zhu K, Wu X, Cheng G, Zheng R. The Process and Mechanism of Preparing Nano porous Silicon: Helium Ion Implantation. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:1324. [PMID: 37110909 PMCID: PMC10141629 DOI: 10.3390/nano13081324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Ion implantation is an effective way to control performance in semiconductor technology. In this paper, the fabrication of 1~5 nm porous silicon by helium ion implantation was systemically studied, and the growth mechanism and regulation mechanism of helium bubbles in monocrystalline silicon at low temperatures were revealed. In this work, 100 keV He ions (1~7.5 × 1016 ions/cm2) were implanted into monocrystalline silicon at 115 °C~220 °C. There were three distinct stages in the growth of helium bubbles, showing different mechanisms of helium bubble formation. The minimum average diameter of a helium bubble is approximately 2.3 nm, and the maximum number density of the helium bubble is 4.2 × 1023 m-3 at 175 °C. The porous structure may not be obtained at injection temperatures below 115 °C or injection doses below 2.5 × 1016 ions/cm2. In the process, both the ion implantation temperature and ion implantation dose affect the growth of helium bubbles in monocrystalline silicon. Our findings suggest an effective approach to the fabrication of 1~5 nm nanoporous silicon, challenging the classic view of the relationship between process temperature or dose and pore size of porous silicon, and some new theories are summarized.
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20
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Mendoza Conde GO, Luna López JA, Hernández Simón ZJ, Hernández de la Luz JÁD, Monfil Leyva K, Carrillo López J, Martínez Hernández HP, Gastellóu Hernández E, Berman Mendoza D, Flores Méndez J. Nanocomposites of Silicon Oxides and Carbon: Its Study as Luminescent Nanomaterials. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:1271. [PMID: 37049364 PMCID: PMC10096624 DOI: 10.3390/nano13071271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In this work, hybrid structures formed by nanostructured layers, which contain materials, such as porous silicon (PSi), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene oxide (GO), and silicon-rich oxide (SRO), were studied. The PSi layers were obtained by electrochemical etching over which CNTs and GO were deposited by spin coating. In addition, SRO layers, in which silicon nanocrystals are embedded, were obtained by hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) technique. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra were obtained from the hybrid structures with which a comparative analysis was completed among different PL ones. The SRO layers were used to confine the CNTs and GO. The main purpose of making these hybrid structures is to modulate their PL response and obtain different emission energy regions in the PL response. It was found that the PL spectra of the CNTs/SRO and GO/SRO structures exhibit a shift towards high energies compared to those obtained from the PSi layers; likewise, the PSi/CNTs/SRO and PSi/GO/SRO structures show a similar behavior. To identify the different emission mechanisms originated by PSi, GO, CNTs, and SRO, the PL spectra were deconvolved. It was found that the Psi/CNTs/SRO and Psi/GO/SRO structures exhibit a PL shift in respect to the PSi layers, for this reason, the modulation of the PL emission of the structures makes these hybrid structures promising candidates to be applied in the field of photonic and electroluminescent devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Omar Mendoza Conde
- Centro de Investigaciones en Dispositivos Semiconductores (CIDS-ICUAP), Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Col. San Manuel, Cd. Universitaria, Av. San Claudio y 14 Sur, Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | - José Alberto Luna López
- Centro de Investigaciones en Dispositivos Semiconductores (CIDS-ICUAP), Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Col. San Manuel, Cd. Universitaria, Av. San Claudio y 14 Sur, Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | - Zaira Jocelyn Hernández Simón
- Centro de Investigaciones en Dispositivos Semiconductores (CIDS-ICUAP), Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Col. San Manuel, Cd. Universitaria, Av. San Claudio y 14 Sur, Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | - José Álvaro David Hernández de la Luz
- Centro de Investigaciones en Dispositivos Semiconductores (CIDS-ICUAP), Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Col. San Manuel, Cd. Universitaria, Av. San Claudio y 14 Sur, Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | - Karim Monfil Leyva
- Centro de Investigaciones en Dispositivos Semiconductores (CIDS-ICUAP), Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Col. San Manuel, Cd. Universitaria, Av. San Claudio y 14 Sur, Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | - Jesús Carrillo López
- Centro de Investigaciones en Dispositivos Semiconductores (CIDS-ICUAP), Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Col. San Manuel, Cd. Universitaria, Av. San Claudio y 14 Sur, Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | - Haydee Patricia Martínez Hernández
- Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica, Instituto Tecnológico de Apizaco (ITA), Fco I Madero s/n, Barrio de San José, Apizaco 90300, Mexico
| | | | - Dainet Berman Mendoza
- Departamento de Investigación en Física, Universidad de Sonora (UNISON), Hermosillo 83000, Mexico
| | - Javier Flores Méndez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Electrónica (FCE), Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Col. San Manuel. Cd. Universitaria, Av. San Claudio y 18 Sur, Puebla 72570, Mexico
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21
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Alrashidi A, El-Sherif AM, Ahmed J, Faisal M, Alsaiari M, Algethami JS, Moustafa MI, Abahussain AAM, Harraz FA. A Sensitive Hydroquinone Amperometric Sensor Based on a Novel Palladium Nanoparticle/ Porous Silicon/Polypyrrole-Carbon Black Nanocomposite. Biosensors (Basel) 2023; 13:178. [PMID: 36831944 PMCID: PMC9953257 DOI: 10.3390/bios13020178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to hydroquinone (HQ) can cause various health hazards and negative impacts on the environment. Therefore, we developed an efficient electrochemical sensor to detect and quantify HQ based on palladium nanoparticles deposited in a porous silicon-polypyrrole-carbon black nanocomposite (Pd@PSi-PPy-C)-fabricated glassy carbon electrode. The structural and morphological characteristics of the newly fabricated Pd@PSi-PPy-C nanocomposite were investigated utilizing FESEM, TEM, EDS, XPS, XRD, and FTIR spectroscopy. The exceptionally higher sensitivity of 3.0156 μAμM-1 cm-2 and a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.074 μM were achieved for this innovative electrochemical HQ sensor. Applying this novel modified electrode, we could detect wide-ranging HQ (1-450 μM) in neutral pH media. This newly fabricated HQ sensor showed satisfactory outcomes during the real sample investigations. During the analytical investigation, the Pd@PSi-PPy-C/GCE sensor demonstrated excellent reproducibility, repeatability, and stability. Hence, this work can be an effective method in developing a sensitive electrochemical sensor to detect harmful phenol derivatives for the green environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Alrashidi
- Engineering College, Northern Border University, Arar 91431, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas M. El-Sherif
- Engineering College, Northern Border University, Arar 91431, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jahir Ahmed
- Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED), Advanced Materials and Nano-Research Centre, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia
| | - M. Faisal
- Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED), Advanced Materials and Nano-Research Centre, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mabkhoot Alsaiari
- Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED), Advanced Materials and Nano-Research Centre, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia
- Empty Quarter Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts at Sharurah, Najran University, Sharurah 68342, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jari S. Algethami
- Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED), Advanced Materials and Nano-Research Centre, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Abdulaziz A. M. Abahussain
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farid A. Harraz
- Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED), Advanced Materials and Nano-Research Centre, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia
- Empty Quarter Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts at Sharurah, Najran University, Sharurah 68342, Saudi Arabia
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22
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Alqanoo AAM, Ahmed NM, Hashim MR, Almessiere MA, Taya SA, Alsadig A, Aldaghri OA, Ibnaouf KH. Synthesis and Deposition of Silver Nanowires on Porous Silicon as an Ultraviolet Light Photodetector. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:353. [PMID: 36678106 PMCID: PMC9863988 DOI: 10.3390/nano13020353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The applications of silver nanowires (AgNWs) are clearly relevant to their purity and morphology. Therefore, the synthesis parameters should be precisely adjusted in order to obtain AgNWs with a high aspect ratio. Consequently, controlling the reaction time versus the reaction temperature of the AgNWs is crucial to synthesize AgNWs with a high crystallinity and is important in fabricating optoelectronic devices. In this work, we tracked the morphological alterations of AgNWs during the growth process in order to determine the optimal reaction time and temperature. Thus, here, the UV-Vis absorption spectra were used to investigate how the reaction time varies with the temperature. The reaction was conducted at five different temperatures, 140-180 °C. As a result, an equation was developed to describe the relationship between them and to calculate the reaction time at any given reaction temperature. It was observed that the average diameter of the NWs was temperature-dependent and had a minimum value of 23 nm at a reaction temperature of 150 °C. A significant purification technique was conducted for the final product at a reaction temperature of 150 °C with two different speeds in the centrifuge to remove the heavy and light by-products. Based on these qualities, a AgNWs-based porous Si (AgNWs/P-Si) device was fabricated, and current-time pulsing was achieved using an ultra-violet (UV) irradiation of a 375 nm wavelength at four bias voltages of 1 V, 2 V, 3 V, and 4 V. We obtained a high level of sensitivity and detectivity with the values of 2247.49% and 2.89 × 1012 Jones, respectively. The photocurrent increased from the μA range in the P-Si to the mA range in the AgNWs/P-Si photodetector due to the featured surface plasmon resonance of the AgNWs compared to the other metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anas A. M. Alqanoo
- School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia
- Physics Department, Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza P.O. Box 108, Palestine
| | - Naser M. Ahmed
- School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia
- Research Center, The University of Mashreq, Baghdad 10021, Iraq
| | - Md. R. Hashim
- School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Munirah A. Almessiere
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biophysics, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sofyan A. Taya
- Physics Department, Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza P.O. Box 108, Palestine
| | - Ahmed Alsadig
- CNR NANOTEC Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Osamah A. Aldaghri
- Physics Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 13318, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Hassan Ibnaouf
- Physics Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 13318, Saudi Arabia
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23
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Sviridov A, Mazina S, Ostapenko A, Nikolaev A, Timoshenko V. Antibacterial Effect of Acoustic Cavitation Promoted by Meso porous Silicon Nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021065. [PMID: 36674582 PMCID: PMC9866259 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As-prepared mesoporous silicon nanoparticles, which were synthesized by electrochemical etching of crystalline silicon wafers followed by high-energy milling in water, were explored as a sonosensitizer in aqueous media under irradiation with low-intensity ultrasound at 0.88 MHz. Due to the mixed oxide-hydride coating of the nanoparticles' surfaces, they showed both acceptable colloidal stability and sonosensitization of the acoustic cavitation. The latter was directly measured and quantified as a cavitation energy index, i.e., time integral of the magnitude of ultrasound subharmonics. The index turned out to be several times greater for nanoparticle suspensions as compared to pure water, and it depended nonmonotonically on nanoparticle concentration. In vitro tests with Lactobacillus casei revealed a dramatic drop of the bacterial viability and damage of the cells after ultrasonic irradiation with intensity of about 1 W/cm2 in the presence of nanoparticles, which themselves are almost non-toxic at the studied concentrations of about 1 mg/mL. The experimental results prove that nanoparticle-sensitized cavitation bubbles nearby bacteria can cause bacterial lysis and death. The sonosensitizing properties of freshly prepared mesoporous silicon nanoparticles are beneficial for their application in mild antibacterial therapy and treatment of liquid media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Sviridov
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana Mazina
- Research and Technical Centre of Radiation-Chemical Safety and Hygiene, FMBA, Schukinskaya St 40, 123182 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Land and Environmental Management, State University of Land Use Planning, Kazakov St. 15, 105064 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Ecology, Peoples Friendship University of Russia, Miklukho-Maklaya St. 6, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Ostapenko
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Nikolaev
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Victor Timoshenko
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Phys-Bio Institute, National Research Nuclear University (MEPhI), Kashirskoye Sh. 31, 115409 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
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24
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Fedorov AS, Teplinskaia AS. Thermal Properties of Porous Silicon Nanomaterials. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:8678. [PMID: 36500175 PMCID: PMC9741138 DOI: 10.3390/ma15238678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The thermal properties, including the heat capacity, thermal conductivity, effusivity, diffusivity, and phonon density of states of silicon-based nanomaterials are analyzed using a molecular dynamics calculation. These quantities are calculated in more detail for bulk silicon, porous silicon, and a silicon aerocrystal (aerogel), including the passivation of the porous internal surfaces with hydrogen, hydroxide, and oxygen ions. It is found that the heat capacity of these materials increases monotonically by up to 30% with an increase in the area of the porous inner surface and upon its passivation with these ions. This phenomenon is explained by a shift of the phonon density of states of the materials under study to the low-frequency region. In addition, it is shown that the thermal conductivity of the investigated materials depends on the degree of their porosity and can be changed significantly upon the passivation of their inner surface with different ions. It is demonstrated that, in the various simulated types of porous silicon, the thermal conductivity changes by 1-2 orders of magnitude compared with the value for bulk silicon. At the same time, it is found that the nature of the passivation of the internal nanosilicon surfaces affects the thermal conductivity. For example, the passivation of the surfaces with hydrogen does not significantly change this parameter, whereas a passivation with oxygen ions reduces it by a factor of two on average, and passivation with hydroxyl ions increases the thermal conductivity by a factor of 2-3. Similar trends are observed for the thermal effusivities and diffusivities of all the types of nanoporous silicon under passivation, but, in that case, the changes are weaker (by a factor of 1.5-2). The ways of tuning the thermal properties of the new nanostructured materials are outlined, which is important for their application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr S. Fedorov
- International Research Center of Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemistry, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Kirensky Institute of Physics, Federal Research Center KSC SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Anastasiia S. Teplinskaia
- International Research Center of Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemistry, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
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25
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Zuo X, Yang Q, He Y, Cheng YJ, Yin S, Zhu J, Müller-Buschbaum P, Xia Y. High-Temperature Magnesiothermic Reduction Enables HF-Free Synthesis of Porous Silicon with Enhanced Performance as Lithium-Ion Battery Anode. Molecules 2022; 27:7486. [PMID: 36364311 PMCID: PMC9655285 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Porous silicon-based anode materials have gained much interest because the porous structure can effectively accommodate volume changes and release mechanical stress, leading to improved cycling performance. Magnesiothermic reduction has emerged as an effective way to convert silica into porous silicon with a good electrochemical performance. However, corrosive HF etching is normally a mandatory step to improve the electrochemical performance of the as-synthesized silicon, which significantly increases the safety risk. This has become one of the major issues that impedes practical application of the magnesiothermic reduction synthesis of the porous silicon anode. Here, a facile HF-free method is reported to synthesize macro-/mesoporous silicon with good cyclic and rate performance by simply increasing the reduction temperature from 700 °C to 800 °C and 900 °C. The mechanism for the structure change resulting from the increased temperature is elaborated. A finite element simulation indicated that the 3D continuous structure formed by the magnesiothermic reduction at 800 °C and 900 °C could undertake the mechanical stress effectively and was responsible for an improved cyclic stability compared to the silicon synthesized at 700 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxia Zuo
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 Zhongguan West Rd., Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Qinghua Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, School of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yaolong He
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, School of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Ya-Jun Cheng
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 Zhongguan West Rd., Ningbo 315201, China
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Rd., Oxford OX1 3PH, UK
| | - Shanshan Yin
- Physik-Department, Lehrstuhlfür Funtionelle Materielien, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Jin Zhu
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 Zhongguan West Rd., Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Physik-Department, Lehrstuhlfür Funtionelle Materielien, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Yonggao Xia
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 Zhongguan West Rd., Ningbo 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Rd., Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
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26
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Duan W, Liu X, Zhao J, Zheng Y, Wu J. Porous Silicon Carrier Endowed with Photothermal and Therapeutic Effects for Synergistic Wound Disinfection. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:48368-48383. [PMID: 36278256 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c12012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Drug carriers endowed with photothermal effects will allow the drug delivery system to release drugs in a thermal-stimuli manner. In addition, the photothermal therapy (PTT) will also interplay with therapeutic drugs loaded in the carrier to exhibit synergistic bioactivity for various disease treatment. However, endowing the drug carrier with photothermal and synergistic therapeutic effects still has challenge. Herein, we demonstrate that surface modification of porous silicon (PSi) with polydopamine (PDA) could endow the classical drug carrier with a significant photothermal effect for advanced antibacterial therapy and wound disinfection. Specifically, the PSi surface interacts with a Cu2+/PDA complex via a simple and fast surface reduction-induced deposition method, forming the unique CuPDA coated PSi microcarrier (CuPPSi) without blocking the mesoporous structure. The CuPPSi carrier generates a higher near-infrared (NIR) photothermal efficiency and improved drug loading capacity owing to the abundant functional groups of PDA. Stimuli-responsive release of antibacterial Cu2+ and loaded curcumin (Cur) from CuPPSi can be realized under multiple stimuli including pH, reactive oxygen species and NIR laser irradition. Benefited from the carrier's intrinsic multimodal therapy, the CuPPSi-Cur platform exhibits amplified, broad-spectrum, and synergistic antibacterial effect, killing more than 98% for both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli at a mild PTT temperature (∼45 °C). Notably, the combined therapy promotes migration of fibroblasts with no significant cytotoxicity as revealed through cell experiments in vitro. In bacteria-infected mice model, efficient bacterial ablation and wound healing are further demonstrated with negligible side effects in vivo. Overall, the rational design of a drug carrier with photothermal and therapeutic effects provides a novel intervention for amplifing wound disinfection clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Duan
- Lab of Nanomedicine and Omic-based Diagnostics, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
| | - Xingyue Liu
- Lab of Nanomedicine and Omic-based Diagnostics, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
| | - Jingwen Zhao
- Lab of Nanomedicine and Omic-based Diagnostics, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
| | - Yongke Zheng
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou310006, China
| | - Jianmin Wu
- Lab of Nanomedicine and Omic-based Diagnostics, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
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27
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Maurizi E, Martella DA, Schiroli D, Merra A, Mustfa SA, Pellegrini G, Macaluso C, Chiappini C. Nanoneedles Induce Targeted siRNA Silencing of p16 in the Human Corneal Endothelium. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2203257. [PMID: 36253148 PMCID: PMC9685449 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nanoneedles can target nucleic acid transfection to primary cells at tissue interfaces with high efficiency and minimal perturbation. The corneal endothelium is an ideal target for nanoneedle-mediated RNA interference therapy aimed at enhancing its proliferative capacity, necessary for tissue regeneration. This work develops a strategy for siRNA nanoninjection to the human corneal endothelium. Nanoneedles can deliver p16-targeting siRNA to primary human corneal endothelial cells in vitro without toxicity. The nanoinjection of siRNA induces p16 silencing and increases cell proliferation, as monitored by ki67 expression. Furthermore, siRNA nanoinjection targeting the human corneal endothelium is nontoxic ex vivo, and silences p16 in transfected cells. These data indicate that nanoinjection can support targeted RNA interference therapy for the treatment of endothelial corneal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Maurizi
- Dentistry Centre LabUniversity of Parmavia Gramsci 14Parma43126Italy
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine ‘‘S. Ferrari’’University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModena41125Italy
| | | | - Davide Schiroli
- Transfusion Medicine UnitAzienda USL‐IRCCSReggio Emilia42122Italy
| | | | - Salman Ahmad Mustfa
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative BiologyKing's College LondonLondonSE1 9RTUK
- AstraZenecaGranta Park, Great AbingtonCambridgeCB21 6GHUnited Kingdom
| | - Graziella Pellegrini
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine ‘‘S. Ferrari’’University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModena41125Italy
- Holostem Terapie Avanzate S.r.l.Modena41125Italy
| | - Claudio Macaluso
- Dentistry Centre LabUniversity of Parmavia Gramsci 14Parma43126Italy
| | - Ciro Chiappini
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative BiologyKing's College LondonLondonSE1 9RTUK
- London Centre for NanotechnologyKing's College LondonLondonWC2R 2LSUK
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28
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Kanathasan JS, Palanisamy UD, Radhakrishnan AK, Chakravarthi S, Thong TB, Swamy V. Protease-targeting peptide-functionalized porous silicon nanoparticles for cancer fluorescence imaging. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2022; 17:1511-1528. [PMID: 36382634 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2022-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Porous silicon (pSi) nanoparticles (NPs) functionalized with suitable targeting ligands are now established cancer bioimaging agents and drug-delivery platforms. With growing interest in peptides as tumor-targeting ligands, much work has focused on the use of various peptides in combination with pSi NPs for cancer theranostics. Here, the authors investigated the targeting potential of pSi NPs functionalized with two types of peptide, a linear 10-mer peptide and its branched (Y-shaped) equivalent, that respond to legumain activity in tumor cells. Results: In vitro experiments established that the linear peptide-pSi NP conjugate had better aqueous stability under tumor conditions and higher binding efficiency (p < 0.001) toward legumain-expressing cells such as RAW 264.7 cells compared with that of its branched equivalent. In vivo studies (analyzed using ex vivo fluorescence) with the linear peptide-pSi NP formulation using a syngeneic mouse model of breast cancer showed a higher accumulation (p > 0.05) of linear peptide-conjugated pSi NPs in the tumor site within 4 h compared with nonconjugated pSi NPs. These results suggest that the linear peptide-pSi NP formulation is a nontoxic, stable and efficient fluorescence bioimaging agent and potential drug-delivery platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayasree S Kanathasan
- Mechanical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia
| | - Uma Devi Palanisamy
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia
| | - Ammu K Radhakrishnan
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia
| | - Srikumar Chakravarthi
- MAHSA University, Jalan SP 2, Bandar Saujana Putra, Jenjarom, Selangor, 42610, Malaysia
| | - Tan Boon Thong
- Mechanical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia
| | - Varghese Swamy
- Mechanical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia
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29
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Corsi M, Paghi A, Mariani S, Golinelli G, Debrassi A, Egri G, Leo G, Vandini E, Vilella A, Dähne L, Giuliani D, Barillaro G. Bioresorbable Nanostructured Chemical Sensor for Monitoring of pH Level In Vivo. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2202062. [PMID: 35618637 PMCID: PMC9353472 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202202062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Here, the authors report on the manufacturing and in vivo assessment of a bioresorbable nanostructured pH sensor. The sensor consists of a micrometer-thick porous silica membrane conformably coated layer-by-layer with a nanometer-thick multilayer stack of two polyelectrolytes labeled with a pH-insensitive fluorophore. The sensor fluorescence changes linearly with the pH value in the range 4 to 7.5 upon swelling/shrinking of the polymer multilayer and enables performing real-time measurements of the pH level with high stability, reproducibility, and accuracy, over 100 h of continuous operation. In vivo studies carried out implanting the sensor in the subcutis on the back of mice confirm real-time monitoring of the local pH level through skin. Full degradation of the pH sensor occurs in one week from implant in the animal model, and its biocompatibility after 2 months is confirmed by histological and fluorescence analyses. The proposed approach can be extended to the detection of other (bio)markers in vivo by engineering the functionality of one (at least) of the polyelectrolytes with suitable receptors, thus paving the way to implantable bioresorbable chemical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Corsi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'InformazioneUniversità di Pisavia G. Caruso 16Pisa56122Italy
| | - Alessandro Paghi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'InformazioneUniversità di Pisavia G. Caruso 16Pisa56122Italy
| | - Stefano Mariani
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'InformazioneUniversità di Pisavia G. Caruso 16Pisa56122Italy
| | - Giulia Golinelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & AdultsUniversity‐Hospital of Modena and Reggio EmiliaVia del Pozzo 71Modena41124Italy
| | - Aline Debrassi
- Surflay Nanotec GmbHMax‐Planck‐Straße 312489BerlinGermany
| | - Gabriella Egri
- Surflay Nanotec GmbHMax‐Planck‐Straße 312489BerlinGermany
| | - Giuseppina Leo
- Department of Biomedical Metabolic and Neural SciencesUniversity of Modena and Reggio Emiliavia G. Campi 287Modena41125Italy
| | - Eleonora Vandini
- Department of Biomedical Metabolic and Neural SciencesUniversity of Modena and Reggio Emiliavia G. Campi 287Modena41125Italy
| | - Antonietta Vilella
- Department of Biomedical Metabolic and Neural SciencesUniversity of Modena and Reggio Emiliavia G. Campi 287Modena41125Italy
| | - Lars Dähne
- Surflay Nanotec GmbHMax‐Planck‐Straße 312489BerlinGermany
| | - Daniela Giuliani
- Department of Biomedical Metabolic and Neural SciencesUniversity of Modena and Reggio Emiliavia G. Campi 287Modena41125Italy
| | - Giuseppe Barillaro
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'InformazioneUniversità di Pisavia G. Caruso 16Pisa56122Italy
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30
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Wen H, Närvänen A, Jokivarsi K, Poutiainen P, Xu W, Lehto VP. A robust approach to make inorganic nanovectors biotraceable. Int J Pharm 2022; 624:122040. [PMID: 35902052 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear medicine imaging plays an important role in nanomedicine. However, it is still challenging to develop a versatile platform to make the nonviral nanovectors used in cancer therapy biotraceable. In the present study, a robust approach to radiolabel inorganic nanovectors for SPECT and PET imaging was developed. The approach was based on the bisphosphonates (BP) conjugated on the nanovector, mesoporous silicon (PSi) nanoparticles. BP served as an efficient chelator for various radionuclides. For both of the 99mTc and 68Ga radionuclides utilized, the radiochemical purity and radiochemical yield were ∼99% and ∼90%, respectively. Because of the short decay time of the radionuclides, an easy, fast and effective PEGylation method was developed to improve the residence time in systemic circulation. Both PEG-99mTc-BP-PSi and PEG-68Ga-BP-PSi NPs, where PEGylation was performed after the labeling, had excellent colloidal and radiochemical stability in vitro. The plain particles without PEGylation accumulated fast in the reticuloendothelial system organs upon intravenous administration, while PEGylation prolonged the residence time of the particles in systemic circulation. Overall, the developed approach proved to be applicable for labeling nonviral nanovectors with various radionuclides easily and robustly. Considering the nature of mesoporous nanoparticles, the approach does not hamper the addition of other functionalities on the vector, nor its capability to carry high payloads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Wen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1F, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ale Närvänen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1B, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kimmo Jokivarsi
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Neulaniementie 2, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pekka Poutiainen
- Kuopio University Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, Puijonlaaksontie 2, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Wujun Xu
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1F, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Vesa-Pekka Lehto
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1F, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
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31
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Paściak A, Marin R, Abiven L, Pilch-Wróbel A, Misiak M, Xu W, Prorok K, Bezkrovnyi O, Marciniak Ł, Chanéac C, Gazeau F, Bazzi R, Roux S, Viana B, Lehto VP, Jaque D, Bednarkiewicz A. Quantitative Comparison of the Light-to-Heat Conversion Efficiency in Nanomaterials Suitable for Photothermal Therapy. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:33555-33566. [PMID: 35848997 PMCID: PMC9335407 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c08013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Functional colloidal nanoparticles capable of converting between various energy types are finding an increasing number of applications. One of the relevant examples concerns light-to-heat-converting colloidal nanoparticles that may be useful for localized photothermal therapy of cancers. Unfortunately, quantitative comparison and ranking of nanoheaters are not straightforward as materials of different compositions and structures have different photophysical and chemical properties and may interact differently with the biological environment. In terms of photophysical properties, the most relevant information to rank these nanoheaters is the light-to-heat conversion efficiency, which, along with information on the absorption capacity of the material, can be used to directly compare materials. In this work, we evaluate the light-to-heat conversion properties of 17 different nanoheaters belonging to different groups (plasmonic, semiconductor, lanthanide-doped nanocrystals, carbon nanocrystals, and metal oxides). We conclude that the light-to-heat conversion efficiency alone is not meaningful enough as many materials have similar conversion efficiencies─in the range of 80-99%─while they significantly differ in their extinction coefficient. We therefore constructed their qualitative ranking based on the external conversion efficiency, which takes into account the conventionally defined light-to-heat conversion efficiency and its absorption capacity. This ranking demonstrated the differences between the samples more meaningfully. Among the studied systems, the top-ranking materials were black porous silicon and CuS nanocrystals. These results allow us to select the most favorable materials for photo-based theranostics and set a new standard in the characterization of nanoheaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Paściak
- Institute
of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okólna 2, 50-422 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Riccardo Marin
- Nanomaterials
for Bioimaging Group (nanoBIG), Departamento de Física de Materiales,
Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma
de Madrid, C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Lise Abiven
- Sorbonne
Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière
Condensée de Paris, UMR 7574, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Aleksandra Pilch-Wróbel
- Institute
of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okólna 2, 50-422 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Misiak
- Institute
of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okólna 2, 50-422 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Wujun Xu
- Department
of Applied Physics, University of Eastern
Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Katarzyna Prorok
- Institute
of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okólna 2, 50-422 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Oleksii Bezkrovnyi
- Institute
of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okólna 2, 50-422 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Marciniak
- Institute
of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okólna 2, 50-422 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Corinne Chanéac
- Sorbonne
Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière
Condensée de Paris, UMR 7574, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Florence Gazeau
- Université
Paris Cité, CNRS, Matière et Systèmes Complexes, F75006 Paris, France
| | - Rana Bazzi
- Institut
UTINAM, UMR 6213 CNRS-UBFC, Université
Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, 25030 Besançon, Cedex, France
| | - Stéphane Roux
- Institut
UTINAM, UMR 6213 CNRS-UBFC, Université
Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, 25030 Besançon, Cedex, France
| | - Bruno Viana
- Chimie
ParisTech, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, PSL Research University, 11 rue P. et M. Curie, F-75231 Paris, Cedex 05, France
| | - Vesa-Pekka Lehto
- Department
of Applied Physics, University of Eastern
Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Daniel Jaque
- Nanomaterials
for Bioimaging Group (nanoBIG), Departamento de Física de Materiales,
Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma
de Madrid, C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Artur Bednarkiewicz
- Institute
of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okólna 2, 50-422 Wroclaw, Poland
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32
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Morales-Sánchez A, Cardona-Castro MA, Licea-Jiménez L, Palacios-Huerta L, Coyopol A, Pérez-García SA, Alvarez-Quintana J, Moreno M. Study of the Effect of Nitric Acid in Electrochemically Synthesized Silicon Nanocrystals: Tunability of Bright and Uniform Photoluminescence. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:2015. [PMID: 35745354 DOI: 10.3390/nano12122015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we show a correlation between the composition and the microstructural and optical properties of bright and uniform luminescent porous silicon (PSi) films. PSi films were synthesized by electrochemical etching using nitric acid in an electrolyte solution. PSi samples synthesized with nitric acid emit stronger (up to six-fold greater) photoluminescence (PL) as compared to those obtained without it. The PL peak is shifted from 630 to 570 nm by changing the concentration ratio of the HF:HNO3:(EtOH-H2O) electrolyte solution, but also shifts with the excitation energy, indicating quantum confinement effects in the silicon nanocrystals (Si-NCs). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis shows a uniform silicon content in the PSi samples that emit the strongest PL. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy reveals that the Si-NCs in these PSi samples are about ~2.9 ± 0.76 nm in size and are embedded in a dense and stoichiometric SiO2 matrix, as indicated by the Fourier transform infrared analysis. On the other hand, the PSi films that show PL of low intensity present an abrupt change in the silicon content depth and the formation of non-bridging oxygen hole center defects.
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33
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Wang X, Gonçalves W, Lacroix D, Isaiev M, Gomès S, Termentzidis K. Thermal conductivity temperature dependence of water confined in nano porous silicon. J Phys Condens Matter 2022; 34:305701. [PMID: 35405665 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac664b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Recently, it has been shown that high density nanoconfined water was the reason of the important enhancement of the effective thermal conductivity up to a factor of 50% of a nanoporous silicon filled with water. In this work, using molecular dynamics simulations, we further investigate the role of the temperatureT(from 285 to 360 K) on the thermal conductivity enhancement of nanohybrid porous silicon and water system. Furthermore, by studying and analysing several structural and dynamical parameters of the nanoconfined water, we give physical insights of the observed phenomena. Upon increasing the temperature of the system, the thermal conductivity of the hybrid system increases reaching a maximum forT= 300 K. With this article, we prove the existence of new heat flux channels between a solid matrix and a nanoconfined liquid, with clear signatures both in the radial distribution function, mean square displacements, water molecules orientation, hydrogen bond networks and phonon density of states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Wang
- Univ. Lyon, INSA-Lyon, CETHIL CNRS-UMR5008, F-69621, Villeurbanne, France
| | - William Gonçalves
- Univ. Lyon, INSA-Lyon, CETHIL CNRS-UMR5008, F-69621, Villeurbanne, France
| | - David Lacroix
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LEMTA, Nancy F-54000, France
| | - Mykola Isaiev
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LEMTA, Nancy F-54000, France
| | - Séverine Gomès
- Univ. Lyon, INSA-Lyon, CETHIL CNRS-UMR5008, F-69621, Villeurbanne, France
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34
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Liu G, Zhu X, Li X, Jia D, Li D, Ma Z, Li J. Flexible Porous Silicon/Carbon Fiber Anode for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:3190. [PMID: 35591523 DOI: 10.3390/ma15093190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a cross−linked, 3D conductive network structure, porous silicon@carbon nanofiber (P−Si@CNF) anode by magnesium thermal reduction (MR) and the electrospinning methods. The P−Si thermally reduced from silica (SiO2) preserved the monodisperse spheric morphology which can effectively achieve good dispersion in the carbon matrix. The mesoporous structure of P–Si and internal nanopores can effectively relieve the volume expansion to ensure the structure integrity, and its high specific surface area enhances the multi−position electrical contact with the carbon material to improve the conductivity. Additionally, the electrospun CNFs exhibited 3D conductive frameworks that provide pathways for rapid electron/ion diffusion. Through the structural design, key basic scientific problems such as electron/ion transport and the process of lithiation/delithiation can be solved to enhance the cyclic stability. As expected, the P−Si@CNFs showed a high capacity of 907.3 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at a current density of 100 mA g−1 and excellent cycling performance, with 625.6 mAh g−1 maintained even after 300 cycles. This work develops an alternative approach to solve the key problem of Si nanoparticles’ uneven dispersion in a carbon matrix.
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35
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Guo K, Alba M, Chin GP, Tong Z, Guan B, Sailor MJ, Voelcker NH, Prieto-Simón B. Designing Electrochemical Biosensing Platforms Using Layered Carbon-Stabilized Porous Silicon Nanostructures. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:15565-15575. [PMID: 35286082 PMCID: PMC9682479 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c02113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Porous silicon (pSi) is an established porous material that offers ample opportunities for biosensor design thanks to its tunable structure, versatile surface chemistry, and large surface area. Nonetheless, its potential for electrochemical sensing is relatively unexplored. This study investigates layered carbon-stabilized pSi nanostructures with site-specific functionalities as an electrochemical biosensor. A double-layer nanostructure combining a top hydrophilic layer of thermally carbonized pSi (TCpSi) and a bottom hydrophobic layer of thermally hydrocarbonized pSi (THCpSi) is prepared. The modified layers are formed in a stepwise process, involving first an electrochemical anodization step to generate a porous layer with precisely defined pore morphological features, followed by deposition of a thin thermally carbonized coating on the pore walls via temperature-controlled acetylene decomposition. The second layer is then generated beneath the first by following the same two-step process, but the acetylene decomposition conditions are adjusted to deposit a thermally hydrocarbonized coating. The double-layer platform features excellent electrochemical properties such as fast electron-transfer kinetics, which underpin the performance of a TCpSi-THCpSi voltammetric DNA sensor. The biosensor targets a 28-nucleotide single-stranded DNA sequence with a detection limit of 0.4 pM, two orders of magnitude lower than the values reported to date by any other pSi-based electrochemical DNA sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keying Guo
- Monash
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash
University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Melbourne
Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node
of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Maria Alba
- Monash
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash
University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Melbourne
Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node
of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
- Commonwealth
Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Grace Pei Chin
- Monash
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash
University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Ziqiu Tong
- Monash
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash
University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Bin Guan
- Future
Industries Institute, University of South
Australia, Mawson
Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Michael J. Sailor
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Nicolas H. Voelcker
- Monash
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash
University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Melbourne
Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node
of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
- Commonwealth
Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Beatriz Prieto-Simón
- Department
of Electronic Engineering, Universitat Rovira
i Virgili, Tarragona 43007, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain
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Bobkov A, Luchinin V, Moshnikov V, Nalimova S, Spivak Y. Impedance Spectroscopy of Hierarchical Porous Nanomaterials Based on por-Si, por-Si Incorporated by Ni and Metal Oxides for Gas Sensors. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:1530. [PMID: 35214428 PMCID: PMC8877289 DOI: 10.3390/s22041530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Approaches are being developed to create composite materials with a fractal-percolation structure based on intercalated porous matrices to increase the sensitivity of adsorption gas sensors. Porous silicon, nickel-containing porous silicon, and zinc oxide have been synthesized as materials for such structures. Using the impedance spectroscopy method, it has been shown that the obtained materials demonstrate high sensitivity to organic solvent vapors and can be used in gas sensors. A model is proposed that explains the high sensitivity and inductive nature of the impedance at low frequencies, considering the structural features and fractal-percolation properties of the obtained oxide materials.
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37
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Liu Y, Sun M, Jia Z, Yang J, Kasabov NK. Denoising of Fluorescence Image on the Surface of Quantum Dot/Nano porous Silicon Biosensors. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:1366. [PMID: 35214261 DOI: 10.3390/s22041366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the process of biological detection of porous silicon photonic crystals based on quantum dots, the concentration of target organisms can be indirectly measured via the change in the gray value of the fluorescence emitted from the quantum dots in the porous silicon pores before and after the biological reaction on the surface of the device. However, due to the disordered nanostructures in porous silicon and the roughness of the surface, the fluorescence images on the surface contain noise. This paper analyzes the type of noise and its influence on the gray value of fluorescent images. The change in the gray value caused by noise greatly reduces the detection sensitivity. To reduce the influence of noise on the gray value of quantum dot fluorescence images, this paper proposes a denoising method based on gray compression and nonlocal anisotropic diffusion filtering. We used the proposed method to denoise the quantum dot fluorescence image after DNA hybridization in a Bragg structure porous silicon device. The experimental results show that the sensitivity of digital image detection improved significantly after denoising.
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38
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Ramadan R, Martín-Palma RJ. The Infiltration of Silver Nanoparticles into Porous Silicon for Improving the Performance of Photonic Devices. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:271. [PMID: 35055288 DOI: 10.3390/nano12020271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid nanostructures have a great potential to improve the overall properties of photonic devices. In the present study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were infiltrated into nanostructured porous silicon (PSi) layers, aiming at enhancing the optoelectronic performance of Si-based devices. More specifically, Schottky diodes with three different configurations were fabricated, using Al/Si/Au as the basic structure. This structure was modified by adding PSi and PSi + AgNPs layers. Their characteristic electrical parameters were accurately determined by fitting the current–voltage curves to the non-ideal diode equation. Furthermore, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to determine the electrical parameters of the diodes in a wide frequency range by fitting the Nyquist plots to the appropriate equivalent circuit model. The experimental results show a remarkable enhancement in electrical conduction after the incorporation of metallic nanoparticles. Moreover, the spectral photoresponse was examined for various devices. An approximately 10-fold increment in photoresponse was observed after the addition of Ag nanoparticles to the porous structures.
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39
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Whyte Ferreira C, Vercauteren R, Francis LA. Passivated Porous Silicon Membranes and Their Application to Optical Biosensing. Micromachines (Basel) 2021; 13:10. [PMID: 35056175 PMCID: PMC8779296 DOI: 10.3390/mi13010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A robust fabrication method for stable mesoporous silicon membranes using standard microfabrication techniques is presented. The porous silicon membranes were passivated through the atomic layer deposition of different metal oxides, namely aluminium oxide Al2O3, hafnium oxide HfO2 and titanium oxide TiO2. The fabricated membranes were characterized in terms of morphology, optical properties and chemical properties. Stability tests and optical probing noise level determination were also performed. Preliminary results using an Al2O3 passivated membranes for a biosensing application are also presented for selective optical detection of Bacillus cereus bacterial lysate. The biosensor was able to detect the bacterial lysate, with an initial bacteria concentration of 106 colony forming units per mL (CFU/mL), in less than 10 min.
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Paccotti N, Chiadò A, Novara C, Rivolo P, Montesi D, Geobaldo F, Giorgis F. Real-Time Monitoring of the In Situ Microfluidic Synthesis of Ag Nanoparticles on Solid Substrate for Reliable SERS Detection. Biosensors (Basel) 2021; 11:bios11120520. [PMID: 34940277 PMCID: PMC8699179 DOI: 10.3390/bios11120520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A sharpened control over the parameters affecting the synthesis of plasmonic nanostructures is often crucial for their application in biosensing, which, if based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), requires well-defined optical properties of the substrate. In this work, a method for the microfluidic synthesis of Ag nanoparticles (NPs) on porous silicon (pSi) was developed, focusing on achieving a fine control over the morphological characteristics and spatial distribution of the produced nanostructures to be used as SERS substrates. To this end, a pSi membrane was integrated in a microfluidic chamber in which the silver precursor solution was injected, allowing for the real-time monitoring of the reaction by UV-Vis spectroscopy. The synthesis parameters, such as the concentration of the silver precursor, the temperature, and the flow rate, were varied in order to study their effects on the final silver NPs' morphology. Variations in the flow rate affected the size distribution of the NPs, whereas both the temperature and the concentration of the silver precursor strongly influenced the rate of the reaction and the particle size. Consistently with the described trends, SERS tests using 4-MBA as a probe showed how the flow rate variation affected the SERS enhancement uniformity, and how the production of larger NPs, as a result of an increase in temperature or of the concentration of the Ag precursor, led to an increased SERS efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccolò Paccotti
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (N.P.); (A.C.); (P.R.); (D.M.); (F.G.); (F.G.)
| | - Alessandro Chiadò
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (N.P.); (A.C.); (P.R.); (D.M.); (F.G.); (F.G.)
- Center for Sustainable Future Technologies @Polito, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Corso Trento 21, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Chiara Novara
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (N.P.); (A.C.); (P.R.); (D.M.); (F.G.); (F.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Paola Rivolo
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (N.P.); (A.C.); (P.R.); (D.M.); (F.G.); (F.G.)
| | - Daniel Montesi
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (N.P.); (A.C.); (P.R.); (D.M.); (F.G.); (F.G.)
| | - Francesco Geobaldo
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (N.P.); (A.C.); (P.R.); (D.M.); (F.G.); (F.G.)
| | - Fabrizio Giorgis
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (N.P.); (A.C.); (P.R.); (D.M.); (F.G.); (F.G.)
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41
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Shimazu Y, Matsumoto A, Nakano H, Yae S. Sensitive Quantitative Analysis of Strontium in Microdroplet by Surface-enhanced Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Using Porous Silicon. ANAL SCI 2021; 37:1839-1841. [PMID: 34275968 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.21n024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (SELIBS) is a promising method for microanalysis of liquid samples. We previously demonstrated that the SELIBS signal was significantly enhanced by using porous silicon (Si) instead of flat Si. In this work, we dried aqueous droplets containing 1 - 200 ppb strontium (Sr) on porous Si substrates and evaluated the quantitative performance by analyzing the dry residues. A linear calibration curve for the Sr quantification (R2 = 0.998) was obtained and an LOD was 0.67 ppb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Shimazu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo
| | - Ayumu Matsumoto
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo
| | - Haruka Nakano
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo
| | - Shinji Yae
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo
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42
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Layouni R, Cao T, Coppock MB, Laibinis PE, Weiss SM. Peptide-Based Capture of Chikungunya Virus E2 Protein Using Porous Silicon Biosensor. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:8248. [PMID: 34960341 PMCID: PMC8708774 DOI: 10.3390/s21248248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The detection of pathogens presents specific challenges in ensuring that biosensors remain operable despite exposure to elevated temperatures or other extreme conditions. The most vulnerable component of a biosensor is typically the bioreceptor. Accordingly, the robustness of peptides as bioreceptors offers improved stability and reliability toward harsh environments compared to monoclonal antibodies that may lose their ability to bind target molecules after such exposures. Here, we demonstrate peptide-based capture of the Chikungunya virus E2 protein in a porous silicon microcavity biosensor at room temperature and after exposure of the peptide-functionalized biosensor to high temperature. Contact angle measurements, attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectra, and optical reflectance measurements confirm peptide functionalization and selective E2 protein capture. This work opens the door for other pathogenic biomarker detection using peptide-based capture agents on porous silicon and other surface-based sensor platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabeb Layouni
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; (R.L.); (P.E.L.)
| | - Tengfei Cao
- Interdisciplinary Material Science Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA;
| | - Matthew B. Coppock
- Human Research and Engineering Directorate, DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD 20783, USA;
| | - Paul E. Laibinis
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; (R.L.); (P.E.L.)
- Interdisciplinary Material Science Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA;
| | - Sharon M. Weiss
- Interdisciplinary Material Science Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA;
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
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43
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Feng DJY, Lin HY, Thomas JL, Wang HY, Lin CY, Chen CY, Liu KH, Lee MH. Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Treatment of Porous Silicon Increases Biocompatibility with Cardiomyocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10709. [PMID: 34639050 PMCID: PMC8509595 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Porous silicon is of current interest for cardiac tissue engineering applications. While porous silicon is considered to be a biocompatible material, it is important to assess whether post-etching surface treatments can further improve biocompatibility and perhaps modify cellular behavior in desirable ways. In this work, porous silicon was formed by electrochemically etching with hydrofluoric acid, and was then treated with oxygen plasma or supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2). These processes yielded porous silicon with a thickness of around 4 μm. The different post-etch treatments gave surfaces that differed greatly in hydrophilicity: oxygen plasma-treated porous silicon had a highly hydrophilic surface, while scCO2 gave a more hydrophobic surface. The viabilities of H9c2 cardiomyocytes grown on etched surfaces with and without these two post-etch treatments was examined; viability was found to be highest on porous silicon treated with scCO2. Most significantly, the expression of some key genes in the angiogenesis pathway was strongly elevated in cells grown on the scCO2-treated porous silicon, compared to cells grown on the untreated or plasma-treated porous silicon. In addition, the expression of several apoptosis genes were suppressed, relative to the untreated or plasma-treated surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Jui-Yang Feng
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 81148, Taiwan; (H.-Y.W.); (K.-H.L.)
| | - Hung-Yin Lin
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 81148, Taiwan; (H.-Y.L.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-Y.C.)
| | - James L. Thomas
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA;
| | - Hsing-Yu Wang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 81148, Taiwan; (H.-Y.W.); (K.-H.L.)
| | - Chien-Yu Lin
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 81148, Taiwan; (H.-Y.L.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-Y.C.)
| | - Chen-Yuan Chen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 81148, Taiwan; (H.-Y.L.); (C.-Y.L.); (C.-Y.C.)
| | - Kai-Hsi Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 81148, Taiwan; (H.-Y.W.); (K.-H.L.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Zuoying Branch of Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81342, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hwa Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan
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44
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Chae S, Xu Y, Yi R, Lim HS, Velickovic D, Li X, Li Q, Wang C, Zhang JG. A Micrometer-Sized Silicon/Carbon Composite Anode Synthesized by Impregnation of Petroleum Pitch in Nano porous Silicon. Adv Mater 2021; 33:e2103095. [PMID: 34398477 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202103095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Porous silicon (Si)/carbon nanocomposites have been extensively explored as a promising anode material for high-energy lithium (Li)-ion batteries (LIBs). However, shrinking of the pores and sintering of Si in the nanoporous structure during fabrication often diminishes the full benefits of nanoporous Si. Herein, a scalable method is reported to preserve the porous Si nanostructure by impregnating petroleum pitch inside of porous Si before high-temperature treatment. The resulting micrometer-sized Si/C composite maintains a desired porosity to accommodate large volume change and high conductivity to facilitate charge transfer. It also forms a stable surface coating that limits the penetration of electrolyte into nanoporous Si and minimizes the side reaction between electrolyte and Si during cycling and storage. A Si-based anode with 80% of pitch-derived carbon/nanoporous Si enables very stable cycling of a Si||Li(Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3)O2 (NMC532) battery (80% capacity retention after 450 cycles). It also leads to low swelling in both particle and electrode levels required for the next generation of high-energy LIBs. The process also can be used to preserve the porous structure of other nanoporous materials that need to be treated at high temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujong Chae
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Yaobin Xu
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Ran Yi
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Hyung-Seok Lim
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Dusan Velickovic
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Qiuyan Li
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Chongmin Wang
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Ji-Guang Zhang
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
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45
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Gongalsky MB, Muftieva DA, Saarinen JKS, Isomaki A, Pervushin NV, Kopeina GS, Peltonen LJ, Strachan CJ, Zhivotovsky B, Santos HA, Osminkina LA. Nonresonant CARS Imaging of Porous and Solid Silicon Nanoparticles in Human Cells. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 8:4185-4195. [PMID: 34553922 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS), a nonlinear optical method for rapid visualization of biological objects, represents a progressive tool in biology and medicine to explore cells and tissue structures in living systems and biopsies. In this study, we report efficient nonresonant CARS imaging of silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) in human cells as a proof of concept. As both bulk and porous silicon exhibit a high third-order nonlinear susceptibility, χ(3), which is responsible for the CARS intensity, it is possible to visualize the SiNPs without specific labels. Porous and solid SiNPs were obtained from layers of porous and nonporous silicon nanowires and mesoporous silicon. Electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy showed that porous SiNPs consisted of ∼3 nm silicon nanocrystals (nc-Si) and pores, whereas solid nanoparticles comprised ∼30 nm nc-Si. All types of SiNPs were nontoxic at concentrations up to 500 μg/mL after 24 h of incubation with cells. We demonstrated that although nc-Si possesses a distinguished narrow Raman band of about 520 cm-1, it is possible to detect a high CARS signal from SiNPs in the epi-direction even in a nonresonant regime. 3D CARS images showed that all types of studied SiNPs were visualized as bright spots inside the cytoplasm of cells after 3-6 h of incubation because of the contrast provided by the high third-order nonlinear susceptibility of SiNPs, which is 1 × 104 to 1 × 105 times higher than that of water and typical biological media. Overall, CARS microscopy can provide localization of SiNPs within biological structures at the cellular level and can be a powerful tool for in vitro monitoring of silicon-based drug delivery systems or use SiNPs as labels to monitor various bioprocesses inside living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim B Gongalsky
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Physics, Leninskie Gory 1, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Daniela A Muftieva
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Physics, Leninskie Gory 1, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Jukka K S Saarinen
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Antti Isomaki
- Biomedicum Imaging Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8 (PO Box 63), Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Nikolay V Pervushin
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Gelina S Kopeina
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Leena J Peltonen
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Clare J Strachan
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Boris Zhivotovsky
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation.,Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Toxicology, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Hélder A Santos
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland.,Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Liubov A Osminkina
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Physics, Leninskie Gory 1, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation.,Institute for Biological Instrumentation of Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Moscow Region, Russian Federation
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46
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Ward SJ, Layouni R, Arshavsky-Graham S, Segal E, Weiss SM. Morlet Wavelet Filtering and Phase Analysis to Reduce the Limit of Detection for Thin Film Optical Biosensors. ACS Sens 2021; 6:2967-2978. [PMID: 34387077 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c00787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The ultimate detection limit of optical biosensors is often limited by various noise sources, including those introduced by the optical measurement setup. While sophisticated modifications to instrumentation may reduce noise, a simpler approach that can benefit all sensor platforms is the application of signal processing to minimize the deleterious effects of noise. In this work, we show that applying complex Morlet wavelet convolution to Fabry-Pérot interference fringes characteristic of thin film reflectometric biosensors effectively filters out white noise and low-frequency reflectance variations. Subsequent calculation of the average difference in extracted phase between the filtered analyte and reference signals enables a significant reduction in the limit of detection (LOD). This method is applied on experimental data sets of thin film porous silicon sensors (PSi) in buffered solution and complex media obtained from two different laboratories. The demonstrated improvement in the LOD achieved using wavelet convolution and average phase difference paves the way for PSi optical biosensors to operate with clinically relevant detection limits for medical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J. Ward
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Rabeb Layouni
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Sofia Arshavsky-Graham
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Ester Segal
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Sharon M. Weiss
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
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47
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Woodard JC, Kalisvaart WP, Sayed SY, Olsen BC, Buriak JM. Beyond Thin Films: Clarifying the Impact of c-Li 15Si 4 Formation in Thin Film, Nanoparticle, and Porous Si Electrodes. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:38147-38160. [PMID: 34362252 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c04293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The formation of the c-Li15Si4 phase has well-established detrimental effects on the capacity retention of thin film silicon electrodes. However, the role of this crystalline phase with respect to the loss of capacity is somewhat ambiguous in nanoscale morphologies. In this work, three silicon-based morphologies are examined, including planar films, porous planar films, and silicon nanoparticle composite powder electrodes. The cycling conditions are used as the lever to induce, or not induce, the formation of c-Li15Si4 through application of constant-current (CC) or constant-current constant-voltage (CCCV) steps. In this manner, the role of this phase on capacity retention and Coulombic efficiency can be determined with few other convoluting factors such as alteration of the composition or morphology of the silicon electrodes themselves. The results here confirm that the c-Li15Si4 phase increases the rate of capacity decay in planar films but has no major effect on capacity retention in half-cells based on porous silicon films or silicon nanoparticle composite powder electrodes, although this conclusion is nuanced. Besides using a constant-voltage step, formation of the c-Li15Si4 phase is influenced by the dimensions of the Si material and the lithiation cutoff voltage. Porous Si films, which, in this work, comprise primary Si particle sizes that are smaller than those in the preformed Si nanoparticle slurries, do not undergo the formation of c-Li15Si4 at 50 mV, whereas Si nanoparticle slurries are accompanied by the formation of c-Li15Si4 up to 80 mV. The solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) formed from reaction of the c-Li15Si4 with the carbonate-based electrolyte causes polarization in both nanoparticle and porous film silicon electrodes and lowers the average Coulombic efficiency. A comparison of the cumulative irreversibilities due to SEI formation between different lithiation cutoff voltages in silicon nanoparticle slurry electrodes confirmed the connection between higher SEI buildup and formation of the c-Li15Si4 phase. This work indicates that concerns about the c-Li15Si4 phase in silicon nanoparticles and porous silicon electrodes should mainly focus on the stability of the SEI and a reduction of irreversible electrolyte reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper C Woodard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - W Peter Kalisvaart
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Sayed Youssef Sayed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Brian C Olsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Jillian M Buriak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
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48
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Balderas-Valadez RF, Pacholski C. Plasmonic Nanohole Arrays on Top of Porous Silicon Sensors: A Win-Win Situation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:36436-36444. [PMID: 34297537 PMCID: PMC10015452 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c07034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Label-free optical sensors are attractive candidates, for example, for detecting toxic substances and monitoring biomolecular interactions. Their performance can be pushed by the design of the sensor through clever material choices and integration of components. In this work, two porous materials, namely, porous silicon and plasmonic nanohole arrays, are combined in order to obtain increased sensitivity and dual-mode sensing capabilities. For this purpose, porous silicon monolayers are prepared by electrochemical etching and plasmonic nanohole arrays are obtained using a bottom-up strategy. Hybrid sensors of these two materials are realized by transferring the plasmonic nanohole array on top of the porous silicon. Reflectance spectra of the hybrid sensors are characterized by a fringe pattern resulting from the Fabry-Pérot interference at the porous silicon borders, which is overlaid with a broad dip based on surface plasmon resonance in the plasmonic nanohole array. In addition, the hybrid sensor shows a significant higher reflectance in comparison to the porous silicon monolayer. The sensitivities of the hybrid sensor to refractive index changes are separately determined for both components. A significant increase in sensitivity from 213 ± 12 to 386 ± 5 nm/RIU is determined for the transfer of the plasmonic nanohole array sensors from solid glass substrates to porous silicon monolayers. In contrast, the spectral position of the interference pattern of porous silicon monolayers in different media is not affected by the presence of the plasmonic nanohole array. However, the changes in fringe pattern reflectance of the hybrid sensor are increased 3.7-fold after being covered with plasmonic nanohole arrays and could be used for high-sensitivity sensing. Finally, the capability of the hybrid sensor for simultaneous and independent dual-mode sensing is demonstrated.
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49
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Cheng R, Wang S, Moslova K, Mäkilä E, Salonen J, Li J, Hirvonen J, Xia B, Santos HA. Quantitative Analysis of Porous Silicon Nanoparticles Functionalization by 1H NMR. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 8:4132-4139. [PMID: 34292713 PMCID: PMC9554871 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Porous silicon (PSi)
nanoparticles have been applied in various
fields, such as catalysis, imaging, and biomedical applications, because
of their large specific surface area, easily modifiable surface chemistry,
biocompatibility, and biodegradability. For biomedical applications,
it is important to precisely control the surface modification of PSi-based
materials and quantify the functionalization density, which determines
the nanoparticle’s behavior in the biological system. Therefore,
we propose here an optimized solution to quantify the functionalization
groups on PSi, based on the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) method
by combining the hydrolysis with standard 1H NMR experiments.
We optimized the hydrolysis conditions to degrade the PSi, providing
mobility to the molecules for NMR detection. The NMR parameters were
also optimized by relaxation delay and the number of scans to provide
reliable NMR spectra. With an internal standard, we quantitatively
analyzed the surficial amine groups and their sequential modification
of polyethylene glycol. Our investigation provides a reliable, fast,
and straightforward method in quantitative analysis of the surficial
modification characterization of PSi requiring a small amount of sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Cheng
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Shiqi Wang
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Karina Moslova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Ermei Mäkilä
- Laboratory of Industrial Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, Turku FI-20014, Finland
| | - Jarno Salonen
- Laboratory of Industrial Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, Turku FI-20014, Finland
| | - Jiachen Li
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland.,College of Science Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology (Ministry of Education of China), Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Jouni Hirvonen
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Bing Xia
- College of Science Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology (Ministry of Education of China), Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Hélder A Santos
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland.,Helsinki Insititute of Life Science, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
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50
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Kolasinski KW. Metal-Assisted Catalytic Etching (MACE) for Nanofabrication of Semiconductor Powders. Micromachines (Basel) 2021; 12:776. [PMID: 34209231 PMCID: PMC8304928 DOI: 10.3390/mi12070776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Electroless etching of semiconductors has been elevated to an advanced micromachining process by the addition of a structured metal catalyst. Patterning of the catalyst by lithographic techniques facilitated the patterning of crystalline and polycrystalline wafer substrates. Galvanic deposition of metals on semiconductors has a natural tendency to produce nanoparticles rather than flat uniform films. This characteristic makes possible the etching of wafers and particles with arbitrary shape and size. While it has been widely recognized that spontaneous deposition of metal nanoparticles can be used in connection with etching to porosify wafers, it is also possible to produced nanostructured powders. Metal-assisted catalytic etching (MACE) can be controlled to produce (1) etch track pores with shapes and sizes closely related to the shape and size of the metal nanoparticle, (2) hierarchically porosified substrates exhibiting combinations of large etch track pores and mesopores, and (3) nanowires with either solid or mesoporous cores. This review discussed the mechanisms of porosification, processing advances, and the properties of the etch product with special emphasis on the etching of silicon powders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt W Kolasinski
- Department of Chemistry, West Chester University, West Chester, PA 19383, USA
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