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Esmeraldo Paiva A, Gerlt MS, Läubli NF, Prochukhan N, Baez Vasquez JF, Kaminski Schierle GS, Morris MA. High Aspect Ratio Nanoscale Pores through BCP-Based Metal Oxide Masks and Advanced Dry Etching. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:57960-57969. [PMID: 37861980 PMCID: PMC10739579 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The reliable and regular modification of the surface properties of substrates plays a crucial role in material research and the development of functional surfaces. A key aspect of this is the development of the surface pores and topographies. These can confer specific advantages such as high surface area as well as specific functions such as hydrophobic properties. Here, we introduce a combination of nanoscale self-assembled block-copolymer-based metal oxide masks with optimized deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) of silicon to permit the fabrication of porous topographies with aspect ratios of up to 50. Following the evaluation of our procedure and involved parameters using various techniques, such as AFM or SEM, the suitability of our features for applications relying on high light absorption as well as efficient thermal management is explored and discussed in further detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aislan Esmeraldo Paiva
- AMBER
Research Centre/School of Chemistry, Trinity
College Dublin, Dublin D02 CP49, Ireland
| | - Michael S. Gerlt
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund 22363, Sweden
- Department
of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH
Zürich, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Nino F. Läubli
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.
| | - Nadezda Prochukhan
- AMBER
Research Centre/School of Chemistry, Trinity
College Dublin, Dublin D02 CP49, Ireland
| | | | | | - Michael A. Morris
- AMBER
Research Centre/School of Chemistry, Trinity
College Dublin, Dublin D02 CP49, Ireland
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Krajewska AM, Paiva AE, Morris M, McDonald AR. Synthesis, Characterisation, and Functionalisation of Charged Two-Dimensional MoS 2. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302039. [PMID: 37534612 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
The applications of exfoliated MoS2 are limited by its inert surface and poor interface. We have activated the surface of exfoliated 2H-MoS2 by reacting it with NaBH4 , forming an n-doped material as demonstrated by a negative zeta-potential value ζ=-25 mV and a 20 nm (0.05 eV) red-shift in its photoluminescence spectrum. The novel material's spectral properties were consistent with pristine 2H-MoS2 (as determined by HR-TEM, XPS, pXRD, DRIFT, TGA, and Raman spectroscopy). Importantly, it was readily dispersed in H2 O unlike 2H-MoS2 . Its dispersibility properties were explored for a variety of solvents and could be directly correlated with the relative permittivity of the respective solvents. The charged 2H-MoS2 reacted readily with an organo-iodide to deliver functionalized 2H-MoS2 . Our approach delivers aqueous dispersions of semiconducting 2H-MoS2 , without additives or chemical functionalities, and allows for controlled and facile functionalization of 2H-MoS2 opening multiple new avenues of semi-conducting MoS2 application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra M Krajewska
- CRANN/AMBER Nanoscience Institute and School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Aislan Esmeraldo Paiva
- CRANN/AMBER Nanoscience Institute and School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Michael Morris
- CRANN/AMBER Nanoscience Institute and School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Aidan R McDonald
- CRANN/AMBER Nanoscience Institute and School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Esmeraldo Paiva A, Baez Vasquez JF, Selkirk A, Prochukhan N, G L Medeiros Borsagli F, Morris M. Highly Ordered Porous Inorganic Structures via Block Copolymer Lithography: An Application of the Versatile and Selective Infiltration of the "Inverse" P2VP- b-PS System. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:35265-35275. [PMID: 35876355 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c10338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A facile and versatile strategy was developed to produce highly ordered porous metal oxide structures via block copolymer (BCP) lithography. Phase separation of poly(2-vinylpyridine)-b-polystyrene (P2VP-b-PS) was induced by solvent vapor annealing in a nonselective solvent environment to fabricate cylindrical arrays. In this work, we thoroughly analyzed the effects of the film thickness, solvent annealing time, and temperature on the ordering of a P2VP-majority system for the first time, resulting in "inverse" structures. Reflectometry, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize the formation of the highly ordered BCP morphology and the subsequently produced metal oxide film. At 40 min solvent annealing time, hexagonally close packed structures were produced with cylinder diameters ∼40 nm. Subsequently, the BCP films were infiltrated with different metal cations. Metal ions (Cr, Fe, Ni, and Ga) selectively infiltrated the P2VP domain, while the PS did not retain any detectable amount of metal precursor. This gave rise to a metal oxide porous structure after a UV/ozone (UVO) treatment. The results showed that the metal oxide structures demonstrated high fidelity compared to the BCP template and cylindrical domains presented a similar size to the previous PS structure. Moreover, XPS analyses revealed the complete elimination of the BCP template and confirmed the presence of the metal oxides. These metal oxides were used as hard masks for pattern transfer via dry etching as a further application. Silicon nanopores were fabricated mimicking the BCP template and demonstrated a pore depth of ∼50 nm. Ultimately, this strategy can be applied to create different inorganic nanostructures for a diverse range of applications, for example, solar cells, diodes, and integrated circuits. Furthermore, by optimizing the etching parameters, deeper structures can be obtained via ICP/RIE processes, leading to many potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aislan Esmeraldo Paiva
- AMBER Research Centre/School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02W085, Ireland
| | | | - Andrew Selkirk
- AMBER Research Centre/School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02W085, Ireland
| | - Nadezda Prochukhan
- AMBER Research Centre/School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02W085, Ireland
| | - Fernanda G L Medeiros Borsagli
- Institute of Engineering, Science and Technology, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri/UFVJM, Av. 01, 4050, Janaúba, MG 39440-039, Brazil
| | - Michael Morris
- AMBER Research Centre/School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02W085, Ireland
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Medeiros Borsagli FGL, Rodrigues JS, Aguiar RA, Paiva AE, Vasquez JFB, Ramos WTDS, Allibrandini P, Rocha EPA, Gonçalves MP, de Souza FE. Low-cost luminescent scaffolds-based on thiol chitosans by microwave radiation for vertebral disc repair/theragnostic. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:2109-2118. [PMID: 35513089 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study introduces a new 3D scaffold based on thiolated chitosans with luminescence by microwave radiation using cysteine (Chi_CT_Cys) and 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (Chi_CT_MUA) for vertebral disc regeneration/theragnostic. These scaffolds were characterized by Raman, PL spectroscopy, swelling, gel-fraction, and morphologies. Cytocompatibility and mechanical behavior were evaluated. Raman showed that disulfide bonds improved the grafting degree (Chi_CT_Cys (1072 ± 136) μmol·g-1 and Chi_CT_MUA (3245 ± 105) μmol·g-1). Morphologies showed interesting characteristics. Swelling behavior showed that Chi_CT_MUA presented a slight minor swelling (2101 ± 251) % compared to Chi_CT_Cys (2589 ± 188) %. Differently, gel-fraction showed that the chemical stability of Chi_CT_Cys was worse (29 ± 4) % than Chi_CT_MUA (15 ± 3) %. PL showed a possibility to use theragnostic evaluation of points of greater compression in a vertebral disc. The mechanical behavior of Chi_CT_MUA presented better results ((70 ± 3) MPa) than Chi_CT_Cys ((37 ± 3) MPa). Cytocompatible showed that the scaffolds presented cell viability >90%. Thusly, these 3D scaffolds presented an incredible potential for tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda G L Medeiros Borsagli
- Institute of Engineering, Science and Technology, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri/UFVJM, Av. 01, 4050 Cidade Universitária, 39440-039, Janaúba, MG, Brazil.
| | - Jordane S Rodrigues
- Institute of Engineering, Science and Technology, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri/UFVJM, Av. 01, 4050 Cidade Universitária, 39440-039, Janaúba, MG, Brazil
| | - Rafaella A Aguiar
- Institute of Engineering, Science and Technology, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri/UFVJM, Av. 01, 4050 Cidade Universitária, 39440-039, Janaúba, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Welyson Tiano do Santos Ramos
- Institute of Engineering, Science and Technology, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri/UFVJM, Av. 01, 4050 Cidade Universitária, 39440-039, Janaúba, MG, Brazil
| | - Paulo Allibrandini
- Institute of Engineering, Science and Technology, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri/UFVJM, Av. 01, 4050 Cidade Universitária, 39440-039, Janaúba, MG, Brazil
| | - Elém Patrícia Alves Rocha
- Institute of Engineering, Science and Technology, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri/UFVJM, Av. 01, 4050 Cidade Universitária, 39440-039, Janaúba, MG, Brazil
| | - Max P Gonçalves
- Institute of Engineering, Science and Technology, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri/UFVJM, Av. 01, 4050 Cidade Universitária, 39440-039, Janaúba, MG, Brazil
| | - Fidel Edson de Souza
- Institute of Engineering, Science and Technology, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri/UFVJM, Av. 01, 4050 Cidade Universitária, 39440-039, Janaúba, MG, Brazil
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