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Tsai MT, Lee YC, Lin YM, Hsiao VKS, Chu CC. Exploring the Influence of Solvents on Electrochemically Etched Porous Silicon Based on Photoluminescence and Surface Morphology Analysis. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:989. [PMID: 38473462 DOI: 10.3390/ma17050989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Porous silicon (PSi) has promising applications in optoelectronic devices due to its efficient photoluminescence (PL). This study systematically investigates the effects of various organic solvents and their concentrations during electrochemical etching on the resulting PL and surface morphology of PSi. Ethanol, n-butanol, ethylene glycol (EG) and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) were employed as solvents in hydrofluoric acid (HF)-based silicon etching. The PL peak position exhibited progressive blue-shifting with increasing ethanol and EG concentrations, accompanied by reductions in the secondary peak intensity and emission linewidth. Comparatively, changes in n-butanol concentration only slightly impacted the main PL peak position. Additionally, distinct morphological transitions were observed for different solvents, with ethanol and n-butanol facilitating uniform single-layer porous structures at higher concentrations in contrast to the excessive etching caused by EG and DMF resulting in PL quenching. These results highlight the complex interdependencies between solvent parameters such as polarity, volatility and viscosity in modulating PSi properties through their influence on surface wetting, diffusion and etching kinetics. The findings provide meaningful guidelines for selecting suitable solvent conditions to tune PSi characteristics for optimized device performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ting Tsai
- Department of Medical Applied Chemistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Lee
- Department of Applied Materials and Optoelectronic Engineering, National Chi Nan University, Nantou 54561, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Mei Lin
- Department of Applied Materials and Optoelectronic Engineering, National Chi Nan University, Nantou 54561, Taiwan
| | - Vincent K S Hsiao
- Department of Applied Materials and Optoelectronic Engineering, National Chi Nan University, Nantou 54561, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chien Chu
- Department of Medical Applied Chemistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Education, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
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2
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Liang LY, Kung YH, Hsiao VKS, Chu CC. Reduction of Nitroaromatics by Gold Nanoparticles on Porous Silicon Fabricated Using Metal-Assisted Chemical Etching. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:nano13111805. [PMID: 37299708 DOI: 10.3390/nano13111805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the use of porous silicon (PSi) fabricated using metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE) as a substrate for the deposition of Au nanoparticles (NPs) for the reduction of nitroaromatic compounds. PSi provides a high surface area for the deposition of Au NPs, and MACE allows for the fabrication of a well-defined porous structure in a single step. We used the reduction of p-nitroaniline as a model reaction to evaluate the catalytic activity of Au NPs on PSi. The results indicate that the Au NPs on the PSi exhibited excellent catalytic activity, which was affected by the etching time. Overall, our results highlighted the potential of PSi fabricated using MACE as a substrate for the deposition of metal NPs for catalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yi Liang
- Department of Medical Applied Chemistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Han Kung
- Department of Applied Materials and Optoelectronic Engineering, National Chi Nan University, Nantou 54561, Taiwan
| | - Vincent K S Hsiao
- Department of Applied Materials and Optoelectronic Engineering, National Chi Nan University, Nantou 54561, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chien Chu
- Department of Medical Applied Chemistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Education, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
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3
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Wang BY, Wang JY, Chang WW, Chu CC. A dendrimer-functionalized turn-on fluorescence probe based on enzyme-activated debonding feature of azobenzene linkage. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj03943a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The hypoxic feature of tumors has led to researchers developing hypoxia-activated prodrugs and probes that leverage oxidoreductases overexpressed in tumor tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Yen Wang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua City 50006, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Sanmin Dist., Kaohsiung City 80708, Taiwan
- Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung Hsing University, No. 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung City 40227, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, No. 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung City 40227, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Yi Wang
- Department of Medical Applied Chemistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Wei Chang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chien Chu
- Department of Medical Applied Chemistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Education, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
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4
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Chen LH, Shen HT, Chang WH, Khalil I, Liao SY, Yehye WA, Liu SC, Chu CC, Hsiao VKS. Photocatalytic Properties of Graphene/Gold and Graphene Oxide/Gold Nanocomposites Synthesized by Pulsed Laser Induced Photolysis. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:nano10101985. [PMID: 33036455 PMCID: PMC7599496 DOI: 10.3390/nano10101985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Graphene (Gr)/gold (Au) and graphene-oxide (GO)/Au nanocomposites (NCPs) were synthesized by performing pulsed-laser-induced photolysis (PLIP) on hydrogen peroxide and chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) that coexisted with Gr or GO in an aqueous solution. A 3-month-long aqueous solution stability was observed in the NCPs synthesized without using surfactants and additional processing. The synthesized NCPs were characterized using absorption spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction to prove the existence of hybrid Gr/Au or GO/Au NCPs. The synthesized NCPs were further evaluated using the photocatalytic reaction of methylene blue (MB), a synthetic dye, under UV radiation, visible light (central wavelength of 470 nm), and full spectrum of solar light. Both Gr/Au and GO/Au NCPs exhibited photocatalytic degradation of MB under solar light illumination with removal efficiencies of 92.1% and 94.5%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hsiou Chen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 427, Taiwan; (L.-H.C.); (H.-T.S.)
| | - Huan-Ting Shen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 427, Taiwan; (L.-H.C.); (H.-T.S.)
| | - Wen-Hsin Chang
- Department of Medical Applied Chemistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
| | - Ibrahim Khalil
- Department of Applied Materials and Optoelectronic Engineering, National Chi Nan University, Nantou 54561, Taiwan;
- Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Su-Yu Liao
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Chi Nan University, Nantou 54561, Taiwan;
| | - Wageeh A. Yehye
- Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Shih-Chuan Liu
- Department of Health Diet and Industry Management, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
| | - Chih-Chien Chu
- Department of Medical Applied Chemistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Education, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-C.C.); (V.K.S.H.)
| | - Vincent K. S. Hsiao
- Department of Applied Materials and Optoelectronic Engineering, National Chi Nan University, Nantou 54561, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (C.-C.C.); (V.K.S.H.)
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Hsia LY, Chen HN, Chiang CH, Hung MY, Wei HK, Luo CW, Kuo MY, Luo SY, Chu CC. π-Extended Coumarins Derived with Nonhydrolyzable Iminophosphoranes as Two-Photon-Excited Fluorophores. J Org Chem 2020; 85:9361-9366. [PMID: 32512991 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Novel coumarin-iminophosphorane (IPP) fluorophores that have stable resonance contributions from aza-ylides were formed by using the nonhydrolysis Staudinger reaction. The N═P formation reaction kinetics obey the conventional Staudinger reaction. The absorption and emission profiles of the coumarin-IPP derivatives can be fine-tuned: an electron-donating group at PPh3 enhances absorption and fluorescence, whereas an electron-withdrawing group at C-3 drives absorption and emission peaks toward blue-light wavelengths. Two-photon adsorption, accompanied by anti-Stokes fluorescence, is achieved under near-infrared femtosecond laser excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Yu Hsia
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 403, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ni Chen
- Department of Medical Applied Chemistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hao Chiang
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 403, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yang Hung
- Department of Medical Applied Chemistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Keng Wei
- Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Luo
- Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yu Kuo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, Puli 545, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Yuan Luo
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 403, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chien Chu
- Department of Medical Applied Chemistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Education, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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Wang BY, Lin YC, Lai YT, Ou JY, Chang WW, Chu CC. Targeted photoresponsive carbazole–coumarin and drug conjugates for efficient combination therapy in leukemia cancer cells. Bioorg Chem 2020; 100:103904. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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7
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Ou JY, Shih YC, Wang BY, Chu CC. Photodegradable coumarin-derived amphiphilic dendrons for DNA binding: Self-assembly and phototriggered disassembly in water and air-water interface. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 175:428-435. [PMID: 30562717 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we demonstrate the self-assembly and photoresponive behavior of a novel coumarin-based amphiphilic dendron in both aqueous solution and air-water interface. The dendritic structure, namely C-IG1, was composed of a lipophilic cholesterol and hydrophilic poly(amido amine) (PAMAM) dendron, and the amphiphilic counterpart is interconnected by a photolabile coumarin carbonate ester, enabling the photoinduced degradation of the amphiphiles in protic solvents via SN1-like mechanism. A Nile red solubilization fluorescence assay suggests a low critical aggregation concentration for the micelle formation of C-IG1 in aqueous solutions (3.9 × 10-5 M); the Langmuir analysis further indicates that C-IG1 possesses significant compressibility in air-water interface, eventually forming homogeneous monolayers with a final molecular area (A0) of 36 Å2. Notably, the micelles and Langmuir monolayer are quite stable until photo-triggered dissociation based on the photocleavage of C-IG1 amphiphile activated by 365-nm incident light. Moreover, the transition in interfacial morphology of the Langmuir monolayer during the assembly and photodegradation processes also can be visually analyzed by incorporating Nile red probes with in situ monitoring through fluorescence microscopy. The thin film deposited on a glass substrate by the Langmuir-Blodgett technique also shows a photoresponsive behavior based on the change in the contact angles of a water droplet on the surface upon light stimulation. The binding affinity of C-IG1 and cyclic DNA determined by the fluorescence quenching analysis of the coumarin reporter suggests a ground-state macromolecular complexation process occurring through polyvalent interactions between the pseudodendrimers and biomacromolecules. The ethidium bromide displacement assay further indicates thus dendriplex formation at low nitrogen-to-phosphorous value (N/P < 1) and confirms that the decomplexation accompanied by DNA release can be achieved through an active phototriggered route under spatiotemporal control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yu Ou
- Department of Medical Applied Chemistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chan Shih
- Department of Medical Applied Chemistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Yen Wang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua County, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan; Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan; Center of General Education, Ming Dao University, Changhua County, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Chien Chu
- Department of Medical Applied Chemistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan; Department of Medical Education, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan.
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8
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Wang BY, Liao ML, Hong GC, Chang WW, Chu CC. Near-Infrared-Triggered Photodynamic Therapy toward Breast Cancer Cells Using Dendrimer-Functionalized Upconversion Nanoparticles. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2017; 7:E269. [PMID: 28892021 PMCID: PMC5618380 DOI: 10.3390/nano7090269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Water-soluble upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) that exhibit significant ultraviolet, blue, and red emissions under 980-nm laser excitation were successfully synthesized for performing near infrared (NIR)-triggered photodynamic therapy (PDT). The lanthanide-doped UCNPs bearing oleate ligands were first exchanged by citrates to generate polyanionic surfaces and then sequentially encapsulated with NH₂-terminated poly(amido amine) (PAMAM) dendrimers (G4) and chlorine6 (Ce6) using a layer-by-layer (LBL) absorption strategy. Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis confirm that the hybrid UCNPs possess a polygonal morphology with an average dimension of 16.0 ± 2.1 nm and α-phase crystallinity. A simple calculation derived through thermogravimetric analysis revealed that one polycationic G4 dendrimer could be firmly accommodated by approximately 150 polyanionic citrates through multivalent interactions. Moreover, zeta potential measurements indicated that the LBL fabrication results in the hybrid nanoparticles with positively charged surfaces originated from these dendrimers, which assist the cellular uptake in biological specimens. The cytotoxic singlet oxygen based on the photosensitization of the adsorbed Ce6 through the upconversion emissions can be readily accumulated by increasing the irradiation time of the incident lasers. Compared with that of 660-nm lasers, NIR-laser excitation exhibits optimized in vitro PDT effects toward human breast cancer MCF-7 cells cultured in the tumorspheres, and less than 40% of cells survived under a low Ce6 dosage of 2.5 × 10-7 M. Fluorescence microscopy analysis indicated that the NIR-driven PDT causes more effective destruction of the cells located inside spheres that exhibit significant cancer stem cell or progenitor cell properties. Moreover, an in vivo assessment based on immunohistochemical analysis for a 4T1 tumor-bearing mouse model confirmed the effective inhibition of cancer cell proliferation through cellular DNA damage by the expression of Ki67 and γH2AXser139 protein markers. Thus, the hybrid UCNPs are a promising NIR-triggered PDT module for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Yen Wang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua County 50006, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan.
- Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 40227, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Liang Liao
- Department of Medical Applied Chemistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan.
| | - Guan-Ci Hong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Wei Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Chien Chu
- Department of Medical Applied Chemistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Education, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan.
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9
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Lai YS, Kao CL, Chen YP, Fang CC, Hu CC, Chu CC. Photodegradable self-assembling PAMAM dendrons for gene delivery involving dendriplex formation and phototriggered circular DNA release. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj03173g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Photoresponsive amphiphilic dendron bearing a photolabile o-nitrobenzyl group possesses self-assembly, DNA binding and photo-induced release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Sen Lai
- Department of Medical Applied Chemistry
- Chung Shan Medical University
- Taichung 40201
- Taiwan
| | - Chai-Lin Kao
- Department of Medical and Applied Chemistry
- Kaohsiung Medical University
- Kaohsiung 80708
- Taiwan
| | - Ya-Pei Chen
- Department of Medical Applied Chemistry
- Chung Shan Medical University
- Taichung 40201
- Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chia Fang
- Department of Medical Applied Chemistry
- Chung Shan Medical University
- Taichung 40201
- Taiwan
| | - Chao-Chin Hu
- Department of Medical Applied Chemistry
- Chung Shan Medical University
- Taichung 40201
- Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chien Chu
- Department of Medical Applied Chemistry
- Chung Shan Medical University
- Taichung 40201
- Taiwan
- Department of Medical Education
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10
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Huang TC, Chen YY, Chu CC, Hsiao VKS. Optothermal Switching of Cholesteric Liquid Crystals: A Study of Azobenzene Derivatives and Laser Wavelengths. Materials (Basel) 2015; 8:6071-6084. [PMID: 28793552 PMCID: PMC5512900 DOI: 10.3390/ma8095293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The laser-initiated thermal (optothermal) switching of cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs) is characterized by using different azobenzene (Azo) derivatives and laser wavelengths. Under 405-nm laser irradiation, Azo-doped CLCs undergo phase transition from cholesteric to isotropic. No cis-to-trans photoisomerization occurs when the 405-nm laser irradiation is blocked because only a single laser is used. The fast response of Azo-doped CLCs under the on-off switching of the 405-nm laser occurs because of the optothermal effect of the system. The 660-nm laser, which cannot be used as irradiation to generate the trans-cis photoisomerization of Azo, is used in Anthraquinone (AQ)-Azo-doped CLCs to examine the optothermal effect of doped Azo. The results show that the LC-like Azo derivative bearing two methyl groups ortho to the Azo moiety (A4) can greatly lower the clearing temperature and generate large amount of heat in AQ-A4-doped CLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Chieh Huang
- Department of Applied Materials and Optoelectronic Engineering, National Chi Nan University, Nantou 54561, Taiwan.
| | - Yen-Yu Chen
- Graduate Program of Optoelectronic Technology, National Chi Nan University, Nantou 54561, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Chien Chu
- Department of Medical Applied Chemistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
| | - Vincent K S Hsiao
- Department of Applied Materials and Optoelectronic Engineering, National Chi Nan University, Nantou 54561, Taiwan.
- Graduate Program of Optoelectronic Technology, National Chi Nan University, Nantou 54561, Taiwan.
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Chu CC, Chang YC, Tsai BK, Lin TC, Lin JH, Hsiao VKS. trans/cis-Isomerization of Fluorene-Bridged Azo Chromophore with Significant Two-Photon Absorbability at Near-Infrared Wavelength. Chem Asian J 2014; 9:3390-6. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201402896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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12
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Kan WC, Wang JJ, Sun YM, Hung CY, Chu CC, Chien CC. The comorbidity scoring systems for predicting survival in elderly dialysis patients and additional management strategies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.13172/2053-0293-1-2-762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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13
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Lin YJ, Tsai BK, Tu CJ, Jeng J, Chu CC. Synthesis of β-cyclodextrin and poly(amido amine) dendron click cluster and its synergistic binding property. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.12.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Hockaday LA, Kang KH, Colangelo NW, Cheung PYC, Duan B, Malone E, Wu J, Girardi LN, Bonassar LJ, Lipson H, Chu CC, Butcher JT. Rapid 3D printing of anatomically accurate and mechanically heterogeneous aortic valve hydrogel scaffolds. Biofabrication 2012; 4:035005. [PMID: 22914604 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5082/4/3/035005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 367] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aortic valve exhibits complex three-dimensional (3D) anatomy and heterogeneity essential for the long-term efficient biomechanical function. These are, however, challenging to mimic in de novo engineered living tissue valve strategies. We present a novel simultaneous 3D printing/photocrosslinking technique for rapidly engineering complex, heterogeneous aortic valve scaffolds. Native anatomic and axisymmetric aortic valve geometries (root wall and tri-leaflets) with 12-22 mm inner diameters (ID) were 3D printed with poly-ethylene glycol-diacrylate (PEG-DA) hydrogels (700 or 8000 MW) supplemented with alginate. 3D printing geometric accuracy was quantified and compared using Micro-CT. Porcine aortic valve interstitial cells (PAVIC) seeded scaffolds were cultured for up to 21 days. Results showed that blended PEG-DA scaffolds could achieve over tenfold range in elastic modulus (5.3±0.9 to 74.6±1.5 kPa). 3D printing times for valve conduits with mechanically contrasting hydrogels were optimized to 14 to 45 min, increasing linearly with conduit diameter. Larger printed valves had greater shape fidelity (93.3±2.6, 85.1±2.0 and 73.3±5.2% for 22, 17 and 12 mm ID porcine valves; 89.1±4.0, 84.1±5.6 and 66.6±5.2% for simplified valves). PAVIC seeded scaffolds maintained near 100% viability over 21 days. These results demonstrate that 3D hydrogel printing with controlled photocrosslinking can rapidly fabricate anatomical heterogeneous valve conduits that support cell engraftment.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Hockaday
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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Abstract
According to the IMGT/HLA Database, the DNA sequence of A*11:53 is identical to A*11:02:01 in exons 2, 3, 4 and 5 except at codon 276. A*11:53 was reported as a rare variant of A*11, while A*11:02:01 was understood to be the second most frequently observed variant of A*11 after A*11:01:01 in Taiwanese. We sequenced HLA-A locus exons 2, 3, 4 and 5 of Taiwanese blood donors (n = 50) previously typed to carry A*11:02:01. We found out all of their sequences are identical to A*11:53 in exons 2, 3, 4 and 5' part of exon 5 including codon 276.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Yang
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Tzu Chi Stem Cells Centre, Buddhist Tzu Chi Marrow Donor Registry, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Buddhist Compassion Relief Tzu Chi Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
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16
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Jokhadze G, Machaidze M, Panosyan H, Chu CC, Katsarava R. Synthesis and characterization of functional elastomeric poly(ester amide) co-polymers. Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition 2012; 18:411-38. [PMID: 17540117 DOI: 10.1163/156856207780425031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A new family of random co-poly(ester amides)s (co-PEAs) having reactive pendant functional carboxylic acid groups were synthesized by co-polycondensation of di-p-toluenesulfonic acid salts of bis-(L-alpha-amino acid (L-leucine and/or L-phenylalanine)) alpha,omega-alkylene diesters with active diesters of dicarboxylic acids using di-p-toluenesulfonic acid salt of L-lysine benzyl ester as a co-monomer. The lateral benzyl ester groups in the L-lysine segment of co-PEAs were subsequently transformed into free COOH groups by catalytic hydrogenolysis using Pd black as a catalyst. The co-PEA-based polyacids obtained, as well as the original co-PEA having lateral benzyl ester groups were characterized by standard methods. In vitro biodegradation studies in the presence of hydrolases like alpha-chymotrypsin and lipase showed significant enzymatic-catalyzed biodegradation of these co-PEAs. These co-PEA-based polyacids were used for covalent attachment of iminoxyl radicals (4-amino-TEMPO) and in vitro biodegradation of 4-aminoTEMPO attached polymer was studied along with releasing kinetic of iminoxyl radical.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Jokhadze
- Research Centre for Medical Polymers and Biomaterials, Georgian Technical University, P.O. Box 24, Tbilisi 0179, Georgia, USA
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Chu CC, Hung CS, Imae T, Tai Y. Direct formation of platinum nanoparticles by internally isopropanol-modified dendritic poly(amido amine). J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2012; 12:2573-2580. [PMID: 22755092 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2012.5742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report a reducing agent-free method for preparing platinum (Pt) nanoparticles by internally isopropanol (IPA)-modified dendritic poly(amido amine) (PAMAM). The internally modified dendritic PAMAM were synthesized via divergent strategy using 1,3-diaminopropanol as a linking spacer, and NMR analyses confirm the embedded IPA moieties within the dendrimers by the appearance of characteristic proton and carbon resonances at 3.81 and 67.9 ppm, respectively. The in situ formation of stable Pt colloids was carried out by thermal treatment in the presence of internally modified dendritic PAMAM bearing either ester or alcohol peripherals, suggesting that the internal IPA functionalities dominate the reduction of Pt4+ ions. Moreover, the overall reducing rate was accelerated with increasing pH values. This result agreed with a reaction feature for preparing metal nanocomposites through polyol process in which basic environment facilitates the thermal-promoted reduction of metal ions accompanied with the oxidation of internal hydroxyl groups. The morphology of the dendrimer/Pt composite monitored by a transmission electron microscope (TEM) exhibited narrowly dispersed and roughly spherical shaped nanoparticles with a mean diameter of 5.4 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chien Chu
- School of Applied Chemistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
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18
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Tsai BK, Chen CH, Hung CH, Hsiao VKS, Chu CC. Photoswitchable fluorescence on/off behavior between cis- and trans-rich azobenzenes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm34776h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Tsai YJ, Hu CC, Chu CC, Imae T. Intrinsically fluorescent PAMAM dendrimer as gene carrier and nanoprobe for nucleic acids delivery: bioimaging and transfection study. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:4283-90. [PMID: 22029823 DOI: 10.1021/bm201196p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This study successfully evaluated gene delivery and transfection toward rat C6 glioma cell lines mediated by intrinsic blue fluorescent poly(amido amine) (PAMAM) dendrimer. We used three antisense oligonucleotides, (AS-ODN) p75, NGF1, and NGF2 for knocking down specific protein expressions. The three oligonucleotides were electrostatically associated with the photoluminescent amino-terminated PAMAM dendrimer to yield fluorescent complexes at various nitrogen-to-phosphorus (N/P) ratios. Compared with pristine PAMAM dendrimer and hyperbranched polyethylenimine (PEI), the fluorescent PAMAM dendrimer revealed lower in vitro cytotoxicity toward C6 cells, allowing us to transfect the cells with the AS-ODN complexes under a higher N/P ratio. Due to the intrinsic fluorescence, cellular uptake behavior could be directly analyzed by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry, without additional fluorescence labeling. As expected, the result clearly suggested that the uptake efficiency increased as the N/P value increased. Furthermore, the quantified data obtained from flow cytometry indicated relatively higher uptake efficiency for the p75 complex, which is mainly due to different association patterns between the fluorescent dendrimer and AS-ODNs. At N/P = 20, atomic force microscopic analysis confirmed that the p75 complex formed well-condensed, spherical particles with dimensions less than 200 nm, but that NGF2 AS-ODN associated poorly with the dendrimer. Finally, Western blot analysis indicated that these complexes were capable of knocking down the specific protein expression to a certain level, being comparable to the hyperbranched PEI-mediated gene transfection. Our preliminary results clearly indicated that intrinsic fluorescent PAMAM dendrimers show promise as gene vehicles that can achieve delivery, transfection, and bioimaging at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ju Tsai
- School of Applied Chemistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Chu CC, Tsai YJ, Hsiao LC, Wang L. Controlled Self-Aggregation of C60-Anchored Multiarmed Polyacrylic Acids and Their Cytotoxicity Evaluation. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma2013404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chien Chu
- School of Applied Chemistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ju Tsai
- School of Applied Chemistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chia Hsiao
- School of Applied Chemistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Leeyih Wang
- Center for Condensed Matter Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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Chen MJ, Chu CC, Shyr MH, Lin CL, Lin PY, Yang KL. Identification of a novel HLA-DQB1 allele, DQB1*0326, in a College of American Pathologists 2009 survey specimen. Int J Immunogenet 2011; 37:455-7. [PMID: 20618518 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.2010.00947.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We identified a novel DQB1*0326 allele from a proficiency test sample provided by the College of American Pathologists (CAP) medical society. This novel DQB1 allele was unexpectedly discovered by sequence-based typing method in an attempt to resolve a discrepant typing result between the CAP survey report and our laboratory report. This novel DQB1 allele is most similar to DQB1*030302 and DQB1*0311. DQB1*0326 has a nucleotide substitution resulting an amino acid change when compared with DQB1*030302 (M to L) and it differs from DQB1*0311 by one nucleotide variation causing an amino acid replacement (A to D).
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Chen
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Cord Blood Bank, Buddhist Tzu Chi Stem Cells Centre and Marrow Donor Registry, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Buddhist Compassion Relief Tzu Chi Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
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Chu CC, Ueno N, Imae T. Immobilization of amphiphilic dendron on silica particles toward the application to ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2010; 10:5324-5327. [PMID: 21125891 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2010.2219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Amphiphilic poly(amido amine) (PAMAM) dendrons were immobilized on the surface of silica particles, following the solid phase strategy. PAMAM dendrons were constructed by the repetitive feeding of methyl acrylate and ethylenediamine as the monomers. The peripheral functionalization of amine to long alkyl ends generated the amphiphilic PAMAM dendron on the silica surface. These amphiphilic dendron-modified silica particles were applicable as new packing materials for ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chien Chu
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Kohuku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
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Adhikari PD, Tai Y, Ujihara M, Chu CC, Imae T, Motojima S. Surface functionalization of carbon micro coils and their selective immobilization on surface-modified silicon substrates. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2010; 10:833-839. [PMID: 20352725 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2010.1886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Surface functionalization of carbon micro coils (CMCs) was performed by acid treatment at different times. Nitric acid oxidation produced CMC with acidic functional groups, although morphology of CMCs was modified after the oxidation. The selective immobilization of as-prepared CMC from an aqueous dispersion was examined on differently surface-modified silicon substrates. It was confirmed that the acid-treated CMC was selectively immobilized on a silicon substrate by chemical bonding with amine-terminated self-assembled monolayers on a silicon substrate, while the pristine CMC was not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanta Dhoj Adhikari
- Graduate Institute of Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 43 Keelung Road, Taipei-106, Taiwan
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Chen MJ, Chu CC, Shyr MH, Lin CL, Lin PY, Yang KL. Detection of a rare Caucasoid HLA-DRB1*0337 in a Taiwanese bone marrow donor using sequence-based typing method. Int J Immunogenet 2009; 37:1-3. [PMID: 19758311 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.2009.00879.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We here describe the identification of HLA-DRB1*0337, using sequence-based typing (SBT) method, in a Taiwanese bone marrow donor intrigued by a casual curiosity on the donor's racial background. On high-resolution sequence-specific primer (SSP) typing we observed misleading reaction patterns due to similarity of DNA sequences in the exon 2 of DRB1*0301, *0317, *0337 and *1139. When encountering rare alleles in HLA typing, it is important to pay extra attentions to avoid pitfalls and shortcomings of SSP typing kits routinely used and bear in mind that constant up-dating of high-resolution SSP typing kits to be able to distinguish newly reported alleles. SBT may be considered as a back-up HLA typing method to confirm rare alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Chen
- Buddhist Tzu Chi Marrow Donor Registry and Cord Blood Bank, Buddhist Tzu Chi Stem Cells Centre, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Buddhist Compassion Relief Tzu Chi Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
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Chen MJ, Chu CC, Shyr MH, Lin CL, Lin PY, Yang KL. A novel HLA-B allele, B*5214, detected in a Taiwanese volunteer bone marrow donor using a sequence-based typing method. Int J Immunogenet 2009; 37:39-41. [PMID: 19735312 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.2009.00876.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
HLA-B*5214, a novel rare allele of HLA-B*52 variant, was found in a Taiwanese volunteer bone marrow donor by sequence-based typing method. The sequence of B*5214 is identical to that of B*520101 in exon 2 but differs from B*520101 in exon 3 at nucleotide positions 419 A-->T and 435 A-->G. Alteration of these two nucleotides resulted an amino acid substitution at amino acid residue 116 Y-->F ( TAC-->TTC) and a silent exchange at residue 121 K-->K (AAA-->AAG).
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Chen
- Buddhist Tzu Chi Stem Cells Centre, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Centre, Buddhist Compassion Relief Tzu Chi Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
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26
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Lee HL, Chu CC, Trejaut JA, Yang KL, Lin M. Identification of two novel HLA-DRB1 alleles, HLA-DRB1*1214 and HLA-DRB1*1215, in two Taiwanese individuals. Int J Immunogenet 2009; 35:423-6. [PMID: 19046299 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.2008.00785.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Two novel HLA-DRB1 alleles, HLA-DRB1*1214 and HLA-DRB1*1215, were found in Taiwan using sequence-based typing method. DRB1*1214 differs from DRB1*120101 by two nucleotide substitutions on exon 2, causing amino acid changes at codon 37 (L-->F) and codon 38 (L-->V). We suggest that DRB1*1214 is the product of a gene conversion between DRB1*120101 and DRB1*140101 or DRB1*1405 and that HLA-DRB1*1215 differs from DRB1*120201 by one single nucleotide transition at exon 2, thereby causing amino acid change at codon 37 (L-->F).
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Lee
- Transfusion Medicine and Molecular Anthropology Research Laboratory, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Abstract
Here we report the identification and sequence analysis of a new HLA-A11* variant, A*1131 allele, found in a Taiwanese volunteer bone marrow donor. The novel A*11 variant is identical to A*1125 in exon 2 but differs from A*1125 in exon 3 by one nucleotide substitution at position 527 causing an amino acid change at codon 152 E-->V (GAG-->GTG). In comparison with HLA-A*110101, allele A*1131 has three nucleotide differences in exon 3: 527 C-->T, 538 C-->T and 539 A-->T leading to two amino acid variations at residues 152 A-->V and 156 Q-->L.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Chen
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Cord Blood Bank, Buddhist Tzu Chi Stem Cells Centre and Marrow Donor Registry, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Buddhist Compassion Relief Tzu Chi Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
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Pan CF, Wu CJ, Chen HH, Dang CW, Chang FM, Liu HF, Chu CC, Lin M, Lee YJ. Molecular analysis of HLA-DRB1 allelic associations with systemic lupus erythematous and lupus nephritis in Taiwan. Lupus 2009; 18:698-704. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203308101955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the association of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)–DRB1 alleles with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and lupus nephritis (LN) in the Taiwanese population, and to investigate the possible association of HLA-DRB1 alleles with disease severity in LN. HLA-DRB1 alleles were studied in 105 SLE patients (82 patients with LN, 23 patients without LN) and 855 healthy controls by polymerase chain reaction and sequence-based typing assays. The frequency of the HLA class II alleles DRB1*0301 (Odds ratio [OR] = 2.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.31–3.10, Pc = 0.02) and DRB1*1501 (OR = 2.06, 95% CI = 1.36–3.13, Pc = 0.01) were both increased in SLE patients, compared to healthy controls. The frequency of DRB1*1202 was significantly lower in LN patients than in SLE patients without nephritis (OR = 0.23, 95% CI = 0.09–0.57, Pc = 0.01). No specific allele was significantly associated with an increased or decreased risk for severity of LN in this sample. In Taiwanese people, the DRB1*0301 and DRB1*1501 alleles are significant risk factors for SLE, while the DRB1*1202 allele is protective for LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- CF Pan
- Departments of Nephrology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei; Departments of Mackay Medicine, Nursing and Management College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - CJ Wu
- Departments of Nephrology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei
| | - HH Chen
- Departments of Nephrology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei
| | - CW Dang
- Departments of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei
| | - FM Chang
- Departments of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei
| | - HF Liu
- Departments of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei
| | - CC Chu
- Departments of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei
| | - M Lin
- Departments of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei
| | - YJ Lee
- Departments of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei; Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Departments of Pediatrics, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei
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Chen MJ, Yang TC, Chu CC, Shyr MH, Lin CL, Lin PY, Yang KL. Detection of a novel HLA-B27 allele, B*2740, in Taiwanese volunteer bone marrow donors by sequence-based typing: curiosity rewarded. Int J Immunogenet 2009; 36:207-11. [PMID: 19476482 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.2009.00849.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We report here a novel HLA-B allele, B*2740, discovered in Taiwanese volunteer marrow donors. The new sequence has nucleotide variation at position 527 (T-->A) as compared to B*2708. The nucleotide change caused an amino acid substitution from valine (V) to glutamic acid (E) at codon 152. Since B*2740 carries sequence confers to HLA-Bw6 public epitope we believe that this novel B*27 allele might have been generated from a gene conversion involving a Bw4-specific allele (probably B*2704) and a Bw6-specific allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Chen
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Cord Blood Bank, Buddhist Tzu Chi Marrow Donor Registry and Stem Cells Centre, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Buddhist Compassion Relief Tzu Chi Foundation, 707 Section 3 Chung Yang Road, Hualien, Taiwan
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chien Chu
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Kohuku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Toyoko Imae
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Kohuku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
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Chu CC, Imae T. Fluorescence Investigations of Oxygen-Doped Simple Amine Compared with Fluorescent PAMAM Dendrimer. Macromol Rapid Commun 2008; 30:89-93. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200800571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2008] [Revised: 10/28/2008] [Accepted: 10/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Chu CC, Wang YW, Yeh CF, Wang L. Synthesis of Conductive Core−Shell Nanoparticles Based on Amphiphilic Starburst Poly(n-butyl acrylate)-b-poly(styrenesulfonate). Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma7027243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chien Chu
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106, and Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106
| | - Yih-Wen Wang
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106, and Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106
| | - Chih-Fu Yeh
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106, and Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106
| | - Leeyih Wang
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106, and Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Chen
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Tzu-Chi Stem Cells Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Compassion Relief Tzu Chi Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
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Chu CC, Fang GC, Lin IC, Chou TY. Measurement and analysis of ambient air particulates and ionic species for composition and concentration studies at the western coast of central Taiwan. Toxicol Ind Health 2008; 24:137-45. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233707084603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Air-polluting aerosol samples consisting of total suspended particulates, coarse particulates (>2.5~10 μm in diameter), fine particulates (<2.5 μm in diameter), and ionic species were collected from March 2004 to January 2005 at the western coast of central Taiwan. Statistical methods such as nonparametric test and T statistical analysis were also employed to distinguish the variation difference for pollutants among four seasons in this study. Seasonal variation of ionic species SO42− in the total suspended particulates and fine particulates shows that higher composition was observed among four seasons. The results of T statistical analysis revealed that the concentrations of ionic species NO3− showed no significant changes in coarse and fine particulates among the four seasons. In addition, the results also revealed that the concentrations of ionic species Na+ showed no significant changes in coarse and fine particulates in the seasons of spring and autumn at the western coast of central Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- CC Chu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Shalu, Taichung 433, Taiwan; Department of Environmental Engineering, Hungkuang University, Sha-Lu, Taichung 433, Taiwan
| | - GC Fang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Shalu, Taichung 433, Taiwan; Department of Environmental Engineering, Hungkuang University, Sha-Lu, Taichung 433, Taiwan
| | - IC Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Shalu, Taichung 433, Taiwan; Department of Environmental Engineering, Hungkuang University, Sha-Lu, Taichung 433, Taiwan
| | - TY Chou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Shalu, Taichung 433, Taiwan; Department of Environmental Engineering, Hungkuang University, Sha-Lu, Taichung 433, Taiwan
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Wang TF, Liu YH, Chu CC, Shieh JP, Tzeng JI, Wang JJ. Low-dose haloperidol prevents post-operative nausea and vomiting after ambulatory laparoscopic surgery. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2008; 52:280-4. [PMID: 17999708 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2007.01525.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We evaluated the prophylactic effect of low-dose haloperidol (1 mg) on post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in women undergoing ambulatory laparoscopic surgery. Droperidol (0.625 mg) and saline were controls. METHODS One hundred and fifty women undergoing ambulatory laparoscopic surgery under general anaesthesia were enrolled in this randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study. After tracheal intubation, the haloperidol group (n=50) received intravenous haloperidol (1 mg), the droperidol group (n=50) received intravenous droperidol (0.625 mg), and the saline group (n=50) received intravenous saline. RESULTS Haloperidol- and droperidol-group patients reported a lower incidence of PONV [24% and 23% vs. 49% (saline group); P<0.05] and requested fewer doses of rescue antiemetics [13% and 16% vs. 38% (saline group); P<0.05] during the first four post-operative hours. During the 24-h post-operative period, haloperidol- and droperidol-group patients also reported a lower incidence of PONV [31% and 32% vs. 62% (saline group); P<0.01]. No differences were found between the haloperidol and droperidol groups. CONCLUSION Like droperidol (0.625 mg), prophylactic intravenous haloperidol (1 mg) significantly reduced the incidence of PONV in women undergoing ambulatory laparoscopic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- T F Wang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Chi-Mei Medical Centre, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Abstract
We report here a novel HLA-DRB1 allele, DRB1*0461, discovered in a Taiwanese volunteer marrow donor. The new sequence has nucleotide variation at positions 260 (C-->A) and 261 (C-->G), i.e. codon 58, as compared to DRB1*0408. Nucleotide change caused an amino acid substitution from alanine to glutamic acid. We believe that the gene conversion took place between DRB1*0405 and DRB1*1101 based on sequence homology and gene frequency in population studies. In comparison to DRB1*0405, DRB1*0461 has two amino acid changes at codons 57 and 58. Amino acid residue substitution at position 57 may affect peptide-binding environment at pocket P9 of the antigen-binding groove of the MHC molecule. This would have potential effect in peptide binding as well as in T-cell recognition, which could have clinical significance in bone marrow and organ transplantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Chen
- Laboratory Of Immunogenetics, Tzu Chi Stem Cells Centre, Marrow Donor Registry, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Buddhist Compassion Relief Tzu Chi Foundation, 707 Section 3 Chung Yang Road, Hualien 970, Taiwan
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Guo K, Chu CC. Controlled release of paclitaxel from biodegradable unsaturated poly(ester amide)s/poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate hydrogels. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed 2007; 18:489-504. [PMID: 17550654 DOI: 10.1163/156856207780852569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Biodegradable hydrogels (FPBe-G) were synthesized by the photopolymerization of two precursors: FPBe, a fumurate-based unsaturated poly(ester amide) (UPEA), and poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEG-DA). Depending on the feed ratio of these two precursors, the resultant FPBe-G hydrogels showed different crosslinking levels of network structure, mesh sizes (xi) and matrix morphology. When a lipophilic drug, paclitaxel, was preloaded into FPBe-G hydrogels, the two-month drug-release kinetics from FPBe-G hydrogels in both pure PBS buffer and alpha-chymotrypsin media were measured. The paclitaxel-preloaded FPBe-G hydrogels in a alpha-chymotrypsin solution had significantly faster drug release rate than the corresponding hydrogels in a pure PBS buffer due to an enzyme catalyzed biodegradation of FPBe-G hydrogels. Sustained paclitaxel releases over a two-month period without initial burst release were also achieved by using hydrogels having certain feed ratios of hydrogel precursors. These paclitaxel release data correlated well with the molecular mesh size (xi), molecular weight between cross-links (M(c)) and matrix morphological structure of FPBe-G hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Guo
- Fiber and Polymer Science Program, Department of Textile & Apparel Design, and Biomedical Engineering Program, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4401, USA
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Guo K, Chu CC. Synthesis, Characterization, and Biodegradation of Novel Poly(ether ester amide)s Based on l-Phenylalanine and Oligoethylene Glycol. Biomacromolecules 2007; 8:2851-61. [PMID: 17672502 DOI: 10.1021/bm070158c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A new family of novel biodegradable poly(ether ester amide)s (PEEAs) consisting of three building blocks (L-phenylalanine, oligoethylene glycol, and aliphatic acid dichloride) were synthesized by solution polycondensation. Using N,N-dimethylacetamide as the solvent, these PEEA polymers were obtained with fairly good yields with reduced viscosity (eta(red)) ranging from 0.13 to 0.61 dL/g. The chemical structures of the PEEAs were confirmed by IR, NMR spectra, and elemental analysis. The PEEAs had Tg values lower than that of the saturated poly(ester amide)s (PEAs) of similar structures due to the incorporation of ether bonds in the backbones. An increase in the number of ether bonds in PEEA resulted in a lower Tg value. The solubility of the PEEA polymers in a wide range of common organic solvents was significantly improved when compared with unsaturated PEAs. The preliminary in vitro biodegradation behaviors of PEEA polymers were investigated in both pure PBS buffer and alpha-chymotrypsin solution of different concentrations. The polymers showed a significantly faster weight loss in an enzyme solution (alpha-chymotrypsin) but a very slow biodegradation rate in pure PBS buffer. The enzymatic hydrolysis rates of PEEAs (in terms of weight loss) were found to be much faster than those of saturated and unsaturated polyesteramides reported in previous studies. The zero-order-like biodegradation kinetics and molecular weight data also suggested surface erosion biodegradation mechanisms for these PEEAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Guo
- Department of Fiber Science and Apparel, and Biomedical Engineering Program, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-4401, USA
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Yang KL, Chu CC, Huang CH, Lin SZ, Hsu WL, Liu DW, Lin PY. Discovery of HLA-DRB1*0331 in a Taiwanese marrow donor and the importance of sequence-based typing in a rare or previously unrecognized allele. Int J Immunogenet 2007; 34:91-5. [PMID: 17373933 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.2007.00662.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We describe here a novel HLA-DRB1* allele, DRB1*0331, observed from a Taiwanese bone marrow donor using DNA sequence-based typing (SBT) method. The 'new' allele differs from DRB1*0306 and DRB1*0325 by one nucleotide at positions 196 and 227, respectively. Nucleotide mutations caused amino acid substitutions from N to Y at codon 37 and from F to Y at codon 47, as compared with amino acid sequence encoded by the DRB1*030101 allele. The donor was first typed as DRB1*0403/0406/0439/0441/0446/0451/0452 (NMDP code DRB1*04XX) and DRB1*0304/0323/0325 (NMDP code DRB1*03APDA) by sequence-specific oligonucleotide (SSO) typing kit. Subsequent typing of the donor by high-resolution sequence-specific primer (SSP) protocol indicated DRB1*0403 and DRB1*0306. The anomalous result of DRB1*03 was resolved by SBT and recognized as DRB1*0331. We concluded that SSP or SSO alone may mistype a precedent unrecognized allele and that two different typing techniques or SBT may have to be employed to safe guard true HLA typing when rare alleles are encountered at the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Yang
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Tzu-Chi Stem Cells Centre, Buddhist Tzu-Chi Marrow Donor Registry, Hualien, Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chien Chu
- Center for Condensed Matter Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106, Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106, and Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106
| | - Tong-Ing Ho
- Center for Condensed Matter Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106, Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106, and Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106
| | - Leeyih Wang
- Center for Condensed Matter Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106, Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106, and Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106
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Abstract
HLA-Cw*1210 and -Cw*080102 were identified in Taiwan populations using reverse-line SSO typing method. Sequencing showed that HLA-Cw*1210 and -Cw*120201/02 were identical at exon 2 but differed at exon 3 with three nucleotide substitutions at codons 99 and 105 and an amino acid change from tyrosine to phenylalanine at codon 99. Also, allele HLA-Cw*080102 differed from HLA-Cw*080101 in exon 3 by a single synonymous nucleotide transition at codon 99. HLA-Cw*080102 was found only in the Puyuma indigenous tribe of Taiwan and had a frequency of 5%. Interestingly, nucleotide substitutions of HLA-Cw*1210 and -Cw*080102 were located in a noticeably heterogeneous region of the 5' end of exon 3, where similar substitution motifs are frequently found in other HLA-C alleles, therefore suggesting preferential gene conversion in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Chu
- Transfusion Medicine Laboratory, Medical Research Department, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Saxena BB, Singh M, Gospin RM, Chu CC, Ledger WJ. Efficacy of nonhormonal vaginal contraceptives from a hydrogel delivery system. Contraception 2005; 70:213-9. [PMID: 15325890 DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2004.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2003] [Revised: 02/18/2004] [Accepted: 02/18/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This investigation describes the synthesis of a biodegradable hydrogel composed of a core surrounded by four concentric sheaths containing dextran, copolymers of polylactide and epsilon-caprolactone. The hydrogel was impregnated with iron (II) d-gluconate dihydrate, which causes complete spermiostasis due to lipid peroxidation, ascorbic acid to increase the viscosity of the cervical mucus and mixtures of polyamino and polycarboxylic acids to sustain vaginal pH close to 4.5. The combined effects of the agents in the daily eluates of the hydrogel were efficacious up to 16 days, within 30 s, as shown by sperm penetration tests. For in vivo studies, rabbits were chosen as the experimental model because they are easy to handle and the female is always in estrus. The anterior vagina of estrous female rabbits was instilled with the hydrogel, and then inseminated with the semen from a fertile male. Postinsemination flush from the female rabbits showed that all of the sperm were dead. These observations demonstrate the potential for the development of a biocompatible, nonhormonal, intravaginal contraceptive device.
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Affiliation(s)
- B B Saxena
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Weill Medical College, Cornell University, 515 East 71st Street, S-412, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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Wu LT, Chu CC, Chung JG, Chen CH, Hsu LS, Liu JK, Chen SC. Effects of tannic acid and its related compounds on food mutagens or hydrogen peroxide-induced DNA strands breaks in human lymphocytes. Mutat Res 2004; 556:75-82. [PMID: 15491634 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2004.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2003] [Revised: 02/11/2004] [Accepted: 07/06/2004] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
The effect of tannic acid (TA), gallic acid (GA), propyl gallate (PA) and ellagic acid (EA) on DNA damage in human lymphocytes induced by food mutagens [3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido (4,3-b) indole (Trp-P-2) and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimadazo (4,5-b) pyridine (PhIP) or H2O2 was evaluated by using single-cell electrophoresis (comet assay). The toxicity of these tested compounds (0.1-100 microg/ml) on lymphocytes was not found. These compounds did not cause DNA strand breaks at lower concentrations of 0.1-10 microg/ml. At a concentration of 100 microg/ml, TA and GA exhibited slight DNA damage, whereas PA and EA showed no DNA strand breaks. TA and its related compounds decreased the DNA strand breaks induced by Trp-P-2, PhIP or H2O2 at concentrations of 0.1-10 microg/ml. DNA repair enzymes endonuclease III (Endo III) and formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycoslase (FPG)] were used to examine the levels of oxidised pyrimidines and purines in human lymphocytes induced by H2O2. All the compounds at 10 microg/ml can reduce the level of FPG sensitive sites. However, only EA inhibited the formation of EndoIII sensitive sites. The results indicated that these compounds can enhance lymphocytes resistance towards DNA strand breaks induced by food mutagens or H2O2 in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- L T Wu
- Institute of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Tsitlanadze G, Machaidze M, Kviria T, Djavakhishvili N, Chu CC, Katsarava R. Biodegradation of amino-acid-based poly(ester amide)s: in vitro weight loss and preliminary in vivo studies. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed 2004; 15:1-24. [PMID: 15027840 DOI: 10.1163/156856204322752200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A systematic in vitro biodegradation study of regular poly(ester amide)s (PEAs) composed of naturally occurring hydrophobic alpha-amino acids, fatty diols and dicarboxylic acids using gravimetric (weight loss) method was carried out in the presence of hydrolases like alpha-chymotrypsin, lipase and a complex of proteases of Papaya. The last enzyme was used for modeling the catalytic action of nonspecific proteases. It was found that the PEAs, in the presence of enzyme solutions, were biodegraded by surface chemical erosion mechanism, according to the first-order kinetics. Spontaneous immobilization (adsorption) of the enzymes onto the PEAs surfaces was observed. The surface immobilized enzyme can also catalyze the chemical erosion of the PEAs. The enzymes could also be impregnated into the PEAs to make PEAs biochemically biodegraded, i.e. 'self-destructive', at a target rate. A comparison of in vitro biodegradation data of the PEAs with polylactide (PDLLA) showed that PEAs exhibited a far more tendency toward enzyme catalyzed biodegradation than PDLLA. A preliminary in vivo biodegradation study of selected PEA films in rats with and without lipase-impregnation showed that those PEAs were completely absorbed within 1-2 months post-implantation (for the lipase-impregnated ones) and 3-6 months (for the lipase-free ones). These findings prompt us to suggest that these new PEAs may have a great potential for designing drug sustained/controlled release devices, as well as implantable surgical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Tsitlanadze
- Centre for Medical Polymers and Biomaterials, Georgian Technical University, PO Box 24, 380079 Thilisi-79, Georgia
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Abstract
Two new HLA-DRB1 alleles have been found by using high-resolution sequence-based typing. The two sequences have been officially named DRB1*1350 (HWS10001327-AY048687) and DRB1*140502 (HWS10001790-AY129430). DRB1*1350 differs from DRB1*110101 by two amino acids at positions 37 (Y-->N) and 58 (A-->E). This allele may arise from gene conversion between DRB1*110101 and DRB1*130201 or DRB1*030101, which are commonly found in Taiwan populations. The other allele, DRB1*140502, obtained from a patient with rheumatoid arthritis, differs from DRB1*140501 at codon 58 (GCC-->GCT). However, it causes no change in amino acid sequence and would therefore not have direct clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z X Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Chu CC, Lee HL, Hsieh NK, Trejaut J, Lin M. Two novel HLA-DRB1 alleles identified using a sequence-based typing: HLA-DRB1*1443 and HLA-DRB1*1351*. Tissue Antigens 2004; 64:308-10. [PMID: 15304015 DOI: 10.1111/j.0001-2815.2004.00275.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Two novel HLA-DRB1 alleles, DRB1*1443 and DRB1*1351, were identified using a sequence-based typing protocol. DRB1*1443 differed from DRB1*140501 by one single-nucleotide substitution in exon-2 (codon 77, ACC-->GCC), which corresponded to an amino acid change of threonine to alanine. DRB1*1351 was identical to DRB1*1301 but differed by a single-nucleotide substitution at codon 50 (GTG-->TTG), resulting in an amino acid change of valine to leucine. Both new alleles present unique polymorphisms, which have not been seen among other DRB1 alleles and which have no known effect on peptide binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Chu
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Abstract
Anovel allele, HLA-DRB1*0436, was identified in a Taiwan indigenous individual by sequence-based typing. DRB1*0436 was identical to DRB1*0403 in exon2 but differed at codons 67-74 with five nucleotide substitutions. This corresponded to three amino acid changes within the P4 peptide-binding pocket of the DR molecule. These substitutions constitute a motif that is also seen in other DRB1*11 alleles. It is possible that the new allele resulted from a gene conversion event.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Chu
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Tsitlanadze G, Kviria T, Katsarava R, Chu CC. In vitro enzymatic biodegradation of amino acid based poly(ester amide)s biomaterials. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2004; 15:185-190. [PMID: 15330054 DOI: 10.1023/b:jmsm.0000011821.46166.1e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A systematic in vitro biodegradation study of regular poly(ester amide)s (PEAs) composed of naturally occurring hydrophobic alpha-amino acids, fatty diols and dicarboxylic acids was carried out in the presence of hydrolases like trypsin, alpha-chymotrypsin, and lipase. An automatic potentiometric titration method was used to examine the biodegradation property of the PEAs. Spontaneous immobilization (absorption) of the enzymes onto the PEAs films surfaces was observed. The surface immobilized enzyme not only accelerated the erosion of the PEAs but also was able to catalyze the hydrolysis of both low-molecular-weight (ATEE) and high-molecular-weight (protein) external substrates. It was found that the enzyme surface absorption process is reversible by nature. A kinetic method for a quantitative determination of the enzyme desorbed from the film surface was developed. The enzymes could also be impregnated into the PEAs to make them "self-destructive" at a target rate. A comparison of the PEAs' in vitro biodegradation data with polylactide (PDLLA) showed that PEAs exhibited a far more tendency toward enzyme catalyzed biodegradation than PDLLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Tsitlanadze
- Centre for Biomedical Polymers and Biomaterials, Georgian Technical University, 0179, Tbilisi-79, Georgia
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