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Al-Qodami BA, Sayed SY, Alalawy HH, Al-Akraa IM, Allam NK, Mohammad AM. Boosted formic acid electro-oxidation on platinum nanoparticles and "mixed-valence" iron and nickel oxides. RSC Adv 2023; 13:20799-20809. [PMID: 37441028 PMCID: PMC10333810 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03350c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The modification of Pt nanoparticles (nano-Pt, assembled electrochemically onto a glassy carbon (GC) substrate) with hybrid multivalent nickel (nano-NiOx) and iron (nano-FeOx) oxide nanostructures was intended to steer the mechanism of the formic acid electro-oxidation (FAO) in the desirable dehydrogenation pathway. This binary modification with inexpensive oxides succeeded in mediating the reaction mechanism of FAO by boosting reaction kinetics "electron transfer" and amending the surface geometry of the catalyst against poisoning. The sequence of deposition was optimized where the a-FeOx/NiOx/Pt/GC catalyst (where "a" denotes a post-activation step for the catalyst at -0.5 V in 0.5 mol L-1 NaOH) reserved the best hierarchy. Morphologically, while nano-Pt appeared to be spherical (ca. 100 nm in average diameter), nano-NiOx appeared as flowered nanoaggregates (ca. 56 nm in average diameter) and nano-FeOx (after activation) retained a plate-like nanostructure (ca. 38 nm in average diameter and 167 nm in average length). This a-FeOx/NiOx/Pt/GC catalyst demonstrated a remarkable catalytic efficiency (125 mA mgPt-1) for FAO that was ca. 12.5 times that of the pristine Pt/GC catalyst with up to five times improvement in the catalytic tolerance against poisoning and up to -214 mV shift in the FAO's onset potential. Evidences for equipping the a-FeOx/NiOx/Pt/GC catalyst with the least charge transfer resistance and the highest stability among the whole investigated catalysts are provided and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilquis Ali Al-Qodami
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University Cairo 12613 Egypt
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Education and Applied Science, Hajjah University Yemen
| | - Sayed Youssef Sayed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University Cairo 12613 Egypt
| | - Hafsa H Alalawy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University Cairo 12613 Egypt
| | - Islam M Al-Akraa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The British University in Egypt Cairo 11837 Egypt
| | - Nageh K Allam
- Energy Materials Laboratory, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo New Cairo 11835 Egypt
| | - Ahmad M Mohammad
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University Cairo 12613 Egypt
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Al-Qodami BA, Alalawy HH, Sayed SY, Al-Akraa IM, Allam NK, Mohammad AM. Tailor-designed nanowire-structured iron and nickel oxides on platinum catalyst for formic acid electro-oxidation. RSC Adv 2022; 12:20395-20402. [PMID: 35919593 PMCID: PMC9277714 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03386k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This investigation is concerned with designing efficient catalysts for direct formic acid fuel cells. A ternary catalyst containing iron (nano-FeOx) and nickel (nano-NiOx) nanowire oxides assembled sequentially onto a bare platinum (bare-Pt) substrate was recommended for the formic acid electro-oxidation reaction (FAOR). While nano-NiOx appeared as fibrillar nanowire bundles (ca. 82 nm and 4.2 μm average diameter and length, respectively), nano-FeOx was deposited as intersecting nanowires (ca. 74 nm and 400 nm average diameter and length, respectively). The electrocatalytic activity of the catalyst toward the FAOR depended on its composition and loading sequence. The FeOx/NiOx/Pt catalyst exhibited ca. 4.8 and 1.6 times increases in the catalytic activity and tolerance against CO poisoning, respectively, during the FAOR, relative to the bare-Pt catalyst. Interestingly, with a simple activation of the FeOx/NiOx/Pt catalyst at −0.5 V vs. Ag/AgCl/KCl (sat.) in 0.2 mol L−1 NaOH, a favorable Fe2+/Fe3+ transformation succeeded in mitigating the permanent CO poisoning of the Pt-based catalysts. Interestingly, this activated a-FeOx/NiOx/Pt catalyst had an activity 7 times higher than that of bare-Pt with an ca. −122 mV shift in the onset potential of the FAOR. The presence of nano-FeOx and nano-NiOx enriched the catalyst surface with extra oxygen moieties that counteracted the CO poisoning of the Pt substrate and electronically facilitated the kinetics of the FAOR, as revealed from CO stripping and impedance spectra. A FeOx/NiOx/Pt catalyst was recommended for formic acid electro-oxidation; the essential anodic reaction in direct formic acid fuel cells.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilquis Ali Al-Qodami
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Education and Applied Science, Hajjah University, Yemen
| | - Hafsa H. Alalawy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt
| | - Sayed Youssef Sayed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt
| | - Islam M. Al-Akraa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The British University in Egypt, Cairo 11837, Egypt
| | - Nageh K. Allam
- Energy Materials Laboratory, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Ahmad M. Mohammad
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt
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Woodard JC, Kalisvaart WP, Sayed SY, Olsen BC, Buriak JM. Beyond Thin Films: Clarifying the Impact of c-Li 15Si 4 Formation in Thin Film, Nanoparticle, and Porous Si Electrodes. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:38147-38160. [PMID: 34362252 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c04293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The formation of the c-Li15Si4 phase has well-established detrimental effects on the capacity retention of thin film silicon electrodes. However, the role of this crystalline phase with respect to the loss of capacity is somewhat ambiguous in nanoscale morphologies. In this work, three silicon-based morphologies are examined, including planar films, porous planar films, and silicon nanoparticle composite powder electrodes. The cycling conditions are used as the lever to induce, or not induce, the formation of c-Li15Si4 through application of constant-current (CC) or constant-current constant-voltage (CCCV) steps. In this manner, the role of this phase on capacity retention and Coulombic efficiency can be determined with few other convoluting factors such as alteration of the composition or morphology of the silicon electrodes themselves. The results here confirm that the c-Li15Si4 phase increases the rate of capacity decay in planar films but has no major effect on capacity retention in half-cells based on porous silicon films or silicon nanoparticle composite powder electrodes, although this conclusion is nuanced. Besides using a constant-voltage step, formation of the c-Li15Si4 phase is influenced by the dimensions of the Si material and the lithiation cutoff voltage. Porous Si films, which, in this work, comprise primary Si particle sizes that are smaller than those in the preformed Si nanoparticle slurries, do not undergo the formation of c-Li15Si4 at 50 mV, whereas Si nanoparticle slurries are accompanied by the formation of c-Li15Si4 up to 80 mV. The solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) formed from reaction of the c-Li15Si4 with the carbonate-based electrolyte causes polarization in both nanoparticle and porous film silicon electrodes and lowers the average Coulombic efficiency. A comparison of the cumulative irreversibilities due to SEI formation between different lithiation cutoff voltages in silicon nanoparticle slurry electrodes confirmed the connection between higher SEI buildup and formation of the c-Li15Si4 phase. This work indicates that concerns about the c-Li15Si4 phase in silicon nanoparticles and porous silicon electrodes should mainly focus on the stability of the SEI and a reduction of irreversible electrolyte reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper C Woodard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - W Peter Kalisvaart
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Sayed Youssef Sayed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Brian C Olsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Jillian M Buriak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
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Almadhoun MN, Speckbacher M, Olsen BC, Luber EJ, Sayed SY, Tornow M, Buriak JM. Bipolar Resistive Switching in Junctions of Gallium Oxide and p-type Silicon. Nano Lett 2021; 21:2666-2674. [PMID: 33689381 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, native GaOx is positioned between bulk gallium and degenerately doped p-type silicon (p+-Si) to form Ga/GaOx/SiOx/p+-Si junctions. These junctions show memristive behavior, exhibiting large current-voltage hysteresis. When cycled between -2.5 and 2.5 V, an abrupt insulator-metal transition is observed that is reversible when the polarity is reversed. The ON/OFF ratio between the high and low resistive states in these junctions can reach values on the order of 108 and retain the ON and OFF resistive states for up to 105 s with an endurance exceeding 100 cycles. The presence of a nanoscale layer of gallium oxide is critical to achieving reversible resistive switching by formation and dissolution of the gallium filament across the switching layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud N Almadhoun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Maximilian Speckbacher
- Molecular Electronics, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Brian C Olsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Erik J Luber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Sayed Youssef Sayed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Marc Tornow
- Molecular Electronics, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, 80333 Munich, Germany
- Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80539 Munich, Germany
- Fraunhofer Research Institution for Microsystems and Solid State Technologies (EMFT), 80686 Munich, Germany
| | - Jillian M Buriak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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Báez Bolivar EG, Bui DT, Kitova EN, Han L, Zheng RB, Luber EJ, Sayed SY, Mahal LK, Klassen JS. Submicron Emitters Enable Reliable Quantification of Weak Protein-Glycan Interactions by ESI-MS. Anal Chem 2021; 93:4231-4239. [PMID: 33630563 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c05003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between carbohydrates (glycans) and glycan-binding proteins (GBPs) regulate a wide variety of important biological processes. However, the affinities of most monovalent glycan-GBP complexes are typically weak (dissociation constant (Kd) > μM) and difficult to reliably measure with conventional assays; consequently, the glycan specificities of most GBPs are not well established. Here, we demonstrate how electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), implemented with nanoflow ESI emitters with inner diameters of ∼50 nm, allows for the facile quantification of low-affinity glycan-GBP interactions. The small size of the droplets produced from these submicron emitters effectively eliminates the formation of nonspecific glycan-GBP binding (false positives) during the ESI process up to ∼mM glycan concentrations. Thus, interactions with affinities as low as ∼5 mM can be measured directly from the mass spectrum. The general suppression of nonspecific adducts (including nonvolatile buffers and salts) achieved with these tips enables ESI-MS glycan affinity measurements to be performed on C-type lectins, a class of GBPs that bind glycans in a calcium-dependent manner and are important regulators of immune response. At physiologically relevant calcium ion concentrations (2-3 mM), the extent of Ca2+ nonspecific adduct formation observed using the submicron emitters is dramatically suppressed, allowing glycan affinities, and the influence of Ca2+ thereon, to be measured. Finally, we show how the use of submicron emitters and suppression of nonspecific binding enable the quantification of labile (prone to in-source dissociation) glycan-GBP interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick G Báez Bolivar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Duong T Bui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Elena N Kitova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Ling Han
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Ruixiang B Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Erik J Luber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Sayed Youssef Sayed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Lara K Mahal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - John S Klassen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
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Wang H, Sayed SY, Luber EJ, Olsen BC, Shirurkar SM, Venkatakrishnan S, Tefashe UM, Farquhar AK, Smotkin ES, McCreery RL, Buriak JM. Redox Flow Batteries: How to Determine Electrochemical Kinetic Parameters. ACS Nano 2020; 14:2575-2584. [PMID: 32180396 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c01281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are promising energy storage candidates for grid deployment of intermittent renewable energy sources such as wind power and solar energy. Various new redox-active materials have been introduced to develop cost-effective and high-power-density next-generation RFBs. Electrochemical kinetics play critical roles in influencing RFB performance, notably the overpotential and cell power density. Thus, determining the kinetic parameters for the employed redox-active species is essential. In this Perspective, we provide the background, guidelines, and limitations for a proposed electrochemical protocol to define the kinetics of redox-active species in RFBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
- Nanotechnology Research Center, National Research Council Canada, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Sayed Youssef Sayed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
- Nanotechnology Research Center, National Research Council Canada, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Erik J Luber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
- Nanotechnology Research Center, National Research Council Canada, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Brian C Olsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
- Nanotechnology Research Center, National Research Council Canada, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Shubham M Shirurkar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | | | - Ushula M Tefashe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Anna K Farquhar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Eugene S Smotkin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Richard L McCreery
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Jillian M Buriak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
- Nanotechnology Research Center, National Research Council Canada, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada
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7
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Wang H, Sayed SY, Zhou Y, Olsen BC, Luber EJ, Buriak JM. Water-soluble pH-switchable cobalt complexes for aqueous symmetric redox flow batteries. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:3605-3608. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc00383b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A water soluble cobalt complex with two redox couples that fall within the water splitting window can be applied as both the posolyte and negolyte in an aqueous symmetric redox flow battery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
- Nanotechnology Research Centre
| | - Sayed Youssef Sayed
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
- Nanotechnology Research Centre
| | - Yuqiao Zhou
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
| | - Brian C. Olsen
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
- Nanotechnology Research Centre
| | - Erik J. Luber
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
- Nanotechnology Research Centre
| | - Jillian M. Buriak
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
- Nanotechnology Research Centre
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8
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Sayed SY, Yao KPC, Kwabi DG, Batcho TP, Amanchukwu CV, Feng S, Thompson CV, Shao-Horn Y. Correction: Revealing instability and irreversibility in nonaqueous sodium-O 2 battery chemistry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 53:460. [PMID: 27910967 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc90545e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Correction for 'Revealing instability and irreversibility in nonaqueous sodium-O2 battery chemistry' by Sayed Youssef Sayed et al., Chem. Commun., 2016, 52, 9691-9694.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed Youssef Sayed
- The Research Laboratory of Electronics and the Electrochemical Energy Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Koffi P C Yao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - David G Kwabi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Thomas P Batcho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Chibueze V Amanchukwu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Shuting Feng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Carl V Thompson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yang Shao-Horn
- The Research Laboratory of Electronics and the Electrochemical Energy Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Lee D, Sayed SY, Lee S, Kuryak CA, Zhou J, Chen G, Shao-Horn Y. Quantitative analyses of enhanced thermoelectric properties of modulation-doped PEDOT:PSS/undoped Si (001) nanoscale heterostructures. Nanoscale 2016; 8:19754-19760. [PMID: 27874117 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr06950a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) has high electrical conductivity (∼103 S cm-1) but it exhibits a low Seebeck coefficient (<15 μV K-1), resulting in a low power factor. Mixing PEDOT:PSS with nanostructured semiconductors can enhance the Seebeck coefficient and achieve an improved thermoelectric power factor. However, underlying mechanisms for those composite thermoelectric systems are scarcely understood so far. In this study, quantitative analyses on the electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient for the heterostructures of nanometer-thick PEDOT:PSS on single-crystal Si (001) on sapphire (SOS) are reported. The heterostructures have larger Seebeck coefficients up to 7.3 fold and power factors up to 17.5 fold relative to PEDOT:PSS. The electrical conductivity increased with decreasing combined thicknesses of PEDOT:PSS and Si, and the Seebeck coefficient increased with decreasing PEDOT:PSS thickness, which can be attributed to modulation doping caused by diffusion of holes from PEDOT:PSS into undoped Si. This hypothesis is supported by simulation per band alignment. The valence band offset between Si and PEDOT:PSS dominantly controls the electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient of the heterostructures. This study not only suggests mechanistic insights to increase the power factors of PEDOT:PSS-based composites but also opens the door for new strategies to enhance the thermoelectric efficiencies of heterostructured nanocomposite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwook Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
| | - Sayed Youssef Sayed
- The Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Sangyeop Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
| | - Chris Adam Kuryak
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
| | - Jiawei Zhou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
| | - Yang Shao-Horn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA. and The Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
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Sayed SY, Yao KPC, Kwabi DG, Batcho TP, Amanchukwu CV, Feng S, Thompson CV, Shao-Horn Y. Revealing instability and irreversibility in nonaqueous sodium–O2 battery chemistry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:9691-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc02291j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Charging kinetics and reversibility of Na–O2 batteries can be influenced greatly by the particle size of NaO2 formed upon discharge, and exposure time (reactivity) of NaO2 to the electrolyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed Youssef Sayed
- The Research Laboratory of Electronics and the Electrochemical Energy Laboratory
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
| | - Koffi P. C. Yao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
| | - David G. Kwabi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
| | - Thomas P. Batcho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
| | | | - Shuting Feng
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
| | - Carl V. Thompson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
| | - Yang Shao-Horn
- The Research Laboratory of Electronics and the Electrochemical Energy Laboratory
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
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Gittleson FS, Yao KPC, Kwabi DG, Sayed SY, Ryu WH, Shao-Horn Y, Taylor AD. Special Cover: Raman Spectroscopy in Lithium-Oxygen Battery Systems (ChemElectroChem 10/2015). ChemElectroChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201500401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Forrest S. Gittleson
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; Yale University, 9; Hillhouse Ave. New Haven CT 06511 USA
| | - Koffi P. C. Yao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77; Massachusetts Ave. Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - David G. Kwabi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77; Massachusetts Ave. Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Sayed Youssef Sayed
- The Research Laboratory of Electronics; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77; Massachusetts Ave. Cambridge MA 02139 USA
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Cairo University; Giza 12613 Egypt
| | - Won-Hee Ryu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; Yale University, 9; Hillhouse Ave. New Haven CT 06511 USA
| | - Yang Shao-Horn
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77; Massachusetts Ave. Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - André D. Taylor
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; Yale University, 9; Hillhouse Ave. New Haven CT 06511 USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Forrest S. Gittleson
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; Yale University, 9; Hillhouse Ave. New Haven CT 06511 USA
| | - Koffi P. C. Yao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77; Massachusetts Ave. Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - David G. Kwabi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77; Massachusetts Ave. Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Sayed Youssef Sayed
- The Research Laboratory of Electronics; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77; Massachusetts Ave. Cambridge MA 02139 USA
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Cairo University; Giza 12613 Egypt
| | - Won-Hee Ryu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; Yale University, 9; Hillhouse Ave. New Haven CT 06511 USA
| | - Yang Shao-Horn
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77; Massachusetts Ave. Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - André D. Taylor
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; Yale University, 9; Hillhouse Ave. New Haven CT 06511 USA
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Abstract
Carbon has always been an important electrode material for electrochemical applications, and the relatively recent development of carbon nanotubes and graphene as electrodes has significantly increased interest in the field. Carbon solids, both sp2 and sp3 hybridized, are unique in their combination of electronic conductivity and the ability to form strong bonds to a variety of other elements and molecules. The Faraday Discussion included broad concepts and applications of carbon materials in electrochemistry, including analysis, energy storage, materials science, and solid-state electronics. This introductory paper describes some of the special properties of carbon materials useful in electrochemistry, with particular illustrations in the realm of molecular electronics. The strong bond between sp2 conducting carbon and aromatic organic molecules enables not only strong electronic interactions across the interface between the two materials, but also provides sufficient stability for practical applications. The last section of the paper discusses several factors which affect the electron transfer kinetics at highly ordered pyrolytic graphite, some of which are currently controversial. These issues bear on the general question of how the structure and electronic properties of the carbon electrode material control its utility in electrochemistry and electron transport, which are the core principles of electrochemistry using carbon electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard McCreery
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Alberta
- Canada
- National Institute for Nanotechnology
- Edmonton, Canada
| | - Adam Bergren
- National Institute for Nanotechnology
- Edmonton, Canada
| | - Amin Morteza-Najarian
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Alberta
- Canada
- National Institute for Nanotechnology
- Edmonton, Canada
| | - Sayed Youssef Sayed
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Alberta
- Canada
- National Institute for Nanotechnology
- Edmonton, Canada
| | - Haijun Yan
- National Institute for Nanotechnology
- Edmonton, Canada
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14
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Abstract
Interfacial Investigation for the epitaxial growth of Ag on Ge by galvanic displacement.
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15
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Sayed SY, Bayat A, Kondratenko M, Leroux Y, Hapiot P, McCreery RL. Bilayer Molecular Electronics: All-Carbon Electronic Junctions Containing Molecular Bilayers Made with “Click” Chemistry. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:12972-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ja4065443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sayed Youssef Sayed
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton,
Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
- National Institute for Nanotechnology, National Research Council Canada, Edmonton, Alberta
T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Akhtar Bayat
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton,
Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
- National Institute for Nanotechnology, National Research Council Canada, Edmonton, Alberta
T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Mykola Kondratenko
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton,
Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
- National Institute for Nanotechnology, National Research Council Canada, Edmonton, Alberta
T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Yann Leroux
- Institut
des Sciences Chimiques
de Rennes 1 (Equipe MaCSE), CNRS, UMR 6226, Université de Rennes, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Philippe Hapiot
- Institut
des Sciences Chimiques
de Rennes 1 (Equipe MaCSE), CNRS, UMR 6226, Université de Rennes, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Richard L. McCreery
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton,
Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
- National Institute for Nanotechnology, National Research Council Canada, Edmonton, Alberta
T6G 2M9, Canada
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16
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Sayed SY, Wang F, Malac M, Li P, Wang D, Buriak J. Preferential face deposition of gold nanoparticles on silicon nanowires by galvanic displacement. CrystEngComm 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ce25254f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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