1
|
Ma Y, Zhang X, Zhu L, Feng X, Kowah JAH, Jiang J, Wang L, Jiang L, Liu X. Machine Learning and Quantum Calculation for Predicting Yield in Cu-Catalyzed P-H Reactions. Molecules 2023; 28:5995. [PMID: 37630247 PMCID: PMC10458182 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28165995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The paper discussed the use of machine learning (ML) and quantum chemistry calculations to predict the transition state and yield of copper-catalyzed P-H insertion reactions. By analyzing a dataset of 120 experimental data points, the transition state was determined using density functional theory (DFT). ML algorithms were then applied to analyze 16 descriptors derived from the quantum chemical transition state to predict the product yield. Among the algorithms studied, the Support Vector Machine (SVM) achieved the highest prediction accuracy of 97%, with over 80% correlation in Leave-One-Out Cross-Validation (LOOCV). Sensitivity analysis was performed on each descriptor, and a comprehensive investigation of the reaction mechanism was conducted to better understand the transition state characteristics. Finally, the ML model was used to predict reaction plans for experimental design, demonstrating strong predictive performance in subsequent experimental validation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youfu Ma
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (Y.M.); (L.Z.); (X.F.); (J.A.H.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Xianwei Zhang
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (Y.M.); (L.Z.); (X.F.); (J.A.H.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Lin Zhu
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (Y.M.); (L.Z.); (X.F.); (J.A.H.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Xiaowei Feng
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (Y.M.); (L.Z.); (X.F.); (J.A.H.K.); (J.J.)
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China
| | - Jamal A. H. Kowah
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (Y.M.); (L.Z.); (X.F.); (J.A.H.K.); (J.J.)
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (Y.M.); (L.Z.); (X.F.); (J.A.H.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Lisheng Wang
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (Y.M.); (L.Z.); (X.F.); (J.A.H.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Lihe Jiang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (Y.M.); (L.Z.); (X.F.); (J.A.H.K.); (J.J.)
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wiedner ES, Appel AM, Raugei S, Shaw WJ, Bullock RM. Molecular Catalysts with Diphosphine Ligands Containing Pendant Amines. Chem Rev 2022; 122:12427-12474. [PMID: 35640056 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c01001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Pendant amines play an invaluable role in chemical reactivity, especially for molecular catalysts based on earth-abundant metals. As inspired by [FeFe]-hydrogenases, which contain a pendant amine positioned for cooperative bifunctionality, synthetic catalysts have been developed to emulate this multifunctionality through incorporation of a pendant amine in the second coordination sphere. Cyclic diphosphine ligands containing two amines serve as the basis for a class of catalysts that have been extensively studied and used to demonstrate the impact of a pendant base. These 1,5-diaza-3,7-diphosphacyclooctanes, now often referred to as "P2N2" ligands, have profound effects on the reactivity of many catalysts. The resulting [Ni(PR2NR'2)2]2+ complexes are electrocatalysts for both the oxidation and production of H2. Achieving the optimal benefit of the pendant amine requires that it has suitable basicity and is properly positioned relative to the metal center. In addition to the catalytic efficacy demonstrated with [Ni(PR2NR'2)2]2+ complexes for the oxidation and production of H2, catalysts with diphosphine ligands containing pendant amines have also been demonstrated for several metals for many different reactions, both in solution and immobilized on surfaces. The impact of pendant amines in catalyst design continues to expand.
Collapse
|
3
|
Maley SM, Steagall R, Lief GR, Buck RM, Yang Q, Sydora OL, Bischof SM, Ess DH. Computational Evaluation and Design of Polyethylene Zirconocene Catalysts with Noncovalent Dispersion Interactions. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven M. Maley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Robert Steagall
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Graham R. Lief
- Research and Technology, Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LP, Highways 60 & 123, Bartlesville, Oklahoma 74003, United States
| | - Richard M. Buck
- Research and Technology, Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LP, Highways 60 & 123, Bartlesville, Oklahoma 74003, United States
| | - Qing Yang
- Research and Technology, Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LP, Highways 60 & 123, Bartlesville, Oklahoma 74003, United States
| | - Orson L. Sydora
- Research and Technology, Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LP, 1862, Kingwood Drive, Kingwood, Texas 77339, United States
| | - Steven M. Bischof
- Research and Technology, Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LP, 1862, Kingwood Drive, Kingwood, Texas 77339, United States
| | - Daniel H. Ess
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Orio M, Pantazis DA. Successes, challenges, and opportunities for quantum chemistry in understanding metalloenzymes for solar fuels research. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:3952-3974. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00705j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Overview of the rich and diverse contributions of quantum chemistry to understanding the structure and function of the biological archetypes for solar fuel research, photosystem II and hydrogenases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maylis Orio
- Aix-Marseille Université
- CNRS
- iSm2
- Marseille
- France
| | - Dimitrios A. Pantazis
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung
- Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1
- 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr
- Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Maley SM, Kwon DH, Rollins N, Stanley JC, Sydora OL, Bischof SM, Ess DH. Quantum-mechanical transition-state model combined with machine learning provides catalyst design features for selective Cr olefin oligomerization. Chem Sci 2020; 11:9665-9674. [PMID: 34094231 PMCID: PMC8161675 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03552a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of data science tools to provide the emergence of non-trivial chemical features for catalyst design is an important goal in catalysis science. Additionally, there is currently no general strategy for computational homogeneous, molecular catalyst design. Here, we report the unique combination of an experimentally verified DFT-transition-state model with a random forest machine learning model in a campaign to design new molecular Cr phosphine imine (Cr(P,N)) catalysts for selective ethylene oligomerization, specifically to increase 1-octene selectivity. This involved the calculation of 1-hexene : 1-octene transition-state selectivity for 105 (P,N) ligands and the harvesting of 14 descriptors, which were then used to build a random forest regression model. This model showed the emergence of several key design features, such as Cr-N distance, Cr-α distance, and Cr distance out of pocket, which were then used to rapidly design a new generation of Cr(P,N) catalyst ligands that are predicted to give >95% selectivity for 1-octene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Maley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University Provo Utah 84602 USA
| | - Doo-Hyun Kwon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University Provo Utah 84602 USA
| | - Nick Rollins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University Provo Utah 84602 USA
| | - Johnathan C Stanley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University Provo Utah 84602 USA
| | - Orson L Sydora
- Research and Technology, Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LP 1862, Kingwood Drive Kingwood Texas 77339 USA
| | - Steven M Bischof
- Research and Technology, Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LP 1862, Kingwood Drive Kingwood Texas 77339 USA
| | - Daniel H Ess
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University Provo Utah 84602 USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Affiliation(s)
- Vishakha Kaim
- Department of Chemistry; University of Delhi; 110007 Delhi India
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Thammavongsy Z, Mercer IP, Yang JY. Promoting proton coupled electron transfer in redox catalysts through molecular design. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:10342-10358. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc05139b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mini-review on using the secondary coordination sphere to facilitate multi-electron, multi-proton catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian P. Mercer
- Department of Chemistry
- University of California
- Irvine
- USA
| | - Jenny Y. Yang
- Department of Chemistry
- University of California
- Irvine
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Keller SG, Probst B, Heinisch T, Alberto R, Ward TR. Photo-Driven Hydrogen Evolution by an Artificial Hydrogenase Utilizing the Biotin-Streptavidin Technology. Helv Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201800036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sascha G. Keller
- Department of Chemistry; University of Basel; Mattenstrasse 24a 4002 Basel Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Probst
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zürich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Tillmann Heinisch
- Department of Chemistry; University of Basel; Mattenstrasse 24a 4002 Basel Switzerland
| | - Roger Alberto
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zürich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Thomas R. Ward
- Department of Chemistry; University of Basel; Mattenstrasse 24a 4002 Basel Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Curotto E, Mella M. Diffusion Monte Carlo simulations of gas phase and adsorbed D 2-(H 2) n clusters. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:102315. [PMID: 29544319 DOI: 10.1063/1.5000372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We have computed ground state energies and analyzed radial distributions for several gas phase and adsorbed D2(H2)n and HD(H2)n clusters. An external model potential designed to mimic ionic adsorption sites inside porous materials is used [M. Mella and E. Curotto, J. Phys. Chem. A 121, 5005 (2017)]. The isotopic substitution lowers the ground state energies by the expected amount based on the mass differences when these are compared with the energies of the pure clusters in the gas phase. A similar impact is found for adsorbed aggregates. The dissociation energy of D2 from the adsorbed clusters is always much higher than that of H2 from both pure and doped aggregates. Radial distributions of D2 and H2 are compared for both the gas phase and adsorbed species. For the gas phase clusters, two types of hydrogen-hydrogen interactions are considered: one based on the assumption that rotations and translations are adiabatically decoupled and the other based on nonisotropic four-dimensional potential. In the gas phase clusters of sufficiently large size, we find the heavier isotopomer more likely to be near the center of mass. However, there is a considerable overlap among the radial distributions of the two species. For the adsorbed clusters, we invariably find the heavy isotope located closer to the attractive interaction source than H2, and at the periphery of the aggregate, H2 molecules being substantially excluded from the interaction with the source. This finding rationalizes the dissociation energy results. For D2-(H2)n clusters with n≥12, such preference leads to the desorption of D2 from the aggregate, a phenomenon driven by the minimization of the total energy that can be obtained by reducing the confinement of (H2)12. The same happens for (H2)13, indicating that such an effect may be quite general and impact on the absorption of quantum species inside porous materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Curotto
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Arcadia University, Glenside, Pennsylvania 19038-3295, USA
| | - M Mella
- Dipartimento di Scienza ed Alta Tecnologia, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Peng Q, Wang Z, Zarić SD, Brothers EN, Hall MB. Unraveling the Role of a Flexible Tetradentate Ligand in the Aerobic Oxidative Carbon-Carbon Bond Formation with Palladium Complexes: A Computational Mechanistic Study. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:3929-3939. [PMID: 29444572 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b11701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mechanistic details of the aerobic oxidative coupling of methyl groups by a novel (MeL)PdII(Me)2 complex with the tetradentate ligand, MeL = N, N-dimethyl-2,11-diaza[3.3](2,6)pyridinophane, has been explored by density functional theory calculations. The calculated mechanism sheds light on the role of this ligand's flexibility in several stages of the reaction, especially as the oxidation state of the Pd changes. Ligand flexibility leads to diverse axial coordination modes, and it controls the availability of electrons by modulating the energies of high-lying molecular orbitals, particularly those with major d z2 character. Solvent molecules, particularly water, appear essential in the aerobic oxidation of PdII by lowering the energy of the oxygen molecule's unoccupied molecular orbital and stabilizing the PdX-O2 complex. Ligand flexibility and solvent coordination to oxygen are essential to the required spin-crossover for the transformation of high-valent PdX-O2 complexes. A methyl cation pathway has been predicted by our calculations in transmetalation between PdII and PdIV intermediates to be preferred over methyl radical or methyl anion pathways. Combining an axial and equatorial methyl group is preferred in the reductive elimination pathway where roles are played by the ligand's flexibility and the fluxionality of trimethyl groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Zengwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Snežana D Zarić
- Faculty of Chemistry , Texas A&M University at Qatar , P.O. Box 23874, Doha , Qatar.,Department of Chemistry , University of Belgrade , Studentski trg 12-16 , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Edward N Brothers
- Faculty of Chemistry , Texas A&M University at Qatar , P.O. Box 23874, Doha , Qatar
| | - Michael B Hall
- Department of Chemistry , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843-3255 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kwon DH, Fuller JT, Kilgore UJ, Sydora OL, Bischof SM, Ess DH. Computational Transition-State Design Provides Experimentally Verified Cr(P,N) Catalysts for Control of Ethylene Trimerization and Tetramerization. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b04026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Doo-Hyun Kwon
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Jack T. Fuller
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Uriah J. Kilgore
- Research and Technology, Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LP, 1862 Kingwood Drive, Kingwood, Texas 77339, United States
| | - Orson L. Sydora
- Research and Technology, Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LP, 1862 Kingwood Drive, Kingwood, Texas 77339, United States
| | - Steven M. Bischof
- Research and Technology, Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LP, 1862 Kingwood Drive, Kingwood, Texas 77339, United States
| | - Daniel H. Ess
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chen J, Sit PHL. Density Functional Theory and Car–Parrinello Molecular Dynamics Study of the Hydrogen-Producing Mechanism of the Co(dmgBF2)2 and Co(dmgH)2 Cobaloxime Complexes in Acetonitrile–Water Solvent. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:3515-3525. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinfan Chen
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Patrick H.-L. Sit
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Khrizanforova V, Morozov V, Strelnik A, Spiridonova YS, Khrizanforov M, Burganov T, Katsyuba S, Latypov SK, Kadirov M, Karasik A, Sinyashin O, Budnikova Y. In situ electrochemical synthesis of Ni(I) complexes with aminomethylphosphines as intermediates for hydrogen evolution. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.12.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
14
|
Huo P, Uyeda C, Goodpaster JD, Peters JC, Miller TF. Breaking the Correlation between Energy Costs and Kinetic Barriers in Hydrogen Evolution via a Cobalt Pyridine-Diimine-Dioxime Catalyst. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b01387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Huo
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Christopher Uyeda
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Jason D. Goodpaster
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Jonas C. Peters
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Thomas F. Miller
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Raugei S, Helm ML, Hammes-Schiffer S, Appel AM, O’Hagan M, Wiedner ES, Bullock RM. Experimental and Computational Mechanistic Studies Guiding the Rational Design of Molecular Electrocatalysts for Production and Oxidation of Hydrogen. Inorg Chem 2015; 55:445-60. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b02262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Raugei
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis,
Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, K2−12, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Monte L. Helm
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis,
Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, K2−12, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Sharon Hammes-Schiffer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana—Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Aaron M. Appel
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis,
Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, K2−12, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Molly O’Hagan
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis,
Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, K2−12, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Eric S. Wiedner
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis,
Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, K2−12, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - R. Morris Bullock
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis,
Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, K2−12, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
|
17
|
Hammes-Schiffer S. Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer: Moving Together and Charging Forward. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:8860-71. [PMID: 26110700 PMCID: PMC4601483 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b04087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) is ubiquitous throughout chemistry and biology. This Perspective discusses recent advances and current challenges in the field of PCET, with an emphasis on the role of theory and computation. The fundamental theoretical concepts are summarized, and expressions for rate constants and kinetic isotope effects are provided. Computational methods for calculating reduction potentials and pKa's for molecular electrocatalysts, as well as insights into linear correlations and non-innocent ligands, are also described. In addition, computational methods for simulating the nonadiabatic dynamics of photoexcited PCET are discussed. Representative applications to PCET in solution, proteins, electrochemistry, and photoinduced processes are presented, highlighting the interplay between theoretical and experimental studies. The current challenges and suggested future directions are outlined for each type of application, concluding with an overall view to the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Hammes-Schiffer
- Department of Chemistry, University of
Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United
States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bourrez M, Steinmetz R, Ott S, Gloaguen F, Hammarström L. Concerted proton-coupled electron transfer from a metal-hydride complex. Nat Chem 2015; 7:140-5. [PMID: 25615667 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Metal hydrides are key intermediates in the catalytic reduction of protons and CO2 as well as in the oxidation of H2. In these reactions, electrons and protons are transferred to or from separate acceptors or donors in bidirectional protoncoupled electron transfer (PCET) steps. The mechanistic interpretation of PCET reactions of metal hydrides has focused on the stepwise transfer of electrons and protons. A concerted transfer may, however, occur with a lower reaction barrier and therefore proceed at higher catalytic rates. Here we investigate the feasibility of such a reaction by studying the oxidation–deprotonation reactions of a tungsten hydride complex. The rate dependence on the driving force for both electron transfer and proton transfer—employing different combinations of oxidants and bases—was used to establish experimentally the concerted, bidirectional PCET of a metal-hydride species. Consideration of the findings presented here in future catalyst designs may lead to more-efficient catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Bourrez
- UMR 6521, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 Avenue Le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
McCarthy BD, Donley CL, Dempsey JL. Electrode initiated proton-coupled electron transfer to promote degradation of a nickel(ii) coordination complex. Chem Sci 2015; 6:2827-2834. [PMID: 29403633 PMCID: PMC5761499 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc00476d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A Ni(ii) bisphosphine dithiolate compound degrades into an electrode-adsorbed film that can evolve hydrogen under reducing and protic conditions. An electrochemical study suggests that the degradation mechanism involves an initial concerted proton-electron transfer. The potential susceptibility of Ni-S bonds in molecular hydrogen evolution catalysts to degradation via C-S bond cleavage is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian D McCarthy
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599-3290 , USA .
| | - Carrie L Donley
- Chapel Hill Analytical and Nanofabrication Laboratory , Department of Applied Physical Sciences , University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599-3216 , USA
| | - Jillian L Dempsey
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599-3290 , USA .
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Bourrez M, Gloaguen F. Application of the energetic span model to the electrochemical catalysis of proton reduction by a diiron azadithiolate complex. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj00770d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A method for the computation of TOF of catalysis of electrochemical reaction as a function of the potential was developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Bourrez
- UMR 6521
- CNRS
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale
- Brest
- France
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Solis BH, Maher AG, Honda T, Powers DC, Nocera DG, Hammes-Schiffer S. Theoretical Analysis of Cobalt Hangman Porphyrins: Ligand Dearomatization and Mechanistic Implications for Hydrogen Evolution. ACS Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/cs501454y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian H. Solis
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600
South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Andrew G. Maher
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138-2902, United States
| | - Tatsuhiko Honda
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138-2902, United States
| | - David C. Powers
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138-2902, United States
| | - Daniel G. Nocera
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138-2902, United States
| | - Sharon Hammes-Schiffer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600
South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Huynh MT, Wang W, Rauchfuss TB, Hammes-Schiffer S. Computational investigation of [FeFe]-hydrogenase models: characterization of singly and doubly protonated intermediates and mechanistic insights. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:10301-11. [PMID: 25207842 PMCID: PMC4186672 DOI: 10.1021/ic5013523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The [FeFe]-hydrogenase enzymes catalyze
hydrogen oxidation and production efficiently with binuclear Fe metal
centers. Recently the bioinspired H2-producing model system
Fe2(adt)(CO)2(dppv)2 (adt=azadithiolate
and dppv=diphosphine) was synthesized and studied experimentally.
In this system, the azadithiolate bridge facilitates the formation
of a doubly protonated ammonium-hydride species through a proton relay.
Herein computational methods are utilized to examine this system in
the various oxidation states and protonation states along proposed
mechanistic pathways for H2 production. The calculated
results agree well with the experimental data for the geometries,
CO vibrational stretching frequencies, and reduction potentials. The
calculations illustrate that the NH···HFe dihydrogen
bonding distance in the doubly protonated species is highly sensitive
to the effects of ion-pairing between the ammonium and BF4– counterions, which are present in the crystal
structure, in that the inclusion of BF4– counterions leads to a significantly longer dihydrogen bond. The
non-hydride Fe center was found to be the site of reduction for terminal
hydride species and unsymmetric bridging hydride species, whereas
the reduced symmetric bridging hydride species exhibited spin delocalization
between the Fe centers. According to both experimental measurements
and theoretical calculations of the relative pKa values, the Fed center of the neutral species
is more basic than the amine, and the bridging hydride species is
more thermodynamically stable than the terminal hydride species. The
calculations implicate a possible pathway for H2 evolution
that involves an intermediate with H2 weakly bonded to
one Fe, a short H2 distance similar to the molecular bond
length, the spin density delocalized over the two Fe centers, and
a nearly symmetrically bridged CO ligand. Overall, this study illustrates
the mechanistic roles of the ammonium-hydride interaction, flexibility
of the bridging CO ligand, and intramolecular electron transfer between
the Fe centers in the catalytic cycle. Such insights will assist in
the design of more effective bioinspired catalysts for H2 production. Theoretical calculations
in conjunction with supporting experimental data are used to analyze
the mechanistic pathway for hydrogen evolution catalyzed by the bioinspired
model Fe2(adt)(CO)2(dppv)2. This
study elucidates the site of reduction and the pKa values associated with formation of the singly and doubly
protonated species, as well as the roles of the ammonium-hydride interaction,
flexibility of the bridging CO ligand, and intramolecular electron
transfer between the Fe centers in the catalytic cycle for H2 production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mioy T Huynh
- Department of Chemistry, 600 South Mathews Avenue, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Dutta A, Roberts JAS, Shaw WJ. Arginine-containing ligands enhance H₂ oxidation catalyst performance. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:6487-91. [PMID: 24820824 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201402304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogenase enzymes use Ni and Fe to oxidize H2 at high turnover frequencies (TOF) (up to 10,000 s(-1)) and low overpotentials (<100 mV). In comparison, the fastest reported synthetic electrocatalyst, [Ni(II)(P(Cy)2N(tBu)2)2](2+), oxidizes H2 at 60 s(-1) in MeCN under 1 atm H2 with an unoptimized overpotential of ca. 500 mV using triethylamine as a base. Here we show that a structured outer coordination sphere in a Ni electrocatalyst enhances H2 oxidation activity: [Ni(II)(P(Cy)2N(Arg)2)2](8+) (Arg=arginine) has a TOF of 210 s(-1) in water with high energy efficiency (180 mV overpotential) under 1 atm H2 , and 144,000 s(-1) (460 mV overpotential) under 133 atm H2. The complex is active from pH 0-14 and is faster at low pH, the most relevant condition for fuel cells. The arginine substituents increase TOF and may engage in an intramolecular guanidinium interaction that assists in H2 activation, while the COOH groups facilitate rapid proton movement. These results emphasize the critical role of features beyond the active site in achieving fast, efficient catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Dutta
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd., Richland, WA 99352 (USA)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Dutta A, Roberts JAS, Shaw WJ. Arginine‐Containing Ligands Enhance H
2
Oxidation Catalyst Performance. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201402304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Dutta
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd., Richland, WA 99352 (USA)
| | - John A. S. Roberts
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd., Richland, WA 99352 (USA)
| | - Wendy J. Shaw
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd., Richland, WA 99352 (USA)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Solis BH, Hammes-Schiffer S. Proton-coupled electron transfer in molecular electrocatalysis: theoretical methods and design principles. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:6427-43. [PMID: 24731018 DOI: 10.1021/ic5002896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Molecular electrocatalysts play an essential role in a wide range of energy conversion processes. The objective of electrocatalyst design is to maximize the turnover frequency and minimize the overpotential for the overall catalytic cycle. Typically, the catalytic cycle is dominated by key proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) processes comprised of sequential or concerted electron and proton transfer steps. Theoretical methods have been developed to investigate the mechanisms, thermodynamics, and kinetics of PCET processes in electrocatalytic cycles. Electronic structure methods can be used to calculate the reduction potentials and pKa's and to generate thermodynamic schemes, free energy reaction pathways, and Pourbaix diagrams, which indicate the most stable species under certain conditions. These types of calculations have assisted in identifying the thermodynamically favorable mechanisms under specified experimental conditions, such as acid strength and overpotential. Such calculations have also revealed linear correlations among the thermodynamic properties, which can be used to predict the impact of modifying the ligands, substituents, or metal centers. The thermodynamic properties can be tuned with electron-withdrawing or electron-donating substituents. Ligand modification can exploit the role of noninnocent ligands. For example, ligand protonation typically decreases the overpotential. Calculations of rate constants for electron and proton transfer, as well as concerted PCET, have assisted in identifying the kinetically favorable mechanisms under specified conditions. The concerted PCET mechanism is thought to lower the overpotential required for catalysis by avoiding high-energy intermediates. Rate constant calculations have revealed that the concerted mechanism involving intramolecular proton transfer will be favored by designing more flexible ligands that facilitate the proton donor-acceptor motion while also maintaining a sufficiently short equilibrium proton donor-acceptor distance. Overall, theoretical methods have assisted in the interpretation of experimental data and the design of more effective molecular electrocatalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian H Solis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P. Layfield
- Department of Chemistry, 600 South Mathews Avenue, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Sharon Hammes-Schiffer
- Department of Chemistry, 600 South Mathews Avenue, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chen S, Ho MH, Bullock RM, DuBois DL, Dupuis M, Rousseau R, Raugei S. Computing Free Energy Landscapes: Application to Ni-based Electrocatalysts with Pendant Amines for H2 Production and Oxidation. ACS Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/cs401104w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shentan Chen
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, K1-83, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Ming-Hsun Ho
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, K1-83, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - R. Morris Bullock
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, K1-83, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Daniel L. DuBois
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, K1-83, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Michel Dupuis
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, K1-83, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Roger Rousseau
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, K1-83, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Simone Raugei
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, K1-83, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Appel AM, Bercaw JE, Bocarsly AB, Dobbek H, DuBois DL, Dupuis M, Ferry JG, Fujita E, Hille R, Kenis PJA, Kerfeld CA, Morris RH, Peden CHF, Portis AR, Ragsdale SW, Rauchfuss TB, Reek JNH, Seefeldt LC, Thauer RK, Waldrop GL. Frontiers, opportunities, and challenges in biochemical and chemical catalysis of CO2 fixation. Chem Rev 2013; 113:6621-58. [PMID: 23767781 PMCID: PMC3895110 DOI: 10.1021/cr300463y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1262] [Impact Index Per Article: 114.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M. Appel
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - John E. Bercaw
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Andrew B. Bocarsly
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Holger Dobbek
- Institut für Biologie, Strukturbiologie/Biochemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel L. DuBois
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Michel Dupuis
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - James G. Ferry
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16801, United States
| | - Etsuko Fujita
- Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, United States
| | - Russ Hille
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Paul J. A. Kenis
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Cheryl A. Kerfeld
- DOE Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive Walnut Creek, California 94598, United States, and Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, 111 Koshland Hall Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Robert H. Morris
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Charles H. F. Peden
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Archie R. Portis
- Departments of Crop Sciences and Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Stephen W. Ragsdale
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Thomas B. Rauchfuss
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Joost N. H. Reek
- van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lance C. Seefeldt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
| | - Rudolf K. Thauer
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Karl von Frisch Strasse 10, D-35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Grover L. Waldrop
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Solis BH, Yu Y, Hammes-Schiffer S. Effects of Ligand Modification and Protonation on Metal Oxime Hydrogen Evolution Electrocatalysts. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:6994-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ic400490y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian H. Solis
- Department of Chemistry, 600 South Mathews
Avenue, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Yinxi Yu
- Department of Chemistry, 104 Chemistry Building, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
16802, United States
| | - Sharon Hammes-Schiffer
- Department of Chemistry, 600 South Mathews
Avenue, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Horvath S, Fernandez LE, Appel AM, Hammes-Schiffer S. pH-dependent reduction potentials and proton-coupled electron transfer mechanisms in hydrogen-producing nickel molecular electrocatalysts. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:3643-52. [PMID: 23477912 DOI: 10.1021/ic302056j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The nickel-based P2(Ph)N2(Bn) electrocatalysts comprised of a nickel atom and two 1,5-dibenzyl-3,7-diphenyl-1,5-diaza-3,7-diphosphacyclooctane ligands catalyze H2 production in acetonitrile. Recent electrochemical experiments revealed a linear dependence of the Ni(II/I) reduction potential on pH with a slope of 57 mV/pH unit, implicating a proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) process with the same number of electrons and protons transferred. The combined theoretical and experimental studies herein provide an explanation for this pH dependence in the context of the overall proposed catalytic mechanism. In the proposed mechanisms, the catalytic cycle begins with a series of intermolecular proton transfers from an acid to the pendant amine ligand and electrochemical electron transfers to the nickel center to produce the doubly protonated Ni(0) species, a precursor to H2 evolution. The calculated Ni(II/I) reduction potentials of the doubly protonated species are in excellent agreement with the experimentally observed reduction potential in the presence of strong acid, suggesting that the catalytically active species leading to the peak observed in these cyclic voltammetry (CV) experiments is doubly protonated. The Ni(I/0) reduction potential was found to be slightly more positive than the Ni(II/I) reduction potential, indicating that the Ni(I/0) reduction occurs spontaneously after the Ni(II/I) reduction, as implied by the experimental observation of a single CV peak. These results suggest that the PCET process observed in the CV experiments is a two-electron/two-proton process corresponding to an initial double protonation followed by two reductions. On the basis of the experimental and theoretical data, the complete thermodynamic scheme and the Pourbaix diagram were generated for this catalyst. The Pourbaix diagram, which identifies the most thermodynamically stable species at each reduction potential and pH value, illustrates that this catalyst undergoes different types of PCET processes for various pH ranges. These thermodynamic insights will aid in the design of more effective molecular catalysts for H2 production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Horvath
- Department of Chemistry, 600 South Mathews Avenue, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|