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Shaw WJ, Kidder MK, Bare SR, Delferro M, Morris JR, Toma FM, Senanayake SD, Autrey T, Biddinger EJ, Boettcher S, Bowden ME, Britt PF, Brown RC, Bullock RM, Chen JG, Daniel C, Dorhout PK, Efroymson RA, Gaffney KJ, Gagliardi L, Harper AS, Heldebrant DJ, Luca OR, Lyubovsky M, Male JL, Miller DJ, Prozorov T, Rallo R, Rana R, Rioux RM, Sadow AD, Schaidle JA, Schulte LA, Tarpeh WA, Vlachos DG, Vogt BD, Weber RS, Yang JY, Arenholz E, Helms BA, Huang W, Jordahl JL, Karakaya C, Kian KC, Kothandaraman J, Lercher J, Liu P, Malhotra D, Mueller KT, O'Brien CP, Palomino RM, Qi L, Rodriguez JA, Rousseau R, Russell JC, Sarazen ML, Sholl DS, Smith EA, Stevens MB, Surendranath Y, Tassone CJ, Tran B, Tumas W, Walton KS. A US perspective on closing the carbon cycle to defossilize difficult-to-electrify segments of our economy. Nat Rev Chem 2024; 8:376-400. [PMID: 38693313 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-024-00587-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Electrification to reduce or eliminate greenhouse gas emissions is essential to mitigate climate change. However, a substantial portion of our manufacturing and transportation infrastructure will be difficult to electrify and/or will continue to use carbon as a key component, including areas in aviation, heavy-duty and marine transportation, and the chemical industry. In this Roadmap, we explore how multidisciplinary approaches will enable us to close the carbon cycle and create a circular economy by defossilizing these difficult-to-electrify areas and those that will continue to need carbon. We discuss two approaches for this: developing carbon alternatives and improving our ability to reuse carbon, enabled by separations. Furthermore, we posit that co-design and use-driven fundamental science are essential to reach aggressive greenhouse gas reduction targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy J Shaw
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA.
| | | | - Simon R Bare
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.
| | | | | | - Francesca M Toma
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Institute of Functional Materials for Sustainability, Helmholtz Zentrum Hereon, Teltow, Brandenburg, Germany.
| | | | - Tom Autrey
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | | | - Shannon Boettcher
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Mark E Bowden
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | | | - Robert C Brown
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | - Jingguang G Chen
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Peter K Dorhout
- Vice President for Research, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | | | - Laura Gagliardi
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Aaron S Harper
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - David J Heldebrant
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
- Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Oana R Luca
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - Jonathan L Male
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
- Biological Systems Engineering Department, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Robert Rallo
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Rachita Rana
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Robert M Rioux
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Aaron D Sadow
- Ames National Laboratory, Ames, IA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | - Lisa A Schulte
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - William A Tarpeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Dionisios G Vlachos
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Bryan D Vogt
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Robert S Weber
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Jenny Y Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Elke Arenholz
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Brett A Helms
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Wenyu Huang
- Ames National Laboratory, Ames, IA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - James L Jordahl
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | - Kourosh Cyrus Kian
- Independent consultant, Washington DC, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA
| | | | - Johannes Lercher
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ping Liu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | | | - Karl T Mueller
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Casey P O'Brien
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | | | - Long Qi
- Ames National Laboratory, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | | | - Jake C Russell
- Advanced Research Projects Agency - Energy, Department of Energy, Washington DC, USA
| | - Michele L Sarazen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | - Emily A Smith
- Ames National Laboratory, Ames, IA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | - Yogesh Surendranath
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Ba Tran
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - William Tumas
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA
| | - Krista S Walton
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Phearman AS, Bullock RM. Synthesis and Reactivity of Fe(II) Complexes Containing Cis Ammonia Ligands. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:2024-2033. [PMID: 38230973 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The development of earth-abundant transition-metal complexes for electrocatalytic ammonia oxidation is needed to facilitate a renewable energy economy. Important to this goal is a fundamental understanding of how ammonia binds to complexes as a function of ligand geometry and electronic effects. We report the synthesis and characterization of a series of Fe(II)-NH3 complexes supported by tetradentate, facially binding ligands with a combination of pyridine and N-heterocyclic carbene donors. Electronic modification of the supporting ligand led to significant shifts in the FeIII/II potential and variations in NH bond acidities. Finally, investigations of ammonia oxidation by cyclic voltammetry, controlled potential bulk electrolysis, and through addition of stoichiometric organic radicals, TEMPO and tBu3ArO• are reported. No catalytic oxidation of NH3 to N2 was observed, and 15N2 was detected only in reactions with tBu3ArO•.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Phearman
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - R Morris Bullock
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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3
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Patrick EA, Bowden ME, Erickson JD, Bullock RM, Tran BL. Single-Crystal to Single-Crystal Transformations: Stepwise CO2 Insertions into Bridging Hydrides of [(NHC)CuH]2 Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202304648. [PMID: 37221959 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202304648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Mechanistic studies of substrate insertion into dimeric [(NHC)CuH]2 (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene) complexes with two bridging hydrides have been shown to require dimer dissociation to generate transient, highly reactive (NHC)Cu-H monomers in solution. Using single-crystal to single-crystal (SC-SC) transformations, we discovered a new pathway that undergoes stepwise insertion of CO2 into [(NHC)CuH]2 without complete dissociation of the dimer. The first CO2 insertion into dimeric [(IPr*OMe)CuH]2 produced a dicopper formate-hydride [(IPr*OMe)Cu]2(u-1,3-O2CH)(u-H). A second CO2 insertion produced a dicopper bis-formate [(IPr*OMe)Cu]2(u-1,3-O2CH)(u-1,1-O2CH), containing two different bonding modes of the bridging formate. These dicopper formate complexes are inaccessible from solution reactions since the dicopper core ruptures to monomeric complexes in the presence of polar and nonpolar solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan A Patrick
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Institute for Integrated Catalysis, UNITED STATES
| | - Mark E Bowden
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Institute for Integrated Catalysis, UNITED STATES
| | - Jeremy D Erickson
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Institute for Integrated Catalysis, UNITED STATES
| | - R Morris Bullock
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Institute for Integrated Catalysis, UNITED STATES
| | - Ba L Tran
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Physical Sciences, 902 Battelle Blvd, 99354, Richland, UNITED STATES
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Tran BL, Erickson JD, Speelman AL, Bullock RM. Mechanistic Studies of Carbonyl Allylation Mediated by (NHC)CuH: Isoprene Insertion, Allylation, and β-Hydride Elimination. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:342-352. [PMID: 36525336 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The ability of Cu-H complexes to undergo selective insertion of unsaturated hydrocarbons under mild conditions has rendered them valuable, versatile catalysts. The direct formation of Cu allyl intermediates from unfunctionalized 1,3-dienes and transient Cu hydrides is an appealing strategy for upgrading conjugated diene feedstocks. However, empirical mechanistic studies of the underlying elementary steps and characterization of key intermediates in Cu-H catalysis are sparse. Using [(NHC)CuH]2 (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene), we examined the steric effects of NHC ligands on two key elementary steps of CuH-catalyzed carbonyl allylation: the insertion of a diene into the Cu-H bond to produce a Cu-allyl complex, and the formation of C-C bonds from stoichiometric allylations of ketones and aldehydes. The resulting allyl and homoallylic alkoxide complexes have been characterized by NMR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Employing isolable (NHC)Cu-allyl complexes, we further evaluated the roles of the ligand size, electronic properties of carbonyl substrates, coordinating groups within the substrate, and solvent on the regioselectivity, diastereoselectivity, and relative rate of the C-C bond formation step. In contrast to the clean allylation of ketones, allylation of aldehydes provided a rare example of a formal β-hydride elimination reaction from a secondary homoallylic alkoxide species. Mechanistic studies of key elementary steps provide insights for a range of catalytic reactions of dienes mediated by hydride complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ba L Tran
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Jeremy D Erickson
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Amy L Speelman
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - R Morris Bullock
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
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5
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Dunn PL, Barona M, Johnson SI, Raugei S, Bullock RM. Hydrogen Atom Abstraction from an Os II(NH 3) 2 Complex Generates an Os IV(NH 2) 2 Complex: Experimental and Computational Analysis of the N-H Bond Dissociation Free Energies and Reactivity. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:15325-15334. [PMID: 36121917 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Double hydrogen atom abstraction from (TMP)OsII(NH3)2 (TMP = tetramesitylporphyrin) with phenoxyl or nitroxyl radicals leads to (TMP)OsIV(NH2)2. This unusual bis(amide) complex is diamagnetic and displays an N-H resonance at 12.0 ppm in its 1H NMR spectrum. 1H-15N correlation experiments identified a 15N NMR spectroscopic resonance signal at -267 ppm. Experimental reactivity studies and density functional theory calculations support relatively weak N-H bonds of 73.3 kcal/mol for (TMP)OsII(NH3)2 and 74.2 kcal/mol for (TMP)OsIII(NH3)(NH2). Cyclic voltammetry experiments provide an estimate of the pKa of [(TMP)OsIII(NH3)2]+. In the presence of Barton's base, a current enhancement is observed at the Os(III/II) couple, consistent with an ECE event. Spectroscopic experiments confirmed (TMP)OsIV(NH2)2 as the product of bulk electrolysis. Double hydrogen atom abstraction is influenced by π donation from the amides of (TMP)OsIV(NH2)2 into the d orbitals of the Os center, favoring the formation of (TMP)OsIV(NH2)2 over N-N coupling. This π donation leads to a Jahn-Teller distortion that splits the energy levels of the dxz and dyz orbitals of Os, results in a low-spin electron configuration, and leads to minimal aminyl character on the N atoms, rendering (TMP)OsIV(NH2)2 unreactive toward amide-amide coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter L Dunn
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Melissa Barona
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Samantha I Johnson
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Simone Raugei
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - R Morris Bullock
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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Bullock RM, Dey A. Introduction: Catalysis beyond the First Coordination Sphere. Chem Rev 2022; 122:11897-11899. [PMID: 35892196 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Morris Bullock
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Abhishek Dey
- School of Chemical Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
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7
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Schmid J, Wang M, Gutiérrez OY, Bullock RM, Camaioni DM, Lercher JA. Controlling Reaction Routes in Noble‐Metal‐Catalyzed Conversion of Aryl Ethers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203172. [PMID: 35482977 PMCID: PMC9400965 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Schmid
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) P.O. Box 999 Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Meng Wang
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) P.O. Box 999 Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Oliver Y. Gutiérrez
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) P.O. Box 999 Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - R. Morris Bullock
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) P.O. Box 999 Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Donald M. Camaioni
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) P.O. Box 999 Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Johannes A. Lercher
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) P.O. Box 999 Richland WA 99352 USA
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Institute Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85748 Garching Germany
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Schmid J, Wang M, Gutiérrez OY, Bullock RM, Camaioni DM, Lercher JA. Inside Cover: Controlling Reaction Routes in Noble‐Metal‐Catalyzed Conversion of Aryl Ethers (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 30/2022). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Schmid
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) P.O. Box 999 Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Meng Wang
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) P.O. Box 999 Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Oliver Y. Gutiérrez
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) P.O. Box 999 Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - R. Morris Bullock
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) P.O. Box 999 Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Donald M. Camaioni
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) P.O. Box 999 Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Johannes A. Lercher
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) P.O. Box 999 Richland WA 99352 USA
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Institute Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85748 Garching Germany
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Carroll TG, Ryan DE, Erickson JD, Bullock RM, Tran BL. Isolation of a Cu–H Monomer Enabled by Remote Steric Substitution of a N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligand: Stoichiometric Insertion and Catalytic Hydroboration of Internal Alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:13865-13873. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy G. Carroll
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - David E. Ryan
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Jeremy D. Erickson
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - R. Morris Bullock
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Ba L. Tran
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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Cook BJ, Barona M, Johnson SI, Raugei S, Bullock RM. Weakening the N-H Bonds of NH 3 Ligands: Triple Hydrogen-Atom Abstraction to Form a Chromium(V) Nitride. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:11165-11172. [PMID: 35829761 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Weakening and cleaving N-H bonds is crucial for improving molecular ammonia (NH3) oxidation catalysts. We report the synthesis and H-atom-abstraction reaction of bis(ammonia)chromium porphyrin complexes Cr(TPP)(NH3)2 and Cr(TMP)(NH3)2 (TPP = 5,10,15,20-tetraphenyl-meso-porphyrin and TMP = 5,10,15,20-tetramesityl-meso-porphyrin) using bulky aryloxyl radicals. The triple H-atom-abstraction reaction results in the formation of CrV(por)(≡N), with the nitride derived from NH3, as indicated by UV-vis and IR and single-crystal structural determination of Cr(TPP)(≡N). Subsequent oxidation of this chromium(V) nitrido complex results in the formation of CrIII(por), with scission of the Cr≡N bond. Computational analysis illustrates the progression from CrII to CrV and evaluates the energetics of abstracting H atoms from CrII-NH3 to generate CrV≡N. The formation and isolation of CrV(por)(≡N) illustrates the stability of these species and the need to chemically activate the nitride ligand for atom transfer or N-N coupling reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Cook
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Melissa Barona
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Samantha I Johnson
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Simone Raugei
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - R Morris Bullock
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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11
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Schmid J, Wang M, Gutiérrez OY, Bullock RM, Camaioni DM, Lercher JA. Controlling Reaction Routes in Noble‐Metal‐Catalyzed Conversion of Aryl Ethers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Schmid
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) P.O. Box 999 Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Meng Wang
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) P.O. Box 999 Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Oliver Y. Gutiérrez
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) P.O. Box 999 Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - R. Morris Bullock
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) P.O. Box 999 Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Donald M. Camaioni
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) P.O. Box 999 Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Johannes A. Lercher
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) P.O. Box 999 Richland WA 99352 USA
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Institute Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85748 Garching Germany
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Abstract
Pendant amines play an invaluable role in chemical reactivity, especially for molecular catalysts based on earth-abundant metals. As inspired by [FeFe]-hydrogenases, which contain a pendant amine positioned for cooperative bifunctionality, synthetic catalysts have been developed to emulate this multifunctionality through incorporation of a pendant amine in the second coordination sphere. Cyclic diphosphine ligands containing two amines serve as the basis for a class of catalysts that have been extensively studied and used to demonstrate the impact of a pendant base. These 1,5-diaza-3,7-diphosphacyclooctanes, now often referred to as "P2N2" ligands, have profound effects on the reactivity of many catalysts. The resulting [Ni(PR2NR'2)2]2+ complexes are electrocatalysts for both the oxidation and production of H2. Achieving the optimal benefit of the pendant amine requires that it has suitable basicity and is properly positioned relative to the metal center. In addition to the catalytic efficacy demonstrated with [Ni(PR2NR'2)2]2+ complexes for the oxidation and production of H2, catalysts with diphosphine ligands containing pendant amines have also been demonstrated for several metals for many different reactions, both in solution and immobilized on surfaces. The impact of pendant amines in catalyst design continues to expand.
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Schmid J, Wang M, Gutiérrez OY, Bullock RM, Camaioni DM, Lercher J. Controlling Reaction Routes in Noble‐Metal‐Catalyzed Conversion of Aryl Ethers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Schmid
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Institute for Integrated Catalysis UNITED STATES
| | - Meng Wang
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Institute for Integrated Catalysis UNITED STATES
| | - Oliver Y. Gutiérrez
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Institute for Integrated Catalysis UNITED STATES
| | - R. Morris Bullock
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Institute for Integrated Catalysis UNITED STATES
| | - Donald M. Camaioni
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Institute for Integrated Catalysis UNITED STATES
| | - Johannes Lercher
- Technische Universität München Department Chemie Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85748 Garching GERMANY
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Barona M, Johnson SI, Mbea M, Bullock RM, Raugei S. Computational Investigations of the Reactivity of Metalloporphyrins for Ammonia Oxidation. Top Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-021-01511-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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15
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Nhon L, Shan B, Taggart AD, Wolfe RMW, Li TT, Klug CM, Nayak A, Bullock RM, Cahoon JF, Meyer TJ, Schanze KS, Reynolds JR. Influence of Surface and Structural Variations in Donor-Acceptor-Donor Sensitizers on Photoelectrocatalytic Water Splitting. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:47499-47510. [PMID: 34590823 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c11879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated organic chromophores composed of linked donor (D) and acceptor (A) moieties have attracted considerable attention for photoelectrochemical applications. In this work, we compare the optoelectronic properties and photoelectrochemical performance of two D-A-D structural isomers with thiophene-X-carboxylic acid (X denotes 3 and 2 positions) derivatives and 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole as the D and A moieties, respectively. 5,5'-(Benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole-4,7-diyl)bis(thiophene-3-carboxylic acid), BTD1, and 5,5'-(benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole-4,7-diyl)bis(thiophene-2-carboxylic acid), BTD2, were employed in the study to understand how structural isomers affect surface attachments within chromophore-catalyst assemblies and their influence on charge-transfer dynamics. Crystal structures revealed that varying the position of the -COOH anchoring group causes the molecules to either contort out of a plane (BTD1) or adopt a near-perfect planar conformation (BTD2). BTD1 and BTD2 were co-loaded with either a water oxidation catalyst, [Ru(2,6-bis(1-methylbenzimidazol-2-yl)pyridine)-(4,4'-((HO)2OPCH2)2-2,2'-bipyridine)(OH2)]2, RuCt2+, or proton reduction catalyst [Ni(P2PhN2C6H4CH2PO3H2)2]2+, NiCt2+, on oxide electrodes to facilitate photodriven water splitting reactions. Emission quenching measurements indicate that both BTD1 and BTD2 inject electrons into n-type SnO2|TiO2 electrodes and holes into p-type NiO semiconductors from their respective excited states at high efficiencies >60%. Photocurrent densities of chromophore-catalyst assemblies obtained using linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) show that BTD2-sensitized photoanodes generate significantly more photocurrent than BTD1-sensitized electrodes; however, both exhibit similar performances at the photocathode. Photoelectrocatyltic measurements demonstrate that both BTD1 and BTD2 performed similarly, generating Faradaic efficiencies of 39 and 38% at the anode or 61 and 79% at the cathode. Transient absorption measurements suggest that the differences between the LSV and photoelectrocatalytic measurements result from the differences in quantum yields of the photogenerated redox equivalents, which is also a reflection of the varying metal oxide surface conformation. Our findings suggest that BTD2 should be investigated further in photocathodic studies since it has the structural advantage of being incorporated into diverse types of chromophore-catalyst assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Nhon
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Bing Shan
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China
| | - Aaron D Taggart
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Rylan M W Wolfe
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Ting-Ting Li
- Research Center of Applied Solid State Chemistry, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Christina M Klug
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, K2-12, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Animesh Nayak
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - R Morris Bullock
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, K2-12, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - James F Cahoon
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Thomas J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Kirk S Schanze
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - John R Reynolds
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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16
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Speelman AL, Tran BL, Erickson JD, Vasiliu M, Dixon DA, Bullock RM. Accelerating the insertion reactions of (NHC)Cu-H via remote ligand functionalization. Chem Sci 2021; 12:11495-11505. [PMID: 34567502 PMCID: PMC8409461 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01911b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Most ligand designs for reactions catalyzed by (NHC)Cu-H (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene ligand) have focused on introducing steric bulk near the Cu center. Here, we evaluate the effect of remote ligand modification in a series of [(NHC)CuH]2 in which the para substituent (R) on the N-aryl groups of the NHC is Me, Et, t Bu, OMe or Cl. Although the R group is distant (6 bonds away) from the reactive Cu center, the complexes have different spectroscopic signatures. Kinetics studies of the insertion of ketone, aldimine, alkyne, and unactivated α-olefin substrates reveal that Cu-H complexes with bulky or electron-rich R groups undergo faster substrate insertion. The predominant cause of this phenomenon is destabilization of the [(NHC)CuH]2 dimer relative to the (NHC)Cu-H monomer, resulting in faster formation of Cu-H monomer. These findings indicate that remote functionalization of NHCs is a compelling strategy for accelerating the rate of substrate insertion with Cu-H species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Speelman
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Ba L Tran
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Jeremy D Erickson
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Monica Vasiliu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alabama Tuscaloosa AL 35487 USA
| | - David A Dixon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alabama Tuscaloosa AL 35487 USA
| | - R Morris Bullock
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99352 USA
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17
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Fantuzzi F, Nascimento MAC, Ginovska B, Bullock RM, Raugei S. Splitting of multiple hydrogen molecules by bioinspired diniobium metal complexes: a DFT study. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:840-849. [PMID: 33237062 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03411h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Splitting of molecular hydrogen (H2) into bridging and terminal hydrides is a common step in transition metal chemistry. Herein, we propose a novel organometallic platform for cleavage of multiple H2 molecules, which combines metal centers capable of stabilizing multiple oxidation states, and ligands bearing positioned pendant basic groups. Using quantum chemical modeling, we show that low-valent, early transition metal diniobium(ii) complexes with diphosphine ligands featuring pendant amines can favorably uptake up to 8 hydrogen atoms, and that the energetics are favored by the formation of intramolecular dihydrogen bonds. This result suggests new possible strategies for the development of hydrogen scavenger molecules that are able to perform reversible splitting of multiple H2 molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Fantuzzi
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos 149, 21941.909, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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18
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Abstract
Oxidation of ammonia by molecular complexes is a burgeoning area of research, with critical scientific challenges that must be addressed. A fundamental understanding of individual reaction steps is needed, particularly for cleavage of N-H bonds and formation of N-N bonds. This Perspective evaluates the challenges of designing molecular catalysts for oxidation of ammonia and highlights recent key contributions to realizing the goals of viable energy storage and retrieval based on the N-H bonds of ammonia in a carbon-free energy cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter L Dunn
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Brian J Cook
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Samantha I Johnson
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Aaron M Appel
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - R Morris Bullock
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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19
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Zhang S, Li H, Appel AM, Hall MB, Bullock RM. Controlling P–C/C–H Bond Cleavage in Nickel Bis(diphosphine) Complexes: Reactivity Scope, Mechanism, and Computations. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoguang Zhang
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999,
K2-12, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Haixia Li
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845, United States
| | - Aaron M. Appel
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999,
K2-12, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Michael B. Hall
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845, United States
| | - R. Morris Bullock
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999,
K2-12, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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20
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Bullock RM, Chen JG, Gagliardi L, Chirik PJ, Farha OK, Hendon CH, Jones CW, Keith JA, Klosin J, Minteer SD, Morris RH, Radosevich AT, Rauchfuss TB, Strotman NA, Vojvodic A, Ward TR, Yang JY, Surendranath Y. Using nature's blueprint to expand catalysis with Earth-abundant metals. Science 2020; 369:eabc3183. [PMID: 32792370 PMCID: PMC7875315 DOI: 10.1126/science.abc3183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Numerous redox transformations that are essential to life are catalyzed by metalloenzymes that feature Earth-abundant metals. In contrast, platinum-group metals have been the cornerstone of many industrial catalytic reactions for decades, providing high activity, thermal stability, and tolerance to chemical poisons. We assert that nature's blueprint provides the fundamental principles for vastly expanding the use of abundant metals in catalysis. We highlight the key physical properties of abundant metals that distinguish them from precious metals, and we look to nature to understand how the inherent attributes of abundant metals can be embraced to produce highly efficient catalysts for reactions crucial to the sustainable production and transformation of fuels and chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Morris Bullock
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA.
| | - Jingguang G Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Laura Gagliardi
- Department of Chemistry, Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, and Chemical Theory Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Paul J Chirik
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Omar K Farha
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Christopher H Hendon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Christopher W Jones
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - John A Keith
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Jerzy Klosin
- Core R&D, Dow Chemical Co., Midland, MI 48674, USA
| | - Shelley D Minteer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Robert H Morris
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Alexander T Radosevich
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Thomas B Rauchfuss
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Neil A Strotman
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co. Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Aleksandra Vojvodic
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Thomas R Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jenny Y Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Yogesh Surendranath
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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21
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Tran BL, Neisen BD, Speelman AL, Gunasekara T, Wiedner ES, Bullock RM. Mechanistic Studies on the Insertion of Carbonyl Substrates into Cu‐H: Different Rate‐Limiting Steps as a Function of Electrophilicity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:8645-8653. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201916406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ba L. Tran
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Benjamin D. Neisen
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Amy L. Speelman
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Thilina Gunasekara
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Eric S. Wiedner
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - R. Morris Bullock
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99352 USA
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22
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Tran BL, Neisen BD, Speelman AL, Gunasekara T, Wiedner ES, Bullock RM. Mechanistic Studies on the Insertion of Carbonyl Substrates into Cu‐H: Different Rate‐Limiting Steps as a Function of Electrophilicity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201916406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ba L. Tran
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Benjamin D. Neisen
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Amy L. Speelman
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Thilina Gunasekara
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Eric S. Wiedner
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - R. Morris Bullock
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99352 USA
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23
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Dunn PL, Johnson SI, Kaminsky W, Bullock RM. Diversion of Catalytic C-N Bond Formation to Catalytic Oxidation of NH 3 through Modification of the Hydrogen Atom Abstractor. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:3361-3365. [PMID: 32009401 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b13706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We report that (TMP)Ru(NH3)2 (TMP = tetramesitylporphryin) is a molecular catalyst for oxidation of ammonia to dinitrogen. An aryloxy radical, tri-tert-butylphenoxyl (ArO·), abstracts H atoms from a bound ammonia ligand of (TMP)Ru(NH3)2, leading to the discovery of a new catalytic C-N coupling to the para position of ArO· to form 4-amino-2,4,6-tri-tert-butylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one. Modification of the aryloxy radical to 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-tritylphenoxyl radical, which contains a trityl group at the para position, prevents C-N coupling and diverts the reaction to catalytic oxidation of NH3 to give N2. We achieved 125 ± 5 turnovers at 22 °C for oxidation of NH3, the highest turnover number (TON) reported to date for a molecular catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter L Dunn
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99352 , United States
| | - Samantha I Johnson
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99352 , United States
| | - Werner Kaminsky
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Box 351700 , Seattle , Washington 98195-1700 , United States
| | - R Morris Bullock
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99352 , United States
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24
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Wang M, Zhao Y, Mei D, Bullock RM, Gutiérrez OY, Camaioni DM, Lercher JA. The Critical Role of Reductive Steps in the Nickel-Catalyzed Hydrogenolysis and Hydrolysis of Aryl Ether C-O Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:1445-1449. [PMID: 31512341 PMCID: PMC7003888 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201909551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The hydrogenolysis of the aromatic C-O bond in aryl ethers catalyzed by Ni was studied in decalin and water. Observations of a significant kinetic isotope effect (kH /kD =5.7) for the reactions of diphenyl ether under H2 and D2 atmosphere and a positive dependence of the rate on H2 chemical potential in decalin indicate that addition of H to the aromatic ring is involved in the rate-limiting step. All kinetic evidence points to the fact that H addition occurs concerted with C-O bond scission. DFT calculations also suggest a route consistent with these observations involving hydrogen atom addition to the ipso position of the phenyl ring concerted with C-O scission. Hydrogenolysis initiated by H addition in water is more selective (ca. 75 %) than reactions in decalin (ca. 30 %).
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Institute for Integrated CatalysisPacific Northwest National LaboratoryP.O. Box 999RichlandWA99352USA
| | - Yuntao Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin UniversityTianjin300072China
| | - Donghai Mei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringTianjin Polytechnic UniversityTianjin300387China
| | - R. Morris Bullock
- Institute for Integrated CatalysisPacific Northwest National LaboratoryP.O. Box 999RichlandWA99352USA
| | - Oliver Y. Gutiérrez
- Institute for Integrated CatalysisPacific Northwest National LaboratoryP.O. Box 999RichlandWA99352USA
| | - Donald M. Camaioni
- Institute for Integrated CatalysisPacific Northwest National LaboratoryP.O. Box 999RichlandWA99352USA
| | - Johannes A. Lercher
- Institute for Integrated CatalysisPacific Northwest National LaboratoryP.O. Box 999RichlandWA99352USA
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research InstituteTU MünchenLichtenbergstrasse 485748GarchingGermany
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25
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Wang M, Zhao Y, Mei D, Bullock RM, Gutiérrez OY, Camaioni DM, Lercher JA. The Critical Role of Reductive Steps in the Nickel‐Catalyzed Hydrogenolysis and Hydrolysis of Aryl Ether C−O Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201909551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis Pacific Northwest National Laboratory P.O. Box 999 Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Yuntao Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Donghai Mei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Tianjin Polytechnic University Tianjin 300387 China
| | - R. Morris Bullock
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis Pacific Northwest National Laboratory P.O. Box 999 Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Oliver Y. Gutiérrez
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis Pacific Northwest National Laboratory P.O. Box 999 Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Donald M. Camaioni
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis Pacific Northwest National Laboratory P.O. Box 999 Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Johannes A. Lercher
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis Pacific Northwest National Laboratory P.O. Box 999 Richland WA 99352 USA
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Institute TU München Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85748 Garching Germany
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26
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Bhattacharya P, Heiden ZM, Chambers GM, Johnson SI, Bullock RM, Mock MT. Frontispiece: Catalytic Ammonia Oxidation to Dinitrogen by Hydrogen Atom Abstraction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201983461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Papri Bhattacharya
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis Pacific Northwest National Laboratory P.O. Box 999 Richland WA 99352 USA
| | | | - Geoffrey M. Chambers
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis Pacific Northwest National Laboratory P.O. Box 999 Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Samantha I. Johnson
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis Pacific Northwest National Laboratory P.O. Box 999 Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - R. Morris Bullock
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis Pacific Northwest National Laboratory P.O. Box 999 Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Michael T. Mock
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Montana State University Bozeman MT 59717 USA
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27
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Shan B, Brennaman MK, Troian-Gautier L, Liu Y, Nayak A, Klug CM, Li TT, Bullock RM, Meyer TJ. A Silicon-Based Heterojunction Integrated with a Molecular Excited State in a Water-Splitting Tandem Cell. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:10390-10398. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b04238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Shan
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - M. Kyle Brennaman
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Ludovic Troian-Gautier
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Yanming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Animesh Nayak
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Christina M. Klug
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, K2-12, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Ting-Ting Li
- Research Center of Applied Solid State Chemistry, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - R. Morris Bullock
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, K2-12, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Thomas J. Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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28
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Bhattacharya P, Heiden ZM, Chambers GM, Johnson SI, Bullock RM, Mock MT. Catalytic Ammonia Oxidation to Dinitrogen by Hydrogen Atom Abstraction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201903221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Papri Bhattacharya
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis Pacific Northwest National Laboratory P.O. Box 999 Richland WA 99352 USA
| | | | - Geoffrey M. Chambers
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis Pacific Northwest National Laboratory P.O. Box 999 Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Samantha I. Johnson
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis Pacific Northwest National Laboratory P.O. Box 999 Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - R. Morris Bullock
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis Pacific Northwest National Laboratory P.O. Box 999 Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Michael T. Mock
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Montana State University Bozeman MT 59717 USA
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29
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Bhattacharya P, Heiden ZM, Chambers GM, Johnson SI, Bullock RM, Mock MT. Catalytic Ammonia Oxidation to Dinitrogen by Hydrogen Atom Abstraction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:11618-11624. [PMID: 31115120 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201903221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Catalysts for the oxidation of NH3 are critical for the utilization of NH3 as a large-scale energy carrier. Molecular catalysts capable of oxidizing NH3 to N2 are rare. This report describes the use of [Cp*Ru(PtBu 2 NPh 2 )(15 NH3 )][BArF 4 ], (PtBu 2 NPh 2 =1,5-di(phenylaza)-3,7-di(tert-butylphospha)cyclooctane; ArF =3,5-(CF3 )2 C6 H3 ), to catalytically oxidize NH3 to dinitrogen under ambient conditions. The cleavage of six N-H bonds and the formation of an N≡N bond was achieved by coupling H+ and e- transfers as net hydrogen atom abstraction (HAA) steps using the 2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenoxyl radical (t Bu3 ArO. ) as the H atom acceptor. Employing an excess of t Bu3 ArO. under 1 atm of NH3 gas at 23 °C resulted in up to ten turnovers. Nitrogen isotopic (15 N) labeling studies provide initial mechanistic information suggesting a monometallic pathway during the N⋅⋅⋅N bond-forming step in the catalytic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Papri Bhattacharya
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | | | - Geoffrey M Chambers
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Samantha I Johnson
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - R Morris Bullock
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Michael T Mock
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Ba L. Tran
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - John L. Fulton
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - John C. Linehan
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | | | - Johannes A. Lercher
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - R. Morris Bullock
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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Chambers GM, Johnson SI, Raugei S, Bullock RM. Anion control of tautomeric equilibria: Fe-H vs. N-H influenced by NH···F hydrogen bonding. Chem Sci 2019; 10:1410-1418. [PMID: 30842818 PMCID: PMC6369578 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc04239j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Addition of excess BF4– to the iron hydride [Fe(PEtNMePEt)(CO)3H]+[B(C6F5)4]– leads to the NH tautomer, due to NH···F hydrogen bonding.
Counterions can play an active role in chemical reactivity, modulating reaction pathways, energetics and selectivity. We investigated the tautomeric equilibrium resulting from protonation of Fe(PEtNMePEt)(CO)3 (PEtNMePEt = (Et2PCH2)2NMe) at Fe or N. Protonation of Fe(PEtNMePEt)(CO)3 by [(Et2O)2H]+[B(C6F5)4]– occurs at the metal to give the iron hydride [Fe(PEtNMePEt)(CO)3H]+[B(C6F5)4]–. In contrast, treatment with HBF4·OEt2 gives protonation at the iron and at the pendant amine. Both the FeH and NH tautomers were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Addition of excess BF4– to the equilibrium mixture leads to the NH tautomer being exclusively observed, due to NH···F hydrogen bonding. A quantum chemical analysis of the bonding properties of these systems provided a quantification of hydrogen bonding of the NH to BF4– and to OTf–. Treatment of Fe(PEtNMePEt)(CO)3 with excess HOTf gives a dicationic complex where both the iron and nitrogen are protonated. Isomerization of the dicationic complex was studied by NOESY NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey M Chambers
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99352 , USA .
| | - Samantha I Johnson
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99352 , USA .
| | - Simone Raugei
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99352 , USA .
| | - R Morris Bullock
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99352 , USA .
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Prokopchuk DE, Chambers GM, Walter ED, Mock MT, Bullock RM. H2Binding, Splitting, and Net Hydrogen Atom Transfer at a Paramagnetic Iron Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:1871-1876. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b12823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Demyan E. Prokopchuk
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Geoffrey M. Chambers
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Eric D. Walter
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Michael T. Mock
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - R. Morris Bullock
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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Kumar N, Darmon JM, Weiss CJ, Helm ML, Raugei S, Morris Bullock R. Outer Coordination Sphere Proton Relay Base and Proximity Effects on Hydrogen Oxidation with Iron Electrocatalysts. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Kumar
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, K2-12, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Jonathan M. Darmon
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, K2-12, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Charles J. Weiss
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, K2-12, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Monte L. Helm
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, K2-12, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Simone Raugei
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, K2-12, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - R. Morris Bullock
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, K2-12, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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Cook BJ, Johnson SI, Chambers GM, Kaminsky W, Bullock RM. Triple hydrogen atom abstraction from Mn–NH3 complexes results in cyclophosphazenium cations. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:14058-14061. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc06915a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
All three H atoms of the NH3 ligand of [Mn(depe)2(CO)(NH3)]+ are abstracted by an organic radical, giving a rare cyclophosphazenium cation; computations suggest that insertion of NHx into a Mn–P bond provides a strong thermodynamic driving force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. Cook
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory P.O. Box 999
- Richland
- USA
| | - Samantha I. Johnson
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory P.O. Box 999
- Richland
- USA
| | - Geoffrey M. Chambers
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory P.O. Box 999
- Richland
- USA
| | | | - R. Morris Bullock
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory P.O. Box 999
- Richland
- USA
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Liao Q, Liu T, Johnson SI, Klug CM, Wiedner ES, Morris Bullock R, DuBois DL. Evaluation of attractive interactions in the second coordination sphere of iron complexes containing pendant amines. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:4867-4878. [PMID: 30882832 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00708c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The ability of different ligands to attract a pendant amine is studied in a series of iron complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liao
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland
- USA
| | - Tianbiao Liu
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland
- USA
| | - Samantha I. Johnson
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland
- USA
| | - Christina M. Klug
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland
- USA
| | - Eric S. Wiedner
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland
- USA
| | - R. Morris Bullock
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland
- USA
| | - Daniel L. DuBois
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland
- USA
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Johnson SI, Heins SP, Klug CM, Wiedner ES, Bullock RM, Raugei S. Design and reactivity of pentapyridyl metal complexes for ammonia oxidation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:5083-5086. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc01249d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Computational and experimental work shows that Mo pentapyridal complexes can oxidize ammonia in the presence of a chemical mediator and evolve N2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha I. Johnson
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland
- USA
| | - Spencer P. Heins
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland
- USA
| | - Christina M. Klug
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland
- USA
| | - Eric S. Wiedner
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland
- USA
| | - R. Morris Bullock
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland
- USA
| | - Simone Raugei
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland
- USA
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Chambers GM, Wiedner ES, Bullock RM. H
2
Oxidation Electrocatalysis Enabled by Metal‐to‐Metal Hydrogen Atom Transfer: A Homolytic Approach to a Heterolytic Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201807510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey M. Chambers
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Eric S. Wiedner
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - R. Morris Bullock
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99352 USA
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Chambers GM, Wiedner ES, Bullock RM. H
2
Oxidation Electrocatalysis Enabled by Metal‐to‐Metal Hydrogen Atom Transfer: A Homolytic Approach to a Heterolytic Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:13523-13527. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201807510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey M. Chambers
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Eric S. Wiedner
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - R. Morris Bullock
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99352 USA
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Tran BL, Fulton JL, Linehan JC, Lercher JA, Bullock RM. Rh(CAAC)-Catalyzed Arene Hydrogenation: Evidence for Nanocatalysis and Sterically Controlled Site-Selective Hydrogenation. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b02589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ba L. Tran
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - John L. Fulton
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - John C. Linehan
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Johannes A. Lercher
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - R. Morris Bullock
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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Chen JG, Crooks RM, Seefeldt LC, Bren KL, Bullock RM, Darensbourg MY, Holland PL, Hoffman B, Janik MJ, Jones AK, Kanatzidis MG, King P, Lancaster KM, Lymar SV, Pfromm P, Schneider WF, Schrock RR. Beyond fossil fuel-driven nitrogen transformations. Science 2018; 360:360/6391/eaar6611. [PMID: 29798857 DOI: 10.1126/science.aar6611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 714] [Impact Index Per Article: 119.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen is fundamental to all of life and many industrial processes. The interchange of nitrogen oxidation states in the industrial production of ammonia, nitric acid, and other commodity chemicals is largely powered by fossil fuels. A key goal of contemporary research in the field of nitrogen chemistry is to minimize the use of fossil fuels by developing more efficient heterogeneous, homogeneous, photo-, and electrocatalytic processes or by adapting the enzymatic processes underlying the natural nitrogen cycle. These approaches, as well as the challenges involved, are discussed in this Review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingguang G Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA. .,Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Richard M Crooks
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Lance C Seefeldt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84332, USA.
| | - Kara L Bren
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | | | | | | | - Brian Hoffman
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Michael J Janik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Anne K Jones
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85282, USA
| | | | - Paul King
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Kyle M Lancaster
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Baker Laboratory, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Sergei V Lymar
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Peter Pfromm
- Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6515, USA
| | - William F Schneider
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
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Klug CM, Cardenas AJP, Bullock RM, O’Hagan M, Wiedner ES. Reversing the Tradeoff between Rate and Overpotential in Molecular Electrocatalysts for H2 Production. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b04379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina M. Klug
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, K2-57, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Allan Jay P. Cardenas
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, K2-57, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - R. Morris Bullock
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, K2-57, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Molly O’Hagan
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, K2-57, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Eric S. Wiedner
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, K2-57, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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Kendall AJ, Johnson SI, Bullock RM, Mock MT. Catalytic Silylation of N 2 and Synthesis of NH 3 and N 2H 4 by Net Hydrogen Atom Transfer Reactions Using a Chromium P 4 Macrocycle. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:2528-2536. [PMID: 29384664 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b11132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report the first discrete molecular Cr-based catalysts for the reduction of N2. This study is focused on the reactivity of the Cr-N2 complex, trans-[Cr(N2)2(PPh4NBn4)] (P4Cr(N2)2), bearing a 16-membered tetraphosphine macrocycle. The architecture of the [16]-PPh4NBn4 ligand is critical to preserve the structural integrity of the catalyst. P4Cr(N2)2 was found to mediate the reduction of N2 at room temperature and 1 atm pressure by three complementary reaction pathways: (1) Cr-catalyzed reduction of N2 to N(SiMe3)3 by Na and Me3SiCl, affording up to 34 equiv N(SiMe3)3; (2) stoichiometric reduction of N2 by protons and electrons (for example, the reaction of cobaltocene and collidinium triflate at room temperature afforded 1.9 equiv of NH3, or at -78 °C afforded a mixture of NH3 and N2H4); and (3) the first example of NH3 formation from the reaction of a terminally bound N2 ligand with a traditional H atom source, TEMPOH (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-ol). We found that trans-[Cr(15N2)2(PPh4NBn4)] reacts with excess TEMPOH to afford 1.4 equiv of 15NH3. Isotopic labeling studies using TEMPOD afforded ND3 as the product of N2 reduction, confirming that the H atoms are provided by TEMPOH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Kendall
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Samantha I Johnson
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - R Morris Bullock
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Michael T Mock
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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Shan B, Sherman BD, Klug CM, Nayak A, Marquard SL, Liu Q, Bullock RM, Meyer TJ. Modulating Hole Transport in Multilayered Photocathodes with Derivatized p-Type Nickel Oxide and Molecular Assemblies for Solar-Driven Water Splitting. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:4374-4379. [PMID: 28853290 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
For solar water splitting, dye-sensitized NiO photocathodes have been a primary target. Despite marginal improvement in performance, limitations remain arising from the intrinsic disadvantages of NiO and insufficient catalysis. We report here a new approach to modifying NiO photocathodes with doped NiO bilayers and an additional layer of macro-mesoporous ITO. The trilayered electrode is functionalized with a surface-attached ruthenium polypyridyl dye and a covalently bridged nickel-based hydrogen evolution catalyst. The NiO film, containing a 2% K+-doped NiO inner layer and a 2% Cu2+-doped NiO outer layer, provides sufficient driving force for hole transport following hole injection by the molecular assembly. Upon light irradiation, the resulting photocathode generates hydrogen from water sustainably with enhanced photocurrents and a Faradaic efficiency of ∼90%. This approach highlights the value of modifying both the internal and surface structure of NiO and provides insights into a new generation of dye-sensitized photocathodes for solar-driven water splitting cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Shan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Benjamin D Sherman
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Christina M Klug
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , P.O. Box 999, K2-12, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Animesh Nayak
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Seth L Marquard
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - R Morris Bullock
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , P.O. Box 999, K2-12, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Thomas J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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Wang D, Sheridan MV, Shan B, Farnum BH, Marquard SL, Sherman BD, Eberhart MS, Nayak A, Dares CJ, Das AK, Bullock RM, Meyer TJ. Layer-by-Layer Molecular Assemblies for Dye-Sensitized Photoelectrosynthesis Cells Prepared by Atomic Layer Deposition. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:14518-14525. [PMID: 28810743 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b07216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In a dye sensitized photoelectrosynthesis cell (DSPEC), the relative orientation of the catalyst and chromophore plays an important role in determining the device efficiency. Here we introduce a new, robust atomic layer deposition (ALD) procedure for the preparation of molecular chromophore-catalyst assemblies on wide bandgap semiconductors. In this procedure, solution deposited, phosphonate derivatized metal complexes on metal oxide surfaces are treated with reactive metal reagents in the gas phase by ALD to form an outer metal ion bridging group, which can bind a second phosphonate containing species from solution to establish a R1-PO2-O-M-O-PO2-R2 type surface assembly. With the ALD procedure, assemblies bridged by Al(III), Sn(IV), Ti(IV), or Zr(IV) metal oxide units have been prepared. To evaluate the performance of this new type of surface assembly, intra-assembly electron transfer was investigated by transient absorption spectroscopy, and light-driven water splitting experiments under steady-state illumination were conducted. A SnO2 bridged assembly on SnO2/TiO2 core/shell electrodes undergoes light-driven water oxidation with an incident photon to current efficiency (IPCE) of 17.1% at 440 nm. Light-driven water reduction with a ruthenium trisbipyridine chromophore and molecular Ni(II) catalyst on NiO films was also used to produce H2. Compared to conventional solution-based procedures, the ALD approach offers significant advantages in scope and flexibility for the preparation of stable surface structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Degao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Matthew V Sheridan
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Bing Shan
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Byron H Farnum
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Seth L Marquard
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Benjamin D Sherman
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Michael S Eberhart
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Animesh Nayak
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Christopher J Dares
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University , 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Atanu K Das
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , P.O. Box 999, K2-12, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - R Morris Bullock
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , P.O. Box 999, K2-12, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Thomas J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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Bullock RM, Chambers GM. Frustration across the periodic table: heterolytic cleavage of dihydrogen by metal complexes. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2017; 375:20170002. [PMID: 28739961 PMCID: PMC5540836 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2017.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This perspective examines frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) in the context of heterolytic cleavage of H2 by transition metal complexes, with an emphasis on molecular complexes bearing an intramolecular Lewis base. FLPs have traditionally been associated with main group compounds, yet many reactions of transition metal complexes support a broader classification of FLPs that includes certain types of transition metal complexes with reactivity resembling main group-based FLPs. This article surveys transition metal complexes that heterolytically cleave H2, which vary in the degree that the Lewis pairs within these systems interact. Many of the examples include complexes bearing a pendant amine functioning as the base with the metal functioning as the hydride acceptor. Consideration of transition metal compounds in the context of FLPs can inspire new innovations and improvements in transition metal catalysis.This article is part of the themed issue 'Frustrated Lewis pair chemistry'.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Morris Bullock
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, PO Box 999, K2-12, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Geoffrey M Chambers
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, PO Box 999, K2-12, Richland, WA 99352, USA
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Prokopchuk DE, Wiedner ES, Walter ED, Popescu CV, Piro NA, Kassel WS, Bullock RM, Mock MT. Catalytic N2 Reduction to Silylamines and Thermodynamics of N2 Binding at Square Planar Fe. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:9291-9301. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b04552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Demyan E. Prokopchuk
- Center
for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box
999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Eric S. Wiedner
- Center
for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box
999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Eric D. Walter
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Codrina V. Popescu
- Department
of Chemistry, Colgate University, 13 Oak Drive, Hamilton, New York 13346, United States
| | - Nicholas A. Piro
- Department
of Chemistry, Villanova University, 800 E. Lancaster Ave., Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, United States
| | - W. Scott Kassel
- Department
of Chemistry, Villanova University, 800 E. Lancaster Ave., Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, United States
| | - R. Morris Bullock
- Center
for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box
999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Michael T. Mock
- Center
for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box
999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M. Klug
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, K2-57, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Molly O’Hagan
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, K2-57, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - R. Morris Bullock
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, K2-57, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Aaron M. Appel
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, K2-57, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Eric S. Wiedner
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, K2-57, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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Bullock RM, Das AK, Appel AM. Frontispiece: Surface Immobilization of Molecular Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion. Chemistry 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201783261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Morris Bullock
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Atanu K. Das
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Aaron M. Appel
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Richland WA 99352 USA
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Zhang S, Appel AM, Bullock RM. Reversible Heterolytic Cleavage of the H–H Bond by Molybdenum Complexes: Controlling the Dynamics of Exchange Between Proton and Hydride. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:7376-7387. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b03053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoguang Zhang
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, K2-12, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Aaron M. Appel
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, K2-12, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - R. Morris Bullock
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, K2-12, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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