1
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Li Q, Wu K, Zhu H, Yang Y, He S, Lian T. Charge Transfer from Quantum-Confined 0D, 1D, and 2D Nanocrystals. Chem Rev 2024; 124:5695-5763. [PMID: 38629390 PMCID: PMC11082908 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
The properties of colloidal quantum-confined semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs), including zero-dimensional (0D) quantum dots, 1D nanorods, 2D nanoplatelets, and their heterostructures, can be tuned through their size, dimensionality, and material composition. In their photovoltaic and photocatalytic applications, a key step is to generate spatially separated and long-lived electrons and holes by interfacial charge transfer. These charge transfer properties have been extensively studied recently, which is the subject of this Review. The Review starts with a summary of the electronic structure and optical properties of 0D-2D nanocrystals, followed by the advances in wave function engineering, a novel way to control the spatial distribution of electrons and holes, through their size, dimension, and composition. It discusses the dependence of NC charge transfer on various parameters and the development of the Auger-assisted charge transfer model. Recent advances in understanding multiple exciton generation, decay, and dissociation are also discussed, with an emphasis on multiple carrier transfer. Finally, the applications of nanocrystal-based systems for photocatalysis are reviewed, focusing on the photodriven charge separation and recombination processes that dictate the function and performance of these materials. The Review ends with a summary and outlook of key remaining challenges and promising future directions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyang Li
- Department
of Physics, University of Michigan, 450 Church St, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Kaifeng Wu
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Collaborative Innovation
Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haiming Zhu
- Department
of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Ye Yang
- The
State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM
(Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials),
College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Sheng He
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Tianquan Lian
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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2
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Ballabio M, Cánovas E. Electron Transfer at Quantum Dot–Metal Oxide Interfaces for Solar Energy Conversion. ACS NANOSCIENCE AU 2022; 2:367-395. [PMID: 36281255 PMCID: PMC9585894 DOI: 10.1021/acsnanoscienceau.2c00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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Electron transfer
at a donor–acceptor quantum dot–metal
oxide interface is a process fundamentally relevant to solar energy
conversion architectures as, e.g., sensitized solar cells and solar
fuels schemes. As kinetic competition at these technologically relevant
interfaces largely determines device performance, this Review surveys
several aspects linking electron transfer dynamics and device efficiency;
this correlation is done for systems aiming for efficiencies up to
and above the ∼33% efficiency limit set by Shockley and Queisser
for single gap devices. Furthermore, we critically comment on common
pitfalls associated with the interpretation of kinetic data obtained
from current methodologies and experimental approaches, and finally,
we highlight works that, to our judgment, have contributed to a better
understanding of the fundamentals governing electron transfer at quantum
dot–metal oxide interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ballabio
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Cánovas
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), 28049 Madrid, Spain
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3
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Castillo-Rodriguez J, Ortiz PD, Isaacs M, Martinez NP, O’Shea JN, Hart J, Temperton R, Zarate X, Contreras D, Schott E. Highly efficient hydrogen evolution reaction, plasmon-enhanced by AuNP-l-TiO2NP photocatalysts. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj03250f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A set of AuNPs-l-TiO2NPs nanoaggregates which showed efficient covering of the semiconductor's surface by AuNPs, as well as suitable AuNP sizes for LSPR-sensibilization were used as highly efficient photocatalysts for photoinduced HER.
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4
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Saeed S, Yin J, Khalid MA, Channar PA, Shabir G, Saeed A, Arif Nadeem M, Soci C, Iqbal A. Photoresponsive azobenzene ligand as an efficient electron acceptor for luminous CdTe quantum dots. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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5
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Charge/energy transfer dynamics in CuO quantum dots attached to photoresponsive azobenzene ligand. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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6
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Ortiz PD, Castillo-Rodriguez J, Zarate X, Martin-Trasanco R, Benito M, Mata I, Molins E, Schott E. Synthesis of Au Nanoparticles Assisted by Linker-Modified TiO 2 Nanoparticles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:9402-9409. [PMID: 30021439 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b04195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic nanoparticles, especially gold ones, have been widely employed as photosensitizers in photoelectrovoltaic or photocatalytic systems. To improve the system's performance, a greater interaction of the nanoparticles with the semiconductor, generally TiO2, is desired. Moreover, this performance is enhanced when an efficient covering of TiO2 surface by the sensitizer is achieved. The Brust-Schiffrin-like methods are of the most employed approaches for nanoparticles synthesis. In a traditional approach, the reduction of the gold precursor is performed in the presence of a stabilizer (typically a thiol molecule) free in solution. A second step in which the obtained nanoparticles are anchored to the semiconductor surface is necessary in the case of photosensitive applications. Drawbacks like steric hindrance turn more difficult the covering of the semiconductor's surface by nanoparticles. In this paper, we report a variation of this methodology, where the linker is previously anchored to the TiO2 nanoparticles surface. The resulting system is employed as the stabilizer in the gold reduction step. This strategy is carried out in aqueous media in two simple steps. A great covering of the titania surface by gold nanoparticles is achieved in all cases and the gold nanoparticles in the resulting nanoaggregate might be useful for photoelectrovoltaic or photocatalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro D Ortiz
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química , Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Avenida Vicuña Mackenna, 4860 , Santiago 7820436 , Chile
| | - Judith Castillo-Rodriguez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química , Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Avenida Vicuña Mackenna, 4860 , Santiago 7820436 , Chile
| | - Ximena Zarate
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería , Universidad Autónoma de Chile , Av. Pedro de Valdivia 425 , Santiago 7500912 , Chile
| | - Rudy Martin-Trasanco
- Centro de Nanociencias Aplicadas , Universidad Andres Bello , Santiago 8370146 , Chile
| | - Mónica Benito
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) , Campus UAB Bellaterra, Barcelona 0813 , España
| | - Ignasi Mata
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) , Campus UAB Bellaterra, Barcelona 0813 , España
| | - Elies Molins
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) , Campus UAB Bellaterra, Barcelona 0813 , España
| | - Eduardo Schott
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química , Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Avenida Vicuña Mackenna, 4860 , Santiago 7820436 , Chile
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7
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Ding WL, Peng XL, Sun ZZ, Li ZS. The electron injection rate in CdSe quantum dot sensitized solar cells: from a bifunctional linker and zinc oxide morphology. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:16806-16816. [PMID: 29072766 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr04847e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we have investigated the effect of both the bifunctional linker (L1, L2, L3, and L4) and ZnO morphology (porous nanoparticles (NPs), nanowires (NWs), and nanotubes (NTs-A and NTs-Z)) on the electron injection in CdSe QD sensitized solar cells by first-principles simulation. Via calculating the partitioned interfaces formed by different components (linker/QDs and ZnO/linker), we found that the electronic states of QDs and every ZnO substrate are insensitive to any linker, while the frontier orbitals of L1-L4 (with increased delocalization) manifest a systematical negative-shift. Because of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of L1 compared to its counterparts aligned in the region of the virtual states of QDs or the substrate with a high density of states, it always yields a stronger electronic coupling with QDs and varied substrates. After characterization of the complete ZnO/linker/QD system, we found that the electron injection time (τ) vastly depends on both the linker and substrate. On the one hand, L1 bridged QDs and every substrate always achieve the shortest τ compared to their counterpart associated cases. On the other hand, NW supported systems always yield the shortest τ no matter what the linker is. Overall, the NW/L1/QD system achieves the fastest injection by ∼160 fs. This essentially stems from the shortest molecular length of L1 decreasing the distance between QDs and the substrate, subsequently improving the interfacial coupling. Meanwhile, the NW supported cases generate the less sensitive virtual states for both the QDs and NWs, ensuring a less variable interfacial coupling. These facts combined can provide understanding of the effects contributed from the linker and the oxide semiconductor morphology on charge transfer with the aim of choosing an appropriate component with fast directional electron injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lu Ding
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
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8
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Abdellah M, Poulsen F, Zhu Q, Zhu N, Žídek K, Chábera P, Corti A, Hansen T, Chi Q, Canton SE, Zheng K, Pullerits T. Drastic difference between hole and electron injection through the gradient shell of Cd xSe yZn 1-xS 1-y quantum dots. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:12503-12508. [PMID: 28819669 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr04495j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast fluorescence spectroscopy was used to investigate the hole injection in CdxSeyZn1-xS1-y gradient core-shell quantum dot (CSQD) sensitized p-type NiO photocathodes. A series of CSQDs with a wide range of shell thicknesses was studied. Complementary photoelectrochemical cell measurements were carried out to confirm that the hole injection from the active core through the gradient shell to NiO takes place. The hole injection from the valence band of the QDs to NiO depends much less on the shell thickness when compared to the corresponding electron injection to n-type semiconductor (ZnO). We simulate the charge carrier tunneling through the potential barrier due to the gradient shell by numerically solving the Schrödinger equation. The details of the band alignment determining the potential barrier are obtained from X-ray spectroscopy measurements. The observed drastic differences between the hole and electron injection are consistent with a model where the hole effective mass decreases, while the gradient shell thickness increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abdellah
- Division of Chemical Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Box 124, 22100, Lund, Sweden.
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9
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Ponseca CS, Chábera P, Uhlig J, Persson P, Sundström V. Ultrafast Electron Dynamics in Solar Energy Conversion. Chem Rev 2017; 117:10940-11024. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlito S. Ponseca
- Division
of Chemical Physics, Chemical Center, and ‡Theoretical Chemistry Division,
Chemical Center, Lund University, Box 124, Lund SE-221 00, Sweden
| | - Pavel Chábera
- Division
of Chemical Physics, Chemical Center, and ‡Theoretical Chemistry Division,
Chemical Center, Lund University, Box 124, Lund SE-221 00, Sweden
| | - Jens Uhlig
- Division
of Chemical Physics, Chemical Center, and ‡Theoretical Chemistry Division,
Chemical Center, Lund University, Box 124, Lund SE-221 00, Sweden
| | - Petter Persson
- Division
of Chemical Physics, Chemical Center, and ‡Theoretical Chemistry Division,
Chemical Center, Lund University, Box 124, Lund SE-221 00, Sweden
| | - Villy Sundström
- Division
of Chemical Physics, Chemical Center, and ‡Theoretical Chemistry Division,
Chemical Center, Lund University, Box 124, Lund SE-221 00, Sweden
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10
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N. SB, Němec H, Žídek K, Abdellah M, Al-Marri MJ, Chábera P, Ponseca C, Zheng K, Pullerits T. Time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy reveals the influence of charged sensitizing quantum dots on the electron dynamics in ZnO. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:6006-6012. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp07509f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Photoinitiated charge carrier dynamics in ZnO nanoparticles sensitized by CdSe quantum dots is studied using transient absorption spectroscopy and time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sesha Bamini N.
- Department of Chemical Physics and NanoLund
- Lund University
- 22100 Lund
- Sweden
- National Center for Ultrafast Processes
| | - Hynek Němec
- Institute of Physics
- Czech Academy of Sciences
- 18221 Prague
- Czech Republic
| | - Karel Žídek
- Department of Chemical Physics and NanoLund
- Lund University
- 22100 Lund
- Sweden
| | - Mohamed Abdellah
- Department of Chemical Physics and NanoLund
- Lund University
- 22100 Lund
- Sweden
- Department of Chemistry
| | | | - Pavel Chábera
- Department of Chemical Physics and NanoLund
- Lund University
- 22100 Lund
- Sweden
| | - Carlito Ponseca
- Department of Chemical Physics and NanoLund
- Lund University
- 22100 Lund
- Sweden
| | - Kaibo Zheng
- Department of Chemical Physics and NanoLund
- Lund University
- 22100 Lund
- Sweden
- Gas Processing Center
| | - Tönu Pullerits
- Department of Chemical Physics and NanoLund
- Lund University
- 22100 Lund
- Sweden
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11
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Rivera-González N, Chauhan S, Watson DF. Aminoalkanoic Acids as Alternatives to Mercaptoalkanoic Acids for the Linker-Assisted Attachment of Quantum Dots to TiO2. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:9206-9215. [PMID: 27541724 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b02704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Linear aminoalkanoic acids (AAAs) and mercaptoalkanoic acids (MAAs) were characterized as bifunctional ligands to tether CdSe QDs to nanocrystalline TiO2 thin films and to mediate excited-state electron transfer (ET) from the QDs to TiO2 nanoparticles. The adsorption of 12-aminododecanoic acid (ADA) and 12-mercaptododecanoic acid (ADA) to TiO2 followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Surface adduct formation constants (Kad) were ∼10(4) M(-1); saturation amounts of the ligands per projected surface area of TiO2 (Γ0) were ∼10(-7) mol cm(-2). Both Kad and Γ0 differed by 20% or less for the two linkers. CdSe QDs adhered to ADA- and MDA-functionalized TiO2 films; data were well modeled by the Langmuir adsorption isotherm and Langmuir kinetics. For ADA- and MDA-mediated assembly values of Kad were (1.8 ± 0.4) × 10(6) and (2.4 ± 0.4) × 10(6) M(-1), values of Γ0 were (1.6 ± 0.3) × 10(-9) and (1.2 ± 0.1) × 10(-9) mol cm(-2), and rate constants were (14 ± 5) and (60 ± 20) M(-1) s(-1), respectively. Thus, the thermodynamics and kinetics of linker-assisted assembly were slightly more favorable for MDA than for ADA. Steady-state and time-resolved emission spectroscopy revealed that electrons were transferred from both band-edge and surface states of CdSe QDs to TiO2 with rate constants (ket) of ∼10(7) s(-1). ET was approximately twice as fast through thiol-bearing linker 4-mercaptobutyric acid (MBA) as through amine-bearing linker 4-aminobutyric acid (ABA). Photoexcited QDs transferred holes to adsorbed MBA. In contrast, ABA did not scavenge photogenerated holes from CdSe QDs, which maximized the separation of charges following ET. Additionally, ABA shifted electron-trapping surface states to higher energies, minimizing the loss of potential energy of electrons prior to ET. These trade-offs involving the kinetics and thermodynamics of linker-assisted assembly; the driving force, rate constant, and efficiency of ET; and the extent of photoinduced charge separation can inform the selection bifunctional ligands to tether QDs to surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Rivera-González
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York , Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
| | - Saurabh Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York , Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
| | - David F Watson
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York , Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
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12
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Damtie FA, Karki KJ, Pullerits T, Wacker A. Optimization schemes for efficient multiple exciton generation and extraction in colloidal quantum dots. J Chem Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4960507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Khadga J. Karki
- Chemical Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Tõnu Pullerits
- Chemical Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Andreas Wacker
- Mathematical Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden
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13
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Zhu N, Zheng K, Karki KJ, Abdellah M, Zhu Q, Carlson S, Haase D, Žídek K, Ulstrup J, Canton SE, Pullerits T, Chi Q. Sandwiched confinement of quantum dots in graphene matrix for efficient electron transfer and photocurrent production. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9860. [PMID: 25996307 PMCID: PMC4649995 DOI: 10.1038/srep09860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) and graphene are both promising materials for the development of new-generation optoelectronic devices. Towards this end, synergic assembly of these two building blocks is a key step but remains a challenge. Here, we show a one-step strategy for organizing QDs in a graphene matrix via interfacial self-assembly, leading to the formation of sandwiched hybrid QD-graphene nanofilms. We have explored structural features, electron transfer kinetics and photocurrent generation capacity of such hybrid nanofilms using a wide variety of advanced techniques. Graphene nanosheets interlink QDs and significantly improve electronic coupling, resulting in fast electron transfer from photoexcited QDs to graphene with a rate constant of 1.3 × 10(9) s(-1). Efficient electron transfer dramatically enhances photocurrent generation in a liquid-junction QD-sensitized solar cell where the hybrid nanofilm acts as a photoanode. We thereby demonstrate a cost-effective method to construct large-area QD-graphene hybrid nanofilms with straightforward scale-up potential for optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kaibo Zheng
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 124, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Khadga J. Karki
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 124, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mohamed Abdellah
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 124, 22100, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, South valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Qiushi Zhu
- The MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Box 124, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Stefan Carlson
- The MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Box 124, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Dörthe Haase
- The MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Box 124, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karel Žídek
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 124, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jens Ulstrup
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sophie E. Canton
- The MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Box 124, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tõnu Pullerits
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 124, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Qijin Chi
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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14
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Hines DA, Forrest RP, Corcelli SA, Kamat PV. Predicting the Rate Constant of Electron Tunneling Reactions at the CdSe–TiO2 Interface. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:7439-46. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5111295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas A. Hines
- Notre Dame Radiation Laboratory and ‡Department of
Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Ryan P. Forrest
- Notre Dame Radiation Laboratory and ‡Department of
Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Steven A. Corcelli
- Notre Dame Radiation Laboratory and ‡Department of
Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Prashant V. Kamat
- Notre Dame Radiation Laboratory and ‡Department of
Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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15
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Electron relaxation in the CdSe quantum dot--ZnO composite: prospects for photovoltaic applications. Sci Rep 2014; 4:7244. [PMID: 25430684 PMCID: PMC5384232 DOI: 10.1038/srep07244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum dot (QD)-metal oxide composite forms a “heart” of the QD-sensitized solar cells. It maintains light absorption and electron-hole separation in the system and has been therefore extensively studied. The interest is largely driven by a vision of harvesting the hot carrier energy before it is lost via relaxation. Despite of importance of the process, very little is known about the carrier relaxation in the QD-metal oxide composites. In order to fill this gap of knowledge we carry out a systematic study of initial electron dynamics in different CdSe QD systems. Our data reveal that QD attachment to ZnO induces a speeding-up of transient absorption onset. Detailed analysis of the onset proves that the changes are caused by an additional relaxation channel dependent on the identity of the QD-ZnO linker molecule. The faster relaxation represents an important factor for hot carrier energy harvesting, whose efficiency can be influenced by almost 50%.
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