1
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Ho CH, Paesani F. Elucidating the Competitive Adsorption of H 2O and CO 2 in CALF-20: New Insights for Enhanced Carbon Capture Metal-Organic Frameworks. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:48287-48295. [PMID: 37796189 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c11092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
In light of the pressing need for efficient carbon capture solutions, our study investigates the simultaneous adsorption of water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) as a function of relative humidity in CALF-20, a highly scalable and stable metal-organic framework (MOF). Advanced computer simulations reveal that due to their similar interactions with the framework, H2O and CO2 molecules compete for the same binding sites, occupying similar void regions within the CALF-20 pores. This competition results in distinct thermodynamic and dynamical behaviors of H2O and CO2 molecules, depending on whether one or both guest species are present. Notably, the presence of CO2 molecules forces the H2O molecules to form more connected hydrogen-bond networks within smaller regions, slowing water reorientation dynamics and decreasing water entropy. Conversely, the presence of water speeds up the reorientation of CO2 molecules, decreases the CO2 entropy, and increases the propensity for CO2 to be adsorbed within the framework due to stronger water-mediated interactions. Due to the competition for the same void spaces, both H2O and CO2 molecules exhibit slower diffusion when molecules of the other guest species are present. These findings offer valuable strategies and insights into enhancing the differential affinity of H2O and CO2 for MOFs specifically designed for carbon capture applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Hwa Ho
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Francesco Paesani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Halicioğlu Data Science Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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2
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Maeda M, Oda K, Hisaki I, Tahara K. Influence of core size on self-assembled molecular networks composed of C3h-symmetric building blocks through hydrogen bonding interactions: structural features and chirality. RSC Adv 2023; 13:29512-29521. [PMID: 37822655 PMCID: PMC10562897 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05762c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of the core size on the structure and chirality of self-assembled molecular networks was investigated using two aromatic carboxylic acid derivatives with frameworks displaying C3h symmetry, triphenylene derivative H3TTCA and dehydrobenzo[12]annulene (DBA) derivative DBACOOH, each having three carboxy groups per molecule. Scanning tunneling microscopy observations at the 1-heptanoic acid/graphite interface revealed H3TTCA exclusively forming a chiral honeycomb structure, and DBACOOH forming three structures (type I, II, and III structures) depending on its concentration and whether the system is subjected to annealing treatment. Hydrogen bonding interaction patterns and chirality were carefully analyzed based on a modeling study using molecular mechanics simulations. Moreover, DBACOOH forms chiral honeycomb structures through the co-adsorption of guest molecules. Structural diversity observed for DBACOOH is attributed to its relatively large core size, with this feature modulating the balance between molecule-molecule and molecule-substrate interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matsuhiro Maeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku Kawasaki 214-8571 Japan
| | - Kotoka Oda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku Kawasaki 214-8571 Japan
| | - Ichiro Hisaki
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University 1-3 Machikaneyama Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Kazukuni Tahara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku Kawasaki 214-8571 Japan
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3
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Fang Y, Ivasenko O, Sanz-Matias A, Mali KS, Tahara K, Tobe Y, De Feyter S. Spontaneous and scanning-assisted desorption-adsorption dynamics in porous supramolecular networks at the solution-solid interface. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:4301-4308. [PMID: 36756798 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr06400f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled molecular networks (SAMNs) are formed by the spontaneous assembly of molecules on surfaces. On conductive atomically flat surfaces, and also at the liquid-solid interface, scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) can follow their growth dynamics. Desorption and adsorption dynamics are difficult to probe through the liquid-solid interface. Porous molecular networks are of particular interest because they may act as platforms for sensing and host-guest chemistry. Very little is known though about their stability, particularly in a liquid environment. To this end, we have investigated the desorption/adsorption dynamics of supramolecular porous monolayers of alkoxylated dehydrobenzo[12]annulene (DBA) derivatives at the interface between highly oriented pyrolytic graphite, the substrate, and 1-phenyloctane, the liquid. To trace the dynamics, structurally analogous chiral DBA derivatives were used as marker molecules, which co-assemble with the achiral ones forming the supramolecular network. This approach reveals the time scales of the adsorption/desorption dynamics, the significance of temperature, and the important role of the STM tip in inducing dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Fang
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, PR China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Oleksandr Ivasenko
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, PR China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ana Sanz-Matias
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Kunal S Mali
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Kazukuni Tahara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Yoshito Tobe
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 30030, Taiwan
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan.
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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4
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Zhang Y, Lei P, Meng T, Deng K, Xiao X, Zeng Q. Coronene guest molecule selectivity in host templates formed by hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces at liquid/solid interfaces. NEW J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d3nj00382e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
COR guest molecules are selectively adsorbed in the hexagonal cavities in both H6PDB and H6PAB self-assembled systems and preferentially adsorbed in the H6PAB host template in the H6PAB/HPB system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Peng Lei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ting Meng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ke Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xunwen Xiao
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Qingdao Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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5
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Steeno R, Minoia A, Lazzaroni R, Mali KS, De Feyter S. Host-guest chemistry under confinement: peeking at early self-assembly events. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:3138-3141. [PMID: 35171159 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc07206d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanoscopic lateral confinement created on a graphite surface enabled the study of embryonic stages of molecular self-assembly on solid surfaces using scanning tunneling microscopy performed at the solution/solid interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roelof Steeno
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Andrea Minoia
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Materials Research Institute, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Roberto Lazzaroni
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Materials Research Institute, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Kunal S Mali
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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6
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Khan SB, Lee SL. Supramolecular Chemistry: Host-Guest Molecular Complexes. Molecules 2021; 26:3995. [PMID: 34208882 PMCID: PMC8271753 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent times, researchers have emphasized practical approaches for capturing coordinated and selective guest entrap. The physisorbed nanoporous supramolecular complexes have been widely used to restrain various guest species on compact supporting surfaces. The host-guest (HG) interactions in two-dimensional (2D) permeable porous linkages are growing expeditiously due to their future applications in biocatalysis, separation technology, or nanoscale patterning. The different crystal-like nanoporous network has been acquired to enclose and trap guest molecules of various dimensions and contours. The host centers have been lumped together via noncovalent interactions (such as hydrogen bonds, van der Waals (vdW) interactions, or coordinate bonds). In this review article, we enlighten and elucidate recent progress in HG chemistry, explored via scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). We summarize the synthesis, design, and characterization of typical HG structural design examined on various substrates, under ambient surroundings at the liquid-solid (LS) interface, or during ultrahigh vacuum (UHV). We emphasize isoreticular complexes, vibrant HG coordination, or hosts functional cavities responsive to the applied stimulus. Finally, we critically discuss the significant challenges in advancing this developing electrochemical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Bashir Khan
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Shern-Long Lee
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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7
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Graphene transistors for real-time monitoring molecular self-assembly dynamics. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4731. [PMID: 32948763 PMCID: PMC7501237 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18604-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mastering the dynamics of molecular assembly on surfaces enables the engineering of predictable structural motifs to bestow programmable properties upon target substrates. Yet, monitoring self-assembly in real time on technologically relevant interfaces between a substrate and a solution is challenging, due to experimental complexity of disentangling interfacial from bulk phenomena. Here, we show that graphene devices can be used as highly sensitive detectors to read out the dynamics of molecular self-assembly at the solid/liquid interface in-situ. Irradiation of a photochromic molecule is used to trigger the formation of a metastable self-assembled adlayer on graphene and the dynamics of this process are monitored by tracking the current in the device over time. In perspective, the electrical readout in graphene devices is a diagnostic and highly sensitive means to resolve molecular ensemble dynamics occurring down to the nanosecond time scale, thereby providing a practical and powerful tool to investigate molecular self-organization in 2D. Molecular self-assembly provides the desired functions to substrates, but investigation and control of its dynamics is challenging for the large area over which it must be detected. Here the authors report the use of graphene field effect devices to monitor with sub-second time resolution the photoinduced supramolecular assembly of a spiropyran derivative on graphene, covering an area of 100 × 100 μm2.
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8
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Ochs O, Martsinovich N, Heckl WM, Lackinger M. Quantifying the Ultraslow Desorption Kinetics of 2,6-Naphthalenedicarboxylic Acid Monolayers at Liquid-Solid Interfaces. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:7320-7326. [PMID: 32787298 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Kinetic effects in monolayer self-assembly at liquid-solid interfaces are not well explored but can provide unique insights. We use variable-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) to quantify the desorption kinetics of 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid (NDA) monolayers at nonanoic acid-graphite interfaces. Quantitative tracking of the decline of molecular coverages by STM between 57.5 and 65.0 °C unveiled single-exponential decays over the course of days. An Arrhenius plot of rate constants derived from fits results in a surprisingly high energy barrier of 208 kJ mol-1 that strongly contrasts with the desorption energy of 16.4 kJ mol-1 with respect to solution as determined from a Born-Haber cycle. This vast discrepancy indicates a high-energy transition state. Expanding these studies to further systems is the key to pinpointing the molecular origin of the remarkably large NDA desorption barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Ochs
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Deutsches Museum, Museumsinsel 1, 80538 Munich, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang M Heckl
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Deutsches Museum, Museumsinsel 1, 80538 Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Lackinger
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Deutsches Museum, Museumsinsel 1, 80538 Munich, Germany
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9
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Deng C, Liu Z, Ma C, Zhang H, Chi L. Dynamic Supramolecular Template: Multiple Stimuli-Controlled Size Adjustment of Porous Networks. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:5510-5516. [PMID: 32356994 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dynamically switchable porous networks offer exciting potential in functionalizing surfaces. The structure and morphology of the networks can be controlled by applying external stimuli. Here, a dynamic supramolecular template assembled by 1,3,5-tris(4-carboxyphenyl)benzene (BTB) is successfully achieved at the liquid-solid interface by applying two external stimuli simultaneously. Upon varying the concentration of BTB solution together with switching the polarity of the sample bias, self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) undergo phase transitions twice: an immediate transition from a compact structure to a macroporous (honeycomb) structure as a response to the change in the electric field and a fast-changing transition from the macroporous to a microporous (oblique) structure. With saturated BTB solution, however, the initial compact structure can only transform into the oblique structure after switching the polarity of the sample bias without the appearance of a honeycomb structure. The different phase transitions suggest that the dynamic supramolecular template can only survive at a specific concentration range and is obtainable by performing multiple stimuli simultaneously. Interestingly, introducing a guest molecule to the system can adjust the phase transition process and effectively stabilize the honeycomb structure of BTB. The flexibility associated with the porous networks renders it a dynamic supramolecular template for guest binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenfang Deng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiming Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
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10
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Tahara K, Kubo Y, Hashimoto S, Ishikawa T, Kaneko H, Brown A, Hirsch BE, Feyter SD, Tobe Y. Porous Self-Assembled Molecular Networks as Templates for Chiral-Position-Controlled Chemical Functionalization of Graphitic Surfaces. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:7699-7708. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c02979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazukuni Tahara
- Division of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8, Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Yuki Kubo
- Division of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Shingo Hashimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Toru Ishikawa
- Division of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Kaneko
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Anton Brown
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Brandon E. Hirsch
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yoshito Tobe
- Division of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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11
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Iritani K, Takeda H, Kather M, Yokoi M, Moeglen M, Ikeda M, Otsubo Y, Ozawa Y, Tahara K, Hirose K, De Feyter S, Tobe Y. Electrostatically Driven Guest Binding in Self-Assembled Molecular Network of Hexagonal Pyridine Macrocycle at the Liquid/Solid Interface: Symmetry Breaking Induced by Coadsorbed Solvent Molecules. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:15051-15062. [PMID: 31671263 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present here the construction of a self-assembled two-dimensional network at the liquid/solid interface using a hexagonal pyridine macrocycle which binds an organic cation in its intrinsic porous space by electrostatic interactions. For this purpose, a hexagonal pyridinylene-butadiynylene macrocycle (PyBM) having six octyloxymethyl groups, PyBM-C8, was synthesized. As guests, tropylium (Tr) tetrafluoroborate and trioxatriangulenium (TOTA) hexafluorophosphate were used. In this study, we focused on (i) the network patterns of PyBM-C8 which change in response to its concentration and (ii) the position of the guest immobilized in the porous space of the macrocycle. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) observations at the interface of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (TCB) and highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) revealed that PyBM-C8 formed four different polymorphs, oblique, loose hexagonal, linear, and rectangular, depending on the solute concentration and annealing treatment. Solvent TCB molecules are likely coadsorbed to not only the intrinsically porous space of PyBM-C8 (internal TCB) but also the space outside of the macrocycle between its alkyl chains (external TCB) in most of the cases. Upon adding the guest cation, whereas small Tr was not visualized in the pore due to size mismatching, larger TOTA was clearly observed in each pore. In addition, based on high-resolution STM images of the rhombus packing pattern of PyBM-C8, we revealed experimentally that TOTA was placed at an off-center position of the deformed hexagonal macrocyclic core in the rhombus pattern. On the basis of the molecular mechanics calculations, we hypothesize that the off-center location of TOTA is due to deformation of the hexagonal macrocycle through interaction with two external TCB molecules located at opposite edges of the macrocyclic core. Symmetry breaking of the macrocyclic host framework induced by coadsorbed surrounding solvent molecules thus plays a significant role in host-guest complexation at the liquid/solid interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Iritani
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering , Tokyo University of Technology , Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982 , Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yu Ozawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology , Meiji University , Kawasaki , Kanagawa 214-8571 , Japan
| | - Kazukuni Tahara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology , Meiji University , Kawasaki , Kanagawa 214-8571 , Japan
| | | | - Steven De Feyter
- Department of Chemistry , KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F , 3001 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Yoshito Tobe
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research , Osaka University , 8-1, Mihogaoka , Ibaraki Osaka 567-0047 , Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry , National Chiao Tung University , 1001 Ta-Hsueh Road , Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan
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12
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The interactions between the adsorbed molecules on the oil-water interface at various salt concentrations. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.110907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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13
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Galanti A, Diez-Cabanes V, Santoro J, Valášek M, Minoia A, Mayor M, Cornil J, Samorì P. Electronic Decoupling in C3-Symmetrical Light-Responsive Tris(Azobenzene) Scaffolds: Self-Assembly and Multiphotochromism. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:16062-16070. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b06324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Agostino Galanti
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Valentin Diez-Cabanes
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Jasmin Santoro
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT, Institute for Nanotechnology, P.O. Box
3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Michal Valášek
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT, Institute for Nanotechnology, P.O. Box
3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andrea Minoia
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Marcel Mayor
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT, Institute for Nanotechnology, P.O. Box
3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johannsring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Cornil
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Paolo Samorì
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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14
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Liu C, Park E, Jin Y, Liu J, Yu Y, Zhang W, Lei S, Hu W. Separation of Arylenevinylene Macrocycles with a Surface-Confined Two-Dimensional Covalent Organic Framework. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201803937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science; Department of Chemistry, School of Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin); Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin 150080 P. R. China
| | - Eunsol Park
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Colorado; Boulder CO 80309 USA
| | - Yinghua Jin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Colorado; Boulder CO 80309 USA
| | - Jie Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science; Department of Chemistry, School of Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin); Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Yanxia Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin 150080 P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Colorado; Boulder CO 80309 USA
| | - Shengbin Lei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science; Department of Chemistry, School of Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin); Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin 150080 P. R. China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science; Department of Chemistry, School of Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin); Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
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15
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Liu C, Park E, Jin Y, Liu J, Yu Y, Zhang W, Lei S, Hu W. Separation of Arylenevinylene Macrocycles with a Surface-Confined Two-Dimensional Covalent Organic Framework. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:8984-8988. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201803937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science; Department of Chemistry, School of Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin); Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin 150080 P. R. China
| | - Eunsol Park
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Colorado; Boulder CO 80309 USA
| | - Yinghua Jin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Colorado; Boulder CO 80309 USA
| | - Jie Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science; Department of Chemistry, School of Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin); Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Yanxia Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin 150080 P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Colorado; Boulder CO 80309 USA
| | - Shengbin Lei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science; Department of Chemistry, School of Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin); Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin 150080 P. R. China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science; Department of Chemistry, School of Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin); Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
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16
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Cheng KY, Lee SL, Kuo TY, Lin CH, Chen YC, Kuo TH, Hsu CC, Chen CH. Template-Assisted Proximity for Oligomerization of Fullerenes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:5416-5421. [PMID: 29676918 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Demonstrated herein is an unprecedented porous template-assisted reaction at the solid-liquid interface involving bond formation, which is typically collision-driven and occurs in the solution and gas phases. The template is a TMA (trimesic acid) monolayer with two-dimensional pores that host fullerenes, which otherwise exhibit an insignificant affinity to an undecorated graphite substrate. The confinement of C84 units in the TMA pores formulates a proximity that is ideal for bond formation. The oligomerization of C84 is triggered by an electric pulse via a scanning tunneling microscope tip. The spacing between C84 moieties becomes 1.4 nm, which is larger than the edge-to-edge diameter of 1.1-1.2 nm of C84 due to the formation of intermolecular single bonds. In addition, the characteristic mass-to-charge ratios of dimers and trimers are observed by mass spectrometry. The experimental findings shed light on the active role of spatially tailored templates in facilitating the chemical activity of guest molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kum-Yi Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices , National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Shern-Long Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices , National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yang Kuo
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices , National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsun Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices , National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chen Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices , National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hao Kuo
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices , National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chih Hsu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices , National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsien Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices , National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
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17
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Teyssandier J, Feyter SD, Mali KS. Host-guest chemistry in two-dimensional supramolecular networks. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 52:11465-11487. [PMID: 27709179 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc05256h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nanoporous supramolecular networks physisorbed on solid surfaces have been extensively used to immobilize a variety of guest molecules. Host-guest chemistry in such two-dimensional (2D) porous networks is a rapidly expanding field due to potential applications in separation technology, catalysis and nanoscale patterning. Diverse structural topologies with high crystallinity have been obtained to capture molecular guests of different sizes and shapes. A range of non-covalent forces such as hydrogen bonds, van der Waals interactions, coordinate bonds have been employed to assemble the host networks. Recent years have witnessed a surge in the activity in this field with the implementation of rational design strategies for realizing controlled and selective guest capture. In this feature article, we review the development in the field of surface-supported host-guest chemistry as studied by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Typical host-guest architectures studied on solid surfaces, both under ambient conditions at the solution-solid interface as well as those formed at the ultrahigh vacuum (UHV)-solid interface, are described. We focus on isoreticular host networks, hosts functionalized pores and dynamic host-guest systems that respond to external stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Teyssandier
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Kunal S Mali
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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18
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Yan L, Kuang G, Lin N. Phase separation and selective guest–host binding in multi-component supramolecular self-assembly on Au(111). Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:10570-10573. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc04491k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We find a phase separation and selective guest–host inclusion in the self-assembly of trimesic acid, benzenetribenzoic acid and coronene on Au(111).
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghao Yan
- Department of Physics
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- China
| | - Guowen Kuang
- Department of Physics
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- China
| | - Nian Lin
- Department of Physics
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- China
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19
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Geng Y, Wang S, Shen M, Wang R, Yang X, Tu B, Zhao D, Zeng Q. Selective Adsorption of Coronene atop the Polycyclic Aromatic Diimide Monolayer Investigated by STM and DFT. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:5611-5617. [PMID: 31457826 PMCID: PMC6644409 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The self-assemblies of polycyclic aromatic diimide (PAI) compounds on solid surfaces have attracted great interest because of the versatile and attractive properties for application in organic electronics. Here, a planar guest species (coronene) selectively adsorbs on the helicene-typed PAI1 monolayer strongly, depending on the conjugated cores of these PAIs. PAI1 molecule displays evidently a bowl structure lying on the highly oriented pyrolytic graphite surface due to the torsion of the "C"-shaped fused benzene rings. In combination with density functional theory calculation, the selective inclusion of coronene atop the backbone of the PAI1 array might be attributed to the bowl structure, which provides a groove for immobilizing coronene molecules. On the other planar densely packed arrays, it is difficult to observe the unstable adsorption of coronene. The selective addition of coronene molecules would be a strategic step toward the controllable multicomponent supramolecular architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Geng
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology,
CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), 11 Zhongguancunbeiyitiao, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Wang
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology,
CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), 11 Zhongguancunbeiyitiao, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Mengqi Shen
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology,
CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), 11 Zhongguancunbeiyitiao, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Ranran Wang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, The Key Laboratory of
Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education, College
of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, The Key Laboratory of
Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education, College
of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Bin Tu
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology,
CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), 11 Zhongguancunbeiyitiao, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Dahui Zhao
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, The Key Laboratory of
Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education, College
of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Qingdao Zeng
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology,
CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), 11 Zhongguancunbeiyitiao, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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20
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MacLeod JM, Lipton-Duffin J, Fu C, Taerum T, Perepichka DF, Rosei F. A 2D Substitutional Solid Solution through Hydrogen Bonding of Molecular Building Blocks. ACS NANO 2017; 11:8901-8909. [PMID: 28806527 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b03172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) molecular self-assembly allows for the formation of well-defined supramolecular layers with tailored geometrical, compositional, and chemical properties. To date, random intermixing and entropic effects in these systems have largely been associated with crystalline disorder and glassy phases. Here we describe a 2D crystalline self-assembled molecular system that exhibits random incorporation of substitutional molecules. The lattice is formed from a mixture of trimesic acid (TMA) and terthienobenzenetricarboxylic acid (TTBTA), C3-symmetric hydrogen-bonding units of very different sizes (0.79 and 1.16 nm, respectively), at the solution-highly oriented pyrolitic graphite (HOPG) interface. Remarkably, the TTBTA substitutes into the TMA lattice at a fixed stoichiometry near 12%. The resulting lattice constant is consistent with Vegard's law prediction for an alloy with a composition TMA0.88TTBTA0.12, and the substrate orientation of the lattice is defined by an epitaxial relation with the HOPG substrate. The Gibbs free energy for the TMA/TTBTA lattice was elucidated by considering the entropy of intermixing, via Monte Carlo simulations of multiplicity of the substitutional lattices, and the enthalpy of intermixing, via density functional theory calculations. The latter show that both the bond enthalpy of the H-bonded lattice and the adsorption enthalpy of the molecule/substrate interactions play important roles. This work provides insight into the manifestation of entropy in a molecular crystal constrained by both epitaxy and intermolecular interactions and demonstrates that a randomly intermixed yet crystalline 2D solid can be formed through hydrogen bonding of molecular building blocks of very different size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M MacLeod
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie, Matériaux, Télécommunications , 1650 Lionel Boulet Boulevard, Varennes, QC, Canada J3X 1S2
| | - Josh Lipton-Duffin
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie, Matériaux, Télécommunications , 1650 Lionel Boulet Boulevard, Varennes, QC, Canada J3X 1S2
| | - Chaoying Fu
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke Street W., Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 0B8
| | - Tyler Taerum
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke Street W., Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 0B8
| | - Dmitrii F Perepichka
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke Street W., Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 0B8
| | - Federico Rosei
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie, Matériaux, Télécommunications , 1650 Lionel Boulet Boulevard, Varennes, QC, Canada J3X 1S2
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054, People's Republic of China
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21
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Schäfer P, Lalitha A, Sebastian P, Meena SK, Feliu J, Sulpizi M, van der Veen MA, Domke KF. Trimesic acid on Cu in ethanol: Potential-dependent transition from 2-D adsorbate to 3-D metal-organic framework. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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22
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Spitzer S, Helmle O, Ochs O, Horsley J, Martsinovich N, Heckl WM, Lackinger M. What can be inferred from moiré patterns? A case study of trimesic acid monolayers on graphite. Faraday Discuss 2017; 204:331-348. [PMID: 28776616 DOI: 10.1039/c7fd00113d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembly of benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid (trimesic acid – TMA) monolayers at the alkanoic acid–graphite interface is revisited. Even though this archetypal model system for hydrogen bonded porous networks is particularly well studied, the analysis of routinely observed superperiodic contrast modulations known as moiré patterns lags significantly behind. Fundamental questions remain unanswered such as, are moiré periodicity and orientation always the same, i.e. is exclusively only one specific moiré pattern observed? What are the geometric relationships (superstructure matrices) between moiré, TMA, and graphite lattices? What affects the moiré pattern formation? Is there any influence from solvent, concentration, or thermal treatment? These basic questions are addressed via scanning tunneling microscopy experiments at the liquid–solid interface, revealing a variety of different moiré patterns. Interestingly, TMA and graphite lattices were always found to be ∼5° rotated with respect to each other. Consequently, the observed variation in the moiré patterns is attributed to minute deviations (<2°) from this preferred orientation. Quantitative analysis of moiré periods and orientations facilitates the determination of the TMA lattice parameter with picometer precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Spitzer
- Department of Physics
- Technische Universität München
- 85748 Garching
- Germany
- Nanosystems-Initiative-Munich
| | - Oliver Helmle
- Department of Physics
- Technische Universität München
- 85748 Garching
- Germany
- Nanosystems-Initiative-Munich
| | - Oliver Ochs
- Department of Physics
- Technische Universität München
- 85748 Garching
- Germany
- Nanosystems-Initiative-Munich
| | - Joshua Horsley
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Sheffield
- Sheffield S3 7HF
- UK
| | | | - Wolfgang M. Heckl
- Department of Physics
- Technische Universität München
- 85748 Garching
- Germany
- Nanosystems-Initiative-Munich
| | - Markus Lackinger
- Department of Physics
- Technische Universität München
- 85748 Garching
- Germany
- Nanosystems-Initiative-Munich
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23
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Pfeiffer CR, Pearce N, Champness NR. Complexity of two-dimensional self-assembled arrays at surfaces. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:11528-11539. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc06110b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The developing field of complexity in self-assembled systems on surfaces is discussed.
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24
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Zhao H, Li Y, Chen D, Liu B. Investigating the Co-Adsorption Behavior of Nucleic-Acid Base (Thymine and Cytosine) and Melamine at Liquid/Solid Interface. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2016; 11:552. [PMID: 28000170 PMCID: PMC5174008 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-016-1767-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The co-adsorption behavior of nucleic-acid base (thymine; cytosine) and melamine was investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) technique at liquid/solid (1-octanol/graphite) interface. STM characterization results indicate that phase separation happened after dropping the mixed solution of thymine-melamine onto highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surface, while the hetero-component cluster-like structure was observed when cytosine-melamine binary assembly system is used. From the viewpoints of non-covalent interactions calculated by using density functional theory (DFT) method, the formation mechanisms of these assembled structures were explored in detail. This work will supply a methodology to design the supramolecular assembled structures and the hetero-component materials composed by biological and chemical compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Zhao
- Institute of Photo-biophysics, School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yinli Li
- Institute of Photo-biophysics, School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004 People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong Chen
- Institute of Photo-biophysics, School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004 People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Liu
- Institute of Photo-biophysics, School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004 People’s Republic of China
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25
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Tobe Y, Tahara K, De Feyter S. Adaptive Building Blocks Consisting of Rigid Triangular Core and Flexible Alkoxy Chains for Self-Assembly at Liquid/Solid Interfaces. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2016. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20160214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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26
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Dai H, Yi W, Deng K, Wang H, Zeng Q. Formation of Coronene Clusters in Concentration and Temperature Controlled Two-Dimensional Porous Network. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:21095-21100. [PMID: 27463768 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b06638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this research, with the assistance of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), we observed the two-dimensional (2D) self-assembly transition of a star-shaped oligofluorene derivative (StOF) from disordered structure to honeycomb network by adjusting StOF concentration in solution. By introducing guest molecules coronene (COR), we for the first time achieved novel triangle-shaped COR trimers on liquid/highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) interface in both honeycomb network and the disordered structure. In thermal tests, the COR/StOF-disorder system underwent a structural conformation to form well-ordered ladder structures, while the COR/StOF-honeycomb system remained the perfect hexagonal network with COR trimers included in the cavities. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been employed to investigate the forming mechanism of the molecular nanoarrays. These studies are expected to enhance controlling on 2D self-assembly and provide a facial approach toward constructing on-surface molecular clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Yi
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials, Henan University , Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
| | - Ke Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hua Wang
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials, Henan University , Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
| | - Qingdao Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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27
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Tahara K, Nakatani K, Iritani K, De Feyter S, Tobe Y. Periodic Functionalization of Surface-Confined Pores in a Two-Dimensional Porous Network Using a Tailored Molecular Building Block. ACS NANO 2016; 10:2113-2120. [PMID: 26838957 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b06483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We present here the periodic functionalization of a two-dimensional (2D) porous molecular network using a tailored molecular building block. For this purpose, a dehydrobenzo[12]annulene (DBA) derivative, 1-isoDBA, having an isophthalic acid unit connected by an azobenzene linker to a C12 alkyl chain and five C14 chains, was designed and synthesized. After the optimization of monolayer preparation conditions at the 1,2,4-trichlorobezene (TCB)/graphite interface, scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) observation of the self-assembled monolayer of 1-isoDBA revealed the formation of extended domains of a porous honeycomb-type molecular network, which consists of periodically located nanowells each functionalized by a cyclic hexamer of hydrogen-bonded isophthalic acid units and those without functional groups. This result demonstrates that the present strategy based on precise molecular design is a viable route to site-specific functionalization of surface-confined nanowells. The nanowells of different size can be used for guest coadsorption of different guests, coronene COR and hexakis[4-(phenylethynyl)phenylethynyl]benzene HPEPEB, whose size and shape match the respective nanowells. STM observation of a ternary mixture (1-isoDBA/COR/HPEPEB) at the TCB/graphite interface revealed the site-selective immobilization of the two different guest molecules at the respective nanowells, producing a highly ordered three-component 2D structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazukuni Tahara
- Division of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University , Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) , Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Kenta Nakatani
- Division of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University , Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Kohei Iritani
- Division of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University , Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yoshito Tobe
- Division of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University , Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
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28
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Sun J, Zhou X, Lei S. Host–guest architectures with a surface confined imine covalent organic framework as two-dimensional host networks. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:8691-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc09276k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Surface COF is used as a host to accommodate three guest molecules, and selective accommodation of F16CuPc was confirmed by STM and DFT investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
- People's Republic of China
| | - Shengbin Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
- People's Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry
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29
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Adsorption thermodynamics of cross-shaped molecules with one attractive arm on random heterogeneous square lattice. ADSORPTION 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10450-015-9747-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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30
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Lee SL, Fang Y, Velpula G, Cometto FP, Lingenfelder M, Müllen K, Mali KS, De Feyter S. Reversible Local and Global Switching in Multicomponent Supramolecular Networks: Controlled Guest Release and Capture at the Solution/Solid Interface. ACS NANO 2015; 9:11608-17. [PMID: 26550765 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b06081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Dynamically switchable supramolecular systems offer exciting possibilities in building smart surfaces, the structure and thus the function of which can be controlled by using external stimuli. Here we demonstrate an elegant approach where the guest binding ability of a supramolecular surface can be controlled by inducing structural transitions in it. A physisorbed self-assembled network of a simple hydrogen bonding building block is used as a switching platform. We illustrate that the reversible transition between porous and nonporous networks can be accomplished using an electric field or applying a thermal stimulus. These transitions are used to achieve controlled guest release or capture at the solution-solid interface. The electric field and the temperature-mediated methods of guest release are operative at different length scales. While the former triggers the transition and thus guest release at the nanometer scale, the latter is effective over a much larger scale. The flexibility associated with physisorbed self-assembled networks renders this approach an attractive alternative to conventional switchable systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shern-Long Lee
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven-University of Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yuan Fang
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven-University of Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gangamallaiah Velpula
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven-University of Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Kunal S Mali
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven-University of Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven-University of Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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31
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Song W, Martsinovich N, Heckl WM, Lackinger M. Thermodynamics of 4,4'-stilbenedicarboxylic acid monolayer self-assembly at the nonanoic acid-graphite interface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 16:13239-47. [PMID: 24870380 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp01147c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A direct calorimetric measurement of the overall enthalpy change associated with self-assembly of organic monolayers at the liquid-solid interface is for most systems of interest practically impossible. In previous work we proposed an adapted Born-Haber cycle for an indirect assessment of the overall enthalpy change by using terephthalic acid monolayers at the nonanoic acid-graphite interface as a model system. To this end, the sublimation enthalpy, dissolution enthalpy, the monolayer binding enthalpy in vacuum, and a dewetting enthalpy are combined to yield the total enthalpy change. In the present study the Born-Haber cycle is applied to 4,4'-stilbenedicarboxylic acid monolayers. A detailed comparison of these two aromatic dicarboxylic acids is used to evaluate and quantify the contribution of the organic backbone for stabilization of the monolayer at the nonanoic acid-graphite interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Song
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.
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32
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Zentner CA, Lai HWH, Greenfield JT, Wiscons RA, Zeller M, Campana CF, Talu O, FitzGerald SA, Rowsell JLC. High surface area and Z′ in a thermally stable 8-fold polycatenated hydrogen-bonded framework. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:11642-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc04219d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Permanent porosity, a large surface area, and unprecedented Z′ was exhibited in an 8-fold polycatenated hydrogen-bonded organic framework.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Holden W. H. Lai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Oberlin College
- Oberlin
- USA
| | | | - Ren A. Wiscons
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Oberlin College
- Oberlin
- USA
| | - Matthias Zeller
- Department of Chemistry
- Youngstown State University
- One University Plaza
- Youngstown
- USA
| | | | - Orhan Talu
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering
- Cleveland State University
- Cleveland
- USA
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33
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Xue J, Deng K, Liu B, Duan W, Zeng Q, Wang C. Site-selection and adaptive reconstruction in a two-dimensional nanoporous network in response to guest inclusion. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra01517k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We coronene (COR) molecule is added into the flexible binary network formed by tetraacidic azobenzene (NN4A) and trans-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene (DPE), the binary network breaks and reconstruction structures of NN4A/COR host–guest systems are subsequently formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- JinDong Xue
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Beijing Jiaotong University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Ke Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology
- Beijing
- China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Beijing Jiaotong University
- Beijing
- China
| | - WuBiao Duan
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Beijing Jiaotong University
- Beijing
- China
| | - QingDao Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology
- Beijing
- China
| | - Chen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology
- Beijing
- China
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34
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Zheng QN, Wang L, Zhong YW, Liu XH, Chen T, Yan HJ, Wang D, Yao JN, Wan LJ. Adaptive reorganization of 2D molecular nanoporous network induced by coadsorbed guest molecule. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:3034-3040. [PMID: 24628397 DOI: 10.1021/la5002418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The ordered array of nanovoids in nanoporous networks, such as honeycomb, Kagome, and square, provides a molecular template for the accommodation of "guest molecules". Compared with the commonly studied guest molecules featuring high symmetry evenly incorporated into the template, guest molecules featuring lower symmetry are rare to report. Herein, we report the formation of a distinct patterned superlattice of guest molecules by selective trapping of guest molecules into the honeycomb network of trimesic acid (TMA). Two distinct surface patterns have been achieved by the guest inclusion induced adaptive reconstruction of a 2D molecular nanoporous network. The honeycomb networks can synergetically tune the arrangement upon inclusion of the guest molecules with different core size but similar peripherals groups, resulting in a trihexagonal Kagome or triangular patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Na Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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35
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den Boer D, Han GD, Swager TM. Templating fullerenes by domain boundaries of a nanoporous network. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:762-7. [PMID: 24401040 DOI: 10.1021/la403807x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We present a new templating approach that combines the templating properties of nanoporous networks with the dynamic properties and the lattice mismatch of domain boundaries. This templating approach allows for the inclusion of guests with different sizes without the need for a strict molecular design to tailor the nanoporous network. With this approach, nonperiodic patterns of functional molecules can be formed and studied. We show that domain boundaries in a trimesic acid network are preferred over pores within the network as adsorption sites for fullerenes by a factor of 100-200. Pristine fullerenes of different sizes and functionalized fullerenes were templated in this way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan den Boer
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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36
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Iancu V, Braun KF, Schouteden K, Van Haesendonck C. Probing the electronic properties of trimesic acid nanoporous networks on Au(111). LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:11593-11599. [PMID: 23944842 DOI: 10.1021/la402282x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays molecular nanoporous networks have numerous uses in surface nanopatterning applications and in studies of host-guest interactions. Trimesic acid (TMA), a benzene derivative with three carboxylic groups, is a marvelous building block for forming 2D H-bonded porous networks. Here, we report a low-temperature study of the nanoporous "chicken-wire" superstructure formed by TMA molecules adsorbed on a Au(111) surface. Distinct preferential orientations of the porous networks on Au(111) lead to the formation of peculiar TMA polymorphs that are stabilized only at the boundary between rotational molecular domains. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy are used to investigate the electronic properties of both the molecular building blocks and the pores. Sub-molecular-resolution imaging and spatially resolved electronic spectroscopy reveal a remarkable change in the appearance of the molecules in the STM images at energies in the range of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, accompanied by highly extended molecular wave functions into the pores. The electronic structure of the pores reflects a weak confinement of surface electrons by the TMA network. Our experimental observations are corroborated by density-functional-theory-based calculations of the nanoporous structure adsorbed on Au(111).
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Iancu
- Laboratory of Solid-State Physics and Magnetism, KU Leuven , BE-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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37
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MacLeod JM, Ben Chaouch Z, Perepichka DF, Rosei F. Two-dimensional self-assembly of a symmetry-reduced tricarboxylic acid. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:7318-7324. [PMID: 23327627 DOI: 10.1021/la3047593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Investigations of the self-assembly of simple molecules at the solution/solid interface can provide useful insight into the general principles governing supramolecular chemistry in two dimensions. Here, we report on the assembly of 3,4',5-biphenyl tricarboxylic acid (H3BHTC), a small hydrogen bonding unit related to the much-studied 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid (trimesic acid, TMA), which we investigate using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. STM images show that H3BHTC assembles by itself into an offset zigzag chain structure that maximizes the surface molecular density in favor of maximizing the number density of strong cyclic hydrogen bonds between the carboxylic groups. The offset geometry creates "sticky" pores that promote solvent coadsorption. Adding coronene to the molecular solution produces a transformation to a high-symmetry host-guest lattice stabilized by a dimeric/trimeric hydrogen bonding motif similar to the TMA flower structure. Finally, we show that the H3BHTC lattice firmly immobilizes the guest coronene molecules, allowing for high-resolution imaging of the coronene structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M MacLeod
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie, Matériaux, Télécommunications, Varennes, QC, Canada
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38
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Zalake P, Thomas KG. Role of hydrogen bonding on the self-organization of phenyleneethynylenes on surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:2242-2249. [PMID: 23331130 DOI: 10.1021/la3048592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A series of carboxylic acid substituted phenyleneethynylenes, having a rigid backbone of 2.7 ± 0.1 nm, were synthesized by following the Heck-Cassar-Sonagashira-Hagihara cross-coupling reaction. Hydrogen bonding, through the formation of cyclic dimers of carboxylic acid, is more preferred over catemeric structures in all the molecular systems under investigation. The formation of extended two-dimensional patterns on highly oriented pyrolitic graphite (HOPG) surface is dictated by the position as well as number of the carboxylic acid groups on the phenyleneethynylenes. Highly ordered extended arrangements, in the linear and stepwise fashion, were observed when the carboxylic acid groups are attached in the para and meta positions of phenyleneethynylenes. The vital role of the number of carboxylic acid on the organization of molecules is evident in the case of tetracarboxylic acid derivative wherein a Kagome-type structure was observed. Further, the coassembly of two types of phenyleneethynylenes was achieved on HOPG surface through acid base interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratap Zalake
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM), CET Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, India
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