1
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Sakata J, Furusho A, Sugiyama E, Sakane I, Todoroki K, Mizuno H. Development of a highly efficient solubilization method for mass spectrometric analysis of phospholipids in living single cells. ANAL SCI 2024; 40:917-924. [PMID: 38546806 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-024-00542-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/24/2024]
Abstract
Phospholipids are vital constituents of the cell membrane and aid in signal transduction. Phospholipid profiles vary distinctively with the cell type. Notably, specific phospholipid molecules are present in significantly higher or lower concentrations in cancer cells versus normal cells. In this study, live single-cell mass spectrometry (MS) was developed for analyzing phospholipids at the single-cell level. This method facilitates rapid molecular analysis of cells under microscopic observation. For nanoelectrospray ionization, phospholipids were extracted from single cells isolated in a glass capillary through a high-efficiency process. Cell-derived phosphatidylcholines were detected with high sensitivity when trehalose C14 was added as a solubilizing reagent. Trehalose C14 can solubilize cells at low concentrations owing to its low critical micelle concentration, and exerts minimal matrix effects (such as suppressing ionization and causing peak overlap) in the MS analysis of cellular molecules. Analyses of phospholipids in Raji and HEV0070 cells using the developed method revealed specific peaks of phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin in the respective cells. The developed technique not only affords phospholipid profiles at the single-cell level, but also holds promise for identifying biomarkers associated with various diseases, particularly cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo Sakata
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-Ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Aogu Furusho
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-Ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Eiji Sugiyama
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-Ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Iwao Sakane
- Central Research Institute, ITO EN, Ltd., 21 Mekami, Makinohara, Shizuoka, 421-0516, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Todoroki
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-Ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Hajime Mizuno
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-Ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 468-8503, Japan.
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2
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Wycisk V, Wagner MC, Urner LH. Trends in the Diversification of the Detergentome. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300386. [PMID: 37668309 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Detergents are amphiphilic molecules that serve as enabling steps for today's world applications. The increasing diversity of the detergentome is key to applications enabled by detergent science. Regardless of the application, the optimal design of detergents is determined empirically, which leads to failed preparations, and raising costs. To facilitate project planning, here we review synthesis strategies that drive the diversification of the detergentome. Synthesis strategies relevant for industrial and academic applications include linear, modular, combinatorial, bio-based, and metric-assisted detergent synthesis. Scopes and limitations of individual synthesis strategies in context with industrial product development and academic research are discussed. Furthermore, when designing detergents, the selection of molecular building blocks, i. e., head, linker, tail, is as important as the employed synthesis strategy. To facilitate the design of safe-to-use and tailor-made detergents, we provide an overview of established head, linker, and tail groups and highlight selected scopes and limitations for applications. It becomes apparent that most recent contributions to the increasing chemical diversity of detergent building blocks originate from the development of detergents for membrane protein studies. The overview of synthesis strategies and molecular blocks will bring us closer to the ability to predictably design and synthesize optimal detergents for challenging future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Wycisk
- TU Dortmund University, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Marc-Christian Wagner
- TU Dortmund University, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Leonhard H Urner
- TU Dortmund University, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
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3
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Luo W, Yang M, Zhao Y, Wang H, Yang X, Zhang W, Zhao F, Zhao S, Tao H. Transition-Linker Containing Detergents for Membrane Protein Studies. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202242. [PMID: 36053145 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
It is a pressing need, but still challenging to explore the structure and function of membrane proteins (MPs). One of the main obstacles is the limited availability of matched detergents for the handling of specific MPs. We describe herein the design of new detergents by incorporation of a transition linker between the hydrophilic head and the hydrophobic tail. This design allows a gradual change of hydrophobicity between the outside and inside of micelles, in contrast to the abrupt switch in conventional detergents. Notably, many of these detergents assembled into micelles in while retaining low critical micelle concentrations. Meanwhile, thermal stabilizing evaluation identified superior detergents for representative MPs, including G protein-coupled receptors and a transporter protein. Among them, further improved the NMR study of MPs. We anticipate these that results will encourage future detergent expansion through new remodeling on the traditional detergent scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiling Luo
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 201203, Shanghai, P. R. China.,iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, P. R. China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Meifang Yang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 201203, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yitian Zhao
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 201203, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Huixia Wang
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodi Yang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 201203, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University, 050024, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
| | - Fei Zhao
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Suwen Zhao
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, P. R. China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Houchao Tao
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 201203, Shanghai, P. R. China
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4
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Yang M, Luo W, Zhang W, Wang H, Xue D, Wu Y, Zhao S, Zhao F, Zheng X, Tao H. Ugi Reaction Mediated Detergent Assembly for Membrane Protein Studies. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200372. [PMID: 35575910 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite the continuous efforts, the current repertoire of detergents is still far from sufficient for the biophysics studies of membrane proteins (MPs). Toward the rapid expansion of detergent diversity, we herein report a new strategy based on Ugi reaction mediated modular assembly. Structural varieties, including hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic heads, could be conveniently introduced from the multiple reaction components. New detergents then were comprehensively evaluated in the physical properties and preliminarily screened by the thermal stabilization for a transporter MsbA and a spectrum of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). For the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R), a class B GPCR, detergent M-23-M finally stood out in a second evaluation for the maintenance of homogeneity and was further illustrated its application in the improvement of NMR study. Besides the promising utility in the MP study, the current results exhibit intriguing structural-physical relationship that would allow the guidance in the tuning of detergent properties in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meifang Yang
- University of South China, Department of Pharmacy, CHINA
| | - Weiling Luo
- ShanghaiTech University, iHuman Institute, CHINA
| | - Wei Zhang
- ShanghaiTech University, iHuman Institute, CHINA
| | - Huixia Wang
- ShanghaiTech University, iHuman Institute, CHINA
| | | | - Yiran Wu
- ShanghaiTech University, iHuman Institute, CHINA
| | - Suwen Zhao
- ShanghaiTech University, iHuman Institute, CHINA
| | - Fei Zhao
- ShanghaiTech University, iHuman Institute, 230 Haike Road, 201210, Shanghai, CHINA
| | - Xing Zheng
- University of South China, Department of Pharmacy, CHINA
| | - Houchao Tao
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Room 2421, Building 2, 1200 Cailun Road, 230032, Shanghai, CHINA
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5
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6
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Feroz H, Cetnar D, Hewlett R, Sharma S, Holstein M, Ghose S, Li ZJ. Surrogate model to screen for inactivation-based clearance of enveloped viruses during biotherapeutics process development. Biotechnol J 2021; 16:e2100176. [PMID: 34506679 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202100176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Viral surrogates to screen for virus inactivation (VI) can be a faster, cheaper and safer alternative to third-party testing of pathogenic BSL2 (Biosafety level 2) model viruses. Although the bacteriophage surrogate, Ø6, has been used to assess low pH BSL2 VI, it has not been used for evaluation of detergent-mediated VI. Furthermore, Ø6 is typically assayed through host cell infectivity which introduces the risk of cross-contaminating other cell lines in the facility. To circumvent contamination, we developed an in-house RT-qPCR (Reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction) assay for selective detection of active Ø6 from a population of live and dead phage. The RT-qPCR assay was used to evaluate Ø6 inactivation in cell culture fluid of monoclonal antibody and fusion protein. Complementary Ø6 infectivity was also conducted at a third-party testing facility. The Ø6 RT-qPCR and infectivity data was modeled against VI of three BSL2 viruses, X- MuLV, A- MuLV and HSV-1 in corresponding therapeutics. Both Ø6 methods demonstrate that any VI agent showing Ø6 clearance of a minimum of 2.5 logs would demonstrate complete BSL2 VI of ≥ 4.0 logs. Compared to BSL2 virus testing, this in-house Ø6 RT-qPCR tool can screen VI agents at 5% the cost and a turnaround time of 2 to 3 days vs. 4 to 7 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasin Feroz
- Biologics Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Devens, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel Cetnar
- Biologics Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Devens, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert Hewlett
- Biologics Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Devens, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Satish Sharma
- Biologics Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Devens, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Melissa Holstein
- Biologics Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Devens, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sanchayita Ghose
- Biologics Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Devens, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zheng Jian Li
- Biologics Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, Devens, Massachusetts, USA
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7
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Deshpande CN, Azucenas CR, Qiao B, Nomura N, Xin V, Font J, Iwata S, Ganz T, Nemeth E, Mackenzie B, Jormakka M. Isolation and thermal stabilization of mouse ferroportin. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 11:26-34. [PMID: 33190422 PMCID: PMC7780100 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroportin (Fpn) is an essential mammalian iron transporter that is negatively regulated by the hormone hepcidin. Our current molecular understanding of Fpn‐mediated iron efflux and regulation is limited due to a lack of biochemical, biophysical and high‐resolution structural studies. A critical step towards understanding the transport mechanism of Fpn is to obtain sufficient quantities of pure and stable protein for downstream studies. As such, we detail here an expression and purification protocol for mouse Fpn yielding milligram quantities of pure protein. We have generated deletion constructs exhibiting enhanced thermal stability and which retained iron‐transport activity and hepcidin responsiveness, providing a platform for further biophysical studies of Fpn.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Corbin R Azucenas
- Department of Pharmacology & Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH.,Medical Sciences Baccalaureate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH, USA
| | - Bo Qiao
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Norimichi Nomura
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Vicky Xin
- Structural Biology Program, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Josep Font
- Structural Biology Program, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - So Iwata
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Tomas Ganz
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeta Nemeth
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bryan Mackenzie
- Medical Sciences Baccalaureate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH, USA.,Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mika Jormakka
- Structural Biology Program, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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8
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Hossain MA, Siddiki SMAH, Elias M, Rahman MM, Jamil MAR. Highly β-Selective Glycosylation Reactions for the Synthesis of ω-Functionalized Alkyl β-Maltoside as a Co-crystallizing Detergent. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428020100231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Das M, Du Y, Mortensen JS, Ramos M, Ghani L, Lee HJ, Bae HE, Byrne B, Guan L, Loland CJ, Kobilka BK, Chae PS. Trehalose-cored amphiphiles for membrane protein stabilization: importance of the detergent micelle size in GPCR stability. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:3249-3257. [PMID: 30843907 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob03153c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite their importance in biology and medicinal chemistry, structural and functional studies of membrane proteins present major challenges. To study diverse membrane proteins, it is crucial to have the correct detergent to efficiently extract and stabilize the proteins from the native membranes for biochemical/biophysical downstream analyses. But many membrane proteins, particularly eukaryotic ones, are recalcitrant to stabilization and/or crystallization with currently available detergents and thus there are major efforts to develop novel detergents with enhanced properties. Here, a novel class of trehalose-cored amphiphiles are introduced, with multiple alkyl chains and carbohydrates projecting from the trehalose core unit are introduced. A few members displayed enhanced protein stabilization behavior compared to the benchmark conventional detergent, n-dodecyl-β-d-maltoside (DDM), for multiple tested membrane proteins: (i) a bacterial leucine transporter (LeuT), (ii) the R. capsulatus photosynthetic superassembly, and (iii) the human β2 adrenergic receptor (β2AR). Due to synthetic convenience and their favourable behaviors for a range of membrane proteins, these agents have potential for membrane protein research. In addition, the detergent property-efficacy relationship discussed here will guide future design of novel detergents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabendra Das
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 155-88, Korea.
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10
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Xue D, Xu T, Wang H, Wu M, Yuan Y, Wang W, Tan Q, Zhao F, Zhou F, Hu T, Jiang Z, Liu Z, Zhao S, Liu D, Wüthrich K, Tao H. Disulfide‐Containing Detergents (DCDs) for the Structural Biology of Membrane Proteins. Chemistry 2019; 25:11635-11640. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongxiang Xue
- iHuman Institute ShanghaiTech University Ren Building 393 Middle Huaxia Road Pudong New District Shanghai 201210 China
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences 555 Zuchongzhi Road Shanghai 201203 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences No. 19A, Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 China
- School of Life Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Tiandan Xu
- iHuman Institute ShanghaiTech University Ren Building 393 Middle Huaxia Road Pudong New District Shanghai 201210 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences No. 19A, Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 China
- School of Life Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200031 China
| | - Huixia Wang
- iHuman Institute ShanghaiTech University Ren Building 393 Middle Huaxia Road Pudong New District Shanghai 201210 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences No. 19A, Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 China
- School of Life Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200031 China
| | - Meng Wu
- iHuman Institute ShanghaiTech University Ren Building 393 Middle Huaxia Road Pudong New District Shanghai 201210 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences No. 19A, Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 China
- School of Life Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200031 China
| | - Ya Yuan
- iHuman Institute ShanghaiTech University Ren Building 393 Middle Huaxia Road Pudong New District Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Wei Wang
- Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center, for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430071 China
| | - Qiwen Tan
- iHuman Institute ShanghaiTech University Ren Building 393 Middle Huaxia Road Pudong New District Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Fei Zhao
- iHuman Institute ShanghaiTech University Ren Building 393 Middle Huaxia Road Pudong New District Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Fang Zhou
- iHuman Institute ShanghaiTech University Ren Building 393 Middle Huaxia Road Pudong New District Shanghai 201210 China
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences 555 Zuchongzhi Road Shanghai 201203 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences No. 19A, Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 China
- School of Life Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Tao Hu
- iHuman Institute ShanghaiTech University Ren Building 393 Middle Huaxia Road Pudong New District Shanghai 201210 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences No. 19A, Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 China
- School of Life Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200031 China
| | - Zhongxing Jiang
- Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center, for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430071 China
| | - Zhi‐Jie Liu
- iHuman Institute ShanghaiTech University Ren Building 393 Middle Huaxia Road Pudong New District Shanghai 201210 China
- School of Life Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Suwen Zhao
- iHuman Institute ShanghaiTech University Ren Building 393 Middle Huaxia Road Pudong New District Shanghai 201210 China
- School of Life Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Dongsheng Liu
- iHuman Institute ShanghaiTech University Ren Building 393 Middle Huaxia Road Pudong New District Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Kurt Wüthrich
- iHuman Institute ShanghaiTech University Ren Building 393 Middle Huaxia Road Pudong New District Shanghai 201210 China
- School of Life Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Houchao Tao
- iHuman Institute ShanghaiTech University Ren Building 393 Middle Huaxia Road Pudong New District Shanghai 201210 China
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11
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Ogawa S, Honda K, Tsubomura T, Totani K, Takahashi I, Hara S. Physicochemical characterization of 6-O-acyl trehalose fatty acid monoesters in desiccated system. Chem Phys Lipids 2018; 216:80-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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12
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Cho KH, Hariharan P, Mortensen JS, Du Y, Nielsen AK, Byrne B, Kobilka BK, Loland CJ, Guan L, Chae PS. Isomeric Detergent Comparison for Membrane Protein Stability: Importance of Inter-Alkyl-Chain Distance and Alkyl Chain Length. Chembiochem 2016; 17:2334-2339. [PMID: 27981750 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Membrane proteins encapsulated by detergent micelles are widely used for structural study. Because of their amphipathic property, detergents have the ability to maintain protein solubility and stability in an aqueous medium. However, conventional detergents have serious limitations in their scope and utility, particularly for eukaryotic membrane proteins and membrane protein complexes. Thus, a number of new agents have been devised; some have made significant contributions to membrane protein structural studies. However, few detergent design principles are available. In this study, we prepared meta and ortho isomers of the previously reported para-substituted xylene-linked maltoside amphiphiles (XMAs), along with alkyl chain-length variation. The isomeric XMAs were assessed with three membrane proteins, and the meta isomer with a C12 alkyl chain was most effective at maintaining solubility/stability of the membrane proteins. We propose that interplay between the hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) and alkyl chain length is of central importance for high detergent efficacy. In addition, differences in inter-alkyl-chain distance between the isomers influence the ability of the detergents to stabilise membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Ho Cho
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, 15588, Korea
| | - Parameswaran Hariharan
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Membrane Protein Research, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4thStreet MS 6551, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
| | - Jonas S Mortensen
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 18.6 Panum Institute, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yang Du
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, 157 Beckman Center, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Anne K Nielsen
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 18.6 Panum Institute, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bernadette Byrne
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Brian K Kobilka
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, 157 Beckman Center, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Claus J Loland
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 18.6 Panum Institute, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lan Guan
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Membrane Protein Research, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4thStreet MS 6551, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
| | - Pil Seok Chae
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, 15588, Korea
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13
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Jazayeri A, Andrews SP, Marshall FH. Structurally Enabled Discovery of Adenosine A 2A Receptor Antagonists. Chem Rev 2016; 117:21-37. [PMID: 27333206 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade there has been a revolution in the field of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) structural biology. Many years of innovative research from different areas have come together to fuel this significant change in the fortunes of this field, which for many years was characterized by the paucity of high-resolution structures. The determination to succeed has been in part due to the recognized importance of these proteins as drug targets, and although the pharmaceutical industry has been focusing on these receptors, it can be justifiably argued and demonstrated that many of the approved and commercially successful GPCR drugs can be significantly improved to increase efficacy and/or reduce undesired side effects. In addition, many validated targets in this class remain to be drugged. It is widely recognized that application of structure-based drug design approaches can help medicinal chemists a long way toward discovering better drugs. The achievement of structural biologists in providing high-resolution insight is beginning to transform drug discovery efforts, and there are a number of GPCR drugs that have been discovered by use of structural information that are in clinical development. This review aims to highlight the key developments that have brought success to GPCR structure resolution efforts and exemplify the practical application of structural information for the discovery of adenosine A2A receptor antagonists that have potential to treat multiple conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Jazayeri
- Heptares Therapeutics Limited , BioPark, Broadwater Road, Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire AL7 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen P Andrews
- Heptares Therapeutics Limited , BioPark, Broadwater Road, Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire AL7 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona H Marshall
- Heptares Therapeutics Limited , BioPark, Broadwater Road, Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire AL7 3AX, United Kingdom
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14
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Wang Z, Ye C, Zhang X, Wei Y. Cysteine residue is not essential for CPM protein thermal-stability assay. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:3683-91. [PMID: 25772562 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8587-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A popular thermal-stability assay developed especially for the study of membrane proteins uses a thiol-specific probe, 7-diethylamino-3-(4-maleimidophenyl)-4-methylcoumarin (CPM). The fluorescence emission of CPM surges when it forms a covalent bond with the side chain of a free Cys, which becomes more readily accessible upon protein thermal denaturation. Interestingly, the melting temperatures of membrane proteins determined using the CPM assay in literature are closely clustered in the temperature range 45-55 °C. A thorough understanding of the mechanism behind the observed signal change is critical for the accurate interpretation of the protein unfolding. Here we used two α-helical membrane proteins, AqpZ and AcrB, as model systems to investigate the nature of the fluorescence surge in the CPM assay. We found that the transition temperatures measured using circular-dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and the CPM assay were significantly different. To eliminate potential artifact that might arise from the presence of detergent, we monitored the unfolding of two soluble proteins. We found that, contrary to current understanding, the presence of a sulfhydryl group was not a prerequisite for the CPM thermal-stability assay. The observed fluorescence increase is probably caused by binding of the fluorophore to hydrophobic patches exposed upon protein unfolding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoshuai Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, 305 Chemistry-Physics Building, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
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15
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Methodological advances: the unsung heroes of the GPCR structural revolution. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2015; 16:69-81. [DOI: 10.1038/nrm3933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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16
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Zhang X, Miller KW. Dodecyl maltopyranoside enabled purification of active human GABA type A receptors for deep and direct proteomic sequencing. Mol Cell Proteomics 2014; 14:724-38. [PMID: 25473089 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m114.042556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The challenge in high-quality membrane proteomics is all about sample preparation prior to HPLC, and the cell-to-protein step poses a long-standing bottleneck. Traditional protein extraction methods apply ionic or poly-disperse detergents, harsh denaturation, and repeated protein/peptide precipitation/resolubilization afterward, but suffer low yield, low reproducibility, and low sequence coverage. Contrary to attempts to subdue, we resolved this challenge by providing proteins nature-and-activity-promoting conditions throughout preparation. Using 285-kDa hetero-pentameric human GABA type A receptor overexpressed in HEK293 as a model, we describe a n-dodecyl-β-d-maltopyranoside/cholesteryl hemisuccinate (DDM/CHS)-based affinity purification method, that produced active receptors, supported protease activity, and allowed high performance with both in-gel and direct gel-free proteomic analyses-without detergent removal. Unlike conventional belief that detergents must be removed before HPLC MS, the high-purity low-dose nonionic detergent DDM did not interfere with peptides, and obviated removal or desalting. Sonication or dropwise addition of detergent robustly solubilized over 90% of membrane pellets. The purification conditions were comparable to those applied in successful crystallizations of most membrane proteins. These results enabled streamlined proteomics of human synaptic membrane proteins, and more importantly, allowed directly coupling proteomics with crystallography to characterize both static and dynamic structures of membrane proteins in crystallization pipelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- From the ‡Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, §Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Keith W Miller
- From the ‡Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, §Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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17
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Beecham MP, Clarkson GJ, Hall G, Marsh A. Nanostructures from self-assembling triazine tertiary amine N-oxide amphiphiles. Chemphyschem 2013; 14:3909-15. [PMID: 24203796 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201300775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A new set of amphiphilic tertiary amine N-oxides has been prepared and their self-assembly properties observed in aqueous solution by tensiometry, dynamic and static light scattering. X-ray crystallographic analysis of parent amines and sulfoxide congeners indicates the formation of hydrogen-bonded dimers as the primary assembly unit for formation of vesicles in preference to the compact micelles typical of lauryl dimethylamine N-oxide (LDAO). 6-Benzyloxy-N,N'-bis(5-diethylaminopentylamine oxide)[1,3,5]triazine-2,4-diamine forms a 1 μm vesicle observed to entrap fluorescein. The [1,3,5]triazine core thus allows variation of the new self-assembled structures from nano- to micrometre length scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Beecham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL (UK), Fax: (+44) 24 7652 4112
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18
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Detergent quantification in membrane protein samples and its application to crystallization experiments. Amino Acids 2013; 45:1293-302. [PMID: 24105076 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-013-1600-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The structural characterization of membrane proteins remains a challenging field, largely because the use of stabilizing detergents is required. Researchers must first select a suitable detergent for the solubility and stability of their protein during in vitro studies. In addition, an appropriate concentration of detergent in membrane protein samples can be essential for protein solubility, stability, and experimental success. For example, in membrane protein crystallography, detergent concentration in the crystallization drop can be a critical parameter influencing crystal growth. Over the past decade, multiple techniques have been developed for the measurement of detergent concentration using a wide variety of strategies. These methods include colorimetric reactions, which target specific detergent classes, and analytical techniques applicable to a wide variety of detergents. This review will summarize and discuss the available options. It will be a useful resource to those selecting a strategy that best fits their experimental requirements and available instruments.
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Kang HJ, Lee C, Drew D. Breaking the barriers in membrane protein crystallography. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:636-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2012.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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