1
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Alfei S. Cationic Materials for Gene Therapy: A Look Back to the Birth and Development of 2,2-Bis-(hydroxymethyl)Propanoic Acid-Based Dendrimer Scaffolds. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16006. [PMID: 37958989 PMCID: PMC10649874 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242116006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy is extensively studied as a realistic and promising therapeutic approach for treating inherited and acquired diseases by repairing defective genes through introducing (transfection) the "healthy" genetic material in the diseased cells. To succeed, the proper DNA or RNA fragments need efficient vectors, and viruses are endowed with excellent transfection efficiency and have been extensively exploited. Due to several drawbacks related to their use, nonviral cationic materials, including lipidic, polymeric, and dendrimer vectors capable of electrostatically interacting with anionic phosphate groups of genetic material, represent appealing alternative options to viral carriers. Particularly, dendrimers are highly branched, nanosized synthetic polymers characterized by a globular structure, low polydispersity index, presence of internal cavities, and a large number of peripheral functional groups exploitable to bind cationic moieties. Dendrimers are successful in several biomedical applications and are currently extensively studied for nonviral gene delivery. Among dendrimers, those derived by 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propanoic acid (b-HMPA), having, unlike PAMAMs, a neutral polyester-based scaffold, could be particularly good-looking due to their degradability in vivo. Here, an overview of gene therapy, its objectives and challenges, and the main cationic materials studied for transporting and delivering genetic materials have been reported. Subsequently, due to their high potential for application in vivo, we have focused on the biodegradable dendrimer scaffolds, telling the history of the birth and development of b-HMPA-derived dendrimers. Finally, thanks to a personal experience in the synthesis of b-HMPA-based dendrimers, our contribution to this field has been described. In particular, we have enriched this work by reporting about the b-HMPA-based derivatives peripherally functionalized with amino acids prepared by us in recent years, thus rendering this paper original and different from the existing reviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Alfei
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
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2
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Poellmann MJ, Javius-Jones K, Hopkins C, Lee JW, Hong S. Dendritic-Linear Copolymer and Dendron Lipid Nanoparticles for Drug and Gene Delivery. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:2008-2017. [PMID: 35512322 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Polymers constitute a diverse class of macromolecules that have demonstrated their unique advantages to be utilized for drug or gene delivery applications. In particular, polymers with a highly ordered, hyperbranched structure─"dendrons"─offer significant benefits to the design of such nanomedicines. The incorporation of dendrons into block copolymer micelles can endow various unique properties that are not typically observed from linear polymer counterparts. Specifically, the dendritic structure induces the conical shape of unimers that form micelles, thereby improving the thermodynamic stability and achieving a low critical micelle concentration (CMC). Furthermore, through a high density of highly ordered functional groups, dendrons can enhance gene complexation, drug loading, and stimuli-responsive behavior. In addition, outward-branching dendrons can support a high density of nonfouling polymers, such as poly(ethylene glycol), for serum stability and variable densities of multifunctional groups for multivalent cellular targeting and interactions. In this paper, we review the design considerations for dendron-lipid nanoparticles and dendron micelles formed from amphiphilic block copolymers intended for gene transfection and cancer drug delivery applications. These technologies are early in preclinical development and, as with other nanomedicines, face many obstacles on the way to clinical adoption. Nevertheless, the utility of dendron micelles for drug delivery remains relatively underexplored, and we believe there are significant and dramatic advancements to be made in tumor targeting with these platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Poellmann
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Kaila Javius-Jones
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Caroline Hopkins
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Jin Woong Lee
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Seungpyo Hong
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States.,Wisconsin Center for NanoBioSystems, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States.,Yonsei Frontier Lab and Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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3
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Wulf V, Slor G, Rathee P, Amir RJ, Bisker G. Dendron-Polymer Hybrids as Tailorable Responsive Coronae of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. ACS NANO 2021; 15:20539-20549. [PMID: 34878763 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c09125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Functional composite materials that can change their spectral properties in response to external stimuli have a plethora of applications in fields ranging from sensors to biomedical imaging. One of the most promising types of materials used to design spectrally active composites are fluorescent single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), noncovalently functionalized by synthetic amphiphilic polymers. These coated SWCNTs can exhibit modulations in their fluorescence spectra in response to interactions with target analytes. Hence, identifying new amphiphiles with interchangeable building blocks that can form individual coronae around the SWCNTs and can be tailored for a specific application is of great interest. This study presents highly modular amphiphilic polymer-dendron hybrids, composed of hydrophobic dendrons and hydrophilic polyethylene glycol (PEG) that can be synthesized with a high degree of structural freedom, for suspending SWCNTs in aqueous solution. Taking advantage of the high molecular precision of these PEG-dendrons, we show that precise differences in the chemical structure of the hydrophobic end groups of the dendrons can be used to control the interactions of the amphiphiles with the SWCNT surface. These interactions can be directly related to differences in the intrinsic near-infrared fluorescence emission of the various chiralities in a SWCNT sample. Utilizing the susceptibility of the PEG-dendrons toward enzymatic degradation, we demonstrate the ability to monitor enzymatic activity through changes in the SWCNT fluorescent signal. These findings pave the way for a rational design of functional SWCNTs, which can be used for optical sensing of enzymatic activity in the near-infrared spectral range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Wulf
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Gadi Slor
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
- The Center for Physics and Chemistry of Living Systems, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Parul Rathee
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
- The Center for Physics and Chemistry of Living Systems, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Roey J Amir
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
- The Center for Physics and Chemistry of Living Systems, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- ADAMA Center for Novel Delivery Systems in Crop Protection, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Gili Bisker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- The Center for Physics and Chemistry of Living Systems, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Center for Light Matter Interaction, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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4
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Slor G, Amir RJ. Using High Molecular Precision to Study Enzymatically Induced Disassembly of Polymeric Nanocarriers: Direct Enzymatic Activation or Equilibrium-Based Degradation? Macromolecules 2021; 54:1577-1588. [PMID: 33642615 PMCID: PMC7905880 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Enzyme-responsive polymers and their
assemblies offer great potential
to serve as key materials for the design of drug delivery systems
and other biomedical applications. However, the utilization of enzymes
to trigger the disassembly of polymeric amphiphiles, such as micelles,
also suffers from the limited accessibility of the enzyme to moieties
that are hidden inside the assembled structures. In this Perspective,
we will discuss examples for the utilization of high molecular precision
that dendritic structures offer to study the enzymatic degradation
of polymeric amphiphiles with high resolution. Up to date, several
different amphiphilic systems based on dendritic blocks have all shown
that small changes in the hydrophobicity and amphiphilicity strongly
affected the degree and rate of enzymatic degradation. The ability
to observe the huge effects due to relatively small variations in
the molecular structure of polymers can explain the limited enzymatic
degradation that is often observed for many reported polymeric assemblies.
The observed trends imply that the enzymes cannot reach the hydrophobic
core of the micelles, and instead, they gain access to the amphiphiles
by the unimer–micelle equilibrium, making the unimer exchange
rate a key parameter in tuning the enzymatic degradation rate. Several
approaches that are aimed at overcoming the stability–responsiveness
challenge are discussed as they open the way to the design of stable
and yet enzymatically responsive polymeric nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gadi Slor
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel.,Tel Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Roey J Amir
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel.,Tel Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel.,Blavatnik Center for Drug Discovery, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel.,ADAMA Center for Novel Delivery Systems in Crop Protection, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel.,The Center For Physics And Chemistry Of Living Systems, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
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5
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Segal M, Ozery L, Slor G, Wagle SS, Ehm T, Beck R, Amir RJ. Architectural Change of the Shell-Forming Block from Linear to V-Shaped Accelerates Micellar Disassembly, but Slows the Complete Enzymatic Degradation of the Amphiphiles. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:4076-4086. [PMID: 32833437 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tuning the enzymatic degradation and disassembly rates of polymeric amphiphiles and their assemblies is crucial for designing enzyme-responsive nanocarriers for controlled drug delivery applications. The common methods to control the enzymatic degradation of amphiphilic polymers are to tune the molecular weights and ratios of the hydrophilic and hydrophobic blocks. In addition to these approaches, the architecture of the hydrophilic block can also serve as a tool to tune enzymatic degradation and disassembly. To gain a deeper understanding of the effect of the molecular architecture of the hydrophilic block, we prepared two types of well-defined PEG-dendron amphiphiles bearing linear or V-shaped PEG chains as the hydrophilic blocks. The high molecular precision of these amphiphiles, which emerges from the utilization of dendrons as the hydrophobic blocks, allowed us to study the self-assembly and enzymatic degradation and disassembly of the two types of amphiphiles with high resolution. Interestingly, the micelles of the V-shaped amphiphiles were significantly smaller and disassembled faster than those of the amphiphiles based on linear PEG. However, the complete enzymatic cleavage of the hydrophobic end groups was significantly slower for the V-shaped amphiphiles. Our results show that the V-shaped architecture can stabilize the unimer state and, hence, plays a double role in the enzymatic degradation and the induced disassembly and how it can be utilized to control the release of encapsulated or bound molecular cargo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merav Segal
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel.,Tel Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Lihi Ozery
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel.,Tel Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Gadi Slor
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel.,Tel Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Shreyas Shankar Wagle
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel.,Tel Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Tamara Ehm
- Tel Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel.,School of Physics, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel.,Faculty of Physics and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Roy Beck
- Tel Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel.,School of Physics, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel.,The Center for Physics and Chemistry of Living Systems, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Roey J Amir
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel.,Tel Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel.,Blavatnik Center for Drug Discovery, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel.,ADAMA Center for Novel Delivery Systems in Crop Protection, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel.,The Center for Physics and Chemistry of Living Systems, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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6
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Mejlsøe S, Kakkar A. Telodendrimers: Promising Architectural Polymers for Drug Delivery. Molecules 2020; 25:E3995. [PMID: 32887285 PMCID: PMC7504730 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Architectural complexity has played a key role in enhancing the efficacy of nanocarriers for a variety of applications, including those in the biomedical field. With the continued evolution in designing macromolecules-based nanoparticles for drug delivery, the combination approach of using important features of linear polymers with dendrimers has offered an advantageous and viable platform. Such nanostructures, which are commonly referred to as telodendrimers, are hybrids of linear polymers covalently linked with different dendrimer generations and backbones. There is considerable variety in selection from widely studied linear polymers and dendrimers, which can help tune the overall composition of the resulting hybrid structures. This review highlights the advances in articulating syntheses of these macromolecules, and the contributions these are making in facilitating therapeutic administration. Limited progress has been made in the design and synthesis of these hybrid macromolecules, and it is through an understanding of their physicochemical properties and aqueous self-assembly that one can expect to fully exploit their potential in drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashok Kakkar
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada;
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7
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Sun H, Haque FM, Zhang Y, Commisso A, Mohamed MA, Tsianou M, Cui H, Grayson SM, Cheng C. Linear-Dendritic Alternating Copolymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:10572-10576. [PMID: 31141618 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201903402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Herein, the design, synthesis, and characterization of an unprecedented copolymer consisting of alternating linear and dendritic segments is described. First, a 4th-generation Hawker-type dendron with two azide groups was synthesized, followed by a step-growth azide-alkyne "click" reaction between the 4th-generation diazido dendron and poly(ethylene glycol) diacetylene to create the target polymers. Unequal reactivity of the functional groups was observed in the step-growth polymerization. The resulting copolymers, with alternating hydrophilic linear and hydrophobic dendritic segments, can spontaneously associate into a unique type of microphase-segregated nanorods in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Sun
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Farihah M Haque
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Alex Commisso
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Mohamed Alaa Mohamed
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Marina Tsianou
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Honggang Cui
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Scott M Grayson
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
| | - Chong Cheng
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
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8
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Sun H, Haque FM, Zhang Y, Commisso A, Mohamed MA, Tsianou M, Cui H, Grayson SM, Cheng C. Linear‐Dendritic Alternating Copolymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201903402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Sun
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University at Buffalo, The State University of New York Buffalo NY 14260 USA
| | - Farihah M. Haque
- Department of Chemistry Tulane University New Orleans LA 70118 USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University at Buffalo, The State University of New York Buffalo NY 14260 USA
| | - Alex Commisso
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University at Buffalo, The State University of New York Buffalo NY 14260 USA
| | - Mohamed Alaa Mohamed
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University at Buffalo, The State University of New York Buffalo NY 14260 USA
- Department of Chemistry Mansoura University Mansoura 35516 Egypt
| | - Marina Tsianou
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University at Buffalo, The State University of New York Buffalo NY 14260 USA
| | - Honggang Cui
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering The Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21218 USA
| | - Scott M. Grayson
- Department of Chemistry Tulane University New Orleans LA 70118 USA
| | - Chong Cheng
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University at Buffalo, The State University of New York Buffalo NY 14260 USA
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9
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Synthesis of block/graft copolymers based on vinyl benzyl chloride via reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization using the carboxylic acid functionalized Trithiocarbonate. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-019-1763-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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10
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Pal K, Elkodous MA, Mohan MLNM. CdS nanowires encapsulated liquid crystal in-plane switching of LCD device. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE: MATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS 2018; 29:10301-10310. [DOI: 10.1007/s10854-018-9083-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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11
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Slor G, Papo N, Hananel U, Amir RJ. Tuning the molecular weight of polymeric amphiphiles as a tool to access micelles with a wide range of enzymatic degradation rates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:6875-6878. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc02415d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tuning the molecular weight of polymeric amphiphiles allows access to polymeric micelles with extremely diverse enzymatic degradation and disassembly rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gadi Slor
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Faculty of Exact Sciences
- Tel-Aviv University
- Tel-Aviv 6997801
| | - Nitsan Papo
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Faculty of Exact Sciences
- Tel-Aviv University
- Tel-Aviv 6997801
| | - Uri Hananel
- Tel Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- Tel-Aviv University
- Tel-Aviv 6997801
- Israel
- Department of Physical Chemistry
| | - Roey J. Amir
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Faculty of Exact Sciences
- Tel-Aviv University
- Tel-Aviv 6997801
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12
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Wu X, Yang F, Liu Z, Li W, Gong D, Mu J. Periodically Grafted Linear-Hyperbranched Copolymers Based on Polyethylene and Polyglycidol: Importance of the Architecture on Properties. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201700249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuanhong Wu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering; Ningbo University; Ningbo 315211 P. R. China
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering; Ningbo University; Ningbo 315211 P. R. China
| | - Zhongsu Liu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering; Ningbo University; Ningbo 315211 P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering; Ningbo University; Ningbo 315211 P. R. China
| | - Dirong Gong
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering; Ningbo University; Ningbo 315211 P. R. China
| | - Jingshan Mu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering; Ningbo University; Ningbo 315211 P. R. China
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13
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Rosenbaum I, Avinery R, Harnoy AJ, Slor G, Tirosh E, Hananel U, Beck R, Amir RJ. Reversible Dimerization of Polymeric Amphiphiles Acts as a Molecular Switch of Enzymatic Degradability. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:3457-3468. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b01150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ido Rosenbaum
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Tel
Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Ram Avinery
- Tel
Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
- School
of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Assaf J. Harnoy
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Tel
Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Gadi Slor
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Tel
Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Einat Tirosh
- Tel
Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Uri Hananel
- Tel
Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Roy Beck
- Tel
Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
- School
of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Roey J. Amir
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Tel
Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
- BLAVATNIK
CENTER for Drug Discovery, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
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14
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Choi J, Moquin A, Bomal E, Na L, Maysinger D, Kakkar A. Telodendrimers for Physical Encapsulation and Covalent Linking of Individual or Combined Therapeutics. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:2607-2615. [PMID: 28520445 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
New therapeutics for glioblastoma multiforme and our ability to deliver them using efficient nanocarriers constitute topical areas of research. We report a comparative study of temozolomide and quercetin in the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM) in three-dimensions, and their incorporation into micelles obtained from synthetically articulated architectural copolymers, and a commercially available linear polymer poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PEG-PLGA). A versatile synthetic methodology to telodendrimers, which can be easily adapted to the needs of other therapeutic interventions, is presented. These dendritic block copolymers self-assemble into micelles and offer a platform for single or combination drug therapy. Telodendrimer micelles loaded with quercetin did not exhibit superior cell killing effect over the free drug, but acetazolamide, an inhibitor carbonic anhydrase IX, significantly reduced GBM cell viability in 3D spheroids. Results from these studies show that high loading of drugs into telodendrimer micelles requires a physical fit between the biologically active agent and telodendrimer nanocarrier, and points toward new possibilities for incorporation of chemotherapeutic and other agents to enhance their effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Choi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University , 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Alexandre Moquin
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University , 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Enzo Bomal
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Li Na
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Dusica Maysinger
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University , 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Ashok Kakkar
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8 Canada
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15
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Harnoy AJ, Buzhor M, Tirosh E, Shaharabani R, Beck R, Amir RJ. Modular Synthetic Approach for Adjusting the Disassembly Rates of Enzyme-Responsive Polymeric Micelles. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:1218-1228. [PMID: 28267318 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b01906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembled nanostructures and their stimuli-responsive degradation have been recently explored to meet the increasing need for advanced biocompatible and biodegradable materials for various biomedical applications. Incorporation of enzymes as triggers that can stimulate the degradation and disassembly of polymeric assemblies may be highly advantageous owing to their high selectivity and natural abundance in all living organisms. One of the key factors to consider when designing enzyme-responsive polymers is the ability to fine-tune the sensitivity of the platform toward its target enzyme in order to control the disassembly rate. In this work, a series of enzyme-responsive amphiphilic PEG-dendron hybrids with increasing number of hydrophobic cleavable end-groups was synthesized, characterized, and compared. These hybrids were shown to self-assemble in aqueous media into nanosized polymeric micelles, which could encapsulate small hydrophobic guests in their cores and release them upon enzymatic stimulus. Utilization of dendritic scaffolds as the responsive blocks granted ultimate control over the number of enzymatically cleavable end-groups. Remarkably, as we increased the number of end-groups, the micellar stability increased significantly and the range of enzymatic sensitivity spanned from highly responsive micelles to practically nondegradable ones. The reported results highlight the remarkable role of hydrophobicity in determining the micellar stability toward enzymatic degradation and its great sensitivity to small structural changes of the hydrophobic block, which govern the accessibility of the cleavable hydrophobic groups to the activating enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assaf J Harnoy
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, ‡Tel-Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, §Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, ∥School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Exact Sciences, and ⊥Blavatnik Center for Drug Discovery, Tel-Aviv University , Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Marina Buzhor
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, ‡Tel-Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, §Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, ∥School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Exact Sciences, and ⊥Blavatnik Center for Drug Discovery, Tel-Aviv University , Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Einat Tirosh
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, ‡Tel-Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, §Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, ∥School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Exact Sciences, and ⊥Blavatnik Center for Drug Discovery, Tel-Aviv University , Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Rona Shaharabani
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, ‡Tel-Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, §Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, ∥School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Exact Sciences, and ⊥Blavatnik Center for Drug Discovery, Tel-Aviv University , Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Roy Beck
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, ‡Tel-Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, §Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, ∥School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Exact Sciences, and ⊥Blavatnik Center for Drug Discovery, Tel-Aviv University , Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Roey J Amir
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, ‡Tel-Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, §Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, ∥School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Exact Sciences, and ⊥Blavatnik Center for Drug Discovery, Tel-Aviv University , Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
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16
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Segal M, Avinery R, Buzhor M, Shaharabani R, Harnoy AJ, Tirosh E, Beck R, Amir RJ. Molecular Precision and Enzymatic Degradation: From Readily to Undegradable Polymeric Micelles by Minor Structural Changes. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:803-810. [PMID: 27990807 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b10624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Studying the enzymatic degradation of synthetic polymers is crucial for the design of suitable materials for biomedical applications ranging from advanced drug delivery systems to tissue engineering. One of the key parameters that governs enzymatic activity is the limited accessibility of the enzyme to its substrates that may be collapsed inside hydrophobic domains. PEG-dendron amphiphiles can serve as powerful tools for the study of enzymatic hydrolysis of polymeric amphiphiles due to the monodispersity and symmetry of the hydrophobic dendritic block, which significantly simplifies kinetic analyses. Using these hybrids, we demonstrate how precise, minor changes in the hydrophobic block are manifested into tremendous changes in the stability of the assembled micelles toward enzymatic degradation. The obtained results emphasize the extreme sensitivity of self-assembly and its great importance in regulating the accessibility of enzymes to their substrates. Furthermore, the demonstration that the structural differences between readily degradable and undegradable micelles are rather minor, points to the critical roles that self-assembly and polydispersity play in designing biodegradable materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merav Segal
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University , Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel.,Tel-Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel-Aviv University , Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Ram Avinery
- Tel-Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel-Aviv University , Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel.,School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University , Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Marina Buzhor
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University , Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel.,Tel-Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel-Aviv University , Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Rona Shaharabani
- Tel-Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel-Aviv University , Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel.,Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University , Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Assaf J Harnoy
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University , Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel.,Tel-Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel-Aviv University , Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Einat Tirosh
- Tel-Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel-Aviv University , Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel.,Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University , Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Roy Beck
- Tel-Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel-Aviv University , Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel.,School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University , Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Roey J Amir
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University , Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel.,Tel-Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel-Aviv University , Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
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17
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Wang X, Shi C, Zhang L, Bodman A, Guo D, Wang L, Hall WA, Wilkens S, Luo J. Affinity-controlled protein encapsulation into sub-30 nm telodendrimer nanocarriers by multivalent and synergistic interactions. Biomaterials 2016; 101:258-71. [PMID: 27294543 PMCID: PMC4921341 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Novel nanocarriers are highly demanded for the delivery of heterogeneous protein therapeutics for disease treatments. Conventional nanoparticles for protein delivery are mostly based on the diffusion-limiting mechanisms, e.g., physical trapping and entanglement. We develop herein a novel linear-dendritic copolymer (named telodendrimer) nanocarrier for efficient protein delivery by affinitive coating. This affinity-controlled encapsulation strategy provides nanoformulations with a small particle size (<30 nm), superior loading capacity (>50% w/w) and maintained protein bioactivity. We integrate multivalent electrostatic and hydrophobic functionalities synergistically into the well-defined telodendrimer scaffold to fine-tune protein binding affinity and delivery properties. The ion strength and density of the charged groups as well as the structure of the hydrophobic segments are important and their combinations in telodendrimers are crucial for efficient protein encapsulation. We have conducted a series of studies to understand the mechanism and kinetic process of the protein loading and release, utilizing electrophoresis, isothermal titration calorimetry, Förster resonance energy transfer spectroscopy, bio-layer interferometry and computational methods. The optimized nanocarriers are able to deliver cell-impermeable therapeutic protein intracellularly to kill cancer cells efficiently. In vivo imaging studies revealed cargo proteins preferentially accumulate in subcutaneous tumors and retention of peptide therapeutics is improved in an orthotopic brain tumor, these properties are evidence of the improved pharmacokinetics and biodistributions of protein therapeutics delivered by telodendrimer nanoparticles. This study presents a bottom-up strategy to rationally design and fabricate versatile nanocarriers for encapsulation and delivery of proteins for numerous applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States
| | - Changying Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States; Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Alexa Bodman
- Department of Neurosurgery, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States
| | - Dandan Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States
| | - Walter A Hall
- Department of Neurosurgery, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States
| | - Stephan Wilkens
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States
| | - Juntao Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States; Upstate Cancer Center, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States.
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18
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Jeevanandam J, Chan YS, Danquah MK. Nano-formulations of drugs: Recent developments, impact and challenges. Biochimie 2016; 128-129:99-112. [PMID: 27436182 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nano-formulations of medicinal drugs have attracted the interest of many researchers for drug delivery applications. These nano-formulations enhance the properties of conventional drugs and are specific to the targeted delivery site. Dendrimers, polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, nano-emulsions and micelles are some of the nano-formulations that are gaining prominence in pharmaceutical industry for enhanced drug formulation. Wide varieties of synthesis methods are available for the preparation of nano-formulations to deliver drugs in biological system. The choice of synthesis methods depend on the size and shape of particulate formulation, biochemical properties of drug, and the targeted site. This article discusses recent developments in nano-formulation and the progressive impact on pharmaceutical research and industries. Additionally, process challenges relating to consistent generation of nano-formulations for drug delivery are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaison Jeevanandam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University, CDT 250, 98009, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Yen San Chan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University, CDT 250, 98009, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia.
| | - Michael K Danquah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University, CDT 250, 98009, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
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19
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Xu XM, Zhang Z, You YZ. Facile Synthesis of Temperature- and pH-responsive Dendritic–Linear–Dendritic Copolymer. CHEM LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.160215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Man Xu
- Key Lab of Soft Matter Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China
| | - Ze Zhang
- Key Lab of Soft Matter Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China
| | - Ye-Zi You
- Key Lab of Soft Matter Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China
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20
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Pan S, Mu B, Wu B, Shi Z, Chen D. Side-Chain Liquid Crystalline Polymers: Controlled Synthesis and Hierarchical Structure Characterization. LIQUID CRYSTALLINE POLYMERS 2016:131-172. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-22894-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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21
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Abstract
Dendritic molecules are an exciting research topic because of their highly branched architecture, multiple functional groups on the periphery, and very pertinent features for various applications. Self-assembling dendritic amphiphiles have produced different nanostructures with unique morphologies and properties. Since their self-assembly in water is greatly relevant for biomedical applications, researchers have been looking for a way to rationally design dendritic amphiphiles for the last few decades. We review here some recent developments from investigations on the self-assembly of dendritic amphiphiles into various nanostructures in water on the molecular level. The main content of the review is divided into sections according to the different nanostructure morphologies resulting from the dendritic amphiphiles' self-assembly. Finally, we conclude with some remarks that highlight the self-assembling features of these dendritic amphiphiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bala N S Thota
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Leonhard H Urner
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin 14195, Germany
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22
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Yu Q, Liu J, Chen D, Wang R. Self-assembly of linear-dendritic triblock copolymer dependent on variant generations. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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23
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Hameau A, Collière V, Glaria A, Caminade AM, Turrin CO. Thiophosphate/Phosphonate-Containing Cross-Linked PEGs and Their Use for the Stabilization of Silver Nanoparticles. HETEROATOM CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/hc.21260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Hameau
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS; BP 44099 205 route de Narbonne 31077 Toulouse cedex 4 France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT; F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
| | - Vincent Collière
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS; BP 44099 205 route de Narbonne 31077 Toulouse cedex 4 France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT; F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
| | - Arnaud Glaria
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS; BP 44099 205 route de Narbonne 31077 Toulouse cedex 4 France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT; F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
| | - Anne-Marie Caminade
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS; BP 44099 205 route de Narbonne 31077 Toulouse cedex 4 France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT; F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
| | - Cédric-Olivier Turrin
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS; BP 44099 205 route de Narbonne 31077 Toulouse cedex 4 France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT; F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
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24
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Gitsov I, Berlinova IV, Vladimirov NG. Synthesis and characterization of novel amphiphilic super-H copolymers with linear-dendritic architecture. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Gitsov
- Department of Chemistry; College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York; Syracuse New York 13210
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25
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Whitton G, Gillies ER. Functional aqueous assemblies of linear-dendron hybrids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Greg Whitton
- Department of Chemistry; The University of Western Ontario; 1151 Richmond Street London Ontario Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Elizabeth R. Gillies
- Department of Chemistry; The University of Western Ontario; 1151 Richmond Street London Ontario Canada N6A 5B7
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; The University of Western Ontario; 1151 Richmond Street London Ontario Canada N6A 5B9
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26
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Blasco E, Piñol M, Oriol L. Responsive linear-dendritic block copolymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2014; 35:1090-115. [PMID: 24706548 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201400007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The combination of dendritic and linear polymeric structures in the same macromolecule opens up new possibilities for the design of block copolymers and for applications of functional polymers that have self-assembly properties. There are three main strategies for the synthesis of linear-dendritic block copolymers (LDBCs) and, in particular, the emergence of click chemistry has made the coupling of preformed blocks one of the most efficient ways of obtaining libraries of LDBCs. In these materials, the periphery of the dendron can be precisely functionalised to obtain functional LDBCs with self-assembly properties of interest in different technological areas. The incorporation of stimuli-responsive moieties gives rise to smart materials that are generally processed as self-assemblies of amphiphilic LDBCs with a morphology that can be controlled by an external stimulus. Particular emphasis is placed on light-responsive LDBCs. Furthermore, a brief review of the biomedical or materials science applications of LDBCs is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Blasco
- Dpt. Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias - Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
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27
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Carlmark A, Malmström E, Malkoch M. Dendritic architectures based on bis-MPA: functional polymeric scaffolds for application-driven research. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 42:5858-79. [PMID: 23628841 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60101c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic polymers are highly branched, globular architectures with multiple representations of functional groups. These nanoscale organic frameworks continue to fascinate researchers worldwide and are today under intensive investigation in application-driven research. A large number of potential application areas have been suggested for dendritic polymers, including theranostics, biosensors, optics, adhesives and coatings. The transition from potential to real applications is strongly dictated by their commercial accessibility, scaffolding ability as well as biocompatibility. A dendritic family that fulfills these requirements is based on the 2,2-bismethylolpropionic acid (bis-MPA) monomer. This critical review is the first of its kind to cover most of the research activities generated on aliphatic polyester dendritic architectures based on bis-MPA. It is apparent that these scaffolds will continue to be in the forefront of cutting-edge research as their structural variations are endless including dendrons, dendrimers, hyperbranched polymers, dendritic-linear hybrids and their hybridization with inorganic surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Carlmark
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Fibre and Polymer Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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28
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Hed Y, Zhang Y, Andrén OCJ, Zeng X, Nyström AM, Malkoch M. Side-by-side comparison of dendritic-linear hybrids and their hyperbranched analogs as micellar carriers of chemotherapeutics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Hed
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology; School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology; Teknikringen 56-58 SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Yuning Zhang
- Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Enviromental Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; Nobels väg 15 Stockholm SE-171 77 Sweden
| | - Oliver C. J. Andrén
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology; School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology; Teknikringen 56-58 SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Xianghui Zeng
- Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Enviromental Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; Nobels väg 15 Stockholm SE-171 77 Sweden
| | - Andreas M. Nyström
- Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Enviromental Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; Nobels väg 15 Stockholm SE-171 77 Sweden
| | - Michael Malkoch
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology; School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology; Teknikringen 56-58 SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden
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29
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Hung CY, Hsieh SJ, Wang CC, Chen CY. Structural characterization and thermal behavior of dendritic-linear PGMA-HPAM-r-PS copolymers in a self-assembled microporous matrix. Polym Degrad Stab 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2013.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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30
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Matmour R, Gnanou Y. Synthesis of complex polymeric architectures using multilithiated carbanionic initiators—Comparison with other approaches. Prog Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2012.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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31
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Blasco E, Barrio JD, Sánchez-Somolinos C, Piñol M, Oriol L. Light induced molecular release from vesicles based on amphiphilic linear-dendritic block copolymers. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2py21025h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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Azobenzene-containing linear–dendritic block copolymers prepared by sequential ATRP and click chemistry. POLYMER 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2012.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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33
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Lin YL, Chang HY, Sheng YJ, Tsao HK. Photoresponsive Polymersomes Formed by Amphiphilic Linear–Dendritic Block Copolymers: Generation-Dependent Aggregation Behavior. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma301251s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Lung Lin
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106, R.O.C
| | - Hung-Yu Chang
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Jane Sheng
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106, R.O.C
| | - Heng-Kwong Tsao
- Department of Chemical
and Materials Engineering, Department of Physics, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan 320, R.O.C
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34
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Cai H, Jiang G, Shen Z, Fan X. Effects of Dendron Generation and Salt Concentration on Phase Structures of Dendritic–Linear Block Copolymers with a Semirigid Dendron Containing PEG Tails. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma300654j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Cai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences,
Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Guoliang Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences,
Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhihao Shen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences,
Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xinghe Fan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences,
Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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35
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Shau SM, Chang CC, Lo CH, Chen YC, Juang TY, Dai SA, Lee RH, Jeng RJ. Organic/Metallic nanohybrids based on amphiphilic dumbbell-shaped dendrimers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2012; 4:1897-1908. [PMID: 22452447 DOI: 10.1021/am300499k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we synthesized a series of amphiphilic dumbbell-shaped dendrimers through the addition reactions of a hydrophilic poly(oxyalkylene) with hydrophobic dendrons based on 4-isocyanate-4'-(3,3-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-azetidine)diphenylmethane with different numbers of branching generations. The addition reaction of azetidine-2,4-diones of dendrons to amines of poly(oxyalkylene) was proceeded by stirring the reactants in dry tetrahydrofuran (THF) under nitrogen at 60 °C. In aqueous media, the dumbbell-shaped dendrimers self-assembled into micelles with their hydrophobic dendrons in the core and their hydrophilic poly(oxyalkylene) segments forming loops in the corona shell. Employing the unique self-assembled micelle structures as templates for subsequent chemical reduction of the Ag(+) ions, we generated new types of organic/metallic [silver nanoparticle (AgNP)] nanohybrid clusters. The long poly(oxyalkylene) loops that extended into the aqueous phase complexed with the Ag(+) ions, providing the suspension with steric stabilization to prevent the AgNPs from collision and flocculation. After reduction, the AgNPs were present in a homogeneous distribution in the round dendrimer micelle-stabilized nanoclusters. The diameter of each AgNP was less than 10 nm; the diameter of each round nanocluster was in the range of 50-200 nm. The encapsulation efficiency of the AgNPs in micelles was about 54-69% for the dumbbell-shaped dendrimer based organic/AgNP nanohybrid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Min Shau
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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Barrière C, Latour V, Fau P, Caminade AM, Turrin CO. Low generation PEGylated phosphorus-containing dendrons with phosphonate anchors. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.01.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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37
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Rational design, syntheses, characterization and solution behavior of amphiphilic azobenzene-containing linear-dendritic block copolymers. POLYMER 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2011.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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38
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Yildiz U, Hazer B, Tauer K. Tailoring polymer architectures with macromonomer azoinitiators. Polym Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2py00513a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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39
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Tao W, Liu Y, Jiang B, Yu S, Huang W, Zhou Y, Yan D. A Linear-Hyperbranched Supramolecular Amphiphile and Its Self-Assembly into Vesicles with Great Ductility. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 134:762-4. [DOI: 10.1021/ja207924w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tao
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Yong Liu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Binbin Jiang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Songrui Yu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Yongfeng Zhou
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Deyue Yan
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
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40
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Soft tissue response to the presence of polypropylene-G-poly(ethylene glycol) comb-type graft copolymers containing gold nanoparticles. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011; 2011:956169. [PMID: 22235166 PMCID: PMC3253541 DOI: 10.1155/2011/956169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the soft tissue response of the pure and Au-embedded PPg-PEG. PP-g-PEG2000, PP-g-PEG4000, Au-PP-g-PEG2000, and AuPP-g-PEG4000 were obtained via chlorination of polypropylene and polyethylene glycol in the presence of a base with a “grafting onto” technique. Solvent cast films of these four copolymers with PP as a control group were embedded into five different rats. After 30 days of implantation, microscopic evaluation of inflammation and SEM analysis were done. PP had the most intense inflammatory reaction among the other polymers. PP-PEG block copolymers with high molecular weight and gold-nanoparticles-embedded ones revealed mild inflammatory reaction independently. SEM assessment revealed punched hole-like defects on the surface of all polymer samples except for PP. Graft copolymers with PEG, especially Au-attached ones, have favorable soft tissue response, and inflammatory reaction becomes milder as the number of PEG side chains increases.
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41
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Gitsov I, Simonyan A, Wang L, Krastanov A, Tanenbaum SW, Kiemle D. Polymer-assisted biocatalysis: Unprecedented enzymatic oxidation of fullerene in aqueous medium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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42
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Frechet JMJ, Gitsov I. Nanoscopic supermolecules with linear-dendritic architecture: Their preparation and their supramolecular behavior. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.19950980135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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43
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Cheng Y, Zhao L, Li Y, Xu T. Design of biocompatible dendrimers for cancer diagnosis and therapy: current status and future perspectives. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 40:2673-703. [PMID: 21286593 DOI: 10.1039/c0cs00097c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 358] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In the past decade, nanomedicine with its promise of improved therapy and diagnostics has revolutionized conventional health care and medical technology. Dendrimers and dendrimer-based therapeutics are outstanding candidates in this exciting field as more and more biological systems have benefited from these starburst molecules. Anticancer agents can be either encapsulated in or conjugated to dendrimer and be delivered to the tumour via enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect of the nanoparticle and/or with the help of a targeting moiety such as antibody, peptides, vitamins, and hormones. Imaging agents including MRI contrast agents, radionuclide probes, computed tomography contrast agents, and fluorescent dyes are combined with the multifunctional nanomedicine for targeted therapy with simultaneous cancer diagnosis. However, an important question reported with dendrimer-based therapeutics as well as other nanomedicines to date is the long-term viability and biocompatibility of the nanotherapeutics. This critical review focuses on the design of biocompatible dendrimers for cancer diagnosis and therapy. The biocompatibility aspects of dendrimers such as nanotoxicity, long-term circulation, and degradation are discussed. The construction of novel dendrimers with biocompatible components, and the surface modification of commercially available dendrimers by PEGylation, acetylation, glycosylation, and amino acid functionalization have been proposed as available strategies to solve the safety problem of dendrimer-based nanotherapeutics. Also, exciting opportunities and challenges on the development of dendrimer-based nanoplatforms for targeted cancer diagnosis and therapy are reviewed (404 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyun Cheng
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, People's Republic of China.
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44
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Rao VS, Samui AB. Photoactive liquid crystalline polymers: A comprehensive study of linear and hyperbranched polymers synthesized by A2
B2
, A2
B3
, A3
B2
, and A3
B3
approaches. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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45
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46
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Osano K, Force L, Turner SR. Synthesis and Properties of Linear Poly(ether sulfone)s with Hyperbranched Terminal Groups. Ind Eng Chem Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ie100236y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Osano
- Department of Chemistry, Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute (MII), Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060
| | - Lauren Force
- Department of Chemistry, Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute (MII), Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060
| | - S. Richard Turner
- Department of Chemistry, Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute (MII), Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060
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Hofmann AM, Wurm F, Hühn E, Nawroth T, Langguth P, Frey H. Hyperbranched Polyglycerol-Based Lipids via Oxyanionic Polymerization: Toward Multifunctional Stealth Liposomes. Biomacromolecules 2010; 11:568-74. [DOI: 10.1021/bm901123j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Hofmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Duesbergweg 10−14, Mainz, Germany, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Staudingerweg 5, Mainz, Germany
| | - Frederik Wurm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Duesbergweg 10−14, Mainz, Germany, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Staudingerweg 5, Mainz, Germany
| | - Eva Hühn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Duesbergweg 10−14, Mainz, Germany, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Staudingerweg 5, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Nawroth
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Duesbergweg 10−14, Mainz, Germany, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Staudingerweg 5, Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter Langguth
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Duesbergweg 10−14, Mainz, Germany, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Staudingerweg 5, Mainz, Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Duesbergweg 10−14, Mainz, Germany, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Staudingerweg 5, Mainz, Germany
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48
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Rosen BM, Wilson CJ, Wilson DA, Peterca M, Imam MR, Percec V. Dendron-Mediated Self-Assembly, Disassembly, and Self-Organization of Complex Systems. Chem Rev 2009; 109:6275-540. [DOI: 10.1021/cr900157q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1066] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brad M. Rosen
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323
| | - Christopher J. Wilson
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323
| | - Daniela A. Wilson
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323
| | - Mihai Peterca
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323
| | - Mohammad R. Imam
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323
| | - Virgil Percec
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323
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49
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Kalaycı ÖA, Cömert FB, Hazer B, Atalay T, Cavicchi KA, Cakmak M. Synthesis, characterization, and antibacterial activity of metal nanoparticles embedded into amphiphilic comb-type graft copolymers. Polym Bull (Berl) 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-009-0196-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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50
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Wurm F, Hilf S, Frey H. Electroactive Linear-Hyperbranched Block Copolymers Based on Linear Poly(ferrocenylsilane)s and Hyperbranched Poly(carbosilane)s. Chemistry 2009; 15:9068-77. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200900666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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