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Flores JR, Castruita-De León G, Turlakov G, Arias E, Moggio I, Montemayor SM, Torres R, Ledezma R, Ziolo RF, González-Torres J. Dual Emission of meso-Phenyleneethynylene-BODIPY Oligomers: Synthesis, Photophysics, and Theoretical Optoelectronic Study. Chemistry 2021; 27:2493-2505. [PMID: 33119951 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Two series of 2,5-di(butoxy)phenyleneethynylenes, one halogenated (nPEC4-X; n=2, 3, or 4) and the other boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) terminated (nPEC4-By; n=3, 4, or 5; By=BODIPY), were synthesized monodirectionally by the step-by-step approach and the molecular structure was corroborated by NMR spectroscopy (1 H, 13 C-DEPTQ-135, COSY, HSQC, HMBC, 11 B, 19 F) and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The multiplicity and J-coupling constants of 1 H, 11 B, and 19 F/11 B NMR signals revealed, in the nPEC4-By series, that the phenyl in the meso position of BODIPY becomes electronically part of the conjugation of the phenyleneethynylene chain, whereas BODIPY is electronically isolated. The photophysical, electrochemical, and theoretical studies confirm this finding because the properties of nPEC4-By are comparable to those of the nPEC4-X oligomers and BODIPY, indicating negligible electron communication between BODIPY and the nPEC4 moieties. Nevertheless, energy transfer (ET) from nPEC4 to BODIPY was rationalized by spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. Its yield decreases with the nPEC4 conjugation length, according to the increase in distance between the two chromophores, resulting in dual emission for the longest oligomer in which ET is quenched.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Reyes Flores
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Blvd. Enrique Reyna Hermosillo 140, 25294, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Griselda Castruita-De León
- CONACYT-Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Blvd. Enrique Reyna Hermosillo 140, 25294, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Gleb Turlakov
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Blvd. Enrique Reyna Hermosillo 140, 25294, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Arias
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Blvd. Enrique Reyna Hermosillo 140, 25294, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Ivana Moggio
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Blvd. Enrique Reyna Hermosillo 140, 25294, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Sagrario M Montemayor
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Blvd. Enrique Reyna Hermosillo 140, 25294, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Román Torres
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Blvd. Enrique Reyna Hermosillo 140, 25294, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Raquel Ledezma
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Blvd. Enrique Reyna Hermosillo 140, 25294, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Ronald F Ziolo
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Blvd. Enrique Reyna Hermosillo 140, 25294, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Julio González-Torres
- Área de Física Atómica Molecular Aplicada (FAMA), Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Azcapotzalco CBI, Av. San Pablo 180, Col. Reynosa Tamaulipas, CD de México, C.P., 02200, Mexico
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2
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Wang J, Kim G, Sandoval-Salinas ME, Phan H, Gopalakrishna TY, Lu X, Casanova D, Kim D, Wu J. Stable 2D anti-ferromagnetically coupled fluorenyl radical dendrons. Chem Sci 2018; 9:3395-3400. [PMID: 29780470 PMCID: PMC5933225 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc05493a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The first class of stable two-dimensional anti-ferromagnetically coupled dendritic polyradicaloids was synthesized, which show polyradical character and unique properties.
We report the first class of stable, two-dimensional (2D) anti-ferromagnetically coupled dendritic polyradicaloids. A kinetically blocked fluorenyl radical was used to build up the first and second generation dendrons FR-G1 and FR-G2 containing three and seven fluorenyl units, respectively. The neighboring fluorenyl radicals in FR-G1 and FR-G2 show moderate anti-ferromagnetic exchange interaction, resulting in a doublet and quartet ground state, respectively, with a small doublet–quartet energy gap. From FR-G1 to FR-G2, the energy gap decreased and the two-photon absorption was enhanced owing to more extended 2D π-conjugation. Both compounds showed multiple redox waves due to their polyradical character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , 117543 , Singapore .
| | - Gakhyun Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Korea .
| | - María Eugenia Sandoval-Salinas
- Kimika Fakultatea , Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea , Donostia International Physics Center , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal, 4, 20018, Euskadi , Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain . .,Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física , Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB) , Universitat de, Barcelona , Martí i Franquès 1-11 , Barcelona 08028 , Spain
| | - Hoa Phan
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , 117543 , Singapore .
| | | | - Xuefeng Lu
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , 117543 , Singapore .
| | - David Casanova
- Kimika Fakultatea , Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea , Donostia International Physics Center , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal, 4, 20018, Euskadi , Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain .
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Korea .
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , 117543 , Singapore .
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Abstract
Small molecules have extensive untapped potential to benefit society, but access to this potential is too often restricted by limitations inherent to the customized approach currently used to synthesize this class of chemical matter. In contrast, the "building block approach", i.e., generalized iterative assembly of interchangeable parts, has now proven to be a highly efficient and flexible way to construct things ranging all the way from skyscrapers to macromolecules to artificial intelligence algorithms. The structural redundancy found in many small molecules suggests that they possess a similar capacity for generalized building block-based construction. It is also encouraging that many customized iterative synthesis methods have been developed that improve access to specific classes of small molecules. There has also been substantial recent progress toward the iterative assembly of many different types of small molecules, including complex natural products, pharmaceuticals, biological probes, and materials, using common building blocks and coupling chemistry. Collectively, these advances suggest that a generalized building block approach for small molecule synthesis may be within reach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan W Lehmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Daniel J Blair
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Martin D Burke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA and Carle-Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
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4
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Pan S, Mu B, Wu B, Shi Z, Chen D. Side-Chain Liquid Crystalline Polymers: Controlled Synthesis and Hierarchical Structure Characterization. LIQUID CRYSTALLINE POLYMERS 2016:131-172. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-22894-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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5
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Matmour R, Gnanou Y. Synthesis of complex polymeric architectures using multilithiated carbanionic initiators—Comparison with other approaches. Prog Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2012.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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6
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Han XN, Chen JM, Huang ZT, Zheng QY. Synthesis of Cyclotriveratrylene-Phenylacetylene Derivatives and a Photophysical Investigation of Rigid Conjugated Cyclotriveratrylene Dendrimers. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201201024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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7
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Kozaki M, Morita S, Suzuki S, Okada K. Construction of Snowflake-Shaped Dendritic Covalent Assemblies with Rigid Conjugated Networks. J Org Chem 2012; 77:9447-57. [DOI: 10.1021/jo3014512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Kozaki
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585
Japan
| | - Shirou Morita
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585
Japan
| | - Shuichi Suzuki
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585
Japan
| | - Keiji Okada
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585
Japan
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Synthesis and characterization of new hyperbranched poly(ether ketones) with various number of phenylene units. J IND ENG CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2012.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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9
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Lee YG, Song JH, Lee EJ, Lee DH, Jung DI, Hahn JT. Synthesis of Poly(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate amide) and Poly(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate ester) Dendrimers from Polyphenols and Their Chemiluminescence. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2012. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2012.33.6.2051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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10
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Rengifo HR, Grigoras C, Dach BI, Li X, Turro NJ, Lee HJ, Wu WL, Koberstein JT. Solid Phase Synthesis of Polymacromer and Copolymacromer Brushes. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma3004168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hae-Jeong Lee
- Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg,
Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Wen-Li Wu
- Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg,
Maryland 20899, United States
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11
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Castruita G, García V, Arias E, Moggio I, Ziolo R, Ponce A, González V, Haley JE, Flikkema JL, Cooper T. Synthesis, optical and structural properties of sanidic liquid crystal (cholesteryl)benzoate-ethynylene oligomers and polymer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm14918d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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13
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Wang C, Zhong H, Li S, Shu W, Shen Y. Phenylacetylene Dendrimers Containing a Fluorene Core: Synthesis and Spectroscopic Studies. CHINESE J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201090134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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14
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Frey H, Kressler J, Richtering W, Mülhaupr R, Tomanek A. Makromolekulare Chemie 1995. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/nadc.19960440213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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15
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Jung DI, Song JH, Shin EH, Kim YY, Lee DH, Choi SK, Hahn JT. Synthesis of Poly(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate) dendrimers from Polyphenols and Their Chemiluminescence. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2010. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2010.31.04.1031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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16
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Castruita G, Arias E, Moggio I, Pérez F, Medellín D, Torres R, Ziolo R, Olivas A, Giorgetti E, Muniz-Miranda M. Synthesis, optical properties and supramolecular order of π-conjugated 2,5-di(alcoxy)phenyleneethynylene oligomers. J Mol Struct 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2009.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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17
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Wang JY, Han JM, Yan J, Ma Y, Pei J. A mechanically interlocked [3]rotaxane as a light-harvesting antenna: synthesis, characterization, and intramolecular energy transfer. Chemistry 2009; 15:3585-94. [PMID: 19222070 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200802228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A mechanically interlocked light-harvesting system [3]rotaxane A has been synthesized in high yield through Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition; the hexyl-substituted truxene units are introduced into the wheels as donors and an oligo(para-phenylenevinylene) (OPV) unit into the axis as the acceptor. The structure and the purity of [3]rotaxane A were confirmed by (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy and ESI HRMS. The azide-alkyne cycloaddition is demonstrated to be an efficient stoppering method in the synthesis of the rotaxane containing dibenzo[24]crown-8 and dibenzyl ammonium units. Detailed steady-state UV/Vis absorption, photoluminescent, and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy were performed to investigate the photophysical properties of [3]rotaxane A and its reference compounds in solution and as thin films. Even in dilute solution, efficient energy transfer from the truxene-functionalized wheels to the OPV-based axis, through the dibenzo[24]crown-8 and dibenzyl ammonium interaction, is observed in [3]rotaxane A. The unique topology of [3]rotaxane A not only efficiently promotes the intramolecular energy-transfer process, but also prevents intermolecular aggregation in the solid state. The new antenna system opens up the possibility of controllable light-harvesting molecular machines or other optoelectronic devices on the nanometer scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Yu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, The Key Laboratories of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, and Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, China
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18
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Heitman LH, Narlawar R, de Vries H, Willemsen MN, Wolfram D, Brussee J, Ijzerman AP. Substituted terphenyl compounds as the first class of low molecular weight allosteric inhibitors of the luteinizing hormone receptor. J Med Chem 2009; 52:2036-42. [PMID: 19296599 DOI: 10.1021/jm801561h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The luteinizing hormone (LH) receptor plays an important role in fertility and certain cancers. The endogenous ligands human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and LH bind to the large N terminal domain of the receptor. We recently reported on the first radiolabeled low molecular weight (LMW) agonist for this receptor, [(3)H]Org 43553, which was now used to screen for new LMW ligands. We identified a terphenyl derivative that inhibited [(3)H]Org 43553 binding to the receptor, which led us to synthesize a number of derivatives. The most potent compound of this terphenyl series, 24 (LUF5771), was able to increase the dissociation rate of [(3)H]Org 43553 by 3.3-fold (at 10 muM). In a functional assay, the presence of 24 resulted in a 2- to 3-fold lower potency of both Org 43553 and LH. Thus, the compounds presented in this paper are the first LMW ligands that allosterically inhibit the LH receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura H Heitman
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Today, corneal wounds are repaired using nylon sutures. Yet there are a number of complications associated with suturing the cornea, and thus there is interest in an adhesive to replace or supplement sutures in the repair of corneal wounds. We are designing and evaluating corneal adhesives prepared from dendrimers--single molecular weight and highly branched polymers. We have explored two strategies to form these ocular adhesives. The first involves a photocrosslinking reaction and the second uses a peptide ligation reaction to couple the individual dendrimers together to form the adhesive. These adhesives were successfully used to repair corneal perforations, close the flap produced in a LASIK procedure, and secure a corneal transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark W Grinstaff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Metcalf Center for Science and Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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20
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Grinstaff MW. Dendritic macromers for hydrogel formation: Tailored materials for ophthalmic, orthopedic, and biotech applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.22525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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21
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Kehat T, Goren K, Portnoy M. Dendrons on insoluble supports: synthesis and applications. NEW J CHEM 2007. [DOI: 10.1039/b617855n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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22
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Degoricija L, Carnahan MA, Johnson CS, Kim T, Grinstaff MW. Synthesis and Characterization of Bola-Type Amphiphilic Dendritic Macromolecules. Macromolecules 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ma062189q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lovorka Degoricija
- Departments of Chemistry and Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Metcalf Center for Science and Engineering, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Michael A. Carnahan
- Departments of Chemistry and Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Metcalf Center for Science and Engineering, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - C. Starck Johnson
- Departments of Chemistry and Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Metcalf Center for Science and Engineering, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Terry Kim
- Departments of Chemistry and Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Metcalf Center for Science and Engineering, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Mark W. Grinstaff
- Departments of Chemistry and Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Metcalf Center for Science and Engineering, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
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23
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Holmes BT, Pennington WT, Hanks TW. Efficient Synthesis of a Complete Donor/Acceptor bis(Aryl)diyne Family. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2006. [DOI: 10.1081/scc-120021834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian T. Holmes
- a Department of Chemistry , Hunter Chemistry Laboratories , Clemson University , Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - William T. Pennington
- a Department of Chemistry , Hunter Chemistry Laboratories , Clemson University , Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Timothy W. Hanks
- b Department of Chemistry , Furman University , Greenville, South Carolina, USA
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Wang JL, Luo J, Liu LH, Zhou QF, Ma Y, Pei J. Nanosized Gradient π-Conjugated Thienylethynylene Dendrimers for Light Harvesting: Synthesis and Properties. Org Lett 2006; 8:2281-4. [PMID: 16706506 DOI: 10.1021/ol0605427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] A family of pi-conjugated dendrimers based on truxene and thienylethynylene units are synthesized via a mixed divergent/convergent growth approach. These dendrimers possess an intrinsic energy gradient from the periphery to the core through branches and thus show a broad absorption in the UV-vis range and an efficient energy transfer to the lower-energy center. The molecules hence have the potential to be used as light harvesting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Liang Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering and the Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, China
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25
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Mülken O, Bierbaum V, Blumen A. Coherent exciton transport in dendrimers and continuous-time quantum walks. J Chem Phys 2006; 124:124905. [PMID: 16599723 DOI: 10.1063/1.2179427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We model coherent exciton transport in dendrimers by continuous-time quantum walks. For dendrimers up to the second generation the coherent transport shows perfect recurrences when the initial excitation starts at the central node. For larger dendrimers, the recurrence ceases to be perfect, a fact which resembles results for discrete quantum carpets. Moreover, depending on the initial excitation site, we find that the coherent transport to certain nodes of the dendrimer has a very low probability. When the initial excitation starts from the central node, the problem can be mapped onto a line which simplifies the computational effort. Furthermore, the long time average of the quantum mechanical transition probabilities between pairs of nodes shows characteristic patterns and allows us to classify the nodes into clusters with identical limiting probabilities. For the (space) average of the quantum mechanical probability to be still or to be again at the initial site, we obtain, based on the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality, a simple lower bound which depends only on the eigenvalue spectrum of the Hamiltonian.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Mülken
- Theoretische Polymerphysik, Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
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26
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Nishimura Y, Kamada M, Ikegami M, Nagahata R, Arai T. The relaxation dynamics of the excited state of stilbene dendrimers substituted with phenylacetylene groups. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2005.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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27
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Acosta EJ, Gonzalez SO, Simanek EE. Synthesis, characterization, and application of melamine-based dendrimers supported on silica gel. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.20493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Liao LX, Stellacci F, McGrath DV. Photoswitchable flexible and shape-persistent dendrimers: comparison of the interplay between a photochromic azobenzene core and dendrimer structure. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:2181-5. [PMID: 14971953 DOI: 10.1021/ja036418p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two analogous classes of dendrimers with a single azobenzene moiety at the core have been prepared. Flexible benzyl aryl ether dendrimers 1a-e were obtained in good yields by direct alkylation of diphenolic azobenzene 3 with benzyl aryl ether dendrons [G-n]-Br (n = 0-4). In rigid dendrimers 2a-e, the azobenzene configurational switch was linked to phenylacetylene dendrons through acetylenic linkages to maintain the shape-persistent nature of these dendrimers. A comparison of these two different classes of dendrimers with azobenzene cores reveals a difference in the properties of the photochromic moiety upon dendritic incorporation as well as a significant difference in the photomodulation of dendrimer properties. The E --> Z photoisomerization quantum yield decreased markedly with increasing generation for dendrimers 1a-e but only slightly for dendrimers 2a-e. However, increasing generation did not significantly alter thermal isomerization kinetics or activation barriers. The hydrodynamic volumes of azobenzene-containing dendrimers 2b-e were significantly modulated when the azobenzene unit is subjected to irradiation, while those of dendrimers 1b-e were only slightly affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xin Liao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
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30
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Dahan A, Portnoy M. Dendrons and dendritic catalysts immobilized on solid support: Synthesis and dendritic effects in catalysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.20524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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31
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Arias-Marin E, Le Moigne J, Maillou T, Guillon D, Moggio I, Geffroy B. Amphiphilic Phenyl−Ethynylene Polymers and Copolymers. Synthesis, Characterization, and Optical Emission Properties. Macromolecules 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ma020121e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Arias-Marin
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg, France, and LETI (CEA Technologies Avancées), DEIN/SPE, Groupe Composants Organiques, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - J. Le Moigne
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg, France, and LETI (CEA Technologies Avancées), DEIN/SPE, Groupe Composants Organiques, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - T. Maillou
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg, France, and LETI (CEA Technologies Avancées), DEIN/SPE, Groupe Composants Organiques, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - D. Guillon
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg, France, and LETI (CEA Technologies Avancées), DEIN/SPE, Groupe Composants Organiques, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - I. Moggio
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg, France, and LETI (CEA Technologies Avancées), DEIN/SPE, Groupe Composants Organiques, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - B. Geffroy
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg, France, and LETI (CEA Technologies Avancées), DEIN/SPE, Groupe Composants Organiques, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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32
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Synthesis of 1,5-naphthylethynyl nanostructure networks with extended π-conjugation. Effective heterocoupling catalyzed by palladium under a compatible CO2 atmosphere. Tetrahedron Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(03)00344-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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33
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Abstract
We prepared a rigid, chiral polymer (1) from optically active hydrobenzoin-based subunits. Nonracemic monomer units 6 and 8 were prepared by asymmetric dihydroxylation (AD) methodology and polymerization was carried out under Sonagashira coupling conditions. Polymer 1 was obtained in good yield with a molecular weight M(n) = 5,100 (PDI = 2.3). Modeling suggests that polymer 1 could form a stable helical mainchain conformation in solution or the solid state. The chiroptical data of the polymer and a low-molecular weight model compound (9) are compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bieging
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0041, USA
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34
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Azobenzene-containing dendrimers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1874-5229(02)80003-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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35
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Grayson SM, Fréchet JM. Convergent dendrons and dendrimers: from synthesis to applications. Chem Rev 2001; 101:3819-68. [PMID: 11740922 DOI: 10.1021/cr990116h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1173] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S M Grayson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, USA
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36
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Abstract
An isomeric family of eighteen triisopropylsilyl-capped phenylene ethynylene pentamers (molecular formula C60H62Si2) has been prepared by using fast parallel synthesis, for organic electroluminescence. Each pentamer was grown on a polymer support of propylaminomethylated polystyrene by using a series of palladium-catalysed reactions between aryl iodides and alkynes. "Tea bag" technology was used to carry out several different reactions simultaneously in the same flask. Here I present the syntheses of the materials, compare their photoluminescence both in solution and in the solid state (amorphous thin films) and describe the incorporation of the most promising pentamer into organic electroluminescence devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Anderson
- Sharp Laboratories of Europe Ltd, Oxford, UK.
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37
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Chi C, Wu J, Wang X, Zhao X, Li J, Wang F. Redoxactive Phenylacetylene Monodendrons: Rapid Solid-Phase Synthesis and Their Electrochemical Properties. Macromolecules 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0018906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Jishan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Xianhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Ji Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Fosong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
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38
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Chi C, Wu J, Wang X, Zhao X, Li J, Wang F. A new solid-supported iterative divergent/convergent strategy for the synthesis of dendrimers. Tetrahedron Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(01)00058-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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39
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Kaneko T, Asano M, Yamamoto K, Aoki T. Polymerization of Phenylacetylene-Based Monodendrons and Structure of the Corresponding Polydendrons. Polym J 2001. [DOI: 10.1295/polymj.33.879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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40
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Vögtle F, Gestermann S, Kauffmann C, Ceroni P, Vicinelli V, Balzani V. Coordination of Co2+ Ions in the Interior of Poly(propylene amine) Dendrimers Containing Fluorescent Dansyl Units in the Periphery. J Am Chem Soc 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ja993745h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fritz Vögtle
- Contribution from the Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk Strasse 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany, and Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sven Gestermann
- Contribution from the Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk Strasse 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany, and Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Christopher Kauffmann
- Contribution from the Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk Strasse 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany, and Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Paola Ceroni
- Contribution from the Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk Strasse 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany, and Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Veronica Vicinelli
- Contribution from the Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk Strasse 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany, and Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Balzani
- Contribution from the Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk Strasse 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany, and Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
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41
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Wang F, Kon AB, Rauh RD. Synthesis of a Terminally Functionalized Bromothiophene Polyphenylene Dendrimer by a Divergent Method. Macromolecules 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ma000268a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- EIC Laboratories, Inc., 111 Downey Street, Norwood, Massachusetts 02062
| | - Allan B. Kon
- EIC Laboratories, Inc., 111 Downey Street, Norwood, Massachusetts 02062
| | - R. David Rauh
- EIC Laboratories, Inc., 111 Downey Street, Norwood, Massachusetts 02062
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42
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Bharathi P, Moore JS. Controlled Synthesis of Hyperbranched Polymers by Slow Monomer Addition to a Core. Macromolecules 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ma992027c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Bharathi
- Departments of Chemistry and Materials Science & Engineering and The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Jeffrey S. Moore
- Departments of Chemistry and Materials Science & Engineering and The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
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43
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Morikawa A, Ono K. Preparation of Poly(ether ether ketone) Dendrimers by the Divergen Method. Polym J 2000. [DOI: 10.1295/polymj.32.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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44
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Gorman C, Smith J. Effect of repeat unit flexibility on dendrimer conformation as studied by atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. POLYMER 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(99)00167-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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45
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Gorman CB, Smith JC, Hager MW, Parkhurst BL, Sierzputowska-Gracz H, Haney CA. Molecular Structure−Property Relationships for Electron-Transfer Rate Attenuation in Redox-Active Core Dendrimers. J Am Chem Soc 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ja990875h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B. Gorman
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Box 8204, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204
| | - Jennifer C. Smith
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Box 8204, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204
| | - Michael W. Hager
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Box 8204, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204
| | - Brandon L. Parkhurst
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Box 8204, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204
| | - Hanna Sierzputowska-Gracz
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Box 8204, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204
| | - Carol A. Haney
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Box 8204, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204
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46
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Yu CJ, Chong Y, Kayyem JF, Gozin M. Soluble Ferrocene Conjugates for Incorporation into Self-Assembled Monolayers. J Org Chem 1999; 64:2070-2079. [PMID: 11674302 DOI: 10.1021/jo982392m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of phenylethynyl oligomers (I-V) possessing a ferrocene and thiol at each termini have been synthesized. These oligomers have been designed to overcome the inherent insolubility of this class of complexes by substitution at the phenyl groups with methyl and propoxy substituents. Several new reactions for preparing arenethiol-protected compounds are described. Interestingly, the generation of an arenethiol anion during base- or fluoride-catalyzed deprotection has been characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. J. Yu
- Clinical Micro Sensors Inc., 101 Waverly Drive, Pasadena, California 91105
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47
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Morikawa A, Ono K. Preparation of Poly(ether ketone) Dendrons with Graded Structures. Macromolecules 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ma981206b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Morikawa
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, Ibaraki University, 4-12-1 Nakanarusawa, Hitachi, Ibaraki 316-8511, Japan
| | - Katsumichi Ono
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, Ibaraki University, 4-12-1 Nakanarusawa, Hitachi, Ibaraki 316-8511, Japan
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48
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Chow HF, Mong TKK, Nongrum MF, Wan CW. The synthesis and properties of novel functional dendritic molecules. Tetrahedron 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(98)00409-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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49
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TOUR JAMESM, REINERTH WILLIAMA, JONES LEROY, BURGIN TIMOTHYP, ZHOU CHONGWU, MULLER CJ, DESHPANDE MR, REED MARKA. Recent Advances in Molecular Scale Electronics. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1998. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09873.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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50
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Miravet JF, Fréchet JMJ. New Hyperbranched Poly(siloxysilanes): Variation of the Branching Pattern and End-Functionalization. Macromolecules 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ma971778g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan F. Miravet
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
| | - Jean M. J. Fréchet
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
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