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Hazawa M, Amemori S, Nishiyama Y, Iga Y, Iwashima Y, Kobayashi A, Nagatani H, Mizuno M, Takahashi K, Wong RW. A light-switching pyrene probe to detect phase-separated biomolecules. iScience 2021; 24:102865. [PMID: 34386728 PMCID: PMC8346672 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomolecules may undergo liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) to spatiotemporally compartmentalize and regulate diverse biological processes. Because the number of tools to directly probe LLPS is limited (ie. FRAP, FRET, fluorescence microscopy, fluorescence anisotropy, circular dichroism, etc.), the physicochemical traits of phase-separated condensates remain largely elusive. Here, we introduce a light-switching dipyrene probe (Pyr-A) that forms monomers in either hydrophobic or viscous environments, and intramolecular excimers in aqueous solutions. By exploiting their distinct fluorescence emission spectra, we used fluorescent microscopic imaging to study phase-separated condensates formed by in vitro protein droplets and membraneless intracellular organelles (centrosomes). Ratiometric measurement of excimer and monomer fluorescence intensities showed that protein droplets became hydrophobic and viscous as their size increased. Moreover, centrosomes became hydrophobic and viscous during maturation. Our results show that Pyr-A is a valuable tool to characterize LLPS and enhance our understanding of phase separation underlying biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaharu Hazawa
- Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Shogo Amemori
- Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
- NanoMaterials Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yoshio Nishiyama
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Iga
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yuki Iwashima
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Akiko Kobayashi
- Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Nagatani
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Motohiro Mizuno
- Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
- NanoMaterials Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kenji Takahashi
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Richard W. Wong
- Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
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2
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Jeevan AK, Gopidas KR. Self-Assembly and Photochemistry of a Pyrene-Methyl Viologen Supramolecular Fiber System. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:8539-8549. [PMID: 34313435 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c04417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the self-assembly of a donor-acceptor system into nanoscopic structures and the photo processes taking place within these structures. The donor employed is pyrene linked to two β-cyclodextrin molecules (CD-PY-CD), and adamantane-linked methyl viologen attached to the three arms of mesitylene (Ms-(MV2+-AD)3) is the acceptor. CD-PY-CD and Ms-(MV2+-AD)3 when dissolved in water self-assembled into vesicles, which joined together to give long fibers. The self-assembly was studied using spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. Fluorescence of the pyrene chromophore was quenched within the self-assembled system due to efficient photoinduced electron transfer to methyl viologen. Photoinduced electron transfer within the assembly is confirmed through identification of product radical ions in flash photolysis experiments. Steady-state irradiation of the self-assembled system in an optical bench led to the formation of methyl viologen radical cation, which was stable for a few hours. Longevity of the radical cation was attributed to the fast reaction of pyrene radical cation with adjacent pyrene to give an unstable adduct, which slows down the back electron transfer process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athira K Jeevan
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695 019, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 200 002, India
| | - Karical R Gopidas
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695 019, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 200 002, India
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3
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Jeevan AK, Gopidas KR. Photoinduced Electron Transfer in a Self-Assembled Bis(β-cyclodextrin)-Linked Pyrene/Bis(adamantane)-Linked Methyl Viologen Donor-Acceptor System in Aqueous Solution. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:4428-4437. [PMID: 33887907 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c00581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Pyrene linked to two β-CD (CD = cyclodextrin; PY = pyrene) molecules (CD-PY-CD) and methylviologen (MV2+) linked to two adamantane (AD) groups (AD-MV2+-AD) self-assembled in water to give toroidal nanostructures. Photoprocesses taking place in the femtosecond and nanosecond time ranges within the assembly are reported. Fluorescence of the pyrene chromophore was quenched in the toroid, suggesting very efficient electron transfer. Fast quenching of the pyrene fluorescence with a time constant of 6.85 ns was attributed to photoinduced electron transfer from pyrene to methyl viologen within the toroid assembly. Electron transfer leads to the formation of radical ion products, PY•+ and MV•+, which were identified in the nanosecond transient absorption spectra. Because of the close packing of chromophores, the radical ions undergo fast reactions with chromophores or similar ions in adjacent stacks to give dimeric products. Since the dimeric species are not very stable, the reactions are reversed at longer time scales to generate the radical ions, which then undergo back electron transfer and regenerate the starting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athira K Jeevan
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695 019, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 200 002, India
| | - Karical R Gopidas
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695 019, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 200 002, India
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4
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Jeevan AK, Krishnan SB, Gopidas KR. Structural Deformation to
β
‐Cyclodextrin Due to Strong π‐Stacking in the Self‐Assembly of Inclusion Complex. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202004488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Athira K. Jeevan
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology Thiruvananthapuram 695 019 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad - 200 002 India
| | - Sumesh B. Krishnan
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology Thiruvananthapuram 695 019 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad - 200 002 India
| | - Karical R. Gopidas
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology Thiruvananthapuram 695 019 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad - 200 002 India
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5
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Dual responsive cellulose microspheres with high solid-state fluorescence emission. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.124510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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6
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Nau M, Trosien S, Seelinger D, Boehm AK, Biesalski M. Spatially Resolved Crosslinking of Hydroxypropyl Cellulose Esters for the Generation of Functional Surface-Attached Organogels. Front Chem 2019; 7:367. [PMID: 31179272 PMCID: PMC6543898 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemistry, geometric shape and swelling behavior are the key parameters that determine any successful use of man-made polymeric networks (gels). While understanding of the swelling behavior of both water-swellable hydrogels and organogels that swell in organic solvents can be considered well-advanced with respect to fossil fuel-based polymer networks, the understanding, in particular, of wood-derived polymers in such a network architecture is still lacking. In this work, we focus on organogels derived from hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) ester. The latter polymer was functionalized with saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, respectively. Due to their tailored chemical constitution, we demonstrated that such polysaccharide can be crosslinked and simultaneously surface-bound by using a photo-induced radical reaction using a photo-initiator. Based on the choice of fatty acid used in the design of the HPC ester, and by controlling the degree of substitution (DS) obtained during the esterification of the polysaccharide, modular manipulation of the physical properties (e.g., polarity) of the resulting gel is possible. Depending on the initiator employed, different wavelengths of light, from UV to visible, can be utilized for the crosslinking reaction, which facilitates the deployment of a range of light sources and different lithographic methods. Additionally, we showed that altering of the illumination time allows to tailor the netpoint density, and thus, the degree of linear deformation in equilibrium and the swelling kinetics. Finally, we performed a proof-of-principle experiment to demonstrate the application of our material for the generation of spatially resolved polymer patches to enrich organic molecules from a solution within a microfluidic channel.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Markus Biesalski
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Chemistry and Paper Chemistry, Ernst-Berl Institute of Chemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
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Aggregation Enhanced Excimer Emission Supported, Monomeric Fluorescence Quenching of Dendritic Hyperbranched Polyglycerol Coupled 1-Pyrene Butyric Acid Lumophore as a Sensing Probe for Fe 2O 3 Nanoparticles. J Fluoresc 2019; 29:387-398. [PMID: 30758696 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-019-02347-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Pyrene butyric acid (PBA) is a well studied lumophore for its exciting fluorescent properties. The current study focussed on a dendritic modification of PBA with hyperbranched polyglycerols (HPG) by Steglich esterification and further doping with iron oxide nanoparticles (IONP) of α-Fe2O3 phase. The covalent coupling between HPG and PBA was confirmed by FTIR and 1H-NMR spectra. The main objective of the study was to monitor the fluorescent properties of the modified and doped products. Steady state PL emission studies showed a considerable decrease in fluorescence intensity on HPG modification which almost completely disappeared on doping with IONP. This suggests that this fluorosensing property can be explored in identification and estimation of iron oxide nanoparticles which has a great significance in biomedical field both in diagnostics and therapeutics. Lifetime measurements with TCSPC suggested an aggregation enhanced quenching of HPG-PBA conjugates and mixed static and dynamic mechanisms in IONP doped HPG-PBA conjugates. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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8
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Ning D, Liu Q, Wang Q, Du XM, Li Y, Ruan WJ. Pyrene-based MOFs as fluorescent sensors for PAHs: an energetic pathway of the backbone structure effect on response. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:5705-5712. [PMID: 30968928 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00492k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The sensing performance of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), a novel kind of crystalline fluorescent sensing materials, would be profoundly affected by their backbone structures. The current understanding about the backbone effect is limited to the modulation of analyte accommodation through pore structures. Herein, three topologically different pyrene-based MOFs, including NU-1000, NU-901 and ROD-7, were investigated as potential fluorescent sensors for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Although these MOFs are constructed by the same photoactive component, they exhibited distinct sensing behaviors. NU-1000 gave different forms of fluorescent response to acenaphthylene, pyrene and fluoranthene with detection limits at the ng L-1 level. In contrast, NU-901 and ROD-7 were unresponsive to all tested PAHs. Experimental and computational investigations illustrate that this distinction is due to the variance in the excited state energy. The strong inter-ligand interaction in NU-901 and ROD-7 lowers their excited state energy and thus thermodynamically inhibits the photo-induced electron transfer and excimer/exciplex formation, which works in the NU-1000 system. This work proves for the first time that the topological structure of MOFs could affect their sensing performance in an energetic way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Ning
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, No. 94 of Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China.
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9
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Li Y, Lin S, Hu J, Liu G, Zhang G, Tu Y, Luo H, Li W. Metal ion induced-assembly of amylose in aqueous solution. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 102:489-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.11.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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10
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Chen S, Duhamel J. Probing the hydrophobic interactions of a series of pyrene end-labeled poly(ethylene oxide)s in aqueous solution using time-resolved fluorescence. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:2821-2834. [PMID: 23305407 DOI: 10.1021/la304628d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The hydrophobic association of a series of poly(ethylene oxide)s covalently labeled at both ends with pyrene (PEO(X)-Py2 where X represents the number average molecular weight (Mn) of the PEO chains equal to 2, 5, 10, and 16.5 kDa) in aqueous solutions was investigated at different polymer concentrations (CP) using steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence measurements. Phase separation was observed with PEO(2 kDa)-Py2 and PEO(5 kDa)-Py2 samples at high CP. The steady-state fluorescence spectra showed that the ratios of excimer-to-monomer fluorescence intensities (IE/IM) of all PEO samples remained constant when CP was below 4 × 10(-5) M and decreased dramatically with increasing PEO chain length due to a decrease in intramolecular pyrene excimer formation. The IE/IM ratio in this regime was found to scale as Mn(-2.3±0.2). For CP > 4 × 10(-5) M, pyrene excimer is formed by both intra- and intermolecular interactions and the IE/IM ratio increases linearly with increasing CP except for PEO(2 kDa)-Py2 which undergoes phase separation. The decays obtained at various polymer concentrations were fitted according to a "sequential model" (SM) which assumes that the pyrene excimer is formed in a sequential manner. The molar fractions of all excited pyrene species and the rate constants for pyrene excimer formation were determined from the global analysis of the monomer and excimer fluorescence decays. The fraction of pyrenes that formed excimer from ground-state pyrene aggregates (fE0) was found to increase with CP in the regime where the pyrene excimer is formed both intra- and intermolecularly and decrease with Mn in the regime where the pyrene excimer is formed only intramolecularly. The fraction of pyrene pendants subject to hydrophobic interactions were used to determine the hydrophobic capture radius (Rc) of pyrene in water from the distribution of PEO end-to-end distances. Rc was found to equal 2.2 ± 0.2 nm using fE0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Chen
- Institute for Polymer Research, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
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11
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Polymers for enhanced oil recovery: A paradigm for structure–property relationship in aqueous solution. Prog Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2011.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 576] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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12
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Costa T, Sérgio Seixas de Melo J, Castro CS, Gago S, Pillinger M, Gonçalves IS. Picosecond Dynamics of Dimer Formation in a Pyrene Labeled Polymer. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:12439-47. [DOI: 10.1021/jp1020214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Telma Costa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal, and Department of Chemistry, CICECO, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - J. Sérgio Seixas de Melo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal, and Department of Chemistry, CICECO, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Catherine S. Castro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal, and Department of Chemistry, CICECO, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sandra Gago
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal, and Department of Chemistry, CICECO, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Martyn Pillinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal, and Department of Chemistry, CICECO, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Isabel S. Gonçalves
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal, and Department of Chemistry, CICECO, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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13
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Nichifor M, Stanciu MC, Simionescu BC. Fluorescence Study of Intermolecular Interactions in Diluted Aqueous Solutions of Some Cationic Amphiphilic Polysaccharides. J MACROMOL SCI B 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00222341003609807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marieta Nichifor
- a “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry , Aleea Grigore Ghica Voda , Iasi, Romania
| | | | - Bogdan C. Simionescu
- a “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry , Aleea Grigore Ghica Voda , Iasi, Romania
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14
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Mir MA, Dar AA, Amin A, Rather GM. Interaction of hydroxypropylcellulose with hexadecylbenzyldimethylammonium chloride in the absence and presence of hydrophobic salts. J Mol Liq 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2009.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Yildiz ÜH, Koynov K, Gröhn F. Fluorescent Nanoparticles through Self-Assembly of Linear Ionenes and Pyrenetetrasulfonate. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200900224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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16
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Danko M, Libiszowski J, Wolszczak M, Racko D, Duda A. Fluorescence study of the dynamics of a star-shaped poly(ɛ-caprolactone)s in THF: A comparison with a star-shaped poly(l-lactide)s. POLYMER 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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Yang Q, Shuai L, Zhou J, Lu F, Pan X. Functionalization of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes by Pyrene-Labeled Hydroxypropyl Cellulose. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:12934-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp805424f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Yang
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 460 Henry Mall, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Li Shuai
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 460 Henry Mall, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Jinjin Zhou
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 460 Henry Mall, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Fachuang Lu
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 460 Henry Mall, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Xuejun Pan
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 460 Henry Mall, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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18
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Njikang G, Gauthier M, Li J. Arborescent polystyrene-graft-poly(2-vinylpyridine) copolymers as unimolecular micelles: Solubilization studies. POLYMER 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2008.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Wang C, Wettig SD, Foldvari M, Verrall RE. Synthesis, characterization, and use of asymmetric pyrenyl-gemini surfactants as emissive components in DNA-lipoplex systems. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2007; 23:8995-9001. [PMID: 17637001 DOI: 10.1021/la0635911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Gemini surfactants are potential candidates as synthetic vectors for the delivery of genes into cells to induce protein expression. With the ultimate objective of obtaining a better understanding of the mechanism of DNA transfection, two new asymmetric gemini surfactants (py-3-12 and py-6-12) have been synthesized as fluorescence probes. The physicochemical properties and morphologies of the self-assembled aggregates formed in aqueous solution have been studied using surface tension, specific conductance, dynamic light scattering (DLS), isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), and fluorescence techniques. The interaction between pyrene-based gemini surfactants and DNA was investigated by using UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. Binding constants for the DNA (salmon sperm)-gemini lipoplexes were measured. Fluorescence studies show that excimer emission occurs upon complexation with DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanzhong Wang
- Central Equipment Laboratory, University of Northern British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada
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20
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Bernhardt S, Kastler M, Enkelmann V, Baumgarten M, Müllen K. Pyrene as chromophore and electrophore: encapsulation in a rigid polyphenylene shell. Chemistry 2007; 12:6117-28. [PMID: 16847838 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200500999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Starting from the fourfold ethynyl-substituted chromophore 1,3,6,8-tetraethynylpyrene as core, a series of polyphenylene dendrimers was prepared in high yield by combining divergent and convergent growth methods. The fluorescence quantum yields (Q(f)>0.92) of the encapsulated pyrene chromophore were independent of the size of the polyphenylene shell. Fluorescence quenching studies and temperature-dependent fluorescence spectroscopy were performed to investigate the site isolation of the core. They indicate that a second-generation dendrimer layer is needed to efficiently shield the encapsulated pyrene and prevent aggregate formation. Alkali-metal reduction of the encapsulated pyrene core was carried out to afford the corresponding pyrene radical anions, for which hampered electron transfer to the core was observed with increasing dendrimer generation, which is further proof of the site isolation due to the polyphenylene shell. To improve film formation and solubility of the material, solubilizing alkyl chains were introduced on the periphery of the spherical particles. Furthermore, highly transparent films obtained by a simple drop-casting method showed blue emission mainly from the unaggregated species. The materials presented herein combine high quantum efficiency, good solubility, and improved film-forming properties, which make them possible candidates for several applications in electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Bernhardt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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21
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Behanna HA, Rajangam K, Stupp SI. Modulation of Fluorescence through Coassembly of Molecules in Organic Nanostructures. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 129:321-7. [PMID: 17212411 DOI: 10.1021/ja062415b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the fluorescence of bimolecular coassemblies that form one-dimensional nanostructures. One molecule is a fluorescent peptide amphiphile containing its branched stilbene chromophore covalently linked to the hydrophilic end of the amphiphile, and the second molecule is a shorter, nonfluorescent peptide amphiphile of complementary charge. Using circular dichroism we observe that mixing both molecules results in coassemblies that exhibit a beta-sheet signature in the peptide region indicative of these types of nanostructures. The nature of the coassembly is dependent on the molar ratio of each component, and the changing CD spectra suggest the formation of domains along the length of the nanofibers with decreasing concentrations of the fluorescent component. In coassemblies with dilute concentrations of the fluorophore, we observe an increase in fluorescence intensity and quantum yield, as well as chiral transfer to the achiral segment of the fluorescent peptide amphiphile. The coassemblies studied containing a fluorescent component at a low molar ratio exhibit fluorescence resonance energy transfer to fluorescent acceptors in solution. When the nonfluorescent peptide amphiphile component is designed to bind the important bioactive polysaccharide heparin, a selective transfer of energy is observed between fluorescein-tagged heparin and the coassemblies in both dilute solution and in macroscopic gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather A Behanna
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3108, USA
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22
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Sierra CA, Lahti PM. A Simple Multichromophore Design for Energy Transfer in Distyrylbenzenes with Pyrene Pendants. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:12081-8. [PMID: 17078601 DOI: 10.1021/jp060543g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A set of Don --> Acc <-- Don multichromophores was synthesized based on a simple design with two pyrene donors (absorbing antennae) connected to a bis-1,4-(3,4,5-trimethoxystyryl)benzene core acceptor using various flexible, nonconjugated tethers. Excitation of the pyrene donors at 276 nm in solution yields near exclusive emission from the core chromophore at 445-450 nm, with energy transfer efficiencies up to 92%, far better than achieved with simple mixtures. The simple tethering design imposes a high "local" concentration of the pyrene near the acceptor core unit that is maintained even at very low multichromophore concentrations. Solvent effects on absorption and emission spectra are very small, except in cases where a pi-conjugating O-C=O moiety of the tethering group is directly attached to the core chromophore, rather than being placed in the middle of the tether. Energy transfer in the systems is effective due to good donor-acceptor energy matching. The optimal energy transfer efficiency was achieved using an eight-atom flexible linker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar A Sierra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
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Costa T, Miguel MG, Lindman B, Schillén K, Lima JC, Seixas de Melo J. Self-Assembly of a Hydrophobically Modified Naphthalene-Labeled Poly(acrylic acid) Polyelectrolyte in Water:Organic Solvent Mixtures Followed by Steady-State and Time-Resolved Fluorescence. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:3243-51. [PMID: 16851348 DOI: 10.1021/jp046589w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The solution properties of two water-soluble polymers, poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), covalently labeled with the fluorescent hydrophobic dye naphthalene (Np), have been investigated in water:organic solvent mixtures. The naphthalene chromophores have been randomly attached, onto the polymer, with two different degrees of labeling. Fluorescence measurements (steady-state and time-resolved) have been used to follow the photophysical behavior of the polymers and consequently report on the self-association of the polymers in the mixed organic (methanol or dioxane):aqueous solutions. The emission spectra of the high-labeled Np PAA reveal the presence of monomer and excimer bands whereas with the low-labeled polymer only monomer emission is observed. The excitation spectra collected at the monomer and excimer emission bands show significant differences, depending on the water content of the mixture, which indicate the simultaneous presence of preformed and dynamic dimers as routes to excimer formation. The time-resolved data decay profiles of the high-labeled polymer in the mixtures were always triple exponential whereas in pure methanol and dioxane they follow biexponential laws. The data in the mixtures are consistent with two types of monomers and one excimer. Both monomers are able to give rise to excimer in the excited state, one type involving the movement of long distant Np chromophores and the other involving a local reorientation of adjacent Np chromophores. These correspond to different decay times: (1) a long which corresponds to the long distant approach of non-neighboring Np chromophores forming an excimer and (2) a short corresponding to the fast adjustment of two neighboring Np chromophores in order to have the adequate parallel geometry. An additional decay time corresponding to the excimer decay was found to be present at all wavelengths. All the decay times were dependent on the water content of the mixture. An estimation of the two excimer forming rate constants values is made for the mixed media considered in this work. On the whole, using both steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence parameters, and by comparing data for a polymer with a small number of hydrophobes with a more highly modified one, it is possible in great detail to demonstrate how association is controlled by solvent quality for the hydrophobes and by the distance between hydrophobes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Telma Costa
- Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
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Danko M, Libiszowski J, Biela T, Wolszczak M, Duda A. Molecular dynamics of star-shaped poly(L-lactide)s in tetrahydrofuran as solvent monitored by fluorescence spectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.20932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Carretti E, Dei L, Baglioni P, Weiss RG. Synthesis and characterization of gels from polyallylamine and carbon dioxide as gellant. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:5121-9. [PMID: 12708864 DOI: 10.1021/ja034399d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of a novel series of polymer gels are reported. They are formed at ambient temperatures by bubbling CO(2) through solutions of polyallylamine (PAA; a latent gellant) in several organic liquids, including aliphatic alcohols and 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. The stabilities of the alcohol gels, as indicated by the (irreversible) degelation temperature, T(g)(dt), were strongly dependent on the number of carbon atoms (C(n)) in the alkyl chains of the alcohol liquids. The mechanism of formation and the microenvironmental properties of PAA-based gels containing a small amount of a pH-sensitive probe, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid (2,6-NDCA), have been probed using static and dynamic fluorescence measurements. A measurable pH change and significant alterations to the fluorescence spectra were coincident with gelation of PAA solutions in 1-butanol as CO(2) was bubbled through, and the fluorescence spectra were monitored over several hours until no further changes were detected. Analyses of dynamic fluorescence decay histograms indicate the presence of three decay times due to different microenvironments where the 2,6-NDCA molecules are located.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Carretti
- Department of Chemistry and Consortium CSGI, University of Florence via della Lastruccia, 3 I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
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Cardona CM, Wilkes T, Ong W, Kaifer AE, McCarley TD, Pandey S, Baker GA, Kane MN, Baker SN, Bright FV. Dendrimers Functionalized with a Single Pyrene Label: Synthesis, Photophysics, and Fluorescence Quenching. J Phys Chem B 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp020862h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia M. Cardona
- Center for Supramolecular Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33124-0431, Choppin Laboratories of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Lousiana 70803-1804, Department of Chemistry, New Mexico Institute of Technology, Socorro, New Mexico 87801, and Department of Chemistry, Natural Sciences Complex, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000
| | - Tom Wilkes
- Center for Supramolecular Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33124-0431, Choppin Laboratories of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Lousiana 70803-1804, Department of Chemistry, New Mexico Institute of Technology, Socorro, New Mexico 87801, and Department of Chemistry, Natural Sciences Complex, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000
| | - Winston Ong
- Center for Supramolecular Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33124-0431, Choppin Laboratories of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Lousiana 70803-1804, Department of Chemistry, New Mexico Institute of Technology, Socorro, New Mexico 87801, and Department of Chemistry, Natural Sciences Complex, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000
| | - Angel E. Kaifer
- Center for Supramolecular Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33124-0431, Choppin Laboratories of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Lousiana 70803-1804, Department of Chemistry, New Mexico Institute of Technology, Socorro, New Mexico 87801, and Department of Chemistry, Natural Sciences Complex, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000
| | - Tracy Donovan McCarley
- Center for Supramolecular Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33124-0431, Choppin Laboratories of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Lousiana 70803-1804, Department of Chemistry, New Mexico Institute of Technology, Socorro, New Mexico 87801, and Department of Chemistry, Natural Sciences Complex, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000
| | - Siddarth Pandey
- Center for Supramolecular Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33124-0431, Choppin Laboratories of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Lousiana 70803-1804, Department of Chemistry, New Mexico Institute of Technology, Socorro, New Mexico 87801, and Department of Chemistry, Natural Sciences Complex, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000
| | - Gary A. Baker
- Center for Supramolecular Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33124-0431, Choppin Laboratories of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Lousiana 70803-1804, Department of Chemistry, New Mexico Institute of Technology, Socorro, New Mexico 87801, and Department of Chemistry, Natural Sciences Complex, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000
| | - Maureen N. Kane
- Center for Supramolecular Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33124-0431, Choppin Laboratories of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Lousiana 70803-1804, Department of Chemistry, New Mexico Institute of Technology, Socorro, New Mexico 87801, and Department of Chemistry, Natural Sciences Complex, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000
| | - Sheila N. Baker
- Center for Supramolecular Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33124-0431, Choppin Laboratories of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Lousiana 70803-1804, Department of Chemistry, New Mexico Institute of Technology, Socorro, New Mexico 87801, and Department of Chemistry, Natural Sciences Complex, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000
| | - Frank V. Bright
- Center for Supramolecular Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33124-0431, Choppin Laboratories of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Lousiana 70803-1804, Department of Chemistry, New Mexico Institute of Technology, Socorro, New Mexico 87801, and Department of Chemistry, Natural Sciences Complex, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000
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Winnik MA, Bystryak SM, Liu Z, Siddiqui J. Synthesis and Characterization of Pyrene-Labeled Poly(ethylenimine). Macromolecules 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ma980672y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell A. Winnik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6
| | - Simon M. Bystryak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6
| | - Zhaoqing Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6
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Anghel DF, Alderson V, Winnik FM, Mizusaki M, Morishima Y. Fluorescent dyes as model ‘hydrophobic modifiers’ of polyelectrolytes: a study of poly(acrylic acid)s labelled with pyrenyl and naphthyl groups. POLYMER 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(97)10126-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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33
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Naphthalenesulphonyl groups as fluorescence probes for examining the conformational behaviour of polyallylamine. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s1010-6030(97)00233-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Itagaki H, Tokai M, Kondo T. Physical gelation process for cellulose whose hydroxyl groups are regioselectively substituted by fluorescent groups. POLYMER 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(96)01007-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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36
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Li M, Jiang M, Zhang YX, Fang Q. Fluorescence Studies of Hydrophobic Association of Fluorocarbon-Modified Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide). Macromolecules 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/ma960966o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Fluorescence of 1,3-Di(1-pyrenyl)propane probe incorporated into human serum albumin protein enforced conformations of the probe. Colloid Polym Sci 1997. [DOI: 10.1007/s003960050058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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38
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Winnik FM, Regismond ST. Fluorescence methods in the study of the interactions of surfactants with polymers. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0927-7757(96)03733-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Johansson JS, Eckenhoff RG. Minimum structural requirement for an inhalational anesthetic binding site on a protein target. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1996; 1290:63-8. [PMID: 8645708 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(95)00187-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The present study makes use of direct photoaffinity labeling and fluorescence and circular dichroism spectroscopy to examine the interaction of the inhalational anesthetic halothane with the uncharged alpha-helical form of poly(L-lysine) over a range of chain lengths. Halothane bound specifically to long chain homopolymers (190 to 1060 residues), reaching a stable stoichiometry of 1 halothane to 160 lysine residues in polymers longer than 300 residues. Halothane bound only non-specifically to an alpha-helical 30 residue polymer and to all of the polymers in their charged, random coil form. The data suggest that halothane binding is a function of supersecondary structure whereby intramolecular helix-helix clusters form in the longer polymers, resulting in the creation of confined hydrophobic domains. Circular dichroism spectroscopy cannot demonstrate changes in poly(L-lysine) secondary structure at any chain length with up to 12 mM halothane, suggesting that extensive hydrogen bond disruption by the anesthetic does not occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Johansson
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, 19104-4283, USA
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Abstract
In this contribution the literature relevant to characterization of polyelectrolytes, polyelectrolyte complexes and hydrogels using luminescence spectroscopy is reviewed. A brief introduction to the fundamentals of luminescence is followed by a description of the various types of spectroscopic studies which may be used to characterize hydrogels. In addition to experiments based upon the addition of a viscosity, temperature- or polarity-sensitive fluorescent probe to characterize the local environment, experiments and techniques based upon luminescence quenching, fluorescence polarization, phosphorescence depolarization and excimer fluorescence are discussed. This review succinctly describes the utility of luminescence spectroscopy in the characterization of hydrogel systems, with a focus on recent developments in the characterization of hydrogels and polyelectrolyte complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Rangarajan
- Michigan State University, Department of Chemical Engineering, East Lansing 48824, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Lehrer
- Boston Biomedical Research Institute, Massachusetts
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42
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Itagaki H, Takahashi I, Natsume M, Kondo T. Gelation of cellulose whose hydroxyl groups are specifically substituted by the fluorescent groups. Polym Bull (Berl) 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00297417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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43
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Static pyrene excimer formation at hydrophobic zirconium phosphate surfaces: The salt effect. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0927-6513(93)80045-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Drummond CJ, Albers S, Furlong DN. Polymer—surfactant interactions: (Hydroxypropyl)cellulose with ionic and ion-ionic surfactants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0166-6622(92)80038-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Eriksson M, Eriksson S, Nordén B, Jernström B, Gräslund A. Excimer fluorescence of (+)-anti-benzo (a)pyrene diol epoxide covalently bound to poly(dG-dC): structural implications. Biopolymers 1990; 29:1249-60. [PMID: 2114932 DOI: 10.1002/bip.360290814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence of (+)-anti-benzo(a)pyrene diol epoxide [(+)-anti-BPDE] covalently bound to poly(dG-dC) has been studied with steady-state and time-resolved techniques. Extensive formation of excimers is found, even at small (0.008) BPDE/nucleotide ratios. This indicates favored covalent binding to bases close to already modified guanines. Both fluorescence excitation spectra and lifetime measurements reveal two populations of (+)-anti-BPDE adducts: one that can form excimers and one that cannot. Three excimer lifetimes (4.5, 29, and 83 ns) are observed. Differently shifted monomer and excimer excitation spectra are discussed in terms of pyrene-pyrene exciton interactions, consistent with a distance shorter than 7 A between the excimer-forming BPDE chromophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Eriksson
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
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Xu CB, Tung CH. Hydrophobic effects on photophysical and photochemical processes. New fluorescence from molecular aggregates of 1,4-di(2-naphthyl)cyclohexane. Chem Phys Lett 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(90)87264-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kim SK, Geacintov NE, Zinger D, Sutherland JC. Fluorescence spectral characteristics and fluorescence decay profiles of covalent polycyclic aromatic carcinogen-DNA adducts. BASIC LIFE SCIENCES 1989; 51:187-205. [PMID: 2510712 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-8041-2_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S K Kim
- Chemistry Department, New York University, NY 10003
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