1
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Tzelepis DA, Khoshnevis A, Zayernouri M, Ginzburg VV. Polyurea-Graphene Nanocomposites-The Influence of Hard-Segment Content and Nanoparticle Loading on Mechanical Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4434. [PMID: 38006160 PMCID: PMC10675114 DOI: 10.3390/polym15224434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyurethane and polyurea-based adhesives are widely used in various applications, from automotive to electronics and medical applications. The adhesive performance depends strongly on its composition, and developing the formulation-structure-property relationship is crucial to making better products. Here, we investigate the dependence of the linear viscoelastic properties of polyurea nanocomposites, with an IPDI-based polyurea (PUa) matrix and exfoliated graphene nanoplatelet (xGnP) fillers, on the hard-segment weight fraction (HSWF) and the xGnP loading. We characterize the material using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). It is found that changing the HSWF leads to a significant variation in the stiffness of the material, from about 10 MPa for 20% HSWF to about 100 MPa for 30% HSWF and about 250 MPa for the 40% HSWF polymer (as measured by the tensile storage modulus at room temperature). The effect of the xGNP loading was significantly more limited and was generally within experimental error, except for the 20% HSWF material, where the xGNP addition led to about an 80% increase in stiffness. To correctly interpret the DMA results, we developed a new physics-based rheological model for the description of the storage and loss moduli. The model is based on the fractional calculus approach and successfully describes the material rheology in a broad range of temperatures (-70 °C-+70 °C) and frequencies (0.1-100 s-1), using only six physically meaningful fitting parameters for each material. The results provide guidance for the development of nanocomposite PUa-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demetrios A. Tzelepis
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
- Materials Division, US-Army, Ground Vehicle System Center, Warren, MI 48397, USA
| | - Arman Khoshnevis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (A.K.); (M.Z.)
| | - Mohsen Zayernouri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (A.K.); (M.Z.)
- Department of Statistics and Probability, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Valeriy V. Ginzburg
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
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2
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Tzelepis DA, Suzuki J, Su YF, Wang Y, Lim YC, Zayernouri M, Ginzburg VV. Experimental and modeling studies of
IPDI
‐based polyurea elastomers – The role of hard segment fraction. J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Demetrios A. Tzelepis
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Department Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA
- Materials Division US‐Army, Ground Vehicle System Center Warren Michigan USA
| | - Jorge Suzuki
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA
- Department of Simulation, Technology Center Division Microvast Power Solutions, Inc. Lake Mary Florida USA
| | - Yi Feng Su
- Materials Science and Technology Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee USA
| | - Yiyu Wang
- Materials Science and Technology Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee USA
| | - Yong Chae Lim
- Materials Science and Technology Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee USA
| | - Mohsen Zayernouri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA
- Department of Statistics and Probability Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA
| | - Valeriy V. Ginzburg
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Department Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA
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3
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Angelopoulou PP, Moutsios I, Manesi GM, Ivanov DA, Sakellariou G, Avgeropoulos A. Designing high χ copolymer materials for nanotechnology applications: A systematic bulk vs. thin films approach. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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4
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Park J, Winey KI. Double Gyroid Morphologies in Precise Ion-Containing Multiblock Copolymers Synthesized via Step-Growth Polymerization. JACS AU 2022; 2:1769-1780. [PMID: 36032527 PMCID: PMC9400044 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The double gyroid structure was first reported in diblock copolymers about 30 years ago, and the complexity of this morphology relative to the other ordered morphologies in block copolymers continues to fascinate the soft matter community. The double gyroid microphase-separated morphology has co-continuous domains of both species, and the minority phase is subdivided into two interpenetrating network structures. In addition to diblock copolymers, this structure has been reported in similar systems including diblock copolymers blended with one or two homopolymers and ABA-type triblock copolymers. Given the narrow composition region over which the double gyroid structure is typically observed (∼3 vol %), anionic polymerization has dominated the synthesis of block copolymers to control their composition and molecular weight. This perspective will highlight recent studies that (1) employ an alternative polymerization method to make block copolymers and (2) report double gyroid structures with lattice parameters below 10 nm. Specifically, step-growth polymerization linked precise polyethylene blocks and short sulfonate-containing blocks to form strictly alternating multiblock copolymers, and these copolymers produce the double gyroid structure over a dramatically wider composition range (>14 vol %). These new (AB) n multiblock copolymers self-assemble into the double gyroid structure by having exceptional control over the polymer architecture and large interaction parameters between the blocks. This perspective proposes criteria for a broader and synthetically more accessible range of polymers that self-assemble into double gyroids and other ordered structures, so that these remarkable structures can be employed to solve a variety of technological challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinseok Park
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Karen I. Winey
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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5
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Park J, Staiger A, Mecking S, Winey KI. Ordered Nanostructures in Thin Films of Precise Ion-Containing Multiblock Copolymers. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2022; 8:388-393. [PMID: 35350601 PMCID: PMC8949628 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c01594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that ionic functionality in a multiblock architecture produces highly ordered and sub-3 nm nanostructures in thin films, including bicontinuous double gyroids. At 40 °C, precise ion-containing multiblock copolymers of poly(ethylene-b-lithium sulfosuccinate ester) n (PESxLi, x = 12 or 18) exhibit layered ionic assemblies parallel to the substrate. These ionic layers are separated by crystalline polyethylene blocks with the polymer backbones perpendicular to the substrate. Notably, above the melting temperature (T m) of the polyethylene blocks, layered PES18Li thin films transform into a highly oriented double-gyroid morphology with the (211) plane (d 211 = 2.5 nm) aligned parallel to the substrate. The cubic lattice parameter (a gyr) of the double gyroid is 6.1 nm. Upon heating further above T m, the double-gyroid morphology in PES18Li transitions into hexagonally packed cylinders with cylinders parallel to the substrate. These layered, double-gyroid, and cylinder nanostructures form epitaxially and spontaneously without secondary treatment, such as interfacial layers and solvent vapor annealing. When the film thickness is less than ∼3a gyr, double gyroids and cylinders coexist due to the increased confinement. For PES12Li above T m, the layered ionic assemblies simply transform into disordered morphology. Given the chemical tunability of ion-functionalized multiblock copolymers, this study reveals a versatile pathway to fabricating ordered nanostructures in thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinseok Park
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Anne Staiger
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Stefan Mecking
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Karen I. Winey
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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6
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Competitive hydrogen bonding induced phase separation in supramolecular comb-shaped diblock copolymer. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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7
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Park J, Easterling CP, Armstrong CC, Huber DL, Bowman JI, Sumerlin BS, Winey KI, Taylor MK. Nanoscale layers of precise ion-containing polyamides with lithiated phenyl sulfonate in the polymer backbone. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00802e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Precise polyamide ionomer produces well-defined nanoscale layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinseok Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Charles P. Easterling
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - Christopher C. Armstrong
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - Dale L. Huber
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - Jared I. Bowman
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Brent S. Sumerlin
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Karen I. Winey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Mercedes K. Taylor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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8
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Park J, Staiger A, Mecking S, Winey KI. Sub-3-Nanometer Domain Spacings of Ultrahigh-χ Multiblock Copolymers with Pendant Ionic Groups. ACS NANO 2021; 15:16738-16747. [PMID: 34617441 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c06734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the temperature-dependent phase behavior and interaction parameter of polyethylene-based multiblock copolymers with pendant ionic groups. These step-growth polymers contain short polyester blocks with a single Li+SO3- group strictly alternating with polyethylene blocks of x-carbons (PESxLi, x = 12, 18, 23). At room temperature, these polymers exhibit layered morphologies with semicrystalline polyethylene blocks. Upon heating above the melting point (∼130 °C), PES18Li shows two order-to-order transitions involving Ia3̅d gyroid and hexagonal morphologies. For PES12Li, an order-to-disorder transition accompanies the melting of the polyethylene blocks. Notably, a Flory-Huggins interaction parameter was determined from the disordered morphologies of PES12Li using mean-field theory: χ(T) = 77.4/T + 2.95 (T in Kelvin) and χ(25 °C) ≈ 3.21. This ultrahigh χ indicates that the polar ionic and nonpolar polyethylene segments are highly incompatible and affords well-ordered morphologies even when the combined length of the alternating blocks is just 18-29 backbone atoms. This combination of ultrahigh χ and short multiblocks produces sub-3-nm domain spacings that facilitate the control of block copolymer self-assembly for various fields of study, including nanopatterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinseok Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Anne Staiger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Stefan Mecking
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Karen I Winey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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9
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Baeza GP. Recent advances on the structure–properties relationship of multiblock copolymers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guilhem P. Baeza
- Univ. Lyon, INSA‐Lyon, CNRS, MATEIS, UMR 5510 Villeurbanne France
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10
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Kriksin Y, Erukhimovich I. Macrophase versus Microphase Separation in Solutions of Block Copolymers: Lifshitz Line in the Energetic Parameter's Space. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.202000044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yury Kriksin
- Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics of RAS Miusskay sq.4 Moscow 125047 Russia
| | - Igor Erukhimovich
- A.N.Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of RAS Vavilova St. 28 Moscow GSP‐1 119991 Russia
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11
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Supramolecular Dimerization in a Polymer Melt from Small-Angle X-ray Scattering and Rheology: A Miscible Model System. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12040880. [PMID: 32290322 PMCID: PMC7240474 DOI: 10.3390/polym12040880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a structural and dynamic study on the simplest supramolecular hetero-association, recently investigated by the authors to prepare architectural homogeneous structures in the melt state, based on the bio-inspired hydrogen-bonding of thymine/diaminotriazine (thy–DAT) base-pairs. In the combination with an amorphous low Tg poly(butylene oxide) (PBO), no micellar structures are formed, which is expected for nonpolar polymers because of noncompatibility with the highly polar supramolecular groups. Instead, a clear polymer-like transient architecture is retrieved. This makes the heterocomplementary thy–DAT association an ideal candidate for further exploitation of the hydrogen-bonding ability in the bulk for self-healing purposes, damage management in rubbers or even the development of easily processable branched polymers with built-in plasticizer. In the present work, we investigate the temperature range from Tg + 20 °C to Tg + 150 °C of an oligomeric PBO using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and linear rheology on the pure thy and pure DAT monofunctionals and on an equimolar mixture of thy/DAT oligomers. The linear rheology performed at low temperature is found to correspond to fully closed-state dimeric configurations. At intermediate temperatures, SAXS probes the equilibrium between open and closed states of the thy–DAT mixtures. The temperature-dependent association constant in the full range between open and closed H-bonds and an enhancement of the monomeric friction coefficient due to the groups is obtained. The thy–DAT association in the melt is more stable than the DAT–DAT, whereas the thy–thy association seems to involve additional long-lived interactions.
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12
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13
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Li S, Xu Q, Li K, Yu C, Zhou Y. High-χ alternating copolymers for accessing sub-5 nm domains via simulations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:5577-5583. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00383b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Based on molecular dynamics simulations, we designed novel high-χ alternating copolymers (ACPs) for fabricating sub-5 nm domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanlong Li
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
| | - Qingsong Xu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
| | - Ke Li
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
| | - Chunyang Yu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
| | - Yongfeng Zhou
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
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14
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Galanos E, Grune E, Wahlen C, Müller AHE, Appold M, Gallei M, Frey H, Floudas G. Tapered Multiblock Copolymers Based on Isoprene and 4-Methylstyrene: Influence of the Tapered Interface on the Self-Assembly and Thermomechanical Properties. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eftyxis Galanos
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, P.O. Box 1186, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Eduard Grune
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Graduate School
Materials Science in Mainz, Staudinger Weg 9, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Christian Wahlen
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Axel H. E. Müller
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Appold
- Macromolecular Chemistry Department, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss Str. 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Markus Gallei
- Macromolecular Chemistry Department, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss Str. 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - George Floudas
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, P.O. Box 1186, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Max Planck Institute
for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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15
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Phase separation and surface properties of poly(propyl methacrylate-b-methyl methacrylate) diblock copolymers. Polym Bull (Berl) 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-018-2383-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Steube M, Johann T, Galanos E, Appold M, Rüttiger C, Mezger M, Gallei M, Müller AHE, Floudas G, Frey H. Isoprene/Styrene Tapered Multiblock Copolymers with up to Ten Blocks: Synthesis, Phase Behavior, Order, and Mechanical Properties. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Steube
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Tobias Johann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Max Planck Graduate
Center, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Eftyxis Galanos
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, P.O. Box 1186, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Michael Appold
- Macromolecular Chemistry Department, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss Str. 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christian Rüttiger
- Macromolecular Chemistry Department, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss Str. 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Markus Mezger
- Max Planck Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus Gallei
- Macromolecular Chemistry Department, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss Str. 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Axel H. E. Müller
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - George Floudas
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, P.O. Box 1186, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Max Planck Institute
for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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17
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Erukhimovich I. Weak Segregation Theory and Multicompartment Spherical Micelles. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES C 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1811238218020066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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18
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Self-Assembled Structures of Diblock Copolymer/Homopolymer Blends through Multiple Complementary Hydrogen Bonds. CRYSTALS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst8080330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A poly(styrene-b-vinylbenzyl triazolylmethyl methyladenine) (PS-b-PVBA) diblock copolymer and a poly(vinylbenzyl triazolylmethyl methylthymine) (PVBT) homopolymer were prepared through a combination of nitroxide-mediated radical polymerizations and click reactions. Strong multiple hydrogen bonding interactions of the A···T binary pairs occurred in the PVBA/PVBT miscible domain of the PS-b-PVBA/PVPT diblock copolymer/homopolymer blend, as evidenced in Fourier transform infrared and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. The self-assembled lamellar structure of the pure PS-b-PVBA diblock copolymer after thermal annealing was transformed to a cylinder structure after blending with PVBT at lower concentrations and then to a disordered micelle or macrophase structure at higher PVBT concentrations, as revealed by small-angle X-ray scattering and transmission electron microscopy.
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19
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Savoji MT, Zhao D, Muisener RJ, Schimossek K, Schoeller K, Lodge TP, Hillmyer MA. Poly(alkyl methacrylate)-Grafted Polyolefins as Viscosity Modifiers for Engine Oil: A New Mechanism for Improved Performance. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b04634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Richard J. Muisener
- Evonik Corporation, 299 Jefferson
Road, Parsippany, New Jersey 07054, United States
| | - Klaus Schimossek
- Evonik Resource Efficiency GmbH, Kirschenallee, Darmstadt 64293, Germany
| | - Katrin Schoeller
- Evonik Resource Efficiency GmbH, Kirschenallee, Darmstadt 64293, Germany
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20
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Polovnikov KE, Potemkin II. Effect of Architecture on Micelle Formation and Liquid-Crystalline Ordering in Solutions of Block Copolymers Comprising Flexible and Rigid Blocks: Rod-Coil vs Y-Shaped vs Comblike Copolymers. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:10180-10189. [PMID: 28985085 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b09127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Micelle formation of amphiphilic block copolymers of various architectures comprising both flexible and rodlike blocks were studied in a selective solvent via dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations. Peculiarities of self-assembly of Y-shaped (insoluble rigid block and two flexible soluble arms) and comblike (soluble flexible backbone with insoluble rigid side chains) copolymers are compared with those of equivalent rod-coil diblock copolymers. We have shown that aggregation of the rigid blocks into the dense core of the micelles is accompanied by their nematic ordering. However, the orientation order parameter and aggregation number of the micelles are strongly dependent on macromolecular architecture. Relatively small micelles of pretty high nematic order parameter, S2 ≈ 0.5-0.8, are the features of the Y-shaped and rod-coil copolymer micelles. They are characterized by different responses to the solvent quality worsening. The aggregation number of the rod-coil diblock copolymer micelles increases and that of the Y-shaped copolymer micelles decreases at the solvent quality worsening. However, the order parameter grows in both cases, achieving a maximum value for the Y-shaped copolymer micelles. Herewith, the core elongates. On the contrary, comblike copolymers self-assemble into bigger spherical micelles whose core possesses a lower nematic order of the rods, S2 ≈ 0.3-0.4. The aggregation number is shown to depend on the length of the combs (on the number of repeating elements in the architecture). Possible physical reasons for such behavior of the systems are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill E Polovnikov
- Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow 119991, Russian Federation.,The Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology , Skolkovo 143026, Russian Federation
| | - Igor I Potemkin
- Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow 119991, Russian Federation.,DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials , Aachen 52056, Germany
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21
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Balko J, Fernández-d’Arlas B, Pöselt E, Dabbous R, Müller AJ, Thurn-Albrecht T. Clarifying the Origin of Multiple Melting of Segmented Thermoplastic Polyurethanes by Fast Scanning Calorimetry. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Balko
- Institute
of Physics, Martin Luther University, von-Danckelmann-Platz 3, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - B. Fernández-d’Arlas
- POLYMAT
Polymer Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - E. Pöselt
- BASF-Polyurethanes
GmbH, E-PME/NL, Elastogranstraße
60, 49448 Lemförde, Germany
| | - R. Dabbous
- BASF Schweiz AG,
RAV/B, Mattenstrasse 22, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - A. J. Müller
- POLYMAT
Polymer Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE,
Basque
Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - T. Thurn-Albrecht
- Institute
of Physics, Martin Luther University, von-Danckelmann-Platz 3, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
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22
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Zhang J, Deubler R, Hartlieb M, Martin L, Tanaka J, Patyukova E, Topham PD, Schacher FH, Perrier S. Evolution of Microphase Separation with Variations of Segments of Sequence-Controlled Multiblock Copolymers. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Elena Patyukova
- Aston Institute of Materials Research, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, U.K
| | - Paul D. Topham
- Aston Institute of Materials Research, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, U.K
| | | | - Sébastien Perrier
- Faculty of Pharmacy and
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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23
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Rizk M, Krutyeva M, Lühmann N, Allgaier J, Radulescu A, Pyckhout-Hintzen W, Wischnewski A, Richter D. A Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Study of a Soft Model Nanofiller in an Athermal Melt. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Rizk
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) & Institute for Complex Systems (ICS), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Department
of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - M. Krutyeva
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) & Institute for Complex Systems (ICS), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - N. Lühmann
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) & Institute for Complex Systems (ICS), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - J. Allgaier
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) & Institute for Complex Systems (ICS), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - A. Radulescu
- Jülich
Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum
(MLZ), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Garching, Germany
| | - W. Pyckhout-Hintzen
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) & Institute for Complex Systems (ICS), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - A. Wischnewski
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) & Institute for Complex Systems (ICS), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - D. Richter
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) & Institute for Complex Systems (ICS), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
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24
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Interpenetration of polymeric microgels at ultrahigh densities. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1487. [PMID: 28469168 PMCID: PMC5431201 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01471-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft particles such as polymeric microgels can form ultra-dense phases, where the average center-to-center distance a s can be smaller than the initial unperturbed particle diameter σ 0, due to their ability to interpenetrate and compress. However, despite of the effort devoted to microgels at ultrahigh densities, we know surprisingly little about their response to their environment at effective volume fractions ϕ eff above close packing (ϕ cp ), and the existing information is often contradictory. Here we report direct measurements of the size and shape of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) microgels at concentrations below and above ϕ cp using the zero average contrast method in small-angle neutron scattering. We complement these experiments with measurements of the average interparticle distances using small-angle x-ray scattering, and a determination of the glass transition using dynamic light scattering. This allows us to unambiguously decouple interaction effects from density-dependent variations of the particle size and shape at all values of ϕ eff . We demonstrate that the microgels used in this study significantly interpenetrate and thus change their size and shape only marginally even for ϕ eff ≫ ϕ cp , a finding that may require changes in the interpretation of a number of previously published studies on the structural and dynamic properties of dense soft particle systems.
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25
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Pospiech D, Jehnichen D, Eckstein K, Scheibe P, Komber H, Sahre K, Janke A, Reuter U, Häußler L, Schellkopf L, Friedel P, Voit B. Semifluorinated PMMA Block Copolymers: Synthesis, Nanostructure, and Thin Film Properties. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201600599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Doris Pospiech
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V.; Hohe Str. 6 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Dieter Jehnichen
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V.; Hohe Str. 6 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Kathrin Eckstein
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V.; Hohe Str. 6 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Philipp Scheibe
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V.; Hohe Str. 6 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V.; Hohe Str. 6 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Karin Sahre
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V.; Hohe Str. 6 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Andreas Janke
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V.; Hohe Str. 6 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Uta Reuter
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V.; Hohe Str. 6 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Liane Häußler
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V.; Hohe Str. 6 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Leonard Schellkopf
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V.; Hohe Str. 6 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Peter Friedel
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V.; Hohe Str. 6 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Brigitte Voit
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V.; Hohe Str. 6 01069 Dresden Germany
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26
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Govorun EN, Chertovich AV. Microphase separation in random multiblock copolymers. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:034903. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4973933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E. N. Govorun
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-2, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - A. V. Chertovich
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-2, Moscow 119991, Russia
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27
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Weiss RM, Li J, Liu HH, Washington MA, Giesen JA, Grayson SM, Meyer TY. Determining Sequence Fidelity in Repeating Sequence Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)s. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M. Weiss
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Jian Li
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Han H. Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Michael A. Washington
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Joseph A. Giesen
- Department
of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Scott M. Grayson
- Department
of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Tara Y. Meyer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
- McGowan
Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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28
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Burns AB, Register RA. Mechanical Properties of Star Block Polymer Thermoplastic Elastomers with Glassy and Crystalline End Blocks. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam B. Burns
- Department of Chemical and
Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Richard A. Register
- Department of Chemical and
Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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29
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Baeza GP, Sharma A, Louhichi A, Imperiali L, Appel WP, Fitié CF, Lettinga MP, Van Ruymbeke E, Vlassopoulos D. Multiscale organization of thermoplastic elastomers with varying content of hard segments. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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30
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Pospiech D, Häußler L, Eckstein K, Komber H, Voigt D, Jehnichen D, Friedel P, Gottwald A, Kollig W, Kricheldorf HR. Synthesis and Phase Separation Behaviour of High Performance Multiblock Copolymers. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2016. [DOI: 10.1088/0954-0083/13/2/324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The phase separation behaviour of block copolymers of the type (A–B) n(segmented block copolymers, multiblock copolymers) containing segments with different degrees of flexibility was investigated using a stepwise variation of the incorporated blocks A and B. Amorphous/rigid blocks (polysulfone segments) were systematically combined with amorphous/flexible blocks (poly(tetramethylene glycol), semiflexible/nematic blocks (different kinds of aromatic polyesters and poly(ester imides) as well as semicrystalline fluorinated polyester blocks). All multiblock copolymers were synthesized using a conventional transesterification polycondensation in the melt and the polycondensation results are discussed. The phase separation in the synthesized block copolymers was investigated both experimentally and theoretically. Flory–Huggins interaction parameters of the block copolymers were calculated and used together with mean field calculations in order to understand the phase separation behaviour of all block copolymers correlated to their chemical structure. On the other hand, the onset of phase separation in a series of block copolymers with a systematic variation of block molecular weights was examined experimentally, mainly by DSC and SAXS. Finally, the question is discussed whether or not the degree of phase separation in the investigated systems determines the properties of the polymers or not. This is for example outlined for the mechanical properties and, in particular, the surface properties of fluorinated block copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Pospiech
- Institute of Polymer Research, Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wolfram Kollig
- Institute of Polymer Research, Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Hans R Kricheldorf
- University of Hamburg, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Bundesstrasse 45, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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31
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Majewski PW, Yager KG. Rapid ordering of block copolymer thin films. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2016; 28:403002. [PMID: 27537062 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/28/40/403002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Block-copolymers self-assemble into diverse morphologies, where nanoscale order can be finely tuned via block architecture and processing conditions. However, the ultimate usage of these materials in real-world applications may be hampered by the extremely long thermal annealing times-hours or days-required to achieve good order. Here, we provide an overview of the fundamentals of block-copolymer self-assembly kinetics, and review the techniques that have been demonstrated to influence, and enhance, these ordering kinetics. We discuss the inherent tradeoffs between oven annealing, solvent annealing, microwave annealing, zone annealing, and other directed self-assembly methods; including an assessment of spatial and temporal characteristics. We also review both real-space and reciprocal-space analysis techniques for quantifying order in these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel W Majewski
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA. Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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32
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Bu X, Zhang X. Scattering and Gaussian Fluctuation Theory for Semiflexible Polymers. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:E301. [PMID: 30974614 PMCID: PMC6432401 DOI: 10.3390/polym8090301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The worm-like chain is one of the best theoretical models of the semiflexible polymer. The structure factor, which can be obtained by scattering experiment, characterizes the density correlation in different length scales. In the present review, the numerical method to compute the static structure factor of the worm-like chain model and its general properties are demonstrated. Especially, the chain length and persistence length involved multi-scale nature of the worm-like chain model are well discussed. Using the numerical structure factor, Gaussian fluctuation theory of the worm-like chain model can be developed, which is a powerful tool to analyze the structure stability and to predict the spinodal line of the system. The microphase separation of the worm-like diblock copolymer is considered as an example to demonstrate the usage of Gaussian fluctuation theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Bu
- School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China.
| | - Xinghua Zhang
- School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China.
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33
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Staropoli M, Raba A, Hövelmann CH, Krutyeva M, Allgaier J, Appavou MS, Keiderling U, Stadler FJ, Pyckhout-Hintzen W, Wischnewski A, Richter D. Hydrogen Bonding in a Reversible Comb Polymer Architecture: A Microscopic and Macroscopic Investigation. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariapaola Staropoli
- JCNS-1
and ICS-1, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo-Brandt-Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Andreas Raba
- JCNS-1
and ICS-1, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo-Brandt-Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Claas H. Hövelmann
- JCNS-1
and ICS-1, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo-Brandt-Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Margarita Krutyeva
- JCNS-1
and ICS-1, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo-Brandt-Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Allgaier
- JCNS-1
and ICS-1, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo-Brandt-Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | | | - Uwe Keiderling
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien and Energie, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian J. Stadler
- Nanshan
District Key Lab for Biopolymers and Safety Evaluation, College of
Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Optoelectronic
Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong China
| | - Wim Pyckhout-Hintzen
- JCNS-1
and ICS-1, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo-Brandt-Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Andreas Wischnewski
- JCNS-1
and ICS-1, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo-Brandt-Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Dieter Richter
- JCNS-1
and ICS-1, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo-Brandt-Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany
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34
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Epps Iii TH, O'Reilly RK. Block copolymers: controlling nanostructure to generate functional materials - synthesis, characterization, and engineering. Chem Sci 2016; 7:1674-1689. [PMID: 30155013 PMCID: PMC6090521 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc03505h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this perspective, we survey recent advances in the synthesis and characterization of block copolymers, discuss several key materials opportunities enabled by block copolymers, and highlight some of the challenges that currently limit further realization of block copolymers in promising nanoscale applications. One significant challenge, especially as the complexity and functionality of designer macromolecules increases, is the requirement of multiple complementary techniques to fully characterize the resultant polymers and nanoscale materials. Thus, we highlight select characterization and theoretical methods and discuss how future advances can improve understanding of block copolymer systems. In particular, we consider the application of theoretical/simulation methods to the rationalization, and prediction, of observed experimental self-assembly phenomena. Finally, we explore several next steps for the field and emphasize some general areas of emerging research that could unlock additional opportunities for nanostructure-forming block copolymers in functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H Epps Iii
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716 , USA .
| | - Rachel K O'Reilly
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill , Coventry , CV4 7AL , UK .
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35
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Krutyeva M, Brás AR, Antonius W, Hövelmann CH, Poulos AS, Allgaier J, Radulescu A, Lindner P, Pyckhout-Hintzen W, Wischnewski A, Richter D. Association Behavior, Diffusion, and Viscosity of End-Functionalized Supramolecular Poly(ethylene glycol) in the Melt State. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Krutyeva
- JCNS-1
and ICS-1, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo-Brandt-Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - A. R. Brás
- JCNS-1
and ICS-1, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo-Brandt-Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - W. Antonius
- JCNS-1
and ICS-1, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo-Brandt-Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - C. H. Hövelmann
- JCNS-1
and ICS-1, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo-Brandt-Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - A. S. Poulos
- JCNS-1
and ICS-1, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo-Brandt-Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - J. Allgaier
- JCNS-1
and ICS-1, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo-Brandt-Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - A. Radulescu
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) at MLZ, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - P. Lindner
- Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL), 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - W. Pyckhout-Hintzen
- JCNS-1
and ICS-1, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo-Brandt-Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - A. Wischnewski
- JCNS-1
and ICS-1, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo-Brandt-Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - D. Richter
- JCNS-1
and ICS-1, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo-Brandt-Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany
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36
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Amann M, Willner L, Stellbrink J, Radulescu A, Richter D. Studying the concentration dependence of the aggregation number of a micellar model system by SANS. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:4208-4217. [PMID: 25892401 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm00469a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present a small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) structural characterization of n-alkyl-PEO polymer micelles in aqueous solution with special focus on the dependence of the micellar aggregation number on increasing concentration. The single micellar properties in the dilute region up to the overlap concentration ϕ* are determined by exploiting the well characterized unimer exchange kinetics of the model system in a freezing and diluting experiment. The micellar solutions are brought to thermodynamic equilibrium at high temperatures, where unimer exchange is fast, and are then cooled to low temperatures and diluted to concentrations in the limit of infinite dilution. At low temperatures the kinetics, and therefore the key mechanism for micellar rearrangement, is frozen on the experimental time scale, thus preserving the micellar structure in the dilution process. Information about the single micellar structure in the semidilute and concentrated region are extracted from structure factor analysis at high concentrations where the micelles order into fcc and bcc close packed lattices and the aggregation number can be calculated by geometrical arguments. This approach enables us to investigate the aggregation behavior in a wide concentration regime from dilute to 6·ϕ*, showing a constant aggregation number with concentration over a large concentration regime up to a critical concentration about three times ϕ*. When exceeding this critical concentration, the aggregation number was found to increase with increasing concentration. This behavior is compared to scaling theories for star-like polymer micelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Amann
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS-1 & Institute of Complex Systems ICS-1, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
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37
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Banerjee D, Schweizer KS. Controlling effective interactions and spatial dispersion of nanoparticles in multiblock copolymer melts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Debapriya Banerjee
- Department of Materials Science and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory; University of Illinois; Urbana Illinois 61801
| | - Kenneth S. Schweizer
- Department of Materials Science and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory; University of Illinois; Urbana Illinois 61801
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38
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Yilgör I, Yilgör E, Wilkes GL. Critical parameters in designing segmented polyurethanes and their effect on morphology and properties: A comprehensive review. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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39
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Brás AR, Hövelmann CH, Antonius W, Teixeira J, Radulescu A, Allgaier J, Pyckhout-Hintzen W, Wischnewski A, Richter D. Molecular Approach to Supramolecular Polymer Assembly by Small Angle Neutron Scattering. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma401714r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana R. Brás
- JCNS-1/ICS-1, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | | | - Wiebke Antonius
- JCNS-1/ICS-1, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - José Teixeira
- CEA
Saclay, Lab Leon Brillouin, CEA CNRS, F-91191 Gif Sur
Yvette, France
| | - Aurel Radulescu
- Outstation
FRM 2, JCNS-1, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Jürgen Allgaier
- JCNS-1/ICS-1, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | | | | | - Dieter Richter
- JCNS-1/ICS-1, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
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40
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Zhang X, Wang L, Jiang T, Lin J. Phase behaviors of supramolecular graft copolymers with reversible bonding. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:184901. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4828941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials and Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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41
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Lee I, Panthani TR, Bates FS. Sustainable Poly(lactide-b-butadiene) Multiblock Copolymers with Enhanced Mechanical Properties. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma401508b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Intaek Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Tessie R. Panthani
- Department of Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Frank S. Bates
- Department of Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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Markov V, Kriksin Y, Erukhimovich I, ten Brinke G. Perpendicular lamellar-in-lamellar and other planar morphologies in A-b-(B-b-A)2-b-C and (B-b-A)2-b-C ternary multiblock copolymer melts. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:084906. [PMID: 24007036 DOI: 10.1063/1.4818872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ordered planar morphologies in A-b-(B-b-A)2-b-C and (B-b-A)2-b-C terpolymer melts are studied within the framework of the self-consistent field theory for volume fractions of components A, B, and C in the ratio 1:1:2 and the Flory-Huggins interaction parameters satisfying χ(AB) = 2χ(AC). The stable phases turn out to be the disordered, hexagonal, parallel lamellar-in-lamellar L∥ (including the simple lamellar) as well as non-shifted and shifted (L⊥ and SL⊥) perpendicular lamellar-in-lamellar morphologies. Depending on the value of the ratio r = Θ(AB)/Θ(BC), where Θ is a characteristic temperature of the units involved, different sequences of phase transitions are shown to occur. The hexagonal phase is characteristic for r ≅ 1. The L⊥ and SL⊥ morphologies occur at weak and intermediate segregations whereas the L∥ morphology appears for stronger degrees of segregation. For (B-b-A)2-b-C a reduction in r favors the shifted SL⊥ phase over the non-shifted L⊥ one, whereas for A-b-(B-b-A)2-b-C we find re-entrant phase transitions SL⊥ - L⊥. The physics determining the particular phase behavior is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Markov
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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43
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Aou K, Schrock AK, Ginzburg VV, Price PC. Characterization of polyurethane hard segment length distribution using soft hydrolysis/MALDI and Monte Carlo simulation. POLYMER 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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44
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Lee I, Bates FS. Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of Alternating and Random Poly(styrene-b-butadiene) Multiblock Copolymers. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma400479b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Intaek Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Frank S. Bates
- Department of Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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45
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Aliev MA, Kuz’minykh NY. Influence of the polydispersity of side chains on the phase behavior of multigraft copolymers. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990793113010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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46
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Sonnenschein MF, Ginzburg VV, Schiller KS, Wendt BL. Design, polymerization, and properties of high performance thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers from seed-oil derived soft segments. POLYMER 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2012.12.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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47
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Kuz’minykh NY, Aliev MA. Microphase separation in a melt of graft copolymers formed by blocks with different grafting densities. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990793112040045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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48
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Li S, Register RA, Weinhold JD, Landes BG. Melt and Solid-State Structures of Polydisperse Polyolefin Multiblock Copolymers. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma300910m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Li
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544,
United States
| | - Richard A. Register
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544,
United States
| | - Jeffrey D. Weinhold
- Core R&D, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan 48674, United States, and Freeport, Texas 77541, United States
| | - Brian G. Landes
- Core R&D, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan 48674, United States, and Freeport, Texas 77541, United States
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49
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Svaneborg C, Pedersen JS. A formalism for scattering of complex composite structures. II. Distributed reference points. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:154907. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3701737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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50
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Svaneborg C, Pedersen JS. A formalism for scattering of complex composite structures. I. Applications to branched structures of asymmetric sub-units. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:104105. [PMID: 22423826 DOI: 10.1063/1.3682778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Svaneborg
- Center for Fundamental Living Technology, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5320 Odense, Denmark.
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