1
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Schwartzkopf M, Wöhnert SJ, Waclawek V, Carstens N, Rothkirch A, Rubeck J, Gensch M, Drewes J, Polonskyi O, Strunskus T, Hinz AM, Schaper SJ, Körstgens V, Müller-Buschbaum P, Faupel F, Roth SV. Real-time insight into nanostructure evolution during the rapid formation of ultra-thin gold layers on polymers. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2021; 6:132-138. [PMID: 33290482 DOI: 10.1039/d0nh00538j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Ultra-thin metal layers on polymer thin films attract tremendous research interest for advanced flexible optoelectronic applications, including organic photovoltaics, light emitting diodes and sensors. To realize the large-scale production of such metal-polymer hybrid materials, high rate sputter deposition is of particular interest. Here, we witness the birth of a metal-polymer hybrid material by quantifying in situ with unprecedented time-resolution of 0.5 ms the temporal evolution of interfacial morphology during the rapid formation of ultra-thin gold layers on thin polystyrene films. We monitor average non-equilibrium cluster geometries, transient interface morphologies and the effective near-surface gold diffusion. At 1 s sputter deposition, the polymer matrix has already been enriched with 1% gold and an intermixing layer has formed with a depth of over 3.5 nm. Furthermore, we experimentally observe unexpected changes in aspect ratios of ultra-small gold clusters growing in the vicinity of polymer chains. For the first time, this approach enables four-dimensional insights at atomic scales during the gold growth under non-equilibrium conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Schwartzkopf
- Photon Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany.
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2
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Mermigkis PG, Mavrantzas VG. Geometric Analysis of Clusters of Free Volume Accessible to Small Penetrants and Their Connectivity in Polymer Nanocomposites Containing Carbon Nanotubes. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis G. Mermigkis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras & FORTH/ICE-HT, Patras GR 26504, Greece
| | - Vlasis G. Mavrantzas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras & FORTH/ICE-HT, Patras GR 26504, Greece
- Particle Technology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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3
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Kritikos G, Rissanou AN, Harmandaris V, Karatasos K. Bound Layer Polymer Behavior on Graphene and Graphene Oxide Nanosheets. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Kritikos
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Anastassia N. Rissanou
- Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Heraklion GR-71110, Greece
| | - Vagelis Harmandaris
- Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Heraklion GR-71110, Greece
- Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Crete, Heraklion GR-71110, Greece
- Computation-based Science and Technology Research Center, The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia 2121, Cyprus
| | - Kostas Karatasos
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
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4
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Kumar S, Sriramoju KK, Aswal VK, Padmanabhan V, Harikrishnan G. Unraveling the Polymer Chain-Adsorbed Constrained Interfacial Region on an Atomistically Thin Carbon Sheet. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:2994-3001. [PMID: 30864808 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b12577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Confinement of graphene and its functional derivatives in synthetic and biomacromolecules has been widely demonstrated recently to manifest in several multiscale phenomena in their mixtures. However, the intricate adsorbed interfacial region formed between polymer chains and a single layer of atomistically thin carbon sheet hitherto evaded an understanding of its nature and characteristics. Here, we reveal the structure of this constrained region and estimate the thickness of the adsorbed polymer layer on a single layer of an atomistically thin graphene oxide sheet using both direct experiments and molecular dynamics simulations. We use small-angle neutron scattering on a model multicomponent mixture formed by an adsorbing polymer, graphene oxide, and solvent for revealing the structure of the constrained interfacial region. We quantify the intricate adsorbed polymer layer thickness on a single layer of atomistically thin graphene oxide sheet by Euclidean approximation of the experimentally observed self-similar interfacial structure. The state of polymer chain random walk and influence of unadsorbed chains under experimental conditions are investigated and juxtaposed against the accuracy of this quantification. For long-chain polymers, the adsorbed layer thickness increases with increasing polymer molecular weight and shows a scaling relationship δ ∼ Rg0.22 with the polymer radius of gyration. For short-chain polymers, the thickness is nearly independent of molecular weight and shows a scaling relationship δ ∼ 0.6 Rg0.22. Coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations performed on a model system similar to experiments qualitatively ratify the experimentally observed molecular weight-thickness relationship. Simulations show no discernible scaling relationship between radius of gyration and adsorbed layer thickness for low-molecular-weight polymers but show a consistent scaling δ ∼ Rg for high-molecular-weight polymers. A comparison between results from experiments and simulations indicates a discerning pathway in deciphering interface-governed multiscale phenomena in mixtures of adsorbing macromolecules with graphene and its functional derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar
- Polymer Dynamics Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , Kharagpur , West Bengal 721302 , India
| | - Kishore Kumar Sriramoju
- Polymer Dynamics Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , Kharagpur , West Bengal 721302 , India
| | - Vinod K Aswal
- Solid State Physics Division , Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai 400085 , India
| | - Venkat Padmanabhan
- Polymer Dynamics Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , Kharagpur , West Bengal 721302 , India.,Department of Chemical Engineering , Tennessee Technological University , Cookeville , Tennessee 38505 , United States
| | - G Harikrishnan
- Polymer Dynamics Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , Kharagpur , West Bengal 721302 , India
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5
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Temperature influence on the structure and dynamics of polymers at the interface: Atomistic molecular dynamics simulation of atactic polystyrene nanoconfined between graphene surfaces. J Mol Liq 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2017.08.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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6
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Vianna SDB, Lin FY, Plum MA, Duran H, Steffen W. Dynamics of ultra-thin polystyrene with and without a (artificial) dead layer studied by resonance enhanced dynamic light scattering. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:203333. [PMID: 28571376 PMCID: PMC5435515 DOI: 10.1063/1.4983487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Using non-invasive, marker-free resonance enhanced dynamic light scattering, the dynamics of capillary waves on ultrathin polystyrene films' coupling to the viscoelastic and mechanical properties have been studied. The dynamics of ultrathin polymer films is still debated. In particular the question of what influence either the solid substrate and/or the fluid-gas interface has on the dynamics and the mechanical properties of films of glass forming liquids as polymers is in the focus of the present research. As a consequence, e.g., viscosity close to interfaces and thus the average viscosity of very thin films are prone to change. This study is focused on atactic, non-entangled polystyrene thin films on the gold surface. A slow dynamic mode was observed with Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann temperature dependence, slowing down with decreasing film thickness. We tentatively attribute this relaxation mode to overdamped capillary waves because of its temperature dependence and the dispersion with a wave vector which was found. No signs of a more mobile layer at the air/polymer interface or of a "dead layer" at the solid/polymer interface were found. Therefore we investigated the influence of an artificially created dead layer on the capillary wave dynamics by introducing covalently bound polystyrene polymer brushes as anchors. The dynamics was slowed down to a degree more than expected from theoretical work on the increase of density close to the solid liquid interface-instead of a "dead layer" of 2 nm, the interaction seems to extend more than 10 nm into the polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D B Vianna
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, P.O. Box 3148, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - F Y Lin
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, P.O. Box 3148, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - M A Plum
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, P.O. Box 3148, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - H Duran
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, P.O. Box 3148, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - W Steffen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, P.O. Box 3148, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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7
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Mineart KP, Ryan JJ, Lee B, Smith SD, Spontak RJ. Molecular and morphological characterization of midblock-sulfonated styrenic triblock copolymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.24294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth P. Mineart
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering; North Carolina State University; Raleigh North Carolina 27695
| | - Justin J. Ryan
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering; North Carolina State University; Raleigh North Carolina 27695
| | - Byeongdu Lee
- Advanced Photon Source; Argonne National Laboratory; Argonne Illinois 60439
| | - Steven D. Smith
- Corporate Research & Development; The Procter & Gamble Company; Cincinnati Ohio 45224
| | - Richard J. Spontak
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering; North Carolina State University; Raleigh North Carolina 27695
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering; North Carolina State University; Raleigh North Carolina 27695
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8
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Gulde M, Rissanou AN, Harmandaris V, Müller M, Schäfer S, Ropers C. Dynamics and Structure of Monolayer Polymer Crystallites on Graphene. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:6994-7000. [PMID: 27786488 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b03079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Graphene-based nanostructured systems and van der Waals heterostructures comprise a material class of growing technological and scientific importance. Joining materials with vastly different properties, polymer/graphene heterosystems promise diverse applications in surface and nanotechnology, including photovoltaics or nanotribology. Fundamentally, molecular adsorbates are prototypical systems to study confinement-induced phase transitions exhibiting intricate dynamics, which require a comprehensive understanding of the dynamical and static properties on molecular time and length scales. Here, we investigate the dynamics and the structure of a single polyethylene chain on free-standing graphene by means of molecular dynamics simulations. In equilibrium, the adsorbed polymer is orientationally linked to the graphene as two-dimensional folded-chain crystallite or at elevated temperatures as a floating solid. The associated superstructure can be reversibly melted on a picosecond time scale upon quasi-instantaneous substrate heating, involving ultrafast heterogeneous melting via a transient floating phase. Our findings elucidate time-resolved molecular-scale ordering and disordering phenomena in individual polymers interacting with solids, yielding complementary information to collective friction and viscosity, and linking to recent experimental observables from ultrafast electron diffraction. We anticipate that the approach will help in resolving nonequilibrium phenomena of hybrid polymeric systems over a broad range of time and length scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Gulde
- 4th Physical Institute - Solids and Nanostructures, University of Göttingen , 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anastassia N Rissanou
- Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas , 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Vagelis Harmandaris
- Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas , 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Crete , 71409, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Marcus Müller
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Göttingen , 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sascha Schäfer
- 4th Physical Institute - Solids and Nanostructures, University of Göttingen , 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Claus Ropers
- 4th Physical Institute - Solids and Nanostructures, University of Göttingen , 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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9
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Influence of nanoparticle inclusion on the cavity size distribution and accessible volume in polystyrene – Silica nanocomposites. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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10
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Chen Y, Wang Y, Xu C, Wang Y, Jiang C. New Approach to Fabricate Novel Fluorosilicone Thermoplastic Vulcanizate with Bicrosslinked Silicone Rubber-Core/Fluororubber-Shell Particles Dispersed in Poly(vinylidene Fluoride): Structure and Property. Ind Eng Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b04676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yukun Chen
- The Key
Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Youhong Wang
- The Key
Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Chuanhui Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Yanpeng Wang
- The Key
Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Changyun Jiang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR, 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602
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11
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Cheng S, Holt AP, Wang H, Fan F, Bocharova V, Martin H, Etampawala T, White BT, Saito T, Kang NG, Dadmun MD, Mays JW, Sokolov AP. Unexpected Molecular Weight Effect in Polymer Nanocomposites. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:038302. [PMID: 26849618 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.038302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The properties of the interfacial layer between the polymer matrix and nanoparticles largely determine the macroscopic properties of polymer nanocomposites (PNCs). Although the static thickness of the interfacial layer was found to increase with the molecular weight (MW), the influence of MW on segmental relaxation and the glass transition in this layer remains to be explored. In this Letter, we show an unexpected MW dependence of the interfacial properties in PNC with attractive polymer-nanoparticle interactions: the thickness of the interfacial layer with hindered segmental relaxation decreases as MW increases, in sharp contrast to theoretical predictions. Further analyses reveal a reduction in mass density of the interfacial layer with increasing MW, which can elucidate these unexpected dynamic effects. Our observations call for a significant revision of the current understandings of PNCs and suggest interesting ways to tailor their properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwang Cheng
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Adam P Holt
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - Huiqun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - Fei Fan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - Vera Bocharova
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Halie Martin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - Thusitha Etampawala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - B Tyler White
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Tomonori Saito
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Nam-Goo Kang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - Mark D Dadmun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - Jimmy W Mays
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - Alexei P Sokolov
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
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12
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Mortazavian H, Fennell CJ, Blum FD. Structure of the Interfacial Region in Adsorbed Poly(vinyl acetate) on Silica. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Mortazavian
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Christopher J. Fennell
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Frank D. Blum
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
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13
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Cheng S, Mirigian S, Carrillo JMY, Bocharova V, Sumpter BG, Schweizer KS, Sokolov AP. Revealing spatially heterogeneous relaxation in a model nanocomposite. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:194704. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4935595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shiwang Cheng
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Stephen Mirigian
- Department of Materials Science and Chemistry, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Jan-Michael Y. Carrillo
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
- Computer Science and Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Vera Bocharova
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Bobby G. Sumpter
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
- Computer Science and Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Kenneth S. Schweizer
- Department of Materials Science and Chemistry, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Alexei P. Sokolov
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
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14
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Chen J, Li L, Zhou D, Wang X, Xue G. Effect of geometric curvature on vitrification behavior for polymer nanotubes confined in anodic aluminum oxide templates. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2015; 92:032306. [PMID: 26465472 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.92.032306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The glass transition behavior of polystyrene (PS) nanotubes confined in cylindrical alumina nanopores was studied as a function of pore diameter (d) and polymer tube thickness (δ). Both the calorimetric glass transition temperature and the microstructure measured by a nonradiative energy transfer method indicated that the polymer nanotube, or concave polymer thin film, exhibited significant differences in vitrification behavior compared to the planar one. A closer interchain proximity and an increased T_{g} were observed for polymer nanotubes with respect to the bulk polymer. T_{g} for polymer nanotubes was primarily dependent on the curvature radius d of the template, while it was less dependent on the thickness δ of the PS tube wall in the range of 11-23 nm. For small nanotubes (d=55nm), the T_{g} increased as high as 18 °C above the bulk value. This vitrified property reverted back to the bulk value when the substrate was chemically removed, which indicated the crucial importance of the interfacial effect imposed by the hard wall with a concave geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Chen
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology (Nanjing University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Linling Li
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology (Nanjing University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongshan Zhou
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology (Nanjing University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology (Nanjing University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Gi Xue
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology (Nanjing University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
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15
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Rissanou AN, Harmandaris V. Structural and Dynamical Properties of Polystyrene Thin Films Supported by Multiple Graphene Layers. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/ma502524e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anastassia N. Rissanou
- Institute of Applied and Computational
Mathematics (IACM), Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), GR-71110 Heraklion, Crete Greece
- Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Crete, GR-71409, Heraklion, Crete Greece
| | - Vagelis Harmandaris
- Institute of Applied and Computational
Mathematics (IACM), Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), GR-71110 Heraklion, Crete Greece
- Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Crete, GR-71409, Heraklion, Crete Greece
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16
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Ohrt C, Rätzke K, Oshima N, Kobayashi Y, O’Rourke BE, Suzuki R, Uedono A, Faupel F. Free Volume Profiles at Polymer–Solid Interfaces Probed by Focused Slow Positron Beam. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ohrt
- Institute
for Materials Science, Chair for Multicomponent Materials, Christian-Albrechts University at Kiel, Kaiserstr. 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Klaus Rätzke
- Institute
for Materials Science, Chair for Multicomponent Materials, Christian-Albrechts University at Kiel, Kaiserstr. 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Nagayasu Oshima
- Research
Institute of Instrumentation Frontier (RIIF), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kobayashi
- Research
Institute of Instrumentation Frontier (RIIF), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Brian E. O’Rourke
- Research
Institute of Instrumentation Frontier (RIIF), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Suzuki
- Research
Institute of Instrumentation Frontier (RIIF), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Akira Uedono
- Division
of Applied Physics, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Franz Faupel
- Institute
for Materials Science, Chair for Multicomponent Materials, Christian-Albrechts University at Kiel, Kaiserstr. 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
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