1
|
Ma X, Pan A, He F, Huang S, Liang J, He L. Well-shaped poly(dimethylsiloxane)-based copolymer nanowires from spherical micelles via kinetic shape evolution. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:3739-3746. [PMID: 37190952 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00515a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The formation of self-assembled arrays or superstructures from copolymers has attracted intense research interest. Herein, we propose a kinetic approach to form self-assembled nanowires using a PDMS-based block copolymer consisting of poly(dimethylsiloxane)-b-poly[2-(cinnamoyloxy)ethyl methacrylate] (PDMS-b-PCEMA). The copolymer was synthesized by using the macroinitiator PDMS-Br to initiate 2-(trimethylsiloxy)ethyl methacrylate (HEMA-TMS) via ATRP, followed by hydrolysis of the TMS group and gradual esterification with cinnamoyl chloride. PDMS-b-PCEMA presented core-shell spherical micelles in tetrahydrofuran, which transformed into nanowires within 5 days self-assembly via a typical kinetic shape evolution. The diameter of the assembled nanowires with a PCEMA inner core and PDMS shell was about 25-35 nm. The formation of these nanowires reflected a balance between the PDMS and PCEMA components: the PDMS segment was soluble enough to form a corona block, which was beneficial for the transformation of the micellar shape. Meanwhile, the PCEMA segment was able to control the diameter of the nanowire micelles but had no decisive effect on their formation. The effect of solvents on the self-assembled micelles indicated that nanowires were formed in tetrahydrofuran and dichloromethane, while core-shell micelles were formed in acetone. This was due to the different permittivities of these solvents. The nanowires were fixed by cross-linking the PCEMA group under UV irradiation, which enhanced their stability. We believe that this work provides a new strategy for the formation of nanowires and offers a guide for the diversified self-assembly of nanostructures from copolymers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Ma
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xianning West Road, 28, Xi'an, 710049, China.
| | - Aizhao Pan
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xianning West Road, 28, Xi'an, 710049, China.
| | - Fengyi He
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xianning West Road, 28, Xi'an, 710049, China.
| | - Shengying Huang
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xianning West Road, 28, Xi'an, 710049, China.
| | - Junyan Liang
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xianning West Road, 28, Xi'an, 710049, China.
| | - Ling He
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xianning West Road, 28, Xi'an, 710049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ellis CE, Hils C, Oliver AM, Greiner A, Schmalz H, Manners I. Electrospinning of 1D Fiber‐Like Block Copolymer Micelles with a Crystalline Core. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202200151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte E. Ellis
- Department of Chemistry University of Victoria Victoria BC V8P 5C2 Canada
| | - Christian Hils
- Macromolecular Chemistry II University of Bayreuth 95440 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Alex M. Oliver
- Department of Chemistry University of Victoria Victoria BC V8P 5C2 Canada
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Andreas Greiner
- Macromolecular Chemistry II University of Bayreuth 95440 Bayreuth Germany
- Bavarian Polymer Institute University of Bayreuth 95440 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Holger Schmalz
- Macromolecular Chemistry II University of Bayreuth 95440 Bayreuth Germany
- Bavarian Polymer Institute University of Bayreuth 95440 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Ian Manners
- Department of Chemistry University of Victoria Victoria BC V8P 5C2 Canada
- Center for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC) University of Victoria 3800 Finnerty Rd Victoria BC V8P 5C2 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
|
4
|
Karayianni M, Pispas S. Block copolymer solution self‐assembly: Recent advances, emerging trends, and applications. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Karayianni
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute National Hellenic Research Foundation Athens Greece
| | - Stergios Pispas
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute National Hellenic Research Foundation Athens Greece
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hayward DW, Magro G, Hörmann A, Prévost S, Schweins R, Richardson RM, Gradzielski M. A temperature-controlled electric field sample environment for small-angle neutron scattering experiments. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:033903. [PMID: 33820030 DOI: 10.1063/5.0040675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A new sample environment is introduced for the study of soft matter samples in electric fields using small-angle neutron scattering instruments. The sample environment is temperature controlled and features external electrodes, allowing standard quartz cuvettes to be used and conducting samples or samples containing ions to be investigated without the risk of electrochemical reactions occurring at the electrodes. For standard 12.5 mm quartz cuvettes, the maximum applied field is 8 kV/cm, and the applied field may be static or alternating (up to 10 kHz for 8 kV/cm and up to 60 kHz for 4 kV/cm). The electric fields within the sample are calculated and simulated under a number of different conditions, and the capabilities of the setup are demonstrated using a variety of liquid crystalline samples. Measurements were performed as a function of temperature and time spent in the electric field. Finally, the advantages, drawbacks, and potential optimization of the sample environment are discussed with reference to applications in the fields of complex soft matter, biology, and electrorheology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominic W Hayward
- Stranski-Laboratorium für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straβe des 17. Juni 124, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Germinal Magro
- School of Physics, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, BS8 1TL Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Anja Hörmann
- Stranski-Laboratorium für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straβe des 17. Juni 124, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sylvain Prévost
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Ralf Schweins
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Robert M Richardson
- School of Physics, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, BS8 1TL Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Gradzielski
- Stranski-Laboratorium für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straβe des 17. Juni 124, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Huang GR, Carrillo JM, Wang Y, Do C, Porcar L, Sumpter B, Chen WR. An exact inversion method for extracting orientation ordering by small-angle scattering. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:4120-4132. [PMID: 33592085 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05886f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We outline a nonparametric inversion strategy for determining the orientation distribution function (ODF) of sheared interacting rods using small-angle scattering techniques. With the presence of direct inter-rod interaction and fluid mechanical forces, the scattering spectra are no longer characterized by the azimuthal symmetry in the coordinates defined by the principal directions of simple shear conditions, which severely compounds the reconstruction of ODFs based on currently available methods developed for dilute systems. Using a real spherical harmonic expansion scheme, the real-space ODFs are uniquely determined from the anisotropic scattering spectra and their numerical accuracy is verified computationally. Our method can be generalized to extract ODFs of uniaxially anisotropic objects under different flow conditions in a properly transformed reference frame with suitable basis vectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Rong Huang
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA.
| | - Jan Michael Carrillo
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA.
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA.
| | - Changwoo Do
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA.
| | - Lionel Porcar
- Institut Laue-Langevin, B. P. 156, F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Bobby Sumpter
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA.
| | - Wei-Ren Chen
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
MacFarlane L, Zhao C, Cai J, Qiu H, Manners I. Emerging applications for living crystallization-driven self-assembly. Chem Sci 2021; 12:4661-4682. [PMID: 34163727 PMCID: PMC8179577 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06878k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of crystallization as a tool to control the self-assembly of polymeric and molecular amphiphiles in solution is attracting growing attention for the creation of non-spherical nanoparticles and more complex, hierarchical assemblies. In particular, the seeded growth method termed living crystallization-driven self-assembly (CDSA) has been established as an ambient temperature and potentially scalable platform for the preparation of low dispersity samples of core-shell fiber-like or platelet micellar nanoparticles. Significantly, this method permits predictable control of size, and access to branched and segmented structures where functionality is spatially-defined. Living CDSA operates under kinetic control and shows many analogies with living chain-growth polymerizations of molecular organic monomers that afford well-defined covalent polymers of controlled length except that it covers a much longer length scale (ca. 20 nm to 10 μm). The method has been applied to a rapidly expanding range of crystallizable polymeric amphiphiles, which includes block copolymers and charge-capped homopolymers, to form assemblies with crystalline cores and solvated coronas. Living CDSA seeded growth methods have also been transposed to a wide variety of π-stacking and hydrogen-bonding molecular species that form supramolecular polymers in processes termed "living supramolecular polymerizations". In this article we outline the main features of the living CDSA method and then survey the promising emerging applications for the resulting nanoparticles in fields such as nanomedicine, colloid stabilization, catalysis, optoelectronics, information storage, and surface functionalization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liam MacFarlane
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria British Columbia Canada
| | - Chuanqi Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria British Columbia Canada
| | - Jiandong Cai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria British Columbia Canada
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Huibin Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Ian Manners
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria British Columbia Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
He X, Finnegan JR, Hayward DW, MacFarlane LR, Harniman RL, Manners I. Living Crystallization-Driven Self-Assembly of Polymeric Amphiphiles: Low-Dispersity Fiber-like Micelles from Crystallizable Phosphonium-Capped Polycarbonate Homopolymers. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming He
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, P.R. China
| | - John R. Finnegan
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology and Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3V6, Canada
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Dominic W. Hayward
- Stranski-Laboratorium für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie Institut für Chemie Technische, Universität Berlin, Strβe des 17. Juni 124, Berlin 10623, Germany
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Liam R. MacFarlane
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - Robert L. Harniman
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Manners
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3V6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Song S, Yu Q, Zhou H, Hicks G, Zhu H, Rastogi CK, Manners I, Winnik MA. Solvent effects leading to a variety of different 2D structures in the self-assembly of a crystalline-coil block copolymer with an amphiphilic corona-forming block. Chem Sci 2020; 11:4631-4643. [PMID: 34122918 PMCID: PMC8159233 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01453b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe a polyferrocenyldimethylsilane (PFS) block copolymer (BCP), PFS27-b-P(TDMA65-ran-OEGMA69) (the subscripts refer to the mean degrees of polymerization), in which the corona-forming block is a random brush copolymer of hydrophobic tetradecyl methacrylate (TDMA) and hydrophilic oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (OEGMA). Thus, the corona is amphiphilic. This BCP generates a remarkable series of different structures when subjected to crystallization-driven self-assembly (CDSA) in solvents of different polarity. Long ribbon-like micelles formed in isopropanol, and their lengths could be controlled using both self-seeding and seeded growth protocols. In hexanol, the BCP formed more complex structures. These objects consisted of oval platelets connected to long fiber-like micelles that were uniform in width but polydisperse in length. In octane, relatively uniform rectangular platelets formed. Finally, a distinct morphology formed in a mixture of octane/hexanol, namely uniform oval structures, whose height corresponded to the fully extended PFS block. Both long and short axes of these ovals increased with the initial annealing temperature and with the BCP concentration. The self-seeding protocol also afforded uniform two-dimensional structures. Seeded growth experiments, in which a solution of the BCP in THF was added to a colloidal solution of the oval micelles led to a linear increase in area while maintaining the aspect ratio of the ovals. These experiments demonstrate the powerful effect of the amphiphilic corona chains on the CDSA of a core crystalline BCP in solvents of different hydrophilicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaofei Song
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Toronto Ontario M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Qing Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Toronto Ontario M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Hang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Toronto Ontario M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Garion Hicks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Toronto Ontario M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Hu Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Toronto Ontario M5S 3H6 Canada
| | | | - Ian Manners
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria Victoria British Columbia V8W 3V6 Canada
| | - Mitchell A Winnik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Toronto Ontario M5S 3H6 Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto Toronto ON M5S 3E2 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
He Y, Eloi JC, Harniman RL, Richardson RM, Whittell GR, Mathers RT, Dove AP, O’Reilly RK, Manners I. Uniform Biodegradable Fiber-Like Micelles and Block Comicelles via “Living” Crystallization-Driven Self-Assembly of Poly(l-lactide) Block Copolymers: The Importance of Reducing Unimer Self-Nucleation via Hydrogen Bond Disruption. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:19088-19098. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiang He
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Charles Eloi
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Robert L. Harniman
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Robert M. Richardson
- School of Physics, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
| | - George R. Whittell
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Robert T. Mathers
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, New Kensington, Pennsylvania 15068, United States
| | - Andrew P. Dove
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel K. O’Reilly
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Manners
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Huang GR, Wang Y, Do C, Shinohara Y, Egami T, Porcar L, Liu Y, Chen WR. Orientational Distribution Function of Aligned Elongated Molecules and Particulates Determined from Their Scattering Signature. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:1257-1262. [PMID: 35651160 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We present a strategy for quantitatively evaluating the field-induced alignment of nonspherical particles using small-angle scattering techniques. The orientational distribution function (ODF) is determined from the anisotropic scattering intensity via the scheme of real spherical harmonic expansion. Our developed approach is simple and analytical and does not require a presumptive hypothesis of the ODF as an input in data analysis. A model study of aligned rigid rods demonstrates the validity of this proposed approach to facilitate the quantitative structural characterization of materials with preferred orientational states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Rong Huang
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Changwoo Do
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Yuya Shinohara
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Takeshi Egami
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Lionel Porcar
- Institut Laue-Langevin, B.P. 156, F-38042 Cedex 9 Grenoble, France
| | - Yun Liu
- The NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-6100, United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Wei-Ren Chen
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Banerjee IA, Fath KR, Frayne SH, Hugo MM, Cohen B. Development of self-assembled phytosterol based nanoassemblies as vehicles for enhanced uptake of doxorubicin to HeLa cells. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 97:451-460. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
13
|
Finnegan JR, He X, Street STG, Garcia-Hernandez JD, Hayward DW, Harniman RL, Richardson RM, Whittell GR, Manners I. Extending the Scope of "Living" Crystallization-Driven Self-Assembly: Well-Defined 1D Micelles and Block Comicelles from Crystallizable Polycarbonate Block Copolymers. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:17127-17140. [PMID: 30392357 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b09861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fiber-like block copolymer (BCP) micelles offer considerable potential for a variety of applications; however, uniform samples of controlled length and with spatially tailored chemistry have not been accessible. Recently, a seeded growth method, termed "living" crystallization-driven self-assembly (CDSA), has been developed to allow the formation of 1D micelles and block comicelles of precisely controlled dimensions from BCPs with a crystallizable segment. An expansion of the range of core-forming blocks that participate in living CDSA is necessary for this technique to be compatible with a broad range of applications. Few examples currently exist of well-defined, water-dispersible BCP micelles prepared using this approach, especially from biocompatible and biodegradable polymers. Herein, we demonstrate that BCPs containing a crystallizable polycarbonate, poly(spiro[fluorene-9,5'-[1,3]-dioxan]-2'-one) (PFTMC), can readily undergo living CDSA processes. PFTMC- b-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) BCPs with PFTMC:PEG block ratios of 1:11 and 1:25 were shown to undergo living CDSA to form near monodisperse fiber-like micelles of precisely controlled lengths of up to ∼1.6 μm. Detailed structural characterization of these micelles by TEM, AFM, SAXS, and WAXS revealed that they comprise a crystalline, chain-folded PFTMC core with a rectangular cross-section that is surrounded by a solvent swollen PEG corona. PFTMC- b-PEG fiber-like micelles were shown to be dispersible in water to give colloidally stable solutions. This allowed an assessment of the toxicity of these structures toward WI-38 and HeLa cells. From these experiments, we observed no discernible cytotoxicity from a sample of 119 nm fiber-like micelles to either healthy (WI-38) or cancerous (HeLa) cell types. The living CDSA process was extended to PFTMC- b-poly(2-vinylpyridine) (P2VP), and addition of this BCP to PFTMC- b-PEG seed micelles led to the formation of well-defined segmented fibers with spatially localized coronal chemistries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John R Finnegan
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Bristol BS8 1TS , United Kingdom.,Department of Chemistry , University of Victoria , Victoria , BC V8W 3V6 , Canada
| | - Xiaoming He
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Bristol BS8 1TS , United Kingdom.,School of Chemical Science and Engineering , Tongji University , Shanghai , China
| | - Steven T G Street
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Bristol BS8 1TS , United Kingdom
| | | | - Dominic W Hayward
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Bristol BS8 1TS , United Kingdom
| | - Robert L Harniman
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Bristol BS8 1TS , United Kingdom
| | - Robert M Richardson
- HH Wills Physics Laboratory , Tyndall Avenue , Bristol BS8 1TL , United Kingdom
| | - George R Whittell
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Bristol BS8 1TS , United Kingdom
| | - Ian Manners
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Bristol BS8 1TS , United Kingdom.,Department of Chemistry , University of Victoria , Victoria , BC V8W 3V6 , Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Liu S, Zheng C, Ye Z, Blanc B, Zhi X, Shi L, Zhang Z. Filamentous Viruses Grafted with Thermoresponsive Block Polymers: Liquid Crystal Behaviors of a Rodlike Colloidal Model with “True” Attractive Interactions. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuaiyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Chunxiong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Zihan Ye
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Baptiste Blanc
- Department of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Xueli Zhi
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Linqi Shi
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenkun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Boott CE, Leitao EM, Hayward DW, Laine RF, Mahou P, Guerin G, Winnik MA, Richardson RM, Kaminski CF, Whittell GR, Manners I. Probing the Growth Kinetics for the Formation of Uniform 1D Block Copolymer Nanoparticles by Living Crystallization-Driven Self-Assembly. ACS NANO 2018; 12:8920-8933. [PMID: 30207454 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b01353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Living crystallization-driven self-assembly (CDSA) is a seeded growth method for crystallizable block copolymers (BCPs) and related amphiphiles in solution and has recently emerged as a highly promising and versatile route to uniform core-shell nanoparticles (micelles) with control of dimensions and architecture. However, the factors that influence the rate of nanoparticle growth have not been systematically studied. Using transmission electron microscopy, small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering, and super-resolution fluorescence microscopy techniques, we have investigated the kinetics of the seeded growth of poly(ferrocenyldimethylsilane)- b-(polydimethylsiloxane) (PFS- b-PDMS), as a model living CDSA system for those employing, for example, crystallizable emissive and biocompatible polymers. By altering various self-assembly parameters including concentration, temperature, solvent, and BCP composition our results have established that the time taken to prepare fiber-like micelles via the living CDSA method can be reduced by decreasing temperature, by employing solvents that are poorer for the crystallizable PFS core-forming block, and by increasing the length of the PFS core-forming block. These results are of general importance for the future optimization of a wide variety of living CDSA systems. Our studies also demonstrate that the growth kinetics for living CDSA do not exhibit the first-order dependence of growth rate on unimer concentration anticipated by analogy with living covalent polymerizations of molecular monomers. This difference may be caused by the combined influence of chain conformational effects of the BCP on addition to the seed termini and chain length dispersity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte E Boott
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Cantock's Close , Bristol , BS8 1TS , U.K
| | - Erin M Leitao
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Cantock's Close , Bristol , BS8 1TS , U.K
- School of Chemical Sciences , University of Auckland , 23 Symonds Street , Auckland , 1010 , New Zealand
| | - Dominic W Hayward
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Cantock's Close , Bristol , BS8 1TS , U.K
| | - Romain F Laine
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology , University of Cambridge , Philippa Fawcett Drive , Cambridge , CB3 0AS , U.K
| | - Pierre Mahou
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology , University of Cambridge , Philippa Fawcett Drive , Cambridge , CB3 0AS , U.K
| | - Gerald Guerin
- Chemistry Department , University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street , Toronto , M5S 3H6 , Canada
| | - Mitchell A Winnik
- Chemistry Department , University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street , Toronto , M5S 3H6 , Canada
| | - Robert M Richardson
- School of Physics , University of Bristol , Tyndall Avenue , Bristol , BS8 1TL , U.K
| | - Clemens F Kaminski
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology , University of Cambridge , Philippa Fawcett Drive , Cambridge , CB3 0AS , U.K
| | - George R Whittell
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Cantock's Close , Bristol , BS8 1TS , U.K
| | - Ian Manners
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Cantock's Close , Bristol , BS8 1TS , U.K
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Tritschler U, Gwyther J, Harniman RL, Whittell GR, Winnik MA, Manners I. Toward Uniform Nanofibers with a π-Conjugated Core: Optimizing the “Living” Crystallization-Driven Self-Assembly of Diblock Copolymers with a Poly(3-octylthiophene) Core-Forming Block. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica Gwyther
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | | | | | - Mitchell A. Winnik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ian Manners
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Derry MJ, Mykhaylyk OO, Ryan AJ, Armes SP. Thermoreversible crystallization-driven aggregation of diblock copolymer nanoparticles in mineral oil. Chem Sci 2018; 9:4071-4082. [PMID: 29780536 PMCID: PMC5944243 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc00762d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A poly(behenyl methacrylate)37 (PBeMA37) macromolecular chain transfer agent is utilized for the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) dispersion polymerization of benzyl methacrylate (BzMA) directly in mineral oil at 90 °C. Polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) occurs under these conditions, yielding a series of sterically-stabilized PBeMA37-PBzMA x diblock copolymer spheres of tunable diameter as confirmed by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies. Rheological studies indicate that a relatively transparent, free-flowing, concentrated dispersion of non-interacting 32 nm PBeMA37-PBzMA100 spheres at 50 °C forms a turbid, paste-like dispersion on cooling to 20 °C. Turbidimetry and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies conducted on solutions of PBeMA37 homopolymer in mineral oil suggest that this switchable colloidal stability is linked to crystallization-induced phase separation exhibited by this stabilizer block. Indeed, variable-temperature small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) indicates that a loose mass fractal network of strongly interacting spheres is formed on cooling to 20 °C, which accounts for this thermoreversible sol-gel transition. Moreover, SAXS, DSC and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) analyses indicate that the behenyl (C22H45) side-chains first form crystalline domains comprising adjacent stabilizer chains within individual spherical nanoparticles, with subsequent crystallization between neighboring nanoparticles leading to the formation of the mass fractal aggregates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Derry
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Sheffield , Dainton Building, Brook Hill , Sheffield , South Yorkshire S3 7HF , UK . ; ;
| | - Oleksandr O Mykhaylyk
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Sheffield , Dainton Building, Brook Hill , Sheffield , South Yorkshire S3 7HF , UK . ; ;
| | - Anthony J Ryan
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Sheffield , Dainton Building, Brook Hill , Sheffield , South Yorkshire S3 7HF , UK . ; ;
| | - Steven P Armes
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Sheffield , Dainton Building, Brook Hill , Sheffield , South Yorkshire S3 7HF , UK . ; ;
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
|
19
|
Hayward DW, Lunn DJ, Seddon A, Finnegan JR, Gould OEC, Magdysyuk O, Manners I, Whittell GR, Richardson RM. Structure of the Crystalline Core of Fiber-like Polythiophene Block Copolymer Micelles. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Oxana Magdysyuk
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, U.K
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Xing P, Li P, Chen H, Hao A, Zhao Y. Understanding Pathway Complexity of Organic Micro/Nanofiber Growth in Hydrogen-Bonded Coassembly of Aromatic Amino Acids. ACS NANO 2017; 11:4206-4216. [PMID: 28368572 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b01161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Rational engineering of one-dimensional (1D) self-assembled aggregates to produce desired materials for versatile functions remains a challenge. In this work, we report the noncovalent modulation of 1D aggregates at the micro/nanoscale using a coassembly protocol. Aromatic amino acids were employed as the model building blocks, and melamine (Mm) behaves as a modulator to form coassembly arrays with aromatic amino acids selectively. The selective self-assembly behavior between aromatic amino acids and Mm allows distinguishing and detecting Mm and aromatic amino acids from their analogues in macroscopic and microscopic scales. Dimensions and sizes of fibrous aggregates prepared from different amino acids show two opposite pathways from pristine assemblies to coassemblies induced by the addition of Mm. This pathway complexity could be controlled by the molecular conformation determined by α-positioned substituents. The developed hypothesis presents an excellent expansibility to other substrates, which may guide us to rationally design and screen 1D materials with different dimensions and sizes including the production of high-quality self-standing hydrogels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengyao Xing
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Peizhou Li
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Hongzhong Chen
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Aiyou Hao
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University , Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanli Zhao
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 639798, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Guerin G, Rupar P, Molev G, Manners I, Jinnai H, Winnik MA. Lateral Growth of 1D Core-Crystalline Micelles upon Annealing in Solution. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Guerin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, ON M5S
3H6, Canada
| | - Paul Rupar
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K., BS8 1TS
| | - Gregory Molev
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, ON M5S
3H6, Canada
| | - Ian Manners
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K., BS8 1TS
| | - Hiroshi Jinnai
- Institute
of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira,
Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Mitchell A. Winnik
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, ON M5S
3H6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Nazemi A, Boott CE, Lunn DJ, Gwyther J, Hayward DW, Richardson RM, Winnik MA, Manners I. Monodisperse Cylindrical Micelles and Block Comicelles of Controlled Length in Aqueous Media. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:4484-93. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b13416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Nazemi
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte E. Boott
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Lunn
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Gwyther
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Dominic W. Hayward
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Robert M. Richardson
- H.
H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
| | - Mitchell A. Winnik
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Ian Manners
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|