1
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West SM, Tran DK, Guo J, Chen SE, Ginger DS, Jenekhe SA. Phenazine-Substituted Poly(benzimidazobenzophenanthrolinedione): Electronic Structure, Thin Film Morphology, Electron Transport, and Mechanical Properties of an n-Type Semiconducting Ladder Polymer. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M. West
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1750, United States
| | - Duyen K. Tran
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1750, United States
| | - Jiajie Guo
- Molecular Engineering and Science Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Shinya E. Chen
- Molecular Engineering and Science Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - David S. Ginger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1750, United States
| | - Samson A. Jenekhe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1750, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1750, United States
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2
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Pawlak R, Liu X, Ninova S, D'Astolfo P, Drechsel C, Liu JC, Häner R, Decurtins S, Aschauer U, Liu SX, Meyer E. On-Surface Synthesis of Nitrogen-Doped Kagome Graphene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:8370-8375. [PMID: 33507589 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen-doped Kagome graphene (N-KG) has been theoretically predicted as a candidate for the emergence of a topological band gap as well as unconventional superconductivity. However, its physical realization still remains very elusive. Here, we report on a substrate-assisted reaction on Ag(111) for the synthesis of two-dimensional graphene sheets possessing a long-range honeycomb Kagome lattice. Low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) with a CO-terminated tip supported by density functional theory (DFT) are employed to scrutinize the structural and electronic properties of the N-KG down to the atomic scale. We demonstrate its semiconducting character due to the nitrogen doping as well as the emergence of Kagome flat bands near the Fermi level which would open new routes towards the design of graphene-based topological materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémy Pawlak
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Xunshan Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Silviya Ninova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Philipp D'Astolfo
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Carl Drechsel
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jung-Ching Liu
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Robert Häner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Silvio Decurtins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Aschauer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Shi-Xia Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ernst Meyer
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
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3
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Pawlak R, Liu X, Ninova S, D'Astolfo P, Drechsel C, Liu J, Häner R, Decurtins S, Aschauer U, Liu S, Meyer E. On‐Surface Synthesis of Nitrogen‐Doped Kagome Graphene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rémy Pawlak
- Department of Physics University of Basel Klingelbergstrasse 82 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Xunshan Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Silviya Ninova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Philipp D'Astolfo
- Department of Physics University of Basel Klingelbergstrasse 82 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Carl Drechsel
- Department of Physics University of Basel Klingelbergstrasse 82 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Jung‐Ching Liu
- Department of Physics University of Basel Klingelbergstrasse 82 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Robert Häner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Silvio Decurtins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Aschauer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Shi‐Xia Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Ernst Meyer
- Department of Physics University of Basel Klingelbergstrasse 82 4056 Basel Switzerland
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4
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Lohmeyer L, Kaifer E, Wadepohl H, Himmel H. 1,2,5,6-Tetrakis(guanidino)-Naphthalenes: Electron Donors, Fluorescent Probes and Redox-Active Ligands. Chemistry 2020; 26:5834-5845. [PMID: 32017282 PMCID: PMC7318682 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
New redox-active 1,2,5,6-tetrakis(guanidino)-naphthalene compounds, isolable and storable in the neutral and deep-green dicationic redox states and oxidisable further in two one-electron steps to the tetracations, are reported. Protonation switches on blue fluorescence, with the fluorescence intensity (quantum yield) increasing with the degree of protonation. Reactions with N-halogenosuccinimides or N-halogenophthalimides led to a series of new redox-active halogeno- and succinimido-/phthalimido-substituted derivatives. These highly selective reactions are proposed to proceed via the tri- or tetracationic state as the intermediate. The derivatives are oxidised reversibly at slightly higher potentials than that of the unsubstituted compounds to dications and further to tri- and tetracations. The integration of redox-active ligands in the transition-metal complexes shifts the redox potentials to higher values and also allows reversible oxidation in two potentially separated one-electron steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Lohmeyer
- Anorganisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Elisabeth Kaifer
- Anorganisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Hubert Wadepohl
- Anorganisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Hans‐Jörg Himmel
- Anorganisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
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5
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Mora‐Fuentes JP, Papadopoulos I, Thiel D, Álvarez‐Boto R, Cortizo‐Lacalle D, Clark T, Melle‐Franco M, Guldi DM, Mateo‐Alonso A. Singlet Fission in Pyrene‐Fused Azaacene Dimers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201911529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan P. Mora‐Fuentes
- POLYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Avenida de Tolosa 72 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian Spain
| | - Ilias Papadopoulos
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Dominik Thiel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Roberto Álvarez‐Boto
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Diego Cortizo‐Lacalle
- POLYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Avenida de Tolosa 72 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian Spain
| | - Timothy Clark
- Computer-Chemistry Centre Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Naegelsbachstr. 25 91052 Erlangen Germany
| | - Manuel Melle‐Franco
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Aurelio Mateo‐Alonso
- POLYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Avenida de Tolosa 72 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian Spain
- Ikerbasque Basque Foundation for Science Bilbao Spain
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6
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Mora‐Fuentes JP, Papadopoulos I, Thiel D, Álvarez‐Boto R, Cortizo‐Lacalle D, Clark T, Melle‐Franco M, Guldi DM, Mateo‐Alonso A. Singlet Fission in Pyrene-Fused Azaacene Dimers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:1113-1117. [PMID: 31647593 PMCID: PMC7687256 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201911529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Singlet fission has emerged as a promising strategy to avoid the loss of extra energy through thermalization in solar cells. A family of dimers consisting of nitrogen-doped pyrene-fused acenes that undergo singlet fission with triplet quantum yields as high as 125 % are presented. They provide new perspectives for nitrogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and for the design of new materials for singlet fission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan P. Mora‐Fuentes
- POLYMATUniversity of the Basque Country UPV/EHUAvenida de Tolosa 7220018Donostia-San SebastianSpain
| | - Ilias Papadopoulos
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular MaterialsFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Dominik Thiel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular MaterialsFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Roberto Álvarez‐Boto
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of MaterialsDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Aveiro3810-193AveiroPortugal
| | - Diego Cortizo‐Lacalle
- POLYMATUniversity of the Basque Country UPV/EHUAvenida de Tolosa 7220018Donostia-San SebastianSpain
| | - Timothy Clark
- Computer-Chemistry CentreDepartment of Chemistry and PharmacyFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergNaegelsbachstr. 2591052ErlangenGermany
| | - Manuel Melle‐Franco
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of MaterialsDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Aveiro3810-193AveiroPortugal
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular MaterialsFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Aurelio Mateo‐Alonso
- POLYMATUniversity of the Basque Country UPV/EHUAvenida de Tolosa 7220018Donostia-San SebastianSpain
- IkerbasqueBasque Foundation for ScienceBilbaoSpain
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7
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Glöcklhofer F, Stöger B, Fröhlich J. Synthesis of 1,2,5,6- and 1,4,5,8-anthracenetetrone: Building blocks for π-conjugated small molecules and polymers. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2018.1483027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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8
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Cortizo‐Lacalle D, Mora‐Fuentes JP, Strutyński K, Saeki A, Melle‐Franco M, Mateo‐Alonso A. Monodisperse N-Doped Graphene Nanoribbons Reaching 7.7 Nanometers in Length. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:703-708. [PMID: 29193535 PMCID: PMC5768023 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201710467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The properties of graphene nanoribbons are highly dependent on structural variables such as width, length, edge structure, and heteroatom doping. Therefore, atomic precision over all these variables is necessary for establishing their fundamental properties and exploring their potential applications. An iterative approach is presented that assembles a small and carefully designed molecular building block into monodisperse N-doped graphene nanoribbons with different lengths. To showcase this approach, the synthesis and characterisation of a series of nanoribbons constituted of 10, 20 and 30 conjugated linearly-fused rings (2.9, 5.3, and 7.7 nm in length, respectively) is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Cortizo‐Lacalle
- POLYMATUniversity of the Basque Country UPV/EHUAvenida de Tolosa 7220018 Donostia-San SebastianSpain
| | - Juan P. Mora‐Fuentes
- POLYMATUniversity of the Basque Country UPV/EHUAvenida de Tolosa 7220018 Donostia-San SebastianSpain
| | - Karol Strutyński
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of MaterialsDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Aveiro3810-193AveiroPortugal
| | - Akinori Saeki
- Department of Applied ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringOsaka UniversitySuitaOsaka565-0871Japan
| | - Manuel Melle‐Franco
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of MaterialsDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Aveiro3810-193AveiroPortugal
| | - Aurelio Mateo‐Alonso
- POLYMATUniversity of the Basque Country UPV/EHUAvenida de Tolosa 7220018 Donostia-San SebastianSpain
- IkerbasqueBasque Foundation for Science48011BilbaoSpain
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9
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Cortizo‐Lacalle D, Mora‐Fuentes JP, Strutyński K, Saeki A, Melle‐Franco M, Mateo‐Alonso A. Monodisperse N‐Doped Graphene Nanoribbons Reaching 7.7 Nanometers in Length. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201710467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Cortizo‐Lacalle
- POLYMATUniversity of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Avenida de Tolosa 72 20018 Donostia- San Sebastian Spain
| | - Juan P. Mora‐Fuentes
- POLYMATUniversity of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Avenida de Tolosa 72 20018 Donostia- San Sebastian Spain
| | - Karol Strutyński
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of MaterialsDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Aveiro 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Akinori Saeki
- Department of Applied ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringOsaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Manuel Melle‐Franco
- CICECO—Aveiro Institute of MaterialsDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Aveiro 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Aurelio Mateo‐Alonso
- POLYMATUniversity of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Avenida de Tolosa 72 20018 Donostia- San Sebastian Spain
- IkerbasqueBasque Foundation for Science 48011 Bilbao Spain
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10
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Langis-Barsetti S, Maris T, Wuest JD. Synthesis of Salts of 1,2,5,6- and 1,4,5,8-Naphthalenetetramine. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:6023-6030. [PMID: 31457854 PMCID: PMC6644813 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
1,2,5,6-Naphthalenetetramine (1a), its 1,4,5,8-isomer (2a), and their salts are valuable precursors for synthesizing nitrogen-containing arenes and other targets of interest. We describe how salts of tetramines 1a and 2a can be made from simple protected derivatives of 1,5-naphthalenediamine (2d) by sequences of regioselective dinitration, deprotection, and reduction. Various shortcomings of previously reported syntheses of tetramines 1a and 2a can thereby be avoided. In addition, we report structural studies that may help clarify the mechanism of nitration and resolve an earlier controversy about the regioselectivity observed in nitrations of derivatives of 1,5-naphthalenediamine (2d).
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11
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Mikie T, Kawashima K, Komeyama K, Yoshida H, Osaka I. Naphthobispyrazine as an Electron-deficient Building Unit for π-Conjugated Polymers: Efficient Synthesis and Polymer Properties. CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.170445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsubasa Mikie
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527
| | - Kazuaki Kawashima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527
| | - Kimihiro Komeyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527
| | - Hiroto Yoshida
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527
| | - Itaru Osaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527
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12
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Special photophysical properties of poly(2,11-diquinoxalinopyrene)s. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-017-1961-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Osaka I, Takimiya K. Naphthobischalcogenadiazole Conjugated Polymers: Emerging Materials for Organic Electronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1605218. [PMID: 28240796 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201605218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
π-Conjugated polymers are an important class of materials for organic electronics. In the past decade, numerous polymers with donor-acceptor molecular structures have been developed and used as the active materials for organic devices, such as organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) and organic photovoltaics (OPVs). The choice of the building unit is the primary step for designing the polymers. Benzochalcogenadiazoles (BXzs) are one of the most familiar acceptor building units studied in this area. As their doubly fused system, naphthobischalcogenadiazoles (NXzs), i.e., naphthobisthiadiazole (NTz), naphthobisoxadiazole (NOz), and naphthobisselenadiazole (NSz) are emerging building units that provide interesting electronic properties and highly self-assembling nature for π-conjugated polymers. With these fruitful features, π-conjugated polymers based on these building units demonstrate great performances in OFETs and OPVs. In particular, in OPVs, NTz-based polymers have exhibited more than 10% efficiency, which is among the highest values reported so far. In this Progress Report, the synthesis, properties, and structures of NXzs and their polymers is summarized. The device performance is also highlighted and the structure-property relationships of the polymers are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itaru Osaka
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kazuo Takimiya
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
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14
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Langis-Barsetti S, Maris T, Wuest JD. Molecular Organization of 2,1,3-Benzothiadiazoles in the Solid State. J Org Chem 2017; 82:5034-5045. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thierry Maris
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - James D. Wuest
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
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15
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Liu W, Luo X, Bao Y, Liu YP, Ning GH, Abdelwahab I, Li L, Nai CT, Hu ZG, Zhao D, Liu B, Quek SY, Loh KP. A two-dimensional conjugated aromatic polymer via C–C coupling reaction. Nat Chem 2017; 9:563-570. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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16
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Jiang L, Papageorgiou AC, Oh SC, Sağlam Ö, Reichert J, Duncan DA, Zhang YQ, Klappenberger F, Guo Y, Allegretti F, More S, Bhosale R, Mateo-Alonso A, Barth JV. Synthesis of Pyrene-Fused Pyrazaacenes on Metal Surfaces: Toward One-Dimensional Conjugated Nanostructures. ACS NANO 2016; 10:1033-41. [PMID: 26651905 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b06340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the synthesis of one-dimensional nanostructures via Schiff base (imine) formation on three close-packed coinage metal (Au, Ag, and Cu) surfaces under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. We demonstrate the feasibility of forming pyrene-fused pyrazaacene-based oligomers on the Ag(111) surface by thermal annealing of tetraketone and tetraamine molecules, which were designed to afford cyclocondensation products. Direct visualization by scanning tunneling microscopy of reactants, intermediates, and products with submolecular resolution and the analysis of their statistical distribution in dependence of stoichiometry and annealing temperature together with the inspection of complementary X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy signatures provide unique insight in the reaction mechanism, its limitations, and the role of the supporting substrate. In contrast to the reaction on Ag(111), the reactants desorb from the Au(111) surface before reacting, whereas they decompose on the Cu(111) surface during the relevant thermal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jiang
- Physik-Department E20, Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Anthoula C Papageorgiou
- Physik-Department E20, Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Seung Cheol Oh
- Physik-Department E20, Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Özge Sağlam
- Physik-Department E20, Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Joachim Reichert
- Physik-Department E20, Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - David A Duncan
- Physik-Department E20, Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Yi-Qi Zhang
- Physik-Department E20, Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Florian Klappenberger
- Physik-Department E20, Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- Physik-Department E20, Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Francesco Allegretti
- Physik-Department E20, Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Sandeep More
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU , Avenida de Tolosa 72, E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | | | - Aurelio Mateo-Alonso
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU , Avenida de Tolosa 72, E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Johannes V Barth
- Physik-Department E20, Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
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17
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Marco AB, Gozalvez C, Olano M, Sun X, Atxabal A, Melle-Franco M, Hueso LE, Mateo-Alonso A. Bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)-substituted pyrene-fused tetraazaheptacene: synthesis and properties. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:11616-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp07656k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterisation of pyrene-fused tetraazaheptacene that is constituted of two terminal pyrene units and a central tetraazaanthracene core are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Belén Marco
- POLYMAT
- University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU
- E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastián
- Spain
| | - Cristian Gozalvez
- POLYMAT
- University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU
- E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastián
- Spain
| | - Mikel Olano
- POLYMAT
- University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU
- E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastián
- Spain
| | | | | | | | - Luis E. Hueso
- CIC Nanogune
- E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastián
- Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science
- Bilbao
| | - Aurelio Mateo-Alonso
- POLYMAT
- University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU
- E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastián
- Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science
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18
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Marco AB, Cortizo-Lacalle D, Gozalvez C, Olano M, Atxabal A, Sun X, Melle-Franco M, Hueso LE, Mateo-Alonso A. An electron-conducting pyrene-fused phenazinothiadiazole. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:10754-7. [PMID: 26051680 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc03096j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A pyrene-fused phenazinothiadiazole that shows electron mobilities (μe = 0.016 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1)) two orders of magnitude higher than those reported for pyrene-fused pyrazaacenes is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Belen Marco
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain.
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19
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Chen L, Zhang K, Tang C, Zheng Q, Xiao Y. Controllable and Stepwise Synthesis of Soluble Ladder-Conjugated Bis(Perylene Imide) Fluorenebisimidazole as a Multifunctional Optoelectronic Material. J Org Chem 2015; 80:1871-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jo5028529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lingcheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory
of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Kaichen Zhang
- Harbin Institute
of Large Electrical Machinery, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Changquan Tang
- State Key Laboratory
of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure
of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Qingdong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory
of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure
of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory
of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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20
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Mateo-Alonso A. Pyrene-fused pyrazaacenes: from small molecules to nanoribbons. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:6311-24. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00119b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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21
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More S, Bhosale R, Mateo-Alonso A. Low-LUMO pyrene-fused azaacenes. Chemistry 2014; 20:10626-31. [PMID: 24677280 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201304461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A series of pyrene-fused azaacenes with four and six linearly fused rings that possess LUMO levels between -3.7 and -4.3 eV is reported. These LUMO values are remarkably lower than those typically observed for pyrene-fused azaacenes, even for systems with sixteen linearly fused rings, and are comparable to those observed for state-of-the-art n-azaacenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep More
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian (Spain); School of Soft Matter Research, Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 19, 79104 Freiburg (Germany); Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg (Germany)
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22
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More S, Choudhary S, Higelin A, Krossing I, Melle-Franco M, Mateo-Alonso A. Twisted pyrene-fused azaacenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:1976-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc48742c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Kulisic N, More S, Mateo-Alonso A. A tetraalkylated pyrene building block for the synthesis of pyrene-fused azaacenes with enhanced solubility. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 47:514-6. [PMID: 20972504 DOI: 10.1039/c0cc02249g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterisation of a soluble pyrene-fused tetraazaoctacene derivative has been achieved by developing a key pyrene-based building block with four solubilising groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niksa Kulisic
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, School of Soft Matter Research, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 19, D-79104 Freiburg i. Brsg., Germany
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24
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25
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Mateo-Alonso A, Kulisic N, Valenti G, Marcaccio M, Paolucci F, Prato M. Facile Synthesis of Highly Stable Tetraazaheptacene and Tetraazaoctacene Dyes. Chem Asian J 2010; 5:482-5. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.200900373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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26
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Fogel Y, Zhi L, Rouhanipour A, Andrienko D, Räder HJ, Müllen K. Graphitic Nanoribbons with Dibenzo[e,l]pyrene Repeat Units: Synthesis and Self-Assembly. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma901142g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Fogel
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Linjie Zhi
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Zhongguancun, Beiyitiao, 11, 100080 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ali Rouhanipour
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Denis Andrienko
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hans Joachim Räder
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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27
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Gao B, Wang M, Cheng Y, Wang L, Jing X, Wang F. Pyrazine-containing acene-type molecular ribbons with up to 16 rectilinearly arranged fused aromatic rings. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:8297-306. [PMID: 18540576 DOI: 10.1021/ja800311a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of acene-type conjugated molecules (1-5) containing 2-6 pyrazine units and up to 16 rectilinearly arranged fused aromatic rings were synthesized by condensation coupling of 1,2-diamines and 1,2-diketones. The energy gap of the molecules estimated from absorption edge decreases with an increase in molecular length, indicating the well-delocalized nature of the molecules. The cyclic voltammetry measurements suggest that the n-type properties of these ribbonlike pyrazine derivatives are dependent on the molecular length and the number of the pyrazine units. As the number of pyrazine units and the molecular length increase, the first reduction wave onset is shifted from -1.16 to -0.62 V (vs Ag/AgCl), corresponding to the LUMO energy levels of -3.24 and -3.78 eV, respectively. These molecules tend to aggregate in solution more readily with an increase in molecular length, as evident by (1)H NMR and UV-vis absorption spectra. Introduction of t-butyl groups in pyrene units can noticeably suppress the aggregation of these molecules in solution. High electron affinity, high environmental stability, and ease of structural modification make these compounds excellent candidates as a new class of n-type semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoxiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China
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28
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29
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Ma Y, Sun Y, Liu Y, Gao J, Chen S, Sun X, Qiu W, Yu G, Cui G, Hu W, Zhu D. Organic thin film transistors based on stable amorphous ladder tetraazapentacenes semiconductors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1039/b508594b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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Hu J, Zhang D, Harris FW. Ruthenium(III) Chloride Catalyzed Oxidation of Pyrene and 2,7-Disubstitued Pyrenes: An Efficient, One-Step Synthesis of Pyrene-4,5-diones and Pyrene-4,5,9,10-tetraones. J Org Chem 2005; 70:707-8. [PMID: 15651825 DOI: 10.1021/jo048509q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pyrene and 2,7-disubstituted pyrenes have been oxidized with ruthenium(III) chloride (RuCl3) and sodium periodate (NaIO4) under very mild conditions to 4,5-diones or 4,5,9,10-tetraones. Thus, the oxidation has been controlled by varying the amount of oxidant and reaction temperature to proceed exclusively at the pyrene 4- and 5-positions or at the 4-, 5-, 9-, and 10-positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Hu
- Maurice Morton Institute of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325 %
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31
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Gajiwala H, Zand R. Synthesis and characterization of thermally stable polymers containing phenazine. POLYMER 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(99)00371-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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32
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Electrochemical and spectroelectrocemical studies of dihydro-tetra-azapentacene as a model of polyazaacene. Electrochim Acta 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0013-4686(95)00277-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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