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Xu P, Wang XY, Wang Z, Zhao J, Cao XD, Xiong XC, Yuan YC, Zhu S, Guo D, Zhu X. Defluorinative Alkylation of Trifluoromethylbenzimidazoles Enabled by Spin-Center Shift: A Synergistic Photocatalysis/Thiol Catalysis Process with CO 2•. Org Lett 2022; 24:4075-4080. [PMID: 35648621 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We describe a catalytic strategy for direct single C(sp3)-F bond alkylation of trifluoromethylbenzimidazoles under a photoinduced thiol catalysis process. The CO2 radical anion (CO2•-) proved to be the most efficient single-electron reductant to realize such a transformation. The spin-center shift of the generated radical anion intermediate is the key step in realizing C-F bond activation under mild conditions with high efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Xing-Yu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Zhijuan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering (SCME), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jinjin Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering (SCME), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xu-Dong Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Xiong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Yu-Chao Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Songlei Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Dong Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Xu Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, China
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2
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Trabanco AA, Bartolomé JM, Cid JM. mGluR2 positive allosteric modulators: an updated patent review (2013-2018). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2019; 29:497-507. [PMID: 31242055 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2019.1637421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Positive allosteric modulation of mGlu2 has attracted much interest as an alternative approach to classical orthosteric receptor activation. Two mGlu2 PAMS have advanced into the clinic. The results obtained in schizophrenia and MDD phase 2 clinical trials have tempered the high expectations put on selective mGlu2 receptor activation for treating these conditions; nevertheless, the search for novel therapeutic indications and novel chemotypes continues to be an active field of research. AREAS COVERED 2013-2018 patent literature on mGlu2 receptor PAMs. EXPERT OPINION After a decade of intensive research, the mGlu2 PAM field has seen a deceleration in the last five years. Negative phase 2 schizophrenia clinical trials with JNJ-40411813 and AZD8529 seem to have tempered the high expectations of the scientific community on the utility of mGlu2 PAMs for the treatment of schizophrenia. Nevertheless, novel therapeutic indications continue to be explored and AZD8529 is currently in a phase 2 study for smoking cessation. The advances in medicinal chemistry and in pharmacology, with novel indications such as epilepsy, have set the stage in the field of mGlu2 receptor PAMs. Ongoing preclinical and clinical studies will contribute to define their optimal therapeutic indication and potential to become novel therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés A Trabanco
- a Discovery Chemistry , Janssen Research and Development, a division of Janssen-Cilag S.A ., Toledo , Spain
| | - José Manuel Bartolomé
- a Discovery Chemistry , Janssen Research and Development, a division of Janssen-Cilag S.A ., Toledo , Spain
| | - José María Cid
- a Discovery Chemistry , Janssen Research and Development, a division of Janssen-Cilag S.A ., Toledo , Spain
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3
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Liu S, Huang Y, Qing FL, Xu XH. Transition-Metal-Free Decarboxylation of 3,3,3-Trifluoro-2,2-dimethylpropanoic Acid for the Preparation of C(CF3)Me2-Containing Heteroarenes. Org Lett 2018; 20:5497-5501. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Lu, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yangen Huang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Lu, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Feng-Ling Qing
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Lu, Shanghai 201620, China
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiu-Hua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
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Lemos A, Melo R, Preto AJ, Almeida JG, Moreira IS, Cordeiro MNDS. In Silico Studies Targeting G-protein Coupled Receptors for Drug Research Against Parkinson's Disease. Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 16:786-848. [PMID: 29521236 PMCID: PMC6080095 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x16666180308161642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a long-term neurodegenerative brain disorder that mainly affects the motor system. The causes are still unknown, and even though currently there is no cure, several therapeutic options are available to manage its symptoms. The development of novel antiparkinsonian agents and an understanding of their proper and optimal use are, indeed, highly demanding. For the last decades, L-3,4-DihydrOxyPhenylAlanine or levodopa (L-DOPA) has been the gold-standard therapy for the symptomatic treatment of motor dysfunctions associated to PD. However, the development of dyskinesias and motor fluctuations (wearing-off and on-off phenomena) associated with long-term L-DOPA replacement therapy have limited its antiparkinsonian efficacy. The investigation for non-dopaminergic therapies has been largely explored as an attempt to counteract the motor side effects associated with dopamine replacement therapy. Being one of the largest cell membrane protein families, G-Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) have become a relevant target for drug discovery focused on a wide range of therapeutic areas, including Central Nervous System (CNS) diseases. The modulation of specific GPCRs potentially implicated in PD, excluding dopamine receptors, may provide promising non-dopaminergic therapeutic alternatives for symptomatic treatment of PD. In this review, we focused on the impact of specific GPCR subclasses, including dopamine receptors, adenosine receptors, muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, metabotropic glutamate receptors, and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors, on the pathophysiology of PD and the importance of structure- and ligand-based in silico approaches for the development of small molecules to target these receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agostinho Lemos
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007Porto, Portugal
- GIGA Cyclotron Research Centre In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, 4000Liège, Belgium
| | - Rita Melo
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-517Coimbra, Portugal
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10 (ao km 139,7), 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Antonio Jose Preto
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-517Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jose Guilherme Almeida
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-517Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Irina Sousa Moreira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-517Coimbra, Portugal
- Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science - Chemistry, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584CH, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Natalia Dias Soeiro Cordeiro
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007Porto, Portugal
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5
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Cavalluzzi MM, Mangiatordi GF, Nicolotti O, Lentini G. Ligand efficiency metrics in drug discovery: the pros and cons from a practical perspective. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2017; 12:1087-1104. [PMID: 28814111 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2017.1365056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ligand efficiency metrics are almost universally accepted as a valuable indicator of compound quality and an aid to reduce attrition. Areas covered: In this review, the authors describe ligand efficiency metrics giving a balanced overview on their merits and points of weakness in order to enable the readers to gain an informed opinion. Relevant theoretical breakthroughs and drug-like properties are also illustrated. Several recent exemplary case studies are discussed in order to illustrate the main fields of application of ligand efficiency metrics. Expert opinion: As a medicinal chemist guide, ligand efficiency metrics perform in a context- and chemotype-dependent manner; thus, they should not be used as a magic box. Since the 'big bang' of efficiency metrics occurred more or less ten years ago and the average time to develop a new drug is over the same period, the next few years will give a clearer outlook on the increased rate of success, if any, gained by means of these new intriguing tools.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Orazio Nicolotti
- a Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences , University of Bari Aldo Moro , Bari , Italy
| | - Giovanni Lentini
- a Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences , University of Bari Aldo Moro , Bari , Italy
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6
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Jin C, Ma S. Recent advances in the medicinal chemistry of group II and group III mGlu receptors. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:501-515. [PMID: 30108768 PMCID: PMC6072351 DOI: 10.1039/c6md00612d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlu receptors) belong to the G-protein-coupled receptors superfamily. They are divided into three groups, in which group II and group III belong to presynaptic receptors that negatively modulate glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) release when activated. In this review, we introduce not only the functions of mGlu receptors, but also the group II and group III allosteric modulators and agonists/antagonists reported over the past five years according to a classification of their structures, with a specific focus on their biological activity and selectivity. In particular, the structure of these compounds and the future directions of ideal candidates are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaobin Jin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , 44, West Culture Road , Jinan 250012 , P.R. China .
| | - Shutao Ma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , 44, West Culture Road , Jinan 250012 , P.R. China .
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7
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Lindsley CW, Emmitte KA, Hopkins CR, Bridges TM, Gregory KJ, Niswender CM, Conn PJ. Practical Strategies and Concepts in GPCR Allosteric Modulator Discovery: Recent Advances with Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors. Chem Rev 2016; 116:6707-41. [PMID: 26882314 PMCID: PMC4988345 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Allosteric modulation of GPCRs has initiated a new era of basic and translational discovery, filled with therapeutic promise yet fraught with caveats. Allosteric ligands stabilize unique conformations of the GPCR that afford fundamentally new receptors, capable of novel pharmacology, unprecedented subtype selectivity, and unique signal bias. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the basics of GPCR allosteric pharmacology, medicinal chemistry, drug metabolism, and validated approaches to address each of the major challenges and caveats. Then, the review narrows focus to highlight recent advances in the discovery of allosteric ligands for metabotropic glutamate receptor subtypes 1-5 and 7 (mGlu1-5,7) highlighting key concepts ("molecular switches", signal bias, heterodimers) and practical solutions to enable the development of tool compounds and clinical candidates. The review closes with a section on late-breaking new advances with allosteric ligands for other GPCRs and emerging data for endogenous allosteric modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig W. Lindsley
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Kyle A. Emmitte
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, Texas 76107, United States
| | - Corey R. Hopkins
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Thomas M. Bridges
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Karen J. Gregory
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Colleen M. Niswender
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - P. Jeffrey Conn
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
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8
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Pero JE, Rossi MA, Kelly MJ, Lehman HGF, Layton ME, Garbaccio RM, O’Brien JA, Magliaro BC, Uslaner J, Huszar SL, Fillgrove KL, Tang C, Kuo Y, Joyce LA, Sherer E, Jacobson MA. Optimization of Novel Aza-benzimidazolone mGluR2 PAMs with Respect to LLE and PK Properties and Mitigation of CYP TDI. ACS Med Chem Lett 2016; 7:312-7. [PMID: 26985321 PMCID: PMC4789683 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5b00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigation of a novel amino-aza-benzimidazolone structural class of positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 (mGluR2) identified [2.2.2]-bicyclic amine 12 as an intriguing lead structure due to its promising physicochemical properties and lipophilic ligand efficiency (LLE). Further optimization led to chiral amide 18, which exhibited strong in vitro activity and attractive pharmacokinetic (PK) properties. Hypothesis-driven target design identified compound 21 as a potent, highly selective, orally bioavailable mGluR2 PAM, which addressed a CYP time-dependent inhibition (TDI) liability of 18, while maintaining excellent drug-like properties with robust in vivo activity in a clinically validated model of antipsychotic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E. Pero
- Departments
of Medicinal Chemistry, In Vitro Sciences, Psychiatry Research, Central Pharmacology, Drug Metabolism, Process and Analytical
Chemistry, and Structural Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 4, Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Michael A. Rossi
- Departments
of Medicinal Chemistry, In Vitro Sciences, Psychiatry Research, Central Pharmacology, Drug Metabolism, Process and Analytical
Chemistry, and Structural Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 4, Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Michael J. Kelly
- Departments
of Medicinal Chemistry, In Vitro Sciences, Psychiatry Research, Central Pharmacology, Drug Metabolism, Process and Analytical
Chemistry, and Structural Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 4, Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Hannah
D. G. F. Lehman
- Departments
of Medicinal Chemistry, In Vitro Sciences, Psychiatry Research, Central Pharmacology, Drug Metabolism, Process and Analytical
Chemistry, and Structural Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 4, Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Mark E. Layton
- Departments
of Medicinal Chemistry, In Vitro Sciences, Psychiatry Research, Central Pharmacology, Drug Metabolism, Process and Analytical
Chemistry, and Structural Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 4, Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Robert M. Garbaccio
- Departments
of Medicinal Chemistry, In Vitro Sciences, Psychiatry Research, Central Pharmacology, Drug Metabolism, Process and Analytical
Chemistry, and Structural Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 4, Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Julie A. O’Brien
- Departments
of Medicinal Chemistry, In Vitro Sciences, Psychiatry Research, Central Pharmacology, Drug Metabolism, Process and Analytical
Chemistry, and Structural Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 4, Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Brian C. Magliaro
- Departments
of Medicinal Chemistry, In Vitro Sciences, Psychiatry Research, Central Pharmacology, Drug Metabolism, Process and Analytical
Chemistry, and Structural Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 4, Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Jason
M. Uslaner
- Departments
of Medicinal Chemistry, In Vitro Sciences, Psychiatry Research, Central Pharmacology, Drug Metabolism, Process and Analytical
Chemistry, and Structural Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 4, Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Sarah L. Huszar
- Departments
of Medicinal Chemistry, In Vitro Sciences, Psychiatry Research, Central Pharmacology, Drug Metabolism, Process and Analytical
Chemistry, and Structural Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 4, Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Kerry L. Fillgrove
- Departments
of Medicinal Chemistry, In Vitro Sciences, Psychiatry Research, Central Pharmacology, Drug Metabolism, Process and Analytical
Chemistry, and Structural Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 4, Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Cuyue Tang
- Departments
of Medicinal Chemistry, In Vitro Sciences, Psychiatry Research, Central Pharmacology, Drug Metabolism, Process and Analytical
Chemistry, and Structural Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 4, Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Yuhsin Kuo
- Departments
of Medicinal Chemistry, In Vitro Sciences, Psychiatry Research, Central Pharmacology, Drug Metabolism, Process and Analytical
Chemistry, and Structural Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 4, Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Leo A. Joyce
- Departments
of Medicinal Chemistry, In Vitro Sciences, Psychiatry Research, Central Pharmacology, Drug Metabolism, Process and Analytical
Chemistry, and Structural Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 4, Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Edward
C. Sherer
- Departments
of Medicinal Chemistry, In Vitro Sciences, Psychiatry Research, Central Pharmacology, Drug Metabolism, Process and Analytical
Chemistry, and Structural Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 4, Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Marlene A. Jacobson
- Departments
of Medicinal Chemistry, In Vitro Sciences, Psychiatry Research, Central Pharmacology, Drug Metabolism, Process and Analytical
Chemistry, and Structural Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 4, Sumneytown Pike, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
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Layton ME, Reif AJ, Hartingh TJ, Rodzinak K, Dudkin V, Wang C, Arrington K, Kelly MJ, Garbaccio RM, O’Brien JA, Magliaro BC, Uslaner JM, Huszar SL, Fillgrove KL, Tang C, Kuo Y, Jacobson MA. Discovery of 5-aryl-1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-ones as positive allosteric modulators of metabotropic glutamate subtype-2 (mGlu2) receptors with efficacy in a preclinical model of psychosis. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:1260-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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10
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Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 2 Activators. SMALL MOLECULE THERAPEUTICS FOR SCHIZOPHRENIA 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/7355_2014_48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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11
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Trabanco AA, Cid JM. mGluR2 positive allosteric modulators: a patent review (2009 - present). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2013; 23:629-47. [PMID: 23452205 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2013.777043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The mGlu2 receptor, which belongs to the group II subfamily of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlu) along with the mGlu3 receptor, has proven to be of particular importance in neuropharmacology. Preferentially expressed on presynaptic nerve terminals, the mGlu2 receptor negatively modulates glutamate and GABA release and is widely distributed in the brain. High levels of mGlu2 receptors are seen in brain areas such as prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and amygdala where glutamate hyperfunction may be implicated in disorders and diseases such as anxiety and schizophrenia. Given the promise offered by mGlu2/3 receptor activation, there is increased interest in identifying small molecules which activate the receptor. A preferred approach is via positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) which bind at an alternative site to agonists. AREAS COVERED This review covers the patent applications which were published between April 2009 and December 2012 on PAMs of the mGlu2, and it is a continuation of an earlier review published in this journal. EXPERT OPINION Advances in medicinal chemistry and pharmacology have set the stage in the field of mGlu2 receptor PAMs. Compounds currently advancing in clinical trials will soon establish the therapeutic potential of this allosteric approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés A Trabanco
- Janssen Research and Development, Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry Department, Toledo, Spain.
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12
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Sidique S, Dhanya RP, Sheffler DJ, Nickols HH, Yang L, Dahl R, Mangravita-Novo A, Smith LH, D'Souza MS, Semenova S, Conn PJ, Markou A, Cosford NDP. Orally active metabotropic glutamate subtype 2 receptor positive allosteric modulators: structure-activity relationships and assessment in a rat model of nicotine dependence. J Med Chem 2012; 55:9434-45. [PMID: 23009245 DOI: 10.1021/jm3005306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Compounds that modulate metabotropic glutamate subtype 2 (mGlu(2)) receptors have the potential to treat several disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) including drug dependence. Herein we describe the synthesis and structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies around a series of mGlu(2) receptor positive allosteric modulators (PAMs). The effects of N-substitution (R(1)) and substitutions on the aryl ring (R(2)) were identified as key areas for SAR exploration (Figure 3). Investigation of the effects of varying substituents in both the isoindolinone (2) and benzisothiazolone (3) series led to compounds with improved in vitro potency and/or efficacy. In addition, several analogues exhibited promising pharmacokinetic (PK) properties. Furthermore, compound 2 was shown to dose-dependently decrease nicotine self-administration in rats following oral administration. Our data, showing for the first time efficacy of an mGlu(2) receptor PAM in this in vivo model, suggest potential utility for the treatment of nicotine dependence in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyama Sidique
- Apoptosis and Cell Death Research Program, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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13
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Fell MJ, McKinzie DL, Monn JA, Svensson KA. Group II metabotropic glutamate receptor agonists and positive allosteric modulators as novel treatments for schizophrenia. Neuropharmacology 2012; 62:1473-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2011] [Revised: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Cid JM, Duvey G, Tresadern G, Nhem V, Furnari R, Cluzeau P, Vega JA, de Lucas AI, Matesanz E, Alonso JM, Linares ML, Andrés JI, Poli SM, Lutjens R, Himogai H, Rocher JP, Macdonald GJ, Oehlrich D, Lavreysen H, Ahnaou A, Drinkenburg W, Mackie C, Trabanco AA. Discovery of 1,4-disubstituted 3-cyano-2-pyridones: a new class of positive allosteric modulators of the metabotropic glutamate 2 receptor. J Med Chem 2012; 55:2388-405. [PMID: 22364337 DOI: 10.1021/jm2016864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The discovery and characterization of compound 48, a selective and in vivo active mGlu2 receptor positive allosteric modulator (PAM), are described. A key to the discovery was the rational exploration of the initial HTS hit 13 guided by an overlay model built with reported mGlu2 receptor PAM chemotypes. The initial weak in vitro activity of the hit 13 was quickly improved, although compounds still had suboptimal druglike properties. Subsequent modulation of the physicochemical properties resulted in compounds having a more balanced profile, combining good potency and in vivo pharmacokinetic properties. Final refinement by addressing cardiovascular safety liabilities led to the discovery of compound 48. Besides good potency, selectivity, and ADME properties, compound 48 displayed robust in vivo activity in a sleep-wake electroencephalogram (sw-EEG) assay consistent with mGlu2 receptor activation, in accordance with previous work from our laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose María Cid
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen-Cilag S.A., Jarama 75, 45007-Toledo, Spain.
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15
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Sheffler DJ, Pinkerton AB, Dahl R, Markou A, Cosford NDP. Recent progress in the synthesis and characterization of group II metabotropic glutamate receptor allosteric modulators. ACS Chem Neurosci 2011; 2:382-93. [PMID: 22860167 DOI: 10.1021/cn200008d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Accepted: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Group II metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors consist of the metabotropic glutamate 2 (mGlu(2)) and metabotropic glutamate 3 (mGlu(3)) receptor subtypes which modulate glutamate transmission by second messenger activation to negatively regulate the activity of adenylyl cyclase. Excessive accumulation of glutamate in the perisynaptic extracellular region triggers mGlu(2) and mGlu(3) receptors to inhibit further release of glutamate. There is growing evidence that the modulation of glutamatergic neurotransmission by small molecule modulators of Group II mGlu receptors has significant potential for the treatment of several neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. This review provides an overview of recent progress on the synthesis and pharmacological characterization of positive and negative allosteric modulators of the Group II mGlu receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas J. Sheffler
- Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Anthony B. Pinkerton
- Apoptosis and Cell Death Research Program and Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Russell Dahl
- Apoptosis and Cell Death Research Program and Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Athina Markou
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Nicholas D. P. Cosford
- Apoptosis and Cell Death Research Program and Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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16
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Zhang L, Brodney MA, Candler J, Doran AC, Duplantier AJ, Efremov IV, Evrard E, Kraus K, Ganong AH, Haas JA, Hanks AN, Jenza K, Lazzaro JT, Maklad N, McCarthy SA, Qian W, Rogers BN, Rottas MD, Schmidt CJ, Siuciak JA, Tingley FD, Zhang AQ. 1-[(1-Methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)methyl]-4-phenylpiperidines as mGluR2 Positive Allosteric Modulators for the Treatment of Psychosis. J Med Chem 2011; 54:1724-39. [DOI: 10.1021/jm101414h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Michael A. Brodney
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - John Candler
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Angela C. Doran
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Allen J. Duplantier
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Ivan V. Efremov
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Edel Evrard
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Kenneth Kraus
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Alan H. Ganong
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jessica A. Haas
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Ashley N. Hanks
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Keith Jenza
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - John T. Lazzaro
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Noha Maklad
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Sheryl A. McCarthy
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Weimin Qian
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Bruce N. Rogers
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Melinda D. Rottas
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Christopher J. Schmidt
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Judith A. Siuciak
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - F. David Tingley
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Andy Q. Zhang
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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17
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Trabanco AA, Duvey G, Cid JM, Macdonald GJ, Cluzeau P, Nhem V, Furnari R, Behaj N, Poulain G, Finn T, Poli S, Lavreysen H, Raux A, Thollon Y, Poirier N, D'Addona D, Andrés JI, Lutjens R, Le Poul E, Imogai H, Rocher JP. New positive allosteric modulators of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 (mGluR2). Identification and synthesis of N-propyl-5-substituted isoquinolones. MEDCHEMCOMM 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0md00200c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
N-propyl-5-substituted isoquinolones were identified as mGluR2 PAMs via high-throughput screening (HTS). Initial SAR exploration led to the identification of compound 20.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés A. Trabanco
- Medicinal Chemistry
- Janssen Research & Development
- Janssen-Cilag S.A
- Polígono Industrial
- Toledo
| | | | - José María Cid
- Medicinal Chemistry
- Janssen Research & Development
- Janssen-Cilag S.A
- Polígono Industrial
- Toledo
| | - Gregor J. Macdonald
- Medicinal Chemistry
- Janssen Research & Development
- Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V
- Beerse
- Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hilde Lavreysen
- Neuroscience
- Janssen Research & Development
- Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V
- Beerse
- Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | - José Ignacio Andrés
- Medicinal Chemistry
- Janssen Research & Development
- Janssen-Cilag S.A
- Polígono Industrial
- Toledo
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