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Zhang Y, Liu Y, Liu Y, Zuo P, Miao S, Hu B, Kang Y, Liu W, Yang Q, Ren H, Yang P. α-Helix-Mediated Protein Adhesion. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:17125-17135. [PMID: 37505921 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Proteins have been adopted by natural living organisms to create robust bioadhesive materials, such as biofilms and amyloid plaques formed in microbes and barnacles. In these cases, β-sheet stacking is recognized as a key feature that is closely related to the interfacial adhesion of proteins. Herein, we challenge this well-known recognition by proposing an α-helix-mediated interfacial adhesion model for proteins. By using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model protein, it was discovered that the reduction of disulfide bonds in BSA results in random coils from unfolded BSA dragging α-helices to gather at the solid/liquid interface (SLI). The hydrophobic residues in the α-helix then expose and break through the hydration layer of the SLI, followed by the random deposition of hydrophilic and hydrophobic residues to achieve interfacial adhesion. As a result, the first assembled layer is enriched in the α-helix secondary structure, which is then strengthened by intermolecular disulfide bonds and further initiates stepwise layering protein assembly. In this process, β-sheet stacking is transformed from the α-helix in a gradually evolving manner. This finding thus indicates a valuable clue that β-sheet-featuring amyloid may form after the interfacial adhesion of proteins. Furthermore, the finding of the α-helix-mediated interfacial adhesion model of proteins affords a unique strategy to prepare protein nanofilms with a well-defined layer number, presenting robust and modulable adhesion on various substrates and exhibiting good resistance to acid, alkali, organic solvent, ultrasonic, and adhesive tape peeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yongchun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yonggang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Ping Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Shuting Miao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Bowen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yu Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Qingmin Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Hao Ren
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
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2
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Lotfi M, Ghafouri H, Sarikhan S, Shahangian SS, Darvishi R. Cloning, prokaryotic expression, and functional characterization of a novel 70-kDa heat shock protein (DnaK) from Bacillus persicus. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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3
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Ahangarpour M, Kavianinia I, Harris PWR, Brimble MA. Photo-induced radical thiol-ene chemistry: a versatile toolbox for peptide-based drug design. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:898-944. [PMID: 33404559 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00354a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
While the global market for peptide/protein-based therapeutics is witnessing significant growth, the development of peptide drugs remains challenging due to their low oral bioavailability, poor membrane permeability, and reduced metabolic stability. However, a toolbox of chemical approaches has been explored for peptide modification to overcome these obstacles. In recent years, there has been a revival of interest in photoinduced radical thiol-ene chemistry as a powerful tool for the construction of therapeutic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Ahangarpour
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
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4
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Molecular cloning, expression, and functional characterization of 70-kDa heat shock protein, DnaK, from Bacillus halodurans. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 137:151-159. [PMID: 31260773 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.06.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we report cloning, sequencing, and functional characterization dnaK gene of B. halodurans that is the central component in cellular network of molecular chaperones. The 3D structures of DnaK obtained by I-TASSER server showed that the overall structures of DnaK from B. halodurans and human HSP70 chaperone BiP are very similar with a homology of 88.8%. The purified recombinant DnaK consists of a His-tag at C-terminus and show a band on approximately 70-kDa region in SDS-PAGE. The resultant refolding assay revealed that the refolding rate was considerably improved by the addition of the novel DnaK chaperone for the refolding of heat-denatured carbonic anhydrase. Also, salt resistance experiments indicated that E. coli + DnaK survival had enhanced by 4.4-fold as compared with control cells in 0.4 M NaCl. The number of E. coli + DnaK colonies was 2.5-fold higher than control colonies in pH 9.5. We showed that DnaK refolding functions were decreased by increasing Cd2+ in nanomolar concentrations. Hg2+ had a biphasic effect on recombinant DnaK refolding function: inhibition at low and stimulation at high concentrations. It was concluded that the DnaK from B. halodurans can potentially be employed for improving functional properties of proteins in various applications.
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5
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Sabaratnam K, Renner M, Paesen G, Harlos K, Nair V, Owens RJ, Grimes JM. Insights from the crystal structure of the chicken CREB3 bZIP suggest that members of the CREB3 subfamily transcription factors may be activated in response to oxidative stress. Protein Sci 2019; 28:779-787. [PMID: 30653278 PMCID: PMC6423718 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
cAMP response element binding Protein 3 (CREB3) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane‐bound transcription factor, which belongs to the basic leucine zipper (bZIP) superfamily of eukaryotic transcription factors. CREB3 plays a role in the ER‐stress induced unfolded protein response (UPR) and is a multifunctional cellular factor implicated in a number of biological processes including cell proliferation and migration, tumor suppression, and immune‐related gene expression. To gain structural insights into the transcription factor, we determined the crystal structure of the conserved bZIP domain of chicken CREB3 (chCREB3) to a resolution of 3.95 Å. The X‐ray structure provides evidence that chCREB3 can form a stable homodimer. The chCREB3 bZIP has a structured, pre‐formed DNA binding region, even in the absence of DNA, a feature that could potentially enhance both the DNA binding specificity and affinity of chCREB3. Significantly, the homodimeric bZIP possesses an intermolecular disulfide bond that connects equivalent cysteine residues of the parallel helices in the leucine zipper region. This disulfide bond in the hydrophobic core of the bZIP may increase the stability of the homodimer under oxidizing conditions. Moreover, sequence alignment of bZIP sequences from chicken, human, and mouse reveals that only members of the CREB3 subfamily contain this cysteine residue, indicating that it could act as a redox‐sensor. Taken together, these results suggest that the activity of these transcription factors may be redox‐regulated and they may be activated in response to oxidative stress. PDB Code(s): 6IAK
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshalini Sabaratnam
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, United Kingdom.,The Pirbright Institute, Woking, Guildford, Surrey, GU24 0NF, United Kingdom
| | - Max Renner
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Guido Paesen
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Karl Harlos
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Venugopal Nair
- The Pirbright Institute, Woking, Guildford, Surrey, GU24 0NF, United Kingdom
| | - Raymond J Owens
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, United Kingdom.,The Research Complex at Harwell, Oxfordshire, OX11 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan M Grimes
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, United Kingdom.,Diamond Light Source Limited, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
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6
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Chagas R, Laia CA, Ferreira RB, Ferreira LM. Sulfur dioxide induced aggregation of wine thaumatin-like proteins: Role of disulfide bonds. Food Chem 2018; 259:166-174. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.03.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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7
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Cates CC, Arias AD, Nakayama Wong LS, Lamé MW, Sidorov M, Cayanan G, Rowland DJ, Fung J, Karpel-Massler G, Siegelin MD, Greene LA, Angelastro JM. Regression/eradication of gliomas in mice by a systemically-deliverable ATF5 dominant-negative peptide. Oncotarget 2017; 7:12718-30. [PMID: 26863637 PMCID: PMC4914317 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant gliomas have poor prognosis and urgently require new therapies. Activating Transcription Factor 5 (ATF5) is highly expressed in gliomas, and interference with its expression/function precipitates targeted glioma cell apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. We designed a novel deliverable truncated-dominant-negative (d/n) form of ATF5 fused to a cell-penetrating domain (Pen-d/n-ATF5-RP) that can be intraperitoneally/subcutaneously administered to mice harboring malignant gliomas generated; (1) by PDGF-B/sh-p53 retroviral transformation of endogenous neural progenitor cells; and (2) by human U87-MG xenografts. In vitro Pen-d/n-ATF5-RP entered into glioma cells and triggered massive apoptosis. In vivo, subcutaneously-administered Pen-d/n-ATF5-RP passed the blood brain barrier, entered normal brain and tumor cells, and then caused rapid selective tumor cell death. MRI verified elimination of retrovirus-induced gliomas within 8-21 days. Histopathology revealed growth-suppression of intracerebral human U87-MG cells xenografts. For endogenous PDGF-B gliomas, there was no recurrence or mortality at 6-12 months versus 66% mortality in controls at 6 months. Necropsy and liver-kidney blood enzyme analysis revealed no adverse effects on brain or other tissues. Our findings thus identify Pen-d/n-ATF5-RP as a potential therapy for malignant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles C Cates
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA.,Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Angelo D Arias
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA.,Moores-UCSD Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lynn S Nakayama Wong
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Michael W Lamé
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Maxim Sidorov
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Geraldine Cayanan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Jennifer Fung
- Center for Molecular Genomic Imaging, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Georg Karpel-Massler
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Markus D Siegelin
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lloyd A Greene
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - James M Angelastro
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
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8
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Hernández IH, Torres-Peraza J, Santos-Galindo M, Ramos-Morón E, Fernández-Fernández MR, Pérez-Álvarez MJ, Miranda-Vizuete A, Lucas JJ. The neuroprotective transcription factor ATF5 is decreased and sequestered into polyglutamine inclusions in Huntington's disease. Acta Neuropathol 2017; 134:839-850. [PMID: 28861715 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-017-1770-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Activating transcription factor-5 (ATF5) is a stress-response transcription factor induced upon different cell stressors like fasting, amino-acid limitation, cadmium or arsenite. ATF5 is also induced, and promotes transcription of anti-apoptotic target genes like MCL1, during the unfolded protein response (UPR) triggered by endoplasmic reticulum stress. In the brain, high ATF5 levels are found in gliomas and also in neural progenitor cells, which need to decrease their ATF5 levels for differentiation into mature neurons or glia. This initially led to believe that ATF5 is not expressed in adult neurons. More recently, we reported basal neuronal ATF5 expression in adult mouse brain and its neuroprotective induction during UPR in a mouse model of status epilepticus. Here we aimed to explore whether ATF5 is also expressed by neurons in human brain both in basal conditions and in Huntington's disease (HD), where UPR has been described to be partially impaired due to defective ATF6 processing. Apart from confirming that ATF5 is present in human adult neurons, here we report accumulation of ATF5 within the characteristic polyglutamine-containing neuronal nuclear inclusions in brains of HD patients and mice. This correlates with decreased levels of soluble ATF5 and of its antiapoptotic target MCL1. We then confirmed the deleterious effect of ATF5 deficiency in a Caenorhabditis elegans model of polyglutamine-induced toxicity. Finally, ATF5 overexpression attenuated polyglutamine-induced apoptosis in a cell model of HD. These results reflect that decreased ATF5 in HD-probably secondary to sequestration into inclusions-renders neurons more vulnerable to mutant huntingtin-induced apoptosis and that ATF5-increasing interventions might have therapeutic potential for HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivó H Hernández
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO) CSIC/UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Torres-Peraza
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO) CSIC/UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Gerència d'Atenció Primària del Servei de Salut de les Illes Balears (IB-SALUT), Palma, Spain
| | - María Santos-Galindo
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO) CSIC/UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eloísa Ramos-Morón
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - M Rosario Fernández-Fernández
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO) CSIC/UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María J Pérez-Álvarez
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO) CSIC/UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Miranda-Vizuete
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - José J Lucas
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO) CSIC/UAM, Madrid, Spain.
- Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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9
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Guarracino DA, Alabanza AM, Robertson CT, Sanghvi SS. The role of primary sequence in helical control compared across shortα- andβ3-peptides. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2014; 33:597-605. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2014.897260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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10
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Góngora-Benítez M, Tulla-Puche J, Albericio F. Multifaceted Roles of Disulfide Bonds. Peptides as Therapeutics. Chem Rev 2013; 114:901-26. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400031z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 388] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Góngora-Benítez
- Institute
for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, 08028 Spain
- CIBER-BBN, Barcelona Science
Park, Barcelona, 08028 Spain
| | - Judit Tulla-Puche
- Institute
for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, 08028 Spain
- CIBER-BBN, Barcelona Science
Park, Barcelona, 08028 Spain
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Institute
for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, 08028 Spain
- CIBER-BBN, Barcelona Science
Park, Barcelona, 08028 Spain
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028 Spain
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 4001 Durban, South Africa
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11
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Castellanos MM, Colina CM. Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Human Serum Albumin and Role of Disulfide Bonds. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:11895-905. [DOI: 10.1021/jp402994r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Monica Castellanos
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Coray M. Colina
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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12
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13
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Hisatomi O, Takeuchi K, Zikihara K, Ookubo Y, Nakatani Y, Takahashi F, Tokutomi S, Kataoka H. Blue Light-Induced Conformational Changes in a Light-Regulated Transcription Factor, Aureochrome-1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 54:93-106. [DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcs160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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14
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Ciaccio NA, Reynolds TS, Middaugh CR, Laurence JS. Influence of the valine zipper region on the structure and aggregation of the basic leucine zipper (bZIP) domain of activating transcription factor 5 (ATF5). Mol Pharm 2012; 9:3190-9. [PMID: 23067245 DOI: 10.1021/mp300288n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein aggregation is a major problem for biopharmaceuticals. While the control of aggregation is critically important for the future of protein pharmaceuticals, mechanisms of aggregate assembly, particularly the role that structure plays, are still poorly understood. Increasing evidence indicates that partially folded intermediates critically influence the aggregation pathway. We have previously reported the use of the basic leucine zipper (bZIP) domain of activating transcription factor 5 (ATF5) as a partially folded model system to investigate protein aggregation. This domain contains three regions with differing structural propensity: a N-terminal polybasic region, a central helical leucine zipper region, and a C-terminal extended valine zipper region. Additionally, a centrally positioned cysteine residue readily forms an intermolecular disulfide bond that reduces aggregation. Computational analysis of ATF5 predicts that the valine zipper region facilitates self-association. Here we test this hypothesis using a truncated mutant lacking the C-terminal valine zipper region. We compare the structure and aggregation of this mutant to the wild-type (WT) form under both reducing and nonreducing conditions. Our data indicate that removal of this region results in a loss of α-helical structure in the leucine zipper and a change in the mechanism of self-association. The mutant form displays increased association at low temperature but improved resistance to thermally induced aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A Ciaccio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
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15
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Kim DY, Kandalaft H, Ding W, Ryan S, van Faassen H, Hirama T, Foote SJ, MacKenzie R, Tanha J. Disulfide linkage engineering for improving biophysical properties of human VH domains. Protein Eng Des Sel 2012; 25:581-9. [PMID: 22942392 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzs055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To enhance their therapeutic potential, human antibody heavy chain variable domains (V(H)s) would benefit from increased thermostability. The highly conserved disulfide linkage that connects Cys23 and Cys104 residues in the core of V(H) domains is crucial to their stability and function. It has previously been shown that the introduction of a second disulfide linkage can increase the thermostability of camelid heavy-chain antibody variable domains (V(H)Hs). Using four model domains we demonstrate that this strategy is also applicable to human V(H) domains. The introduced disulfide linkage, formed between Cys54 and Cys78 residues, increased the thermostability of V(H)s by 14-18°C. In addition, using a novel hexa-histidine capture technology, circular dichroism, turbidity, size exclusion chromatography and multiangle light scattering measurements, we demonstrate reduced V(H) aggregation in domains with the Cys54-Cys78 disulfide linkage. However, we also found that the engineered disulfide linkage caused conformational changes, as indicated by reduced binding of the V(H)s to protein A. This indicates that it may be prudent to use the synthetic V(H) libraries harboring the engineered disulfide linkage before screening for affinity reagents. Such strategies may increase the number of thermostable binders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Young Kim
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0R6
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16
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Abstract
Protein aggregation underlies the development of an increasing number of conformational human diseases of growing incidence, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Furthermore, the accumulation of recombinant proteins as intracellular aggregates represents a critical obstacle for the biotechnological production of polypeptides. Also, ordered protein aggregates constitute novel and versatile nanobiomaterials. Consequently, there is an increasing interest in the development of methods able to forecast the aggregation properties of polypeptides in order to modulate their intrinsic solubility. In this context, we have developed AGGRESCAN, a simple and fast algorithm that predicts aggregation-prone segments in protein sequences, compares the aggregation properties of different proteins or protein sets and analyses the effect of mutations on protein aggregation propensities.
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Lee HJ, McAuley A, Schilke KF, McGuire J. Molecular origins of surfactant-mediated stabilization of protein drugs. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2011; 63:1160-71. [PMID: 21763375 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2011.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Revised: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Loss of activity through aggregation and surface-induced denaturation is a significant problem in the production, formulation and administration of therapeutic proteins. Surfactants are commonly used in upstream and downstream processing and drug formulation. However, the effectiveness of a surfactant strongly depends on its mechanism(s) of action and properties of the protein and interfaces. Surfactants can modulate adsorption loss and aggregation by coating interfaces and/or participating in protein-surfactant associations. Minimizing protein loss from colloidal and interfacial interaction requires a fundamental understanding of the molecular factors underlying surfactant effectiveness and mechanism. These concepts provide direction for improvements in the manufacture and finishing of therapeutic proteins. We summarize the roles of surfactants, proteins, and surfactant-protein complexes in modulating interfacial behavior and aggregation. These events depend on surfactant properties that may be quantified using a thermodynamic model, to provide physical/chemical direction for surfactant selection or design, and to effectively reduce aggregation and adsorption loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jin Lee
- School of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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18
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Arias A, Lamé MW, Santarelli L, Hen R, Greene LA, Angelastro JM. Regulated ATF5 loss-of-function in adult mice blocks formation and causes regression/eradication of gliomas. Oncogene 2011; 31:739-51. [PMID: 21725368 PMCID: PMC3277917 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastomas are among the most incurable cancers. Our past findings indicated that glioblastoma cells, but not neurons or glia, require the transcription factor ATF5 (activating transcription factor 5) for survival. However, it was unknown whether interference with ATF5 function can prevent or promote regression/eradication of malignant gliomas in vivo. To address this issue, we created a mouse model by crossing a human glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) promoter-tetracycline transactivator mouse line with tetracycline operon-dominant negative-ATF5 (d/n-ATF5) mice to establish bi-transgenic mice. In this model, d/n-ATF5 expression is controlled by doxycycline and the promoter for GFAP, a marker for stem/progenitor cells as well as gliomas. Endogenous gliomas were produced with high efficiency by retroviral delivery of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-B and p53-short hairpin RNA (shRNA) in adult bi-transgenic mice in which expression of d/n-ATF5 was spatially and temporally regulated. Induction of d/n-ATF5 before delivery of PDGF-B/p53-shRNA virus greatly reduced the proportion of mice that formed tumors. Moreover, d/n-ATF5 induction after tumor formation led to regression/eradication of detectable gliomas without evident damage to normal brain cells in all 24 mice assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Arias
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Li G, Xu Y, Guan D, Liu Z, Liu DX. HSP70 protein promotes survival of C6 and U87 glioma cells by inhibition of ATF5 degradation. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:20251-9. [PMID: 21521685 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.211771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Although both the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and the activating transcription factor 5 (ATF5) have been shown to promote cell survival of transformed cells but not survival of non-transformed cells, the relationship of the two molecules is unknown. Here we show that HSP70 and ATF5 are concomitantly up-regulated upon transient but down-regulated over prolonged cellular stress and apoptotic stimulation in the rat C6 glioma and human U87 glioma cells. HSP70 interacts strongly with the N-terminal activation domain of ATF5, which is expected to be rigid and uniquely structured under physiological conditions because of extraordinary high concentration (over 25%) of proline residues. Binding of HSP70 to ATF5 is an ATP-driven process and requires functional ATPase on the nucleotide binding domain of the HSP70 molecule. Overexpression of HSP70 dramatically stabilizes the ATF5 protein, which is otherwise subject to rapid degradation, facilitated by both proteasome-dependent and caspase-dependent processes, whereas HSP70 depletion leads to acceleration of ATF5 degradation and transcription repression of Bcl-2 and Egr-1, which are downstream targets of ATF5 in C6 and U87 glioma cells. Our data reveal an essential role for HSP70 in maintaining high levels of ATF5 expression in glioma cells and support the conclusion that ATF5 is an important substrate protein of HSP70 that mediates HSP70-promoted cell survival in glioma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangfu Li
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
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Skinner AL, Laurence JS. Probing residue-specific interactions in the stabilization of proteins using high-resolution NMR: a study of disulfide bond compensation. J Pharm Sci 2010; 99:2643-54. [PMID: 20187138 DOI: 10.1002/jps.22055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that the oxidation state of cysteine residues in proteins is critical to overall physical stability. Disulfide bonds most often impart thermodynamic stability, but in some cases, diminish it. Predicting the circumstances that lead to each outcome is difficult because mechanistic information is lacking. Because the techniques typically used to study protein stability do not provide sufficient detail, high-resolution NMR was used in combination with low-resolution analysis to obtain mechanistic information regarding disulfide bond formation in a model protein. T(m) (CD) and T(onset) (SLS) for the reduced and oxidized wild type and C104S and C49S mutants were measured. The mutant proteins have altered T(m)s and T(onset)s compared to the reduced wild type, indicating that differences in local interactions of the Cys side chains are important for stability. The NMR spectra clearly show distinct differences in the chemical environment surrounding these Cys residues and the overall tertiary structure. The C49S protein, which is less stable and more aggregation prone than reduced wild type, lacks a hydrogen bond between Y53 and H103. Increased flexibility of the Y53-containing loop is correlated with increased dynamics and unraveling of alpha2, which likely leads to edge strand initiated aggregation of the central beta-sheet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andria L Skinner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Multidisciplinary Research Building, The University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, USA
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