1
|
Bahmani Jalali H, De Trizio L, Manna L, Di Stasio F. Indium arsenide quantum dots: an alternative to lead-based infrared emitting nanomaterials. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:9861-9881. [PMID: 36408788 PMCID: PMC9743785 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00490a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Colloidal quantum dots (QDs) emitting in the infrared (IR) are promising building blocks for numerous photonic, optoelectronic and biomedical applications owing to their low-cost solution-processability and tunable emission. Among them, lead- and mercury-based QDs are currently the most developed materials. Yet, due to toxicity issues, the scientific community is focusing on safer alternatives. In this regard, indium arsenide (InAs) QDs are one of the best candidates as they can absorb and emit light in the whole near infrared spectral range and they are RoHS-compliant, with recent trends suggesting that there is a renewed interest in this class of materials. This review focuses on colloidal InAs QDs and aims to provide an up-to-date overview spanning from their synthesis and surface chemistry to post-synthesis modifications. We provide a comprehensive overview from initial synthetic methods to the most recent developments on the ability to control the size, size distribution, electronic properties and carrier dynamics. Then, we describe doping and alloying strategies applied to InAs QDs as well as InAs based heterostructures. Furthermore, we present the state-of-the-art applications of InAs QDs, with a particular focus on bioimaging and field effect transistors. Finally, we discuss open challenges and future perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Houman Bahmani Jalali
- Photonic Nanomaterials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy.
- Nanochemistry, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Luca De Trizio
- Nanochemistry, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Liberato Manna
- Nanochemistry, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Stasio
- Photonic Nanomaterials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Piwoński H, Nozue S, Habuchi S. The Pursuit of Shortwave Infrared-Emitting Nanoparticles with Bright Fluorescence through Molecular Design and Excited-State Engineering of Molecular Aggregates. ACS NANOSCIENCE AU 2022; 2:253-283. [PMID: 37102065 PMCID: PMC10125152 DOI: 10.1021/acsnanoscienceau.1c00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Shortwave infrared (SWIR) fluorescence detection gradually becomes a pivotal real-time imaging modality, allowing one to elucidate biological complexity in deep tissues with subcellular resolution. The key challenge for the further growth of this imaging modality is the design of new brighter biocompatible fluorescent probes. This review summarizes the recent progress in the development of organic-based nanomaterials with an emphasis on new strategies that extend the fluorescence wavelength from the near-infrared to the SWIR spectral range and amplify the fluorescence brightness. We first introduce the most representative molecular design strategies to obtain near-infrared-SWIR wavelength fluorescence emission from small organic molecules. We then discuss how the formation of nanoparticles based on small organic molecules contributes to the improvement of fluorescence brightness and the shift of fluorescence to SWIR, with a special emphasis on the excited-state engineering of molecular probes in an aggregate state and spatial packing of the molecules in nanoparticles. We build our discussion based on a historical perspective on the photophysics of molecular aggregates. We extend this discussion to nanoparticles made of conjugated polymers and discuss how fluorescence characteristics could be improved by molecular design and chain conformation of the polymer molecules in nanoparticles. We conclude the article with future directions necessary to expand this imaging modality to wider bioimaging applications including single-particle deep tissue imaging. Issues related to the characterization of SWIR fluorophores, including fluorescence quantum yield unification, are also mentioned.
Collapse
|
3
|
Jasrasaria D, Weinberg D, Philbin JP, Rabani E. Simulations of nonradiative processes in semiconductor nanocrystals. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:020901. [PMID: 35840368 DOI: 10.1063/5.0095897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The description of carrier dynamics in spatially confined semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs), which have enhanced electron-hole and exciton-phonon interactions, is a great challenge for modern computational science. These NCs typically contain thousands of atoms and tens of thousands of valence electrons with discrete spectra at low excitation energies, similar to atoms and molecules, that converge to the continuum bulk limit at higher energies. Computational methods developed for molecules are limited to very small nanoclusters, and methods for bulk systems with periodic boundary conditions are not suitable due to the lack of translational symmetry in NCs. This perspective focuses on our recent efforts in developing a unified atomistic model based on the semiempirical pseudopotential approach, which is parameterized by first-principle calculations and validated against experimental measurements, to describe two of the main nonradiative relaxation processes of quantum confined excitons: exciton cooling and Auger recombination. We focus on the description of both electron-hole and exciton-phonon interactions in our approach and discuss the role of size, shape, and interfacing on the electronic properties and dynamics for II-VI and III-V semiconductor NCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dipti Jasrasaria
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Daniel Weinberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - John P Philbin
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Eran Rabani
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hiroi T, Samitsu S, Kano H, Ishioka K. Calibration for a count rate-dependent time correlation function and a random noise reduction in pulsed dynamic light scattering. ANAL SCI 2022; 38:607-611. [PMID: 35286629 PMCID: PMC8971174 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-022-00071-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A pulsed dynamic light scattering (DLS) system, which would be potentially applied to nonlinear DLS with molecular selectivity, was developed by combining a sub-nanosecond pulsed laser with a software-based detection system. The distortion of the time correlation function due to the clipping effect in the photon counting module, and the resulting underestimation of the particle size, were successfully calibrated based on a theoretical simulation. The effective removal of random noises was also demonstrated via time gating synchronized to the laser pulses.
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu L, Septianto RD, Bisri SZ, Ishida Y, Aida T, Iwasa Y. Evidence of band filling in PbS colloidal quantum dot square superstructures. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:14001-14007. [PMID: 34477680 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr09189h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
PbS square superstructures are formed by the oriented assembly of PbS quantum dots (QDs), reflecting the facet structures of each QD. In the square assembly, the quantum dots are highly oriented, in sharp contrast to the conventional hexagonal QD assemblies, in which the orientation of QDs is highly disordered, and each QD is connected through ligand molecules. Here, we measured the transport properties of the oriented assembly of PbS square superstructures. The combined electrochemical doping studies by electric double layer transistor (EDLT) and spectroelectrochemistry showed that more than fourteen electrons per quantum dot are introduced. Furthermore, we proved that the lowest conduction band is formed by the quasi-fourth degenerate quantized (1Se) level in the PbS QD square superstructures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liming Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kim Y, Hu Z, Avdeev ID, Singh A, Singh A, Chandrasekaran V, Nestoklon MO, Goupalov SV, Hollingsworth JA, Htoon H. Interplay of Bright Triplet and Dark Excitons Revealed by Magneto-Photoluminescence of Individual PbS/CdS Quantum Dots. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2006977. [PMID: 33690965 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202006977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A low-temperature polarization-resolved magneto-photoluminescence experiment is performed on individual PbS/CdS core/shell quantum dots (QDs). The experiment enables a direct measurement of the exciton Landé g factor and the anisotropic zero-field splitting of the lowest emissive bright exciton triplet in PbS/CdS QDs. While anisotropic splittings of individual QDs distribute randomly in 104-325 μeV range, the exciton Landé g factors increase from 0.95 to 2.70 as the emission energy of the QD increases from 1.0 to 1.2 eV. The tight-binding calculations allow to rationalize these trends as a direct consequence of reducing a cubic symmetry of QD via addition/removal of a few (<70) atoms from the surfaces of the PbS core. Furthermore, it is observed that while right (σ + ) and left (σ - ) circularly polarized photoluminescence (PL) peaks split linearly with magnetic field as expected for Zeeman effect, the energy splitting between X and Y linearly polarized PL peaks remains nearly unchanged. The theoretical study reveals rich and complex magnetic field-induced interplay of bright triplet and dark exciton states explaining this puzzling behavior. These findings fill the missing gaps in the understanding of lead salt QDs and provide foundation for development of classical and quantum light sources operating at telecommunication wavelengths.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Younghee Kim
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Zhongjian Hu
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | | | - Ajay Singh
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Amita Singh
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Vigneshwaran Chandrasekaran
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | | | - Serguei V Goupalov
- Ioffe Institute, St. Petersburg, 194021, Russia
- Department of Physics, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
| | - Jennifer A Hollingsworth
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Han Htoon
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Krishnamurthy S, Singh A, Hu Z, Blake AV, Kim Y, Singh A, Dolgopolova EA, Williams DJ, Piryatinski A, Malko AV, Htoon H, Sykora M, Hollingsworth JA. PbS/CdS Quantum Dot Room-Temperature Single-Emitter Spectroscopy Reaches the Telecom O and S Bands via an Engineered Stability. ACS NANO 2021; 15:575-587. [PMID: 33381968 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c05907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We synthesized PbS/CdS core/shell quantum dots (QDs) to have functional single-emitter properties for room-temperature, solid-state operation in the telecom O and S bands. Two shell-growth methods-cation exchange and successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR)-were employed to prepare QD heterostructures with shells of 2-16 monolayers. PbS/CdS QDs were sufficiently bright and stable to resolve photoluminescence (PL) spectra representing both bands from single nanocrystals using standard detection methods, and for a QD emitting in the O-band a second-order correlation function showed strong photon antibunching, important steps toward demonstrating the utility of lead chalcogenide QDs as single-photon emitters (SPEs). Irrespective of type, few telecom-SPEs exist that are capable of such room-temperature operation. Access to single-QD spectra enabled a direct assessment of spectral line width, which was ∼70-90 meV compared to much broader ensemble spectra (∼300 meV). We show inhomogeneous broadening results from dispersity in PbS core sizes that increases dramatically with extended cation exchange. Quantum yields (QYs) are negatively impacted at thick shells (>6 monolayers) and, especially, by SILAR-growth conditions. Time-resolved PL measurements revealed that, with SILAR, initially single-exponential PL-decays transition to biexponential, with opening of nonradiative carrier-recombination channels. Radiative decay times are, overall, longer for core/shell QDs compared to PbS cores, which we demonstrate can be partially attributed to some core/shell sizes occupying a quasi-type II electron-hole localization regime. Finally, we demonstrate that shell engineering and the use of lower laser-excitation powers can afford significantly suppressed blinking and photobleaching. However, dependence on shell thickness comes at a cost of less-than-optimal brightness, with implications for both materials and experimental design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sachidananda Krishnamurthy
- Materials Physics and Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos 87545, New Mexico, United States
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson 75080, Texas, United States
| | - Ajay Singh
- Materials Physics and Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos 87545, New Mexico, United States
| | - Zhongjian Hu
- Materials Physics and Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos 87545, New Mexico, United States
| | - Anastasia V Blake
- Materials Physics and Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos 87545, New Mexico, United States
| | - Younghee Kim
- Materials Physics and Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos 87545, New Mexico, United States
| | - Amita Singh
- Materials Physics and Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos 87545, New Mexico, United States
| | - Ekaterina A Dolgopolova
- Materials Physics and Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos 87545, New Mexico, United States
| | - Darrick J Williams
- Materials Physics and Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos 87545, New Mexico, United States
| | - Andrei Piryatinski
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos 87545, New Mexico, United States
| | - Anton V Malko
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson 75080, Texas, United States
| | - Han Htoon
- Materials Physics and Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos 87545, New Mexico, United States
| | - Milan Sykora
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos 87545, New Mexico, United States
- Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Comenius University, Bratislava 84104, Slovakia
| | - Jennifer A Hollingsworth
- Materials Physics and Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos 87545, New Mexico, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hu Z, Kim Y, Krishnamurthy S, Avdeev ID, Nestoklon MO, Singh A, Malko AV, Goupalov SV, Hollingsworth JA, Htoon H. Intrinsic Exciton Photophysics of PbS Quantum Dots Revealed by Low-Temperature Single Nanocrystal Spectroscopy. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:8519-8525. [PMID: 31714793 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
With a tunable size-dependent photoluminescence (PL) over a wide infrared wavelength range, lead chalcogenide quantum dots (QDs) have attracted significant scientific and technological interest. Nevertheless, the investigation of intrinsic exciton photophysics at the single-QD level has remained a challenge. Herein, we present a comprehensive study of PL properties for the individual core/shell PbS/CdS QDs emissive near 1.0 eV. In contrast to the sub-meV spectral line widths observed for II/VI QDs, PbS/CdS QDs are predicted to possess broad homogeneous line widths. Performing spectroscopy at cryogenic (4 K) temperatures, we provide direct evidence confirming theoretical predictions, showing that intrinsic line widths for PbS/CdS QDs are in the range of 8-25 meV, with an average of 16.4 meV. In addition, low-temperature, single-QD spectroscopy reveals a broad low-energy side emission attributable to optical as well as localized acoustic phonon-assisted transitions. By tracking single QDs from 4 to 250 K, we were able to probe temperature-dependent evolutions of emission energy, line width, and line shape. Finally, polarization-resolved PL imaging showed that PbS/CdS QDs are characterized by a 3D emission dipole, in contrast with the 2D dipole observed for CdSe QDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjian Hu
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Material Physics and Applications Division , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| | - Younghee Kim
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Material Physics and Applications Division , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| | - Sachidananda Krishnamurthy
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Material Physics and Applications Division , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
- Department of Physics , The University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson , Texas 75080 , United States
| | | | | | - Ajay Singh
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Material Physics and Applications Division , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| | - Anton V Malko
- Department of Physics , The University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson , Texas 75080 , United States
| | - Serguei V Goupalov
- Ioffe Institute , 194021 St. Petersburg , Russia
- Department of Physics , Jackson State University , Jackson , Mississippi 39217 , United States
| | - Jennifer A Hollingsworth
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Material Physics and Applications Division , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| | - Han Htoon
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Material Physics and Applications Division , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Elsinger L, Gourgues R, Zadeh IE, Maes J, Guardiani A, Bulgarini G, Pereira SF, Dorenbos SN, Zwiller V, Hens Z, Van Thourhout D. Integration of Colloidal PbS/CdS Quantum Dots with Plasmonic Antennas and Superconducting Detectors on a Silicon Nitride Photonic Platform. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:5452-5458. [PMID: 31313928 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b01948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Single-photon sources and detectors are indispensable building blocks for integrated quantum photonics, a research field that is seeing ever increasing interest for numerous applications. In this work, we implemented essential components for a quantum key distribution transceiver on a single photonic chip. Plasmonic antennas on top of silicon nitride waveguides provide Purcell enhancement with a concurrent increase of the count rate, speeding up the microsecond radiative lifetime of IR-emitting colloidal PbS/CdS quantum dots (QDs). The use of low-fluorescence silicon nitride, with a waveguide loss smaller than 1 dB/cm, made it possible to implement high extinction ratio optical filters and low insertion loss spectrometers. Waveguide-coupled superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors allow for low time-jitter single-photon detection. To showcase the performance of the components, we demonstrate on-chip lifetime spectroscopy of PbS/CdS QDs. The method developed in this paper is predicted to scale down to single QDs, and newly developed emitters can be readily integrated on the chip-based platform.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Elsinger
- Photonics Research Group , Ghent University - imec , 9052 Ghent , Belgium
- NB Photonics , Ghent University , 9052 Ghent , Belgium
| | | | - Iman E Zadeh
- Optics Research Group , Delft University of Technology , 2628 CJ Delft , The Netherlands
| | - Jorick Maes
- NB Photonics , Ghent University , 9052 Ghent , Belgium
- Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures Group , Ghent University , 9000 Ghent , Belgium
| | | | | | - Silvania F Pereira
- Optics Research Group , Delft University of Technology , 2628 CJ Delft , The Netherlands
| | | | - Val Zwiller
- Department of Applied Physics , KTH , Stockholm 106 91 , Sweden
| | - Zeger Hens
- NB Photonics , Ghent University , 9052 Ghent , Belgium
- Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures Group , Ghent University , 9000 Ghent , Belgium
| | - Dries Van Thourhout
- Photonics Research Group , Ghent University - imec , 9052 Ghent , Belgium
- NB Photonics , Ghent University , 9052 Ghent , Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bertram SN, Spokoyny B, Franke D, Caram JR, Yoo JJ, Murphy RP, Grein ME, Bawendi MG. Single Nanocrystal Spectroscopy of Shortwave Infrared Emitters. ACS NANO 2019; 13:1042-1049. [PMID: 30500155 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b07578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Short-wave infrared (SWIR) emitters are at the center of ground-breaking applications in biomedical imaging, next-generation optoelectronic devices, and optical communications. Colloidal nanocrystals based on indium arsenide are some of the most promising SWIR emitters to date. However, the lack of single-particle spectroscopic methods accessible in the SWIR has prevented advances in both nanocrystal synthesis and fundamental characterization of emitters. Here, we demonstrate an implementation of a solution photon correlation Fourier spectroscopy (s-PCFS) experiment utilizing the SWIR sensitivity and time resolution of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors to extract single-particle emission linewidths from colloidal indium arsenide/cadmium selenide (InAs/CdSe) core/shell nanocrystals emissive from 1.2 to 1.6 μm. We show that the average single InAs/CdSe nanocrystal fluorescence linewidth is, remarkably, as narrow as 52 meV, similar to what has been observed in some of the most narrowband nanostructured emitters in the visible region. Additionally, the single nanocrystal fluorescence linewidth increases with increasing shell thickness, suggesting exciton-phonon coupling as the dominant emission line-broadening mechanism in this system. The development of the SWIR s-PCFS technique has enabled measurements of spectral linewidths of colloidal SWIR-emissive NCs in solution and provides a platform to study the single NC spectral characteristics of SWIR emitters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie N Bertram
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Boris Spokoyny
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Daniel Franke
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Justin R Caram
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Los Angeles , 607 Charles E Young Drive E , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Jason J Yoo
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Ryan P Murphy
- MIT Lincoln Laboratory , 244 Wood Street , Lexington , Massachusetts 02421 , United States
| | - Matthew E Grein
- MIT Lincoln Laboratory , 244 Wood Street , Lexington , Massachusetts 02421 , United States
| | - Moungi G Bawendi
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lu H, Carroll GM, Neale NR, Beard MC. Infrared Quantum Dots: Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities. ACS NANO 2019; 13:939-953. [PMID: 30648854 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b09815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Infrared technologies provide tremendous value to our modern-day society. The need for easy-to-fabricate, solution-processable, tunable infrared active optoelectronic materials has driven the development of infrared colloidal quantum dots, whose band gaps can readily be tuned by dimensional constraints due to the quantum confinement effect. In this Perspective, we summarize recent progress in the development of infrared quantum dots both as infrared light emitters ( e.g., in light-emitting diodes, biological imaging, etc.) as well as infrared absorbers ( e.g., in photovoltaics, solar fuels, photon up-conversion, etc.), focusing on how fundamental breakthroughs in synthesis, surface chemistry, and characterization techniques are facilitating the implementation of these nanostructures into exploratory device architectures as well as in emerging applications. We discuss the ongoing challenges and opportunities associated with infrared colloidal quantum dots.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Lu
- Chemistry & Nanoscience Center , National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
| | - Gerard M Carroll
- Chemistry & Nanoscience Center , National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
| | - Nathan R Neale
- Chemistry & Nanoscience Center , National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
| | - Matthew C Beard
- Chemistry & Nanoscience Center , National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Light–Matter Interaction of Single Quantum Emitters with Dielectric Nanostructures. PHOTONICS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics5020014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
13
|
Li X, McNaughter PD, O'Brien P, Minamimoto H, Murakoshi K. Plasmonically enhanced electromotive force of narrow bandgap PbS QD-based photovoltaics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:14818-14827. [PMID: 29780991 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00767e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Electromotive force of photovoltaics is a key to define the output power density of photovoltaics. Multiple exciton generation (MEG) exhibited by semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) has great potential to enhance photovoltaic performance owing to the ability to generate more than one electron-hole pairs when absorbing a single photon. However, even in MEG-based photovoltaics, limitation of modifying the electromotive force exists due to the intrinsic electrochemical potential of the conduction band-edges of QDs. Here we report a pronouncedly improved photovoltaic performance by constructing a PbS QD-sensitized electrode that comprises plasmon-active Au nanoparticles embedded in a titanium dioxide thin film. Significant enhancement on electromotive force is characterized by the onset potential of photocurrent generation using MEG-effective PbS QDs with a narrow bandgap energy (Eg = 0.9 eV). By coupling with localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), such QDs exhibit improved photoresponses and the highest output power density over the other QDs with larger bandgap energies (Eg = 1.1 and 1.7 eV) under visible light irradiation. The wavelength-dependent onset potential and the output power density suggest effective electron injection owing to the enhanced density of electrons excited by energy overlapping between MEG and LSPR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ghimire S, Biju V. Relations of exciton dynamics in quantum dots to photoluminescence, lasing, and energy harvesting. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
15
|
Chen JS, Zang H, Li M, Cotlet M. Hot excitons are responsible for increasing photoluminescence blinking activity in single lead sulfide/cadmium sulfide nanocrystals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:495-498. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc08356d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The kinetics of PL blinking for isolated PbS/CdS nanocrystals changes with the photon excitation energy, with PL blinking increasing in frequency and changing from a two-state to a multistate on/off switching when the excitation energy changes from 1Sh–1Se (≈1.4 eV) to 1Ph–1Pe (≈2.4 eV).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Shiang Chen
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials
- Brookhaven National Laboratory
- Upton
- USA
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering
| | - Huidong Zang
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials
- Brookhaven National Laboratory
- Upton
- USA
| | - Mingxing Li
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials
- Brookhaven National Laboratory
- Upton
- USA
| | - Mircea Cotlet
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials
- Brookhaven National Laboratory
- Upton
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zang H, Routh PK, Meng Q, Cotlet M. Electron transfer dynamics from single near infrared emitting lead sulfide-cadmium sulfide nanocrystals to titanium dioxide. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:14664-14671. [PMID: 28937699 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr03500d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study we report the first successful demonstration of electron transfer between single near infrared emitting PbS/CdS nanocrystals and an external acceptor, titanium dioxide (TiO2). We demonstrate distance-dependent electron transfer from single nanocrystals to TiO2 and explore the effect of this process on the photoluminescence dynamics of these nanocrystals. Isolated PbS/CdS QDs are found to exhibit blinking dynamics similar to other nanocrystals like CdSe/ZnS; however, their photoluminescence follows a quasi two-state pattern with heterogeneous photoluminescence lifetimes which may be the result of their emission originating from different energy states. Electron transfer of these nanocrystals with an external acceptor inhibits their photoluminescence lifetime heterogeneity and biases their blinking dynamics in a manner similar to that observed for visible emitting CdSe/ZnS nanocrystals undergoing electron transfer with external acceptors. While the present study reconfirms the universality of quantum dot blinking among various types of nanocrystals, it also demonstrates that universality remains valid for the communication of various types of nanocrystals with the exterior world, here pictured as electron transfer with external acceptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huidong Zang
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials at Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hanson CJ, Hartmann NF, Singh A, Ma X, DeBenedetti WJI, Casson JL, Grey JK, Chabal YJ, Malko AV, Sykora M, Piryatinski A, Htoon H, Hollingsworth JA. Giant PbSe/CdSe/CdSe Quantum Dots: Crystal-Structure-Defined Ultrastable Near-Infrared Photoluminescence from Single Nanocrystals. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:11081-11088. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b03705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina J. Hanson
- Materials
Physics and Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Nicolai F. Hartmann
- Materials
Physics and Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Ajay Singh
- Materials
Physics and Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Xuedan Ma
- Materials
Physics and Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | | | - Joanna L. Casson
- Chemistry
Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - John K. Grey
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Yves J. Chabal
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Anton V. Malko
- Department
of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Milan Sykora
- Chemistry
Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Andrei Piryatinski
- Theoretical
Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Han Htoon
- Materials
Physics and Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Jennifer A. Hollingsworth
- Materials
Physics and Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Xie Z, Lefier Y, Suarez MA, Mivelle M, Salut R, Merolla JM, Grosjean T. Doubly Resonant Photonic Antenna for Single Infrared Quantum Dot Imaging at Telecommunication Wavelengths. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:2152-2158. [PMID: 28339208 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b04403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) have drawn strong interest in the past for their high prospects in scientific, medical, and industrial applications. However, the full characterization of these quantum emitters is currently restricted to the visible wavelengths, and it remains a key challenge to optically probe single CQDs operating in the infrared spectral domain, which is targeted by a growing number of applications. Here, we report the first experimental detection and imaging at room temperature of single infrared CQDs operating at telecommunication wavelengths. Imaging was done with a doubly resonant bowtie nanoaperture antenna (BNA) written at the end of a fiber nanoprobe, whose resonances spectrally fit the CQD absorption and emission wavelengths. Direct near-field characterization of PbS CQDs reveal individual nanocrystals with a spatial resolution of 75 nm (λ/20) together with their intrinsic 2D dipolar free-space emission properties and exciton dynamics (blinking phenomenon). Because the doubly resonant BNA is strongly transmissive at both the CQD absorption and the emission wavelengths, we are able to perform all-fiber nanoimaging with a standard 20% efficiency InGaAs avalanche photodiode (APD). The detection efficiency is predicted to be 3000 fold larger than with a conventional circular aperture tip of the same transmission area. Double resonance BNA fiber probes thus offer the possibility of exploring extreme light-matter interaction in low band gap CQDs with current plug-and-play detection techniques, opening up new avenues in the fields of infrared light-emitting devices, photodetectors, telecommunications, bioimaging, and quantum information technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Xie
- Optics Department, FEMTO-ST Institute UMR 6174, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, CNRS , 25030 Besançon, France
| | - Yannick Lefier
- Optics Department, FEMTO-ST Institute UMR 6174, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, CNRS , 25030 Besançon, France
| | - Miguel Angel Suarez
- Optics Department, FEMTO-ST Institute UMR 6174, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, CNRS , 25030 Besançon, France
| | - Mathieu Mivelle
- Optics Department, FEMTO-ST Institute UMR 6174, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, CNRS , 25030 Besançon, France
| | - Roland Salut
- Optics Department, FEMTO-ST Institute UMR 6174, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, CNRS , 25030 Besançon, France
| | - Jean-Marc Merolla
- Optics Department, FEMTO-ST Institute UMR 6174, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, CNRS , 25030 Besançon, France
| | - Thierry Grosjean
- Optics Department, FEMTO-ST Institute UMR 6174, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, CNRS , 25030 Besançon, France
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Jensen RA, Coropceanu I, Chen Y, Bawendi MG. Thermal Recovery of Colloidal Quantum Dot Ensembles Following Photoinduced Dimming. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:2933-2937. [PMID: 26267184 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b00989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal CdSe quantum dot (QD) core ensembles were photodimmed and allowed to recover in the dark using ambient thermal energy at a range of temperatures. Nonlinear thermal recovery is well described by a stretched exponential function, and further analysis yields an underlying probability distribution of rate constants. Casting the rate constants as a collection of first-order activated processes provides an activation barrier probability distribution with significant density at room-temperature thermal energy that peaks at 200 meV before decaying to zero. This treatment for the recovery transition intuitively describes the distributed kinetics observed and complements commonly proposed blinking mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Russell A Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Igor Coropceanu
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Moungi G Bawendi
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Supran GJ, Song KW, Hwang GW, Correa RE, Scherer J, Dauler EA, Shirasaki Y, Bawendi MG, Bulović V. High-performance shortwave-infrared light-emitting devices using core-shell (PbS-CdS) colloidal quantum dots. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:1437-42. [PMID: 25639896 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201404636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Core-shell PbS-CdS quantum dots enhance the peak external quantum efficiency of shortwave-infrared light-emitting devices by up to 50-100-fold (compared with core-only PbS devices). This is more than double the efficiency of previous quantum-dot light-emitting devices operating at wavelengths beyond 1 μm, and results from the passivation of the PbS cores by the CdS shells against in situ photoluminescence quenching.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey J Supran
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bischof TS, Correa RE, Rosenberg D, Dauler EA, Bawendi MG. Measurement of emission lifetime dynamics and biexciton emission quantum yield of individual InAs colloidal nanocrystals. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:6787-91. [PMID: 25402837 DOI: 10.1021/nl502180w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas S Bischof
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Beyler AP, Bischof TS, Cui J, Coropceanu I, Harris DK, Bawendi MG. Sample-averaged biexciton quantum yield measured by solution-phase photon correlation. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:6792-8. [PMID: 25409496 PMCID: PMC4346255 DOI: 10.1021/nl5027953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The brightness of nanoscale optical materials such as semiconductor nanocrystals is currently limited in high excitation flux applications by inefficient multiexciton fluorescence. We have devised a solution-phase photon correlation measurement that can conveniently and reliably measure the average biexciton-to-exciton quantum yield ratio of an entire sample without user selection bias. This technique can be used to investigate the multiexciton recombination dynamics of a broad scope of synthetically underdeveloped materials, including those with low exciton quantum yields and poor fluorescence stability. Here, we have applied this method to measure weak biexciton fluorescence in samples of visible-emitting InP/ZnS and InAs/ZnS core/shell nanocrystals, and to demonstrate that a rapid CdS shell growth procedure can markedly increase the biexciton fluorescence of CdSe nanocrystals.
Collapse
|
23
|
Hollingsworth JA. Nanoscale engineering facilitated by controlled synthesis: From structure to function. Coord Chem Rev 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
24
|
|
25
|
Cui J, Beyler AP, Bischof TS, Wilson MWB, Bawendi MG. Deconstructing the photon stream from single nanocrystals: from binning to correlation. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:1287-310. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60330j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
26
|
Waveguide integrated low noise NbTiN nanowire single-photon detectors with milli-Hz dark count rate. Sci Rep 2013; 3:1893. [PMID: 23714696 PMCID: PMC3665960 DOI: 10.1038/srep01893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors are an ideal match for integrated quantum photonic circuits due to their high detection efficiency for telecom wavelength photons. Quantum optical technology also requires single-photon detection with low dark count rate and high timing accuracy. Here we present very low noise superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors based on NbTiN thin films patterned directly on top of Si3N4 waveguides. We systematically investigate a large variety of detector designs and characterize their detection noise performance. Milli-Hz dark count rates are demonstrated over the entire operating range of the nanowire detectors which also feature low timing jitter. The ultra-low dark count rate, in combination with the high detection efficiency inherent to our travelling wave detector geometry, gives rise to a measured noise equivalent power at the 10(-20) W/Hz(1/2) level.
Collapse
|
27
|
Kovalyuk V, Hartmann W, Kahl O, Kaurova N, Korneev A, Goltsman G, Pernice WHP. Absorption engineering of NbN nanowires deposited on silicon nitride nanophotonic circuits. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:22683-22692. [PMID: 24104155 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.022683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the absorption properties of U-shaped niobium nitride (NbN) nanowires atop nanophotonic circuits. Nanowires as narrow as 20nm are realized in direct contact with Si3N4 waveguides and their absorption properties are extracted through balanced measurements. We perform a full characterization of the absorption coefficient in dependence of length, width and separation of the fabricated nanowires, as well as for waveguides with different cross-section and etch depth. Our results show excellent agreement with finite-element analysis simulations for all considered parameters. The experimental data thus allows for optimizing absorption properties of emerging single-photon detectors co-integrated with telecom wavelength optical circuits.
Collapse
|
28
|
Hollingsworth JA. Heterostructuring Nanocrystal Quantum Dots Toward Intentional Suppression of Blinking and Auger Recombination. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2013; 25:1318-1331. [PMID: 24062602 PMCID: PMC3778929 DOI: 10.1021/cm304161d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
At the level of a single particle, nanocrystal quantum dots (NQDs) are observed to fluoresce intermittently or "blink." They are also characterized by an efficient non-radiative recombination process known as Auger Recombination (AR). Recently, new approaches to NQD heterostructuring have been developed that directly impact both blinking and AR, resulting in dramatic suppression of these unwanted processes. The three successful hetero-NQD motifs are reviewed here: (1) interfacial alloying, (2) thick or "giant" shells, and (3) specific type-II electronic structures. These approaches, which rely on modifying or tuning internal NQD core/shell structures, are compared with alternative strategies for blinking suppression that rely, instead, on surface modifications or surface-mediated interactions. Finally, in each case, the unique synthetic approaches or challenges addressed that have driven the realization of novel and important functionality are discussed, along with the implications for development of a comprehensive 'materials design' strategy for blinking and AR-suppressed heterostructured NQDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Hollingsworth
- Material Physics & Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 8754
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wanger DD, Correa RE, Dauler EA, Bawendi MG. The dominant role of exciton quenching in PbS quantum-dot-based photovoltaic devices. NANO LETTERS 2013; 13:5907-12. [PMID: 24256125 DOI: 10.1021/nl402886j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We present a quantitative measurement of the number of trapped carriers combined with a measurement of exciton quenching to assess limiting mechanisms for current losses in PbS-quantum-dot-based photovoltaic devices. We use photocurrent intensity dependence and short-wave infrared transient photoluminescence and correlate these with device performance. We find that the effective density of trapped carriers ranges from 1 in 10 to 1 in 10,000 quantum dots, depending on ligand treatment, and that nonradiative exciton quenching, as opposed to recombination with trapped carriers, is likely the limiting mechanism in these devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darcy D Wanger
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Sandberg RL, Padilha LA, Qazilbash MM, Bae WK, Schaller RD, Pietryga JM, Stevens MJ, Baek B, Nam SW, Klimov VI. Multiexciton dynamics in infrared-emitting colloidal nanostructures probed by a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector. ACS NANO 2012; 6:9532-9540. [PMID: 23020520 DOI: 10.1021/nn3043226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Carrier multiplication (CM) is the process in which absorption of a single photon produces multiple electron-hole pairs. Here, we evaluate the effect of particle shape on CM efficiency by conducting a comparative study of spherical nanocrystal quantum dots (NQDs) and elongated nanorods (NRs) of PbSe using a time-resolved technique that is based on photon counting in the infrared using a superconducting nanowire single-photon photodetector (SNSPD). Due to its high sensitivity and low noise levels, this technique allows for accurate determination of CM yields, even with the small excitation intensities required for quantitative measurements, and the fairly low emission quantum yields of elongated NR samples. Our measurements indicate an up to ∼60% increase in multiexciton yields in NRs versus NQDs, which is attributed primarily to a decrease in the electron-hole pair creation energy. These findings suggest that shape control is a promising approach for enhancing the CM process. Further, our work demonstrates the effectiveness of the SNSPD technique for the rapid screening of CM performance in infrared nanomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Sandberg
- Center for Advanced Solar Photophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Dennis AM, Mangum BD, Piryatinski A, Park YS, Hannah DC, Casson JL, Williams DJ, Schaller RD, Htoon H, Hollingsworth JA. Suppressed blinking and auger recombination in near-infrared type-II InP/CdS nanocrystal quantum dots. NANO LETTERS 2012; 12:5545-51. [PMID: 23030497 PMCID: PMC3498532 DOI: 10.1021/nl302453x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Nonblinking excitonic emission from near-infrared and type-II nanocrystal quantum dots (NQDs) is reported for the first time. To realize this unusual degree of stability at the single-dot level, novel InP/CdS core/shell NQDs were synthesized for a range of shell thicknesses (~1-11 monolayers of CdS). Ensemble spectroscopy measurements (photoluminescence peak position and radiative lifetimes) and electronic structure calculations established the transition from type-I to type-II band alignment in these heterostructured NQDs. More significantly, single-NQD studies revealed clear evidence for blinking suppression that was not strongly shell-thickness dependent, while photobleaching and biexciton lifetimes trended explicitly with extent of shelling. Specifically, very long biexciton lifetimes-up to >7 ns-were obtained for the thickest-shell structures, indicating dramatic suppression of nonradiative Auger recombination. This new system demonstrates that electronic structure and shell thickness can be employed together to effect control over key single-dot and ensemble NQD photophysical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allison M. Dennis
- Materials Physics & Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Benjamin D. Mangum
- Materials Physics & Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Andrei Piryatinski
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Young-Shin Park
- Materials Physics & Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Daniel C. Hannah
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Joanna L. Casson
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Darrick J. Williams
- Materials Physics & Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Richard D. Schaller
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Han Htoon
- Materials Physics & Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Hollingsworth
- Materials Physics & Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
- CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: (J.A.H.)
| |
Collapse
|