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Jo MS, Kim SH, Park SY, Choi KW, Kim SH, Yoo JY, Kim BJ, Yoon JB. Fast-Response and Low-Power Self-Heating Gas Sensor Using Metal/Metal Oxide/Metal (MMOM) Structured Nanowires. ACS Sens 2024; 9:1896-1905. [PMID: 38626402 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c02613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
With the escalating global awareness of air quality management, the need for continuous and reliable monitoring of toxic gases by using low-power operating systems has become increasingly important. One of which, semiconductor metal oxide gas sensors have received great attention due to their high/fast response and simple working mechanism. More specifically, self-heating metal oxide gas sensors, wherein direct thermal activation in the sensing material, have been sought for their low power-consuming characteristics. However, previous works have neglected to address the temperature distribution within the sensing material, resulting in inefficient gas response and prolonged response/recovery times, particularly due to the low-temperature regions. Here, we present a unique metal/metal oxide/metal (MMOM) nanowire architecture that conductively confines heat to the sensing material, achieving high uniformity in the temperature distribution. The proposed structure enables uniform thermal activation within the sensing material, allowing the sensor to efficiently react with the toxic gas. As a result, the proposed MMOM gas sensor showed significantly enhanced gas response (from 6.7 to 20.1% at 30 ppm), response time (from 195 to 17 s at 30 ppm), and limit of detection (∼1 ppm) when compared to those of conventional single-material structures upon exposure to carbon monoxide. Furthermore, the proposed work demonstrated low power consumption (2.36 mW) and high thermal durability (1500 on/off cycles), demonstrating its potential for practical applications in reliable and low-power operating gas sensor systems. These results propose a new paradigm for power-efficient and robust self-heating metal oxide gas sensors with potential implications for other fields requiring thermal engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Seung Jo
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Yoon Park
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Wook Choi
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS Co., Ltd., 130 Samsungjeonja-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyenggi-do 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hee Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS Co., Ltd., 1, Samsungjeonja-ro, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 18448, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Yoo
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Beom-Jun Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Bo Yoon
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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Seo MH, Yoo JY, Jo MS, Yoon JB. Geometrically Structured Nanomaterials for Nanosensors, NEMS, and Nanosieves. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1907082. [PMID: 32253800 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201907082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recently, geometrically structured nanomaterials have received great attention due to their unique physical and chemical properties, which originate from the geometric variation in such materials. Indeed, the use of various geometrically structured nanomaterials has been actively reported in enhanced-performance devices in a wide range of applications. Recent significant progress in the development of geometrically structured nanomaterials and associated devices is summarized. First, a brief introduction of advanced nanofabrication methods that enable the fabrication of various geometrically structured nanomaterials is given, and then the performance enhancements achieved in devices utilizing these nanomaterials, namely, i) physical and gas nanosensors, ii) nanoelectromechanical devices, and iii) nanosieves are described. For the device applications, a systematic summary of their structures, working mechanisms, fabrication methods, and output performance is provided. Particular focus is given to how device performance can be enhanced through the geometric structures of the nanomaterials. Finally, perspectives on the development of novel nanomaterial structures and associated devices are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ho Seo
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Jae-Young Yoo
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Seung Jo
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Bo Yoon
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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Jung WB, Jang S, Cho SY, Jeon HJ, Jung HT. Recent Progress in Simple and Cost-Effective Top-Down Lithography for ≈10 nm Scale Nanopatterns: From Edge Lithography to Secondary Sputtering Lithography. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1907101. [PMID: 32243015 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201907101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The development of a simple and cost-effective method for fabricating ≈10 nm scale nanopatterns over large areas is an important issue, owing to the performance enhancement such patterning brings to various applications including sensors, semiconductors, and flexible transparent electrodes. Although nanoimprinting, extreme ultraviolet, electron beams, and scanning probe litho-graphy are candidates for developing such nanopatterns, they are limited to complicated procedures with low throughput and high startup cost, which are difficult to use in various academic and industry fields. Recently, several easy and cost-effective lithographic approaches have been reported to produce ≈10 nm scale patterns without defects over large areas. This includes a method of reducing the size using the narrow edge of a pattern, which has been attracting attention for the past several decades. More recently, secondary sputtering lithography using an ion-bombardment technique was reported as a new method to create high-resolution and high-aspect-ratio structures. Recent progress in simple and cost-effective top-down lithography for ≈10 nm scale nanopatterns via edge and secondary sputtering techniques is reviewed. The principles, technical advances, and applications are demonstrated. Finally, the future direction of edge and secondary sputtering lithography research toward issues to be resolved to broaden applications is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Bin Jung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK-21 Plus), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwoo Jang
- Semiconductor R&D Center, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd, 1, Samsungjeonja-ro, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, 18448, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Yeon Cho
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK-21 Plus), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Hwan-Jin Jeon
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Korea Polytechnic University, Siheung-si, Gyeonggi-do, 15073, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Tae Jung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK-21 Plus), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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Lee JS, Choi KW, Yoo JY, Jo MS, Yoon JB. Realization of Nanolene: A Planar Array of Perfectly Aligned, Air-Suspended Nanowires. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1906845. [PMID: 32072747 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201906845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Air suspension and alignment are fundamental requirements to make the best use of nanowires' unique properties; however, satisfying both requirements is very challenging due to the mechanical instability of air-suspended nanowires. Here, a perfectly aligned air-suspended nanowire array called "nanolene" is demonstrated, which has a high mechanical stability owing to a C-channel-shaped cross-section of the nanowires. The excellent mechanical stability is provided through geometrical modeling and finite element method simulations. The C-channel cross-section can be realized by top-down fabrication procedures, resulting in reliable demonstrations of the nanolenes with various materials and geometric parameters. The fabrication process provides large-area uniformity; therefore, nanolene can be considered as a 2D planar platform for 1D nanowire arrays. Thanks to the high mechanical stability of the proposed nanolene, perfectly aligned air-suspended nanowire arrays with an unprecedented length of 1 mm (aspect ratio ≈5100) are demonstrated. Since the nanolene can be used in an energy-efficient nanoheater, two energy-stringent sensors, namely, an air-flow sensor and a carbon monoxide gas sensor, are demonstrated. In particular, the gas sensor achieves sub-10 mW operations, which is a requirement for application in mobile phones. The proposed nanolene will pave the way to accelerate nanowire research and industrialization by providing reliable, high-performance nanowire devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Shin Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Wook Choi
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Yoo
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Seung Jo
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Bo Yoon
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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Gao P, Pu M, Ma X, Li X, Guo Y, Wang C, Zhao Z, Luo X. Plasmonic lithography for the fabrication of surface nanostructures with a feature size down to 9 nm. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:2415-2421. [PMID: 31750491 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr08153d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Aiming to further improve the resolution and quality of plasmonic lithography, a self-aligned patterning technique is introduced to it to obtain ultrafine nanopatterns with high contrast and low line edge error (LER). By improving the line edge roughness of the initial plasmonic lithography patterns, 16 nm half-pitch surface nanostructures with a height of 70 nm can be obtained. Moreover, with the help of plasma etching and atomic layer deposition in this process flow, the LER of the 16 nm half-pitch surface nanostructure can achieve 1.3 nm. Further application indicates that this process can also be used to fabricate nanoholes with the feature size as small as 9 nm. This approach provides a new perspective on the manufacture of surface nanostructures with ultrahigh resolution and high aspect ratios, which would find potentially promising applications in metal-air transistors, biosensors, DNA sequencing, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Science, P.O. Box 350, Chengdu 610209, China.
| | - Mingbo Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Science, P.O. Box 350, Chengdu 610209, China.
| | - Xiaoliang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Science, P.O. Box 350, Chengdu 610209, China.
| | - Xiong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Science, P.O. Box 350, Chengdu 610209, China.
| | - Yinghui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Science, P.O. Box 350, Chengdu 610209, China.
| | - Changtao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Science, P.O. Box 350, Chengdu 610209, China.
| | - Zeyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Science, P.O. Box 350, Chengdu 610209, China.
| | - Xiangang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Science, P.O. Box 350, Chengdu 610209, China.
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Lee JS, Seo MH, Choi KW, Yoo JY, Jo MS, Yoon JB. Stress-engineered palladium nanowires for wide range (0.1%-3.9%) of H 2 detection with high durability. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:16317-16326. [PMID: 31309962 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr01975h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pd nanowire-based H2 sensors have attracted significant attention because of their superior sensing performance. However, when exposed to H2 concentrations of more than 2%, Pd experiences volume expansion over 10%, resulting in a significant amount of mechanical stress. Thus, exposure to such high H2 concentrations causes physical destruction of Pd nanowires, such as breaks and peel-offs, leading to severe difficulty in the reliable detection of H2 over a wide concentration range. Here, we proposed a structural approach to resolve this issue by introducing a partially anchored Pd nanowire (PA-PdNW) structure. In this configuration, most of the structure was air-suspended, leaving a small portion anchored to the substrate. Air-suspension enabled PA-PdNW to expand freely, thus relieving the mechanical stress; therefore, the Pd nanowires could withstand numerous exposures to high H2 concentrations. To demonstrate the PA-PdNW structure, we developed a nano-fabrication method based on conventional semiconductor processes and successfully manufactured H2 sensor devices with uniform, perfectly aligned PA-PdNW arrays stably air-suspended with designed gaps from the substrate. The fabricated sensors achieved reliable detection of H2 in the 0.1%-3.9% concentration range with a significant resistance change. In addition, compared with fully anchored Pd nanowire (FA-PdNW) sensors, the PA-PdNW sensors showed superior durability, and the nanowires retained their initial structures even after 300 exposures to high H2 concentrations. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the PA-PdNW sensor can stably operate even in extremely humid environments at 85% relative humidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Shin Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min-Ho Seo
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea. and Information & Electronics Research Institute Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Wook Choi
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Young Yoo
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min-Seung Jo
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jun-Bo Yoon
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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Vilian ATE, Kim W, Park B, Oh SY, Kim T, Huh YS, Hwangbo CK, Han YK. Efficient electron-mediated electrochemical biosensor of gold wire for the rapid detection of C-reactive protein: A predictive strategy for heart failure. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 142:111549. [PMID: 31400725 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) is considered a promising biomarker for the rapid and high-throughput real-time monitoring of cardiovascular disease and inflammation in unprocessed clinical samples. Implementation of this monitoring would enable various transformative biomedical applications. We have fabricated a highly specific sensor chip to detect CRP with a detection limit of 2.25 fg/mL. The protein was immobilized on top of a gold (Au) wire/polycarbonate (PC) substrate using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylamino-propyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride/N-hydroxy succinimide-activated 3-mercaptoproponic acid (MPA) as a self-assembled monolayer agent and bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a blocking agent. In contrast to the bare PC substrate, the CRP/BSA/anti-CRP/MPA/Au substrate exhibited a considerably high electrochemical signal toward CRP. The influence of the experimental parameters on CRP detection was assessed via various analysis methods, and these parameters were then optimized. The linear dynamic range of the CRP was 5-220 fg/mL for voltammetric and impedance analysis. Morever, the strategy exhibited high selectivity against various potential interfering species and was capable of directly probing trace amounts of the target CRP in human serum with excellent selectivity. The analytical assay based on the CRP/BSA/anti-CRP/MPA/Au substrate could be exploited as a potentially useful tool for detecting CRP in clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T Ezhil Vilian
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, 100-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonyoung Kim
- Department of Physics, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumjun Park
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Yeong Oh
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - TaeYoung Kim
- Department of Physics, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Suk Huh
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chang Kwon Hwangbo
- Department of Physics, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Kyu Han
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, 100-715, Republic of Korea.
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Wang D, Zhao X, Lin Y, Liang J, Ren T, Liu Z, Li J. Nanoscale coaxial focused electrohydrodynamic jet printing. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:9867-9879. [PMID: 29664090 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr01001c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Controlled patterning of nanostructures at desired positions is of great importance for high-performance M/NEMS devices. Here, we demonstrate a high-resolution, high-speed and cost-effective fabrication method, named coaxial focused electrohydrodynamic jet printing, to print functional nanostructures. A coaxial needle was designed and developed; a functional ink and high viscosity liquid are applied in the inner and outer needle, respectively. Under optimised conditions, a stable coaxial jet is formed; then, the electrical shearing force and electrical field induce viscous shearing force and internal pressure that are jointly applied on the inner functional ink, focusing the inner jet on the nanoscale. Using this stable coaxial jet with a nano-jet inside it, nanostructures with highly aligned nanowire arrays, nano-freebeams and nano-cantilever beams down to the scale of 40 nm were directly printed. The needle size was 130 μm, and the ratio of the sizes of the needle and the printed structure was as high as 3250/1. This technique realizes the controllable printing of nanoscale structures with the use of a one hundred micrometer-sized needle. The printed PZT nanostructures exhibit pure perovskite structures and distinct piezoelectric responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dazhi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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Jo MS, Choi KW, Seo MH, Yoon JB. Realization of large-scale sub-10 nm nanogratings using a repetitive wet-chemical oxidation and etching technique. MICRO AND NANO SYSTEMS LETTERS 2017. [DOI: 10.1186/s40486-017-0053-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Seo MH, Yoo JY, Choi SY, Lee JS, Choi KW, Jeong CK, Lee KJ, Yoon JB. Versatile Transfer of an Ultralong and Seamless Nanowire Array Crystallized at High Temperature for Use in High-Performance Flexible Devices. ACS NANO 2017; 11:1520-1529. [PMID: 28135071 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b06842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanowire (NW) transfer technology has provided promising strategies to realize future flexible materials and electronics. Using this technology, geometrically controlled, high-quality NW arrays can now be obtained easily on various flexible substrates with high throughput. However, it is still challenging to extend this technology to a wide range of high-performance device applications because its limited temperature tolerance precludes the use of high-temperature annealing, which is essential for NW crystallization and functionalization. A pulsed laser technique has been developed to anneal NWs in the presence of a flexible substrate; however, the induced temperature is not high enough to improve the properties of materials such as ceramics and semiconductors. Here, we present a versatile nanotransfer method that is applicable to NWs that require high-temperature annealing. To successfully anneal NWs during their transfer, the developed fabrication method involves sequential removal of a nanoscale sacrificial layer. Using this method, we first produce an ultralong, perfectly aligned polycrystalline barium titanate (BaTiO3) NW array that is heat treated at 700 °C on a flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate. This high-quality piezoelectric NW array on a flexible substrate is used as a flexible nanogenerator that generates current and voltage 37 and 10 times higher, respectively, than those of a nanogenerator made of noncrystallized BaTiO3 NWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ho Seo
- School of Electrical Engineering, ‡KAIST Institute for NanoCentury, and §Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Yoo
- School of Electrical Engineering, ‡KAIST Institute for NanoCentury, and §Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Choi
- School of Electrical Engineering, ‡KAIST Institute for NanoCentury, and §Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Shin Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, ‡KAIST Institute for NanoCentury, and §Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Wook Choi
- School of Electrical Engineering, ‡KAIST Institute for NanoCentury, and §Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Kyu Jeong
- School of Electrical Engineering, ‡KAIST Institute for NanoCentury, and §Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Keon Jae Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, ‡KAIST Institute for NanoCentury, and §Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Bo Yoon
- School of Electrical Engineering, ‡KAIST Institute for NanoCentury, and §Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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Burke L, Mortimer CJ, Curtis DJ, Lewis AR, Williams R, Hawkins K, Maffeis TG, Wright CJ. In-situ synthesis of magnetic iron-oxide nanoparticle-nanofibre composites using electrospinning. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 70:512-519. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Ahn T, Kim HJ, Lee J, Choi DG, Jung JY, Choi JH, Jeon S, Kim JD, Jeong JH. A facile patterning of silver nanowires using a magnetic printing method. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 26:345301. [PMID: 26242642 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/34/345301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Patterning of metal nanowires (NWs) is vital for the fabrication of NW-based, high-performance devices such as sensors, transparent conducting electrodes, and optoelectronics. However, the majority of existing patterning methods require complex and expensive technologies. For this reason, we report for the first time a facile and quick patterning method of silver (Ag) NWs using a magnetic printing method. We successfully demonstrated a patterned AgNW grid structure ona flexible substrate as transparent electrodes. The flexible AgNW grid electrode exhibited optical and electrical properties comparable to those of commercial transparent conducting electrodes.We believe our work will be broadly applicable to other NW-based devices such as sensors,energy storage devices, meta devices, nanoscale electronics, and optoelectronics.
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Sergelius P, Moreno JMM, Rahimi W, Waleczek M, Zierold R, Görlitz D, Nielsch K. Electrochemical synthesis of highly ordered nanowires with a rectangular cross section using an in-plane nanochannel array. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 25:504002. [PMID: 25426643 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/25/50/504002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and reproducible assembly of aligned nanostructures on a wafer-scale is a crucial, yet one of the most challenging tasks in the incorporation of nanowires into integrated circuits. We present the synthesis of a periodic nanochannel template designed for electrochemical growth of perfectly aligned, rectangular nanowires over large areas. The nanowires can be electrically contacted and characterized in situ using a pre-patterned multi-point measurement platform. During the measurement the wires remain within a thick oxide matrix providing protection against breaking and oxidation. We use laser interference lithography, reactive ion etching and atomic layer deposition to create cm-long parallel nanochannels with characteristic dimensions as small as 40 nm. In a showcase study pulsed electrodeposition of iron is carried out creating rectangular shaped iron nanowires within the nanochannels. By design of the device, the grown wires are in contact with an integrated electrode system on both ends directly after the deposition. No further processing steps are required for electrical characterization, minimizing the risk of damage and oxidation. The developed nanowire measurement device allows for multi-probe resistance measurements and can easily be adopted for transistor applications. The guided, in-plane growth of electrodeposited nanowire arrays which are tunable in size and density paves the way for the incorporation of nanowires into a large variety of multifunctional devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Sergelius
- Institute of Applied Physics, Universität Hamburg, Jungiusstraße 11, 20355, Hamburg, Germany
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14
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High-resolution nanotransfer printing applicable to diverse surfaces via interface-targeted adhesion switching. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5387. [PMID: 25382491 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanotransfer printing technology offers outstanding simplicity and throughput in the fabrication of transistors, metamaterials, epidermal sensors and other emerging devices. Nevertheless, the development of a large-area sub-50 nm nanotransfer printing process has been hindered by fundamental reliability issues in the replication of high-resolution templates and in the release of generated nanostructures. Here we present a solvent-assisted nanotransfer printing technique based on high-fidelity replication of sub-20 nm patterns using a dual-functional bilayer polymer thin film. For uniform and fast release of nanostructures on diverse receiver surfaces, interface-specific adhesion control is realized by employing a polydimethylsiloxane gel pad as a solvent-emitting transfer medium, providing unusual printing capability even on biological surfaces such as human skin and fruit peels. Based on this principle, we also demonstrate reliable printing of high-density metallic nanostructures for non-destructive and rapid surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy analyses and for hydrogen detection sensors with excellent responsiveness.
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Jiang H, Jelinek R. Dramatic shape modulation of surfactant/diacetylene microstructures at the air-water interface. Chemistry 2014; 20:16747-52. [PMID: 25336250 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201404340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Langmuir monolayers constitute a powerful platform for self-assembly and organization of amhiphilic molecules. Controlling the structural features of condensed domains formed within Langmuir monolayers, however, is a challenging task. The formation of remarkably diverse condensed microstructures is demonstrated in binary monolayers comprising of a surfactant (octadecylmelamine) and a diacetylene monomer. The mole ratio between the two constituents and composition of the aqueous subphases (specifically pH and which dissolved metal ions are present) dramatically modulated the shapes and dimensions of microstructures formed at the air-water interface. The self-assembled microstructures could be transferred from the water surface onto solid substrates, and subsequently further served as templates for gold coating, yielding electrically conductive microwires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanotechnology, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105 (Israel)
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Jiang C, Liu S, Chen X, Yu S. Controllable growth of a forest of silver nanowires and their field emission properties. CrystEngComm 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ce00977k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Stegmann C, Muench F, Rauber M, Hottes M, Brötz J, Kunz U, Lauterbach S, Kleebe HJ, Ensinger W. Platinum nanowires with pronounced texture, controlled crystallite size and excellent growth homogeneity fabricated by optimized pulsed electrodeposition. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra46204h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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