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Wu C, Ku C, Yu M, Yang J, Wu P, Huang C, Lu T, Huang J, Ishii S, Chen K. Near-Field Photodetection in Direction Tunable Surface Plasmon Polaritons Waveguides Embedded with Graphene. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2302707. [PMID: 37661570 PMCID: PMC10602515 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
2D materials have manifested themselves as key components toward compact integrated circuits. Because of their capability to circumvent the diffraction limit, light manipulation using surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) is highly-valued. In this study, plasmonic photodetection using graphene as a 2D material is investigated. Non-scattering near-field detection of SPPs is implemented via monolayer graphene stacked under an SPP waveguide with a symmetric antenna. Energy conversion between radiation power and electrical signals is utilized for the photovoltaic and photoconductive processes of the gold-graphene interface and biased electrodes, measuring a maximum photoresponsivity of 29.2 mA W-1 . The generated photocurrent is altered under the polarization state of the input light, producing a 400% contrast between the maximum and minimum signals. This result is universally applicable to all on-chip optoelectronic circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia‐Hung Wu
- College of PhotonicsNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung University301 Gaofa 3rd RoadTainan71150Taiwan
| | - Chih‐Jen Ku
- Institute of Imaging and Biomedical PhotonicsCollege of PhotonicsNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung University301 Gaofa 3rd RoadTainan71150Taiwan
| | - Min‐Wen Yu
- College of PhotonicsNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung University301 Gaofa 3rd RoadTainan71150Taiwan
| | - Jhen‐Hong Yang
- College of PhotonicsNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung University301 Gaofa 3rd RoadTainan71150Taiwan
| | - Pei‐Yuan Wu
- Institute of Photonics TechnologiesNational Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchu300Taiwan
| | - Chen‐Bin Huang
- Institute of Photonics TechnologiesNational Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchu300Taiwan
| | - Tien‐Chang Lu
- Department of PhotonicsCollege of Electrical and Computer EngineeringNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu30010Taiwan
| | - Jer‐Shing Huang
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic TechnologyAlbert‐Einstein Straße 907745JenaGermany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of PhotonicsFriedrich‐Schiller‐Universität JenaHelmholtzweg 4D‐07743JenaGermany
- Research Center for Applied SciencesAcademia Sinica128 Academia Road, Sec. 2, Nankang DistrictTaipei11529Taiwan
- Department of ElectrophysicsNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityNo. 1001 Daxue Rd, East DistrictHsinchu30010Taiwan
| | - Satoshi Ishii
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA)National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)1‐1 NamikiTsukubaIbaraki305‐0044Japan
| | - Kuo‐Ping Chen
- Institute of Imaging and Biomedical PhotonicsCollege of PhotonicsNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung University301 Gaofa 3rd RoadTainan71150Taiwan
- Institute of Photonics TechnologiesNational Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchu300Taiwan
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2
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Wang Q, Li C, Fang B, Jing X. Multi-Function Reflective Vector Light Fields Generated by All-Dielectric Encoding Metasurface. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8260. [PMID: 36431744 PMCID: PMC9692770 DOI: 10.3390/ma15228260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Traditional optics usually studies the uniform polarization state of light. Compared with uniform vector beams, non-uniform vector beams have more polarization information. Most of the research on generating cylindrical vector beams using metasurfaces focuses on generating transmitted beams using the geometric phase. However, the geometric phase requires the incident light to be circularly polarized, which limits the design freedom. Here, an all-dielectric reflective metasurface is designed to generate different output light according to the different polarization states of the incident light. By combining the two encoding arrangements of the dynamic phase and the geometric phase, the output light is a radial vector beam when the linearly polarized light is incident along the x-direction. Under the incidence of linearly polarized light along the y-direction, the generated output light is an azimuthal vector beam. Under the incidence of left-handed circularly polarized light, the generated output light is a vortex beam with a topological charge of -1. Under the incidence of right-handed circularly polarized light, the generated output light is a vortex beam with a topological charge of +1. The proposed reflective metasurface has potential applications in generating vector beams with high integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Wang
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Centre for THz Research, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Chenxia Li
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Bo Fang
- College of Metrology & Measurement Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xufeng Jing
- Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Centre for THz Research, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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3
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Wu CH, Ku CJ, Yu MW, Yang JH, Lu TC, Lin TR, Yang CS, Chen KP. Nonscattering Photodetection in the Propagation of Unidirectional Surface Plasmon Polaritons Embedded with Graphene. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:30299-30305. [PMID: 35675390 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c03214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recently, nanoscale light manipulation using surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) has received considerable research attention. The conventional method of detecting SPPs is through light scattering or using bulky Si or Ge photodetectors. However, these bulky systems limit the application of nanophotonic circuits. In this study, the light-matter interaction between graphene and SPP was investigated. For realizing an improved integration in nanocircuits, single-layer graphene was added to asymmetric SPP nanoantenna arrays for nonscattering detection in the near field. The developed device is capable of detecting the controlled propagation of SPPs with a photoresponsivity of 15 mA/W, which paves the way for the new-generation on-chip optical communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hung Wu
- Institute of Photonic System, College of Photonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 301 Gaofa 3rd Road, Tainan 71150, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jen Ku
- Institute of Imaging and Biomedical Photonics, College of Photonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 301 Gaofa 3rd Road, Tainan 71150, Taiwan
| | - Min-Wen Yu
- College of Photonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 301 Gaofa 3rd Road, Tainan 71150, Taiwan
| | - Jhen-Hong Yang
- College of Photonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 301 Gaofa 3rd Road, Tainan 71150, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Chang Lu
- Department of Photonics, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Tzy-Rong Lin
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
- Center of Excellence for Ocean Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
| | - Chan-Shan Yang
- Institute and Undergraduate Program of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
- Micro/Nano Device Inspection and Research Center, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Ping Chen
- Institute of Imaging and Biomedical Photonics, College of Photonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 301 Gaofa 3rd Road, Tainan 71150, Taiwan
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4
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Yu P, Li J, Liu N. Electrically Tunable Optical Metasurfaces for Dynamic Polarization Conversion. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:6690-6695. [PMID: 34286586 PMCID: PMC8361430 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic control over the polarization of light is highly desirable in many optical applications, including optical communications, laser science, three-dimensional displays, among others. Conventional methods for polarization control are often based on bulky optical elements. To achieve highly integrated optical devices, metasurfaces, which have been intensively studied in recent years, hold great promises to replace conventional optical elements for a variety of optical functions. In this work, we demonstrate electrically tunable optical metasurfaces for dynamic polarization conversion at visible frequencies. By exploring both the geometric and propagation phase tuning capabilities, rapid and reversible polarization rotation up to 90° is achieved for linearly polarized light. The dynamic functionality is imparted by liquid crystals, which serve as a thin surrounding medium with electrically tunable refractive indices for the metasurface antennas. Furthermore, we expand our concept to demonstrate electrically tunable metasurfaces for dynamic holography and holographic information generation with independently controlled multiple pixels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yu
- Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jianxiong Li
- Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Na Liu
- Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- 2nd
Physics Institute, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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5
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Fu X, Liang H, Li J. Metalenses: from design principles to functional applications. FRONTIERS OF OPTOELECTRONICS 2021; 14:170-186. [PMID: 36637665 PMCID: PMC9743920 DOI: 10.1007/s12200-021-1201-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Lens is a basic optical element that is widely used in daily life, such as in cameras, glasses, and microscopes. Conventional lenses are designed based on the classical refractive optics, which results in inevitable imaging aberrations, such as chromatic aberration, spherical aberration and coma. To solve these problems, conventional imaging systems impose multiple curved lenses with different thicknesses and materials to eliminate these aberrations. As a unique photonic technology, metasurfaces can accurately manipulate the wavefront of light to produce fascinating and peculiar optical phenomena, which has stimulated researchers' extensive interests in the field of planar optics. Starting from the introduction of phase modulation methods, this review summarizes the design principles and characteristics of metalenses. Although the imaging quality of existing metalenses is not necessarily better than that of conventional lenses, the multi-dimensional and multi-degree-of-freedom control of metasurfaces provides metalenses with novel functions that are extremely challenging or impossible to achieve with conventional lenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Haowen Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering, Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519080, China.
| | - Juntao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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6
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Hu S, Du S, Li J, Gu C. Multidimensional Image and Beam Splitter Based on Hyperbolic Metamaterials. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:1792-1799. [PMID: 33570422 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recently, multidimensional metasurfaces, which can modulate multiple optical parameters of input and output lights simultaneously, have aroused intensive interest. Here, we demonstrate multidimensional switchable images and 3D integrated beam splitters based on hyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs). On one hand, a switchable image controlled by output helicity and input wavelengths is achieved by arranging HMMs with different polarization conversion performance. On the other hand, polarization-multiplexed broadband beam splitter is generated by spatially engineering the subunit with broadband half-plate performance. By integrating the multiplexed beam splitter with a filter metamaterial, this multidimensional beam splitter can further realize the separation of output light by space and wavelength. This cascaded multilayer metamaterial achieves a brand new optical functionality and offers more inspiring possibilities for the design of multifunctional optical devices in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Hu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Sciences, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Shuo Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junjie Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Changzhi Gu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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7
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Song Q, Khadir S, Vézian S, Damilano B, Mierry PD, Chenot S, Brandli V, Genevet P. Bandwidth-unlimited polarization-maintaining metasurfaces. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/5/eabe1112. [PMID: 33514552 PMCID: PMC7846164 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe1112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Any arbitrary state of polarization of light beam can be decomposed into a linear superposition of two orthogonal oscillations, each of which has a specific amplitude of the electric field. The dispersive nature of diffractive and refractive optical components generally affects these amplitude responses over a small wavelength range, tumbling the light polarization properties. Although recent works suggest the realization of broadband nanophotonic interfaces that can mitigate frequency dispersion, their usage for arbitrary polarization control remains elusively chromatic. Here, we present a general method to address broadband full-polarization properties of diffracted fields using an original superposition of circular polarization beams transmitted through metasurfaces. The polarization-maintaining metasurfaces are applied for complex broadband wavefront shaping, including beam deflectors and white-light holograms. Eliminating chromatic dispersion and dispersive polarization response of conventional diffractive elements lead to broadband polarization-maintaining devices of interest for applications in polarization imaging, broadband-polarimetry, augmented/virtual reality imaging, full color display, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Song
- Université Cote d'Azur, CNRS, CRHEA, Rue Bernard Gregory, Sophia Antipolis, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - S Khadir
- Université Cote d'Azur, CNRS, CRHEA, Rue Bernard Gregory, Sophia Antipolis, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - S Vézian
- Université Cote d'Azur, CNRS, CRHEA, Rue Bernard Gregory, Sophia Antipolis, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - B Damilano
- Université Cote d'Azur, CNRS, CRHEA, Rue Bernard Gregory, Sophia Antipolis, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - P D Mierry
- Université Cote d'Azur, CNRS, CRHEA, Rue Bernard Gregory, Sophia Antipolis, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - S Chenot
- Université Cote d'Azur, CNRS, CRHEA, Rue Bernard Gregory, Sophia Antipolis, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - V Brandli
- Université Cote d'Azur, CNRS, CRHEA, Rue Bernard Gregory, Sophia Antipolis, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - P Genevet
- Université Cote d'Azur, CNRS, CRHEA, Rue Bernard Gregory, Sophia Antipolis, 06560 Valbonne, France.
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8
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Tan Q, Liu H, Zhang S. Dual-channel sensing by combining geometric and dynamic phases with an ultrathin metasurface. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:28612-28619. [PMID: 32988128 DOI: 10.1364/oe.395364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ultrathin metasurfaces consisting of subwavelength anisotropic plasmonic resonators with spatially variant orientations are capable of generating local geometric phase profiles for circular polarizations (CP) and can be used for multiplexing of electromagnetic waves. As the geometric phase solely depends on the orientation of dipole antennas, the phase profiles cannot be changed dynamically with external environment once the structure is fabricated. Here, by incorporating geometric phase and resonance-induced dynamic phase in a monolayer of nano gold antennas, we show that phase profiles of different spin components can vary independently through modification of the external environment. Specifically, the intensities of the + 1 and -1 order diffracted waves vary asymmetrically with the refractive index of surrounding media, forming a dual-channel sensing system. Our dual-channel sensing method exhibits very high signal-to-noise ratio and stability for sensing of liquid, monomolecular layer and even nanoscale motion, which will have potential applications in various fields, including biosensing, precision manufacturing, monitoring of environment, and logic operations.
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9
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Abstract
Optical metasurfaces allow the ability to precisely manipulate the wavefront of light, creating many interesting and exotic optical phenomena. However, they generally lack dynamic control over their optical properties and are limited to passive optical elements. In this work, we report the nontrivial infiltration of nanostructured metalenses with three respective nematic liquid crystals of different refractive index and birefringence. The optical properties of the metalens are evaluated after liquid-crystal infiltration to quantify its effect on the intended optical design. We observe a significant modification of the metalens focus after infiltration for each liquid crystal. These optical changes result from modification of local refractive index surrounding the metalens structure after infiltration. We report qualitative agreement of the optical experiments with finite-difference time-domain solver (FDTD) simulation results. By harnessing the tunability inherent in the orientation dependent refractive index of the infiltrated liquid crystal, the metalens system considered here has the potential to enable dynamic reconfigurability in metasurfaces.
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10
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Lai P, Dong G, Wang W, Chen T, Lv T, Lv B, Zhu Z, Li Y, Guan C, Shi J. Angle enhanced circular dichroism in bilayer 90°-twisted metamaterial. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:15071-15080. [PMID: 32403540 DOI: 10.1364/oe.390055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsic and extrinsic chiral responses have been widely investigated in metamaterials, however the relationship between them has been seldom discussed. We numerically and experimentally demonstrate angle enhanced chiral dichroism and study the separation between intrinsic and extrinsic chiral responses in metamaterial with asymmetrically split aperture dimers. The metamaterial exhibits triple-band resonant circular dichroism at normal incidence. The oblique incidence leads to giant enhancement of circular dichroism at two low-frequency resonances while yields an obvious resonance split of the circular dichroism in the vicinity of the high-frequency resonance. The whole circular dichroism response results from the balance between intrinsic and extrinsic chirality and the circular dichroism spectra at positive and negative angles of incidence exhibit an asymmetry due to the existence of intrinsic chirality. Importantly, the intrinsic chirality in the metamaterial may be individually investigated since extrinsic chiral response may be removed from the total circular dichroism by superimposing two circular dichroism spectra at positive and negative incident angles. The metamaterial will be promising to achieve enhanced chiral response and also separately utilize intrinsic and extrinsic chirality for manipulating the polarization state of light.
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11
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Guo X, Ding Y, Duan Y, Ni X. Nonreciprocal metasurface with space-time phase modulation. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2019; 8:123. [PMID: 31871675 PMCID: PMC6920367 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-019-0225-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Creating materials with time-variant properties is critical for breaking reciprocity that imposes fundamental limitations on wave propagation. However, it is challenging to realize efficient and ultrafast temporal modulation in a photonic system. Here, leveraging both spatial and temporal phase manipulation offered by an ultrathin nonlinear metasurface, we experimentally demonstrated nonreciprocal light reflection at wavelengths around 860 nm. The metasurface, with travelling-wave modulation upon nonlinear Kerr building blocks, creates spatial phase gradient and multi-terahertz temporal phase wobbling, which leads to unidirectional photonic transitions in both the momentum and energy spaces. We observed completely asymmetric reflections in forward and backward light propagations over a large bandwidth around 5.77 THz within a sub-wavelength interaction length of 150 nm. Our approach highlights a potential means for creating miniaturized and integratable nonreciprocal optical components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexue Guo
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - Yimin Ding
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - Yao Duan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - Xingjie Ni
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
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12
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Huang X, Ou X, Tang Z, Liu HC, Tan Q. Integrated dual-channel sensing utilizing polarized dissimilation based on photonic spin-orbit interaction. OPTICS LETTERS 2019; 44:3757-3760. [PMID: 31368961 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.003757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An integrated dual-channel sensing method utilizing polarized dissimilation is investigated with an appropriately designed plasmonic metasurface. By assembling two different kinds of nano-gold antennas to constitute a periodic array, the phase of diffraction fields contains both spin-dependent geometric phase and resonance-dependent dynamic phase components. Accurate control over the superposition of orthogonal spin components utilizing strong photonic spin-orbit interaction of metasurface leads to dissimilar response of different diffraction orders. The simulation shows that the linear polarization of ±1 diffraction orders rotate in the reverse direction (±19°) with the refractive index variation (1.3-1.5). The sensing method exhibits an extremely high signal-to-noise ratio and stability.
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13
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Li Z, Cai X, Huang L, Xu H, Wei Y, Dai N. Controllable Polarization Rotator with Broadband High Transmission Using All‐Dielectric Metasurfaces. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.201900086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Li
- School of Electronic and Electrical EngineeringShanghai University of Engineering Science Shanghai 201620 China
- Wuhan National Laboratory for OptoelectronicsHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared PhysicsShanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200083 China
| | - Xiaodong Cai
- School of Electronic and Electrical EngineeringShanghai University of Engineering Science Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Lirong Huang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for OptoelectronicsHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Hao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared PhysicsShanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200083 China
| | - Yunbing Wei
- School of Electronic and Electrical EngineeringShanghai University of Engineering Science Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Ning Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared PhysicsShanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200083 China
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14
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Yang J, Wu X, Song J, Huang C, Huang Y, Luo X. Cascaded metasurface for simultaneous control of transmission and reflection. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:9061-9070. [PMID: 31052715 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.009061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Due to the strong capability to control electromagnetic (EM) wave, metasurfaces have garnered considerable interest and brought in many intriguing EM functional devices. However, most of such devices can only work in either transmitted or reflected mode, and it is still very challenging to achieve a simultaneous control of reflection and transmission in one device. Here, we present a cascaded metasurface which integrates the resonant and geometrical phase cells, to manipulate the transmitted and reflected wave independently. By specific design of phase distribution, the reflected and transmitted wavefront can be respectively reshaped on the shared aperture at two different frequency bands. As a proof of concept, a bidirectional beam deflector is realized by our metasurface and experimentally demonstrated at the microwave region. Both simulated and experimental results show that the transmitted and reflected beams can be simultaneously deflected to the predesigned angles. Furthermore, this metasurface exhibits isotropic EM responses under the different linear polarized wave in the reflected mode, while behaves anisotropic EM responses under the different circular polarized waves in the transmitted mode. Our approach provides a simple way to realize full-space EM manipulation, which could be developed for potential applications in mutlifunctional devices and integrated systems.
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15
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Ultrathin and multicolour optical cavities with embedded metasurfaces. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2673. [PMID: 29991722 PMCID: PMC6039493 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05034-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past years, photonic metasurfaces have demonstrated their remarkable and diverse capabilities in advanced control over light propagation. Here, we demonstrate that these artificial films of deeply subwavelength thickness also offer new unparalleled capabilities in decreasing the overall dimensions of integrated optical systems. We propose an original approach of embedding a metasurface inside an optical cavity-one of the most fundamental optical elements-to drastically scale-down its thickness. By modifying the Fabry-Pérot interferometric principle, this methodology is shown to reduce the metasurface-based nanocavity thickness below the conventional λ/(2n) minimum. In addition, the nanocavities with embedded metasurfaces can support independently tunable resonances at multiple bands. As a proof-of-concept, using nanostructured metasurfaces within 100-nm nanocavities, we experimentally demonstrate high spatial resolution colour filtering and spectral imaging. The proposed approach can be extrapolated to compact integrated optical systems on-a-chip such as VCSEL's, high-resolution spatial light modulators, imaging spectroscopy systems, and bio-sensors.
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16
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Pan M, Li Q, Hong Y, Cai L, Lu J, Qiu M. Circular-polarization-sensitive absorption in refractory metamaterials composed of molybdenum zigzag arrays. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:17772-17780. [PMID: 30114062 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.017772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Circularly polarized light (CPL) is utilized in various fields, including optical communication and biological imaging. To overcome the lack of circular-polarization-sensitive absorbers working at high temperature, a refractory and circular-polarization-sensitive absorber comprised of molybdenum zigzag arrays is proposed. At certain resonant wavelengths, one component of circular polarization is absorbed by confining electromagnetic field in the dielectric layer, while the other component is backscattered. The circular-polarization-sensitive absorber could be applied as a CPL thermal radiator as well as a reflective linear-to-circular polarizer. As a CPL thermal radiator, left-handed circular radiation and right-handed circular radiation are dominant at different temperatures, respectively. As a linear-to-circular polarizer, both perfect left-handed circularly polarized light and nearly perfect right-handed circularly polarized light are obtained.
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17
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Tang Y, Huang Y, Qv L, Fang Y. Electromagnetic Energy Redistribution in Coupled Chiral Particle Chain-Film System. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2018; 13:194. [PMID: 29978337 PMCID: PMC6033841 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-018-2600-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Metal nanoparticle-film system has been proved that it has the ability of focusing light in the gap between particle and film, which is useful for surface-enhanced Raman scattering and plasmon catalysis. The rapid developed plasmonic chirality can also be realized in such system. Here, we investigated an electromagnetic energy focusing effect and chiral near-field enhancement in a coupled chiral particle chain on gold film. It shows large electric field enhancement in the gap between particle and film, as well as chiral near field. The enhancement properties at resonant peaks for the system excited by left circularly polarized light and right circularly polarized light are obviously different. This difference resulted from the interaction of circularly polarized light and the chiral particle-film system is analyzed with plasmon hybridization. The enhanced optical activity can provide promising applications for the enhancement of chiral molecule sensor for this chiral particle chain-film system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Tang
- Soft Matter and Interdisciplinary Research Center, College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044 China
- School of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067 China
| | - Yingzhou Huang
- Soft Matter and Interdisciplinary Research Center, College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044 China
| | - Linhong Qv
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Electron, and Ion Beams (Ministry of Education), School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024 China
| | - Yurui Fang
- Soft Matter and Interdisciplinary Research Center, College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044 China
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Electron, and Ion Beams (Ministry of Education), School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024 China
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18
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Li T, Hu X, Chen H, Zhao C, Xu Y, Wei X, Song G. Metallic metasurfaces for high efficient polarization conversion control in transmission mode. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:23597-23604. [PMID: 29041311 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.023597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A high efficient broadband polarization converter is an important component in integrated miniaturized optical systems, but its performances is often restricted by the material structures, metallic metasurfaces for polarization control in transmission mode never achieved efficiency above 0.5. Herein, we theoretically demonstrate that metallic metasurfaces constructed by thick cross-shaped particles can realize a high efficient polarization transformation over a broadband. We investigated the resonant properties of designed matesurfaces and found that the interaction between double FP cavity resonances and double bulk magnetic resonances is the main reason to generate a high transmissivity over a broadband. In addition, through using four resonances effect and tuning the anisotropic optical response, we realized a high efficient (> 0.85) quarter-wave plate at the wavelength range from 1175nm to 1310nm and a high efficient (> 0.9) half-wave plate at the wavelength range from 1130nm to 1230nm. The proposed polarization converters may have many potential applications in integrated polarization conversion devices and optical data storage systems.
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19
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Directional beaming of light from a subwavelength metal slit with phase-gradient metasurfaces. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12098. [PMID: 28935881 PMCID: PMC5608909 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09726-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, we demonstrate directional beaming of light from a metal nanoslit surrounded with phase-gradient metasurfaces on both sides. Distinct from the grating-based beaming structures, here the momentum mismatch between the surface wave and radiation wave is overcome by the phase-gradient metasurfaces. The deviation angle of the directional beam can be flexibly adjusted by appropriately arranging the phase-gradient of metasurfaces on each side of the nanoslit. The metasurface-based beaming structures also present the ability to operate with high diffraction efficiency and small divergence angle, implying various potential applications in nanophotonics.
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20
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Liu HC, Yang B, Guo Q, Shi J, Guan C, Zheng G, Mühlenbernd H, Li G, Zentgraf T, Zhang S. Single-pixel computational ghost imaging with helicity-dependent metasurface hologram. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1701477. [PMID: 28913433 PMCID: PMC5590780 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1701477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Different optical imaging techniques are based on different characteristics of light. By controlling the abrupt phase discontinuities with different polarized incident light, a metasurface can host a phase-only and helicity-dependent hologram. In contrast, ghost imaging (GI) is an indirect imaging modality to retrieve the object information from the correlation of the light intensity fluctuations. We report single-pixel computational GI with a high-efficiency reflective metasurface in both simulations and experiments. Playing a fascinating role in switching the GI target with different polarized light, the metasurface hologram generates helicity-dependent reconstructed ghost images and successfully introduces an additional security lock in a proposed optical encryption scheme based on the GI. The robustness of our encryption scheme is further verified with the vulnerability test. Building the first bridge between the metasurface hologram and the GI, our work paves the way to integrate their applications in the fields of optical communications, imaging technology, and security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Chao Liu
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Corresponding author. (H.-C.L.); (S.Z.)
| | - Biao Yang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Qinghua Guo
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- SZU-NUS Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jinhui Shi
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- SZU-NUS Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Key Laboratory of In-Fiber Integrated Optics of Ministry of Education, College of Science, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Chunying Guan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Key Laboratory of In-Fiber Integrated Optics of Ministry of Education, College of Science, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Guoxing Zheng
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Holger Mühlenbernd
- Department of Physics, University of Paderborn, Warburger Straße 100, Paderborn D-33098, Germany
| | - Guixin Li
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Thomas Zentgraf
- Department of Physics, University of Paderborn, Warburger Straße 100, Paderborn D-33098, Germany
| | - Shuang Zhang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Corresponding author. (H.-C.L.); (S.Z.)
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21
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Guo Q, Schlickriede C, Wang D, Liu H, Xiang Y, Zentgraf T, Zhang S. Manipulation of vector beam polarization with geometric metasurfaces. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:14300-14307. [PMID: 28789015 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.014300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Describing a class of beams with space-variant polarization, vector beams find many applications in both classical and quantum optics. However, simultaneous manipulation of its space-dependent polarization states is still a challenge with a single optical element. Here we demonstrate polarization modulation of a vector field by employing a plasmonic metasurface exhibiting strong and controllable optical activity. By changing the lateral phase shift between two reflective metasurface supercells, the rotation angle of a linear polarized light can be continuously tuned from zero to π with a high efficiency. As the optical activity of our metasurface devices only depends on geometrical phase, the metasurfaces can simultaneously modulate the rotation angle of a vector beam regardless of its space-variant polarization distribution. Our work provides a high efficient method in manipulating the polarization state of vector beams, especially with metasurface in a compact space, which presents great potential in research fields involving vector beams.
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22
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Tan Q, Guo Q, Liu H, Huang X, Zhang S. Controlling the plasmonic orbital angular momentum by combining the geometric and dynamic phases. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:4944-4949. [PMID: 28368060 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr00124j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The tunable orbit angular momentum (OAM) of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) is theoretically studied with appropriately designed metasurfaces. By controlling both the orientation angle and the spatial position of a nano aperture array on an ultrathin gold film, the field distributions of the surface waves can be engineered to contain both spin dependent and independent OAM components. Simultaneous control over the geometric phase and the optical path difference induced phase (dynamic phase) provides extra degrees of freedom for manipulating the OAM of SPPs. We show that an arbitrary combination of OAM numbers can be realized for the SPPs excited by incident light of different circular polarizations. Our results provide powerful control over the OAM of SPPs, which will have potential applications in optical trapping, imaging, communications and even quantum information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilong Tan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Special Fiber Photonic Devices and Applications, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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23
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Hu X, Wei X. High efficiency broadband -90° to 90° arbitrary optical rotation realized with meta reflectarray. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:5641-5650. [PMID: 28380820 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.005641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically demonstrate high efficiency broadband -90° to 90° arbitrary optical rotation realized with meta reflectarray composed of a L-shaped silver antenna array, a silica spacer, and a silver ground plane. Co-polarized and cross-polarized components of reflected wave can be manipulated efficiently by adjusting arm length of the L-shaped antenna, and 0° to 90° arbitrary optical rotation with high degree of linear polarization (DoLP) over a broadband can be achieved readily. The phase of cross-polarized field component can be reversed by turning the L-shaped antennas upside down, and 0° to 90° optical rotation can be turned into 0° to -90° rotation. Reflected phase can be shift by π after a 90° rotation of the L-shaped or Γ-shaped antennas, while optical rotation angle remains the same. Thus, rotation angle θ is changed to 180° + θ after the rotation, and we realized 0° to 360° polarization rotation with a step of 60° with the combination of six discrete structure units. In addition, we proposed metamaterial structures for highly efficient generation of vector beams with these units. The high efficiency broadband arbitrary angle optical rotation will profoundly affect a wide range of applications involving optical polarization.
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24
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Moocarme M, Proscia NV, Vuong LT. Meta-Optical Chirality and Emergent Eigen-polarization Modes via Plasmon Interactions. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40718. [PMID: 28176792 PMCID: PMC5296858 DOI: 10.1038/srep40718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The response of an individual meta-atom is often generalized to explain the collective response of a metasurface in a manner that neglects the interactions between meta-atoms. Here, we study a metasurface composed of tilted achiral meta-atoms with no spatial variation of the unit cell that derives appreciable optical chirality solely from the asymmetric interactions between meta-atoms. The interactions between meta-atoms are considered to stem from the Lorentz force arising from the Larmor radiation of adjacent plasmonic resonators because their inclusion in a simple model accurately predicts the bonding/anti- bonding modes that are measured experimentally. We also experimentally observe the emergence of multiple polarization eigenmodes, among other polarization-dependent responses, which cannot be modeled with the conventional formalism of transmission matrices. Our results are vital to the precise characterization and design of metasurfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Moocarme
- The Graduate Center of CUNY, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY, 10016, USA.,Queens College of CUNY, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Flushing Queens, NY, 11367, USA
| | - Nicholas V Proscia
- The Graduate Center of CUNY, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY, 10016, USA.,Queens College of CUNY, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Flushing Queens, NY, 11367, USA
| | - Luat T Vuong
- The Graduate Center of CUNY, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY, 10016, USA.,Queens College of CUNY, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Flushing Queens, NY, 11367, USA
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25
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Wang Z, Cheng F, Winsor T, Liu Y. Optical chiral metamaterials: a review of the fundamentals, fabrication methods and applications. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:412001. [PMID: 27606801 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/41/412001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Optical chiral metamaterials have recently attracted considerable attention because they offer new and exciting opportunities for fundamental research and practical applications. Through pragmatic designs, the chiroptical response of chiral metamaterials can be several orders of magnitude higher than that of natural chiral materials. Meanwhile, the local chiral fields can be enhanced by plasmonic resonances to drive a wide range of physical and chemical processes in both linear and nonlinear regimes. In this review, we will discuss the fundamental principles of chiral metamaterials, various optical chiral metamaterials realized by different nanofabrication approaches, and the applications and future prospects of this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuojia Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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26
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Li QT, Dong F, Wang B, Gan F, Chen J, Song Z, Xu L, Chu W, Xiao YF, Gong Q, Li Y. Polarization-independent and high-efficiency dielectric metasurfaces for visible light. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:16309-16319. [PMID: 27464084 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.016309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Dielectric metasurfaces are capable of completely manipulating the phase, amplitude, and polarization of light with high spatial resolutions. The emerging design based on high-index and low-loss dielectrics has led to the realization of novel metasurfaces with high transmissions, but these devices usually operate at the limited bandwidth, and are sensitive to the incident polarization. Here, we report the realization of the polarization-independent and high-efficiency silicon metasurfaces spanning the visible wavelengths about 200 nm. The fabricated computer-generated meta-holograms exhibit a 90% diffraction efficiency, which are verified by gradient metasurfaces with measured efficiencies up to 93% at 670 nm, and exceeding 75% at the wavelengths from 600 to 800 nm for the two orthogonally polarized incidences. These dielectric metasurfaces effectively decouple the phase modulation from the polarization states and frequencies for visible light, which hold great potential for novel flat optical devices operating over a broad spectrum.
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27
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Yu P, Li J, Tang C, Cheng H, Liu Z, Li Z, Liu Z, Gu C, Li J, Chen S, Tian J. Controllable optical activity with non-chiral plasmonic metasurfaces. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2016; 5:e16096. [PMID: 30167174 PMCID: PMC6059946 DOI: 10.1038/lsa.2016.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Optical activity is the rotation of the plane of linearly polarized light along the propagation direction as the light travels through optically active materials. In existing methods, the strength of the optical activity is determined by the chirality of the materials, which is difficult to control quantitatively. Here we numerically and experimentally investigated an alternative approach to realize and control the optical activity with non-chiral plasmonic metasurfaces. Through judicious design of the structural units of the metasurfaces, the right and left circular polarization components of the linearly polarized light have different phase retardations after transmitting through the metasurfaces, leading to large optical activity. Moreover, the strength of the optical activity can be easily and accurately tuned by directly adjusting the phase difference. The proposed approach based on non-chiral plasmonic metasurfaces exhibits large optical activity with a high controllable degree of freedom, which may provide more possibilities for applications in photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, School of Physics, Teda Applied Physics Institute, and the 2011 Project Collaborative Innovation Center for Biological Therapy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jianxiong Li
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, School of Physics, Teda Applied Physics Institute, and the 2011 Project Collaborative Innovation Center for Biological Therapy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Chengchun Tang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hua Cheng
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, School of Physics, Teda Applied Physics Institute, and the 2011 Project Collaborative Innovation Center for Biological Therapy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhaocheng Liu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, School of Physics, Teda Applied Physics Institute, and the 2011 Project Collaborative Innovation Center for Biological Therapy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhancheng Li
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, School of Physics, Teda Applied Physics Institute, and the 2011 Project Collaborative Innovation Center for Biological Therapy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Changzhi Gu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Junjie Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shuqi Chen
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, School of Physics, Teda Applied Physics Institute, and the 2011 Project Collaborative Innovation Center for Biological Therapy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jianguo Tian
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, School of Physics, Teda Applied Physics Institute, and the 2011 Project Collaborative Innovation Center for Biological Therapy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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28
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Slyngborg M, Tsao YC, Fojan P. Large-scale fabrication of achiral plasmonic metamaterials with giant chiroptical response. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 7:914-925. [PMID: 27547608 PMCID: PMC4979657 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.7.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A variety of extrinsic chiral metamaterials were fabricated by a combination of self-ordering anodic oxidation of aluminum foil, nanoimprint lithography and glancing angle deposition. All of these techniques are scalable and pose a significant improvement to standard metamaterial fabrication techniques. Different interpore distances and glancing angle depositions enable the plasmonic resonance wavelength to be tunable in the range from UVA to IR. These extrinsic chiral metamaterials only exhibit significant chiroptical response at non-normal angles of incidence. This intrinsic property enables the probing of both enantoimeric structures on the same sample, by inverting the tilt of the sample relative to the normal angle. In biosensor applications this allows for more precise, cheap and commercialized devices. As a proof of concept two different molecules were used to probe the sensitivity of the metamaterials. These proved the applicability to sense proteins through non-specific adsorption on the metamaterial surface or through functionalized surfaces to increase the sensing sensitivity. Besides increasing the sensing sensitivity, these metamaterials may also be commercialized and find applications in surface-enhanced IR spectroscopy, terahertz generation and terahertz circular dichroism spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Slyngborg
- Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, Aalborg University, Skjernvej 4A, 9220 Aalborg East, Denmark
| | - Yao-Chung Tsao
- Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, Aalborg University, Skjernvej 4A, 9220 Aalborg East, Denmark
| | - Peter Fojan
- Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, Aalborg University, Skjernvej 4A, 9220 Aalborg East, Denmark
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29
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Hu L, Huang Y, Fang L, Chen G, Wei H, Fang Y. Fano resonance assisting plasmonic circular dichroism from nanorice heterodimers for extrinsic chirality. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16069. [PMID: 26538460 PMCID: PMC4633605 DOI: 10.1038/srep16069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, the circular dichroisms (CD) of nanorice heterodimers consisting of two parallel arranged nanorices with the same size but different materials are investigated theoretically. Symmetry-breaking is introduced by using different materials and oblique incidence to achieve strong CD at the vicinity of Fano resonance peaks. We demonstrate that all Au-Ag heterodimers exhibit multipolar Fano resonances and strong CD effect. A simple quantitative analysis shows that the structure with larger Fano asymmetry factor has stronger CD. The intensity and peak positions of the CD effect can be flexibly tuned in a large range by changing particle size, shape, the inter-particle distance and surroundings. Furthermore, CD spectra exhibit high sensitivity to ambient medium in visible and near infrared regions. Our results here are beneficial for the design and application of high sensitive CD sensors and other related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Hu
- Soft Matter and Interdisciplinary Research Center, College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
- School of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Yingzhou Huang
- Soft Matter and Interdisciplinary Research Center, College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Liang Fang
- Soft Matter and Interdisciplinary Research Center, College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Guo Chen
- Soft Matter and Interdisciplinary Research Center, College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Hua Wei
- Soft Matter and Interdisciplinary Research Center, College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Yurui Fang
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, SE 412 96, Sweden
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30
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Cao T, Wei C, Mao L. Numerical study of achiral phase-change metamaterials for ultrafast tuning of giant circular conversion dichroism. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14666. [PMID: 26423517 PMCID: PMC4589781 DOI: 10.1038/srep14666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Control of the polarization of light is highly desirable for detection of material’s chirality since biomolecules have vibrational modes in the optical region. Here, we report an ultrafast tuning of pronounced circular conversion dichroism (CCD) in the mid-infrared (M-IR) region, using an achiral phase change metamaterial (PCMM). Our structure consists of an array of Au squares separated from a continuous Au film by a phase change material (Ge2Sb2Te5) dielectric layer, where the Au square patches occupy the sites of a rectangular lattice. The extrinsically giant 2D chirality appears provided that the rectangular array of the Au squares is illuminated at an oblique incidence, and accomplishes a wide tunable wavelength range between 2664 and 3912 nm in the M-IR regime by switching between the amorphous and crystalline states of the Ge2Sb2Te5. A photothermal model is investigated to study the temporal variation of the temperature of the Ge2Sb2Te5 layer, and shows the advantage of fast transiting the phase of Ge2Sb2Te5 of 3.2 ns under an ultralow incident light intensity of 1.9 μW/μm2. Our design is straightforward to fabricate and will be a promising candidate for controlling electromagnetic (EM) wave in the optical region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tun Cao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 116024 China (P.R.C) 116024
| | - Chenwei Wei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 116024 China (P.R.C) 116024
| | - Libang Mao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 116024 China (P.R.C) 116024
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31
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Yu P, Chen S, Li J, Cheng H, Li Z, Liu W, Xie B, Liu Z, Tian J. Generation of vector beams with arbitrary spatial variation of phase and linear polarization using plasmonic metasurfaces. OPTICS LETTERS 2015; 40:3229-3232. [PMID: 26176436 DOI: 10.1364/ol.40.003229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A novel method is proposed to generate vector beams with arbitrary spatial variation of phase and linear polarization at the nanoscale using compact plasmonic metasurfaces with rectangular nanoapertures. The physical mechanism underlying the simultaneous control of light polarization and phase is explained. Vector beams with different spiral phasefronts are obtained by manipulating the local orientation and geometric parameters of the metasurfaces. In addition, radially and azimuthally polarized vector beams and double-mode vector beams are achieved through completely compensating for the Berry phase, which provides additional degrees of freedom for beam manipulation.
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32
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Cao T, Wei CW, Mao LB, Wang S. Tuning of giant 2D-chiroptical response using achiral metasurface integrated with graphene. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:18620-18629. [PMID: 26191920 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.018620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Tuning the chiroptical response of a molecule is crucial for detecting the material's chirality. Here, we demonstrate a pronounced circular conversion dichroism (CCD) by using an achiral metasurface (AMS) which is composed of a rectangular reflectarray of Au squares separated from a continuous Au film by a dielectric interlayer. This extrinsically 2D chirality originates from the mutual orientation between the AMS and oblique incident wave. The AMS is further incorporated with graphene to tune the CCD spectra in the mid-infrared (MIR) region by electrically modulating the graphene's Fermi level. This approach offers a high fabrication tolerance and will be a promising candidate for controlling electromagnetic (EM) waves in the MIR region from 1500 to 3000 nm.
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33
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Ding F, Wang Z, He S, Shalaev VM, Kildishev AV. Broadband high-efficiency half-wave plate: a supercell-based plasmonic metasurface approach. ACS NANO 2015; 9:4111-9. [PMID: 25790895 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
We design, fabricate, and experimentally demonstrate an ultrathin, broadband half-wave plate in the near-infrared range using a plasmonic metasurface. The simulated results show that the linear polarization conversion efficiency is over 97% with over 90% reflectance across an 800 nm bandwidth. Moreover, simulated and experimental results indicate that such broadband and high-efficiency performance is also sustained over a wide range of incident angles. To further obtain a background-free half-wave plate, we arrange such a plate as a periodic array of integrated supercells made of several plasmonic antennas with high linear polarization conversion efficiency, consequently achieving a reflection-phase gradient for the cross-polarized beam. In this design, the anomalous (cross-polarized) and the normal (copolarized) reflected beams become spatially separated, hence enabling highly efficient and robust, background-free polarization conversion along with broadband operation. Our results provide strategies for creating compact, integrated, and high-performance plasmonic circuits and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ding
- ‡State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentations, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | | | - Sailing He
- ‡State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentations, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- §Department of Electromagnetic Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, S-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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